System Analysis and Design

Lecture #1
What is System?
The term system is derived from the Greek word systema, which means an
organized relationship among functioning units or components.
Accounting system, Telecommunication system, computer system, etc.

Elements of a System
Outputs and Inputs
Processors
Control
Feedback
Environment
Boundaries and Interface.

System Analysis and Design?

System analysis and design are the application of the systems approach to
problem solving, generally using computers.
To reconstruct a system, the analyst must consider its elements.

The System Development Life Cycle

Recognition of need-what is the problem?
Feasibility study
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Post-Implementation and maintenance
Considerations for Candidate Systems.
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 Characteristics of a System
Organization (Order)
Interaction
Interdependence
Integration
And Central Objective

Organization
Organization implies structure and order.
It is the arrangement of components that helps to achieve objective.

Interaction
Interaction refers to the manner in which each component functions with other
components of the system.
Example:
o Advertising with sales
o Payroll with personnel

Interdependence
Interdependence means that parts of the organization or computer system
depend on one another.
They are coordinated and linked together according to a plan.

Integration
Integration is concerned with how a system is tied together.
It means that parts of the system work
together within the system even though each
part performs a unique function.

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Central Objective
The important point is that users must know the central objective of a
computer application early in the analysis for a successful design and
conversion.
Example: Result processing

Types of System
Physical & Abstract System
Open and Closed System
Man-made such as Information Systems

(Software)

Physical or Abstract Systems

Physical systems are tangible entities that may be static or dynamic in
operation
Abstract systems are conceptual or nonphysical
relationship)

entities (formulas or

Open or Closed Systems

An open system interacts with its environment and
has many interfaces with its environment.
It receives inputs from and delivers outputs to the
out side.
A closed system is isolated from the environment.
In real word completely closed system is rare

What is Information Systems?

An information system is an open system that allows inputs and facilitates
interaction with the user.
The main characteristics of an open system are input from outside,
processing, provide output, operating in cycles through feedback.

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 Formal Information Systems

A formal Information System is based on
the organization represented by the organization chart.
Formal system follows certain formalities i.e step by step
procedure
The chart is a map of positions and their authority relationship indicated by
boxes and connected by straight lines.
It is concerned with the pattern of authority, communication
and work flow.

Management Information System

MIS is a combination of information for various

managerial levels

The key element of MIS is the data base-ideally, a non-redundant collection

of interrelated data items that are processed through application programs
The historical nature of MIS reports and the need to deal with unstructured
problem situations promoted the introduction of DSS.

Example of Information Systems

Information systems fall into one of the following categories:
Transaction processing systems (TPS)
Office automation systems (OAS)
Knowledge work systems (KWS)
Management information systems (MIS)
Decision support systems (DSS)
Expert systems (ES)
Executive support systems (EES)

Thank You

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