Effect of cascading on gain and bandwidth

Ideal amplifier should have high input impedance, low output impedance, high
voltage and current gain.
Single Stage amplifier is not able to provide enough gain, power and fullfill all
the requirement of an ideal amplifier, so Multistage amplifier is needed.
In a multistage amplifier, a number of single amplifiers are connected in
cascade arrangement i.e. ooutput
utput of first stage is connected to the input of the
second stage through a suitable coupling device and so on.

If n identical stages are connected together, with Voltage gain Av, Current Gain
Ai, lower cut-off
off frequency and upper cut-off frequency ,
The effective Voltage Gain,
AVT=AV AV AV n
And Current Gain,

AiT=Ai Ai Ai...n

The lower cut off frequency for the multistage amplifier is given by,
And the upper cut-off
off frequency for the multistage amplifi
amplifier
er is given by,
2
Thus bandwidth of the multistage amplifier is

When each stage is non-identical then,

1. AVT=AV1 AV2 AV3
2. AiT=Ai1 Ai2 Ai3
3. The lower cut-off frequency, fL, of each amplifier stage is different and
the dominant lower cut-off frequency, f'L equals the lower cut-off
frequency of the stage with the highest fL.
4. The upper cut-off frequency fH, of each amplifier stage is different, the
dominant upper cut-off frequency f'H , equals the upper cut-off frequency
of the stage with the lowest fH
The Gain-Bandwidth product will always be a Constant, i.e. cascading will
increase the gain and decrease the Bandwidth.