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SPEECH
1
JUSTIN
:
MORRILL
S.
VERMONT,
ON TUB
EREO
OP
REPRESENTATIVES, APRIL
WASHINGTON:
;~D AT
THE CONGRESSIONAL
1353.
GLOfiE OFFICE.
42 3<1/M
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES.
Mr.
CLINGMAN.
will prevail, as
Mr.
Morrill]
HOUSTON. Was
is in
Before
when
is
a pend-
HOUSTON.
resume the
to
call,
bill
do-
its
consideration until
bill,
Wednesday,
committee, be printed.
it
for
MORRILL.
I
enacting clause,
the
that
now
whole
bill.
when
there
in the
offer the
amendment
come
in after the
to
Mr. Speaker,
is
know
very well
a lack of arguments
to
be
brought against the merits of a measure, the Constitution is fled to as an inexhaustible arsenal of
supply. From thence all sorts of missiles may
be hurled, and though they " bear wide" of the
MORRILL.
now
whenever it
But, while
by
stitutional
is
who
underconsideration,sofarasthefactcan be proved
<Z
withdraw
motion.
Mr.
petitions
will
which
Mr.
to
for years
WALBRIDGE.
that purpose.
postpone
mo-
his
introduce
to
may
The SPEAKER.
ing report.
Mr.
Mr.
was; but there
withdraw
reports?
It
to
his seat.
The SPEAKER.
proceed further,
do not propose
argument
it
at
to
all
shall
the favor
to ail
manhood
'
the
1.
of our country.
ms to
ur power ami e:
and promote commerce thn
s, coast surveys, improvement of harbors,
and through our Navy and Naval Academy. Our
tary "crown-jewels" are manufactured at
2.
Upon
ct
We
We
of internal trade.
Is
prol
bhe
make
open new
secure to literary
ction of copy-right.
growth and
discipline of
We encour-
hardy seamen by
We
bounties.
ed
ights.
edueation in
new Slates.
But
all
the
to
encouragement
all
aire
and lavish
in its
tender, at worst, a
god of
we have
fiery little
luivoc of
all
we " hand
When
.u;d
\\
promises,
culture appears,
"A
there
is
to
support
all
nothing
left for
admission of heraffinity
ting
all
utes.
Treasury notes
It is
iiius
to the
If
it
fective as to
it
concern. If
make
we
of cultiva-
all
most deplorable
ia
common mode
fact,
and a
fact
and
skill
in a picture
on one of our
whatever we undertake.
The
of our artists and artisans have
of
natii
productiveness of the
soil,
it
is
nation;-,' v.nate,
What are
the facts?
In
New
not
is
Vermont and
New
once abundant,
lowing table
is
now
inconsiderable.
will exhibit
The
P rtrtfoes
Wheat bushels.
hahels.
1650.
B7..003
U;tD
3,1
Massachusetts.. 137,923
31,211
5,3
Connecticut....
49
91 1.97 J
185,658
6,208,500
4.30
848,166
295,359
10,392,280
3,43
495,81
535,955
'
Maine
Vermont
2,014,111
1.090.132
19,751
4,951,014
19,418,1^1
In
many
production
equally
marked
'
Wht
3810.
in
'
Tennessee
Kentucky
In
1,61
4,803,152
2,14
1,0E
Alabamti
885
294,044
12,012,723
commended.
ll
ompetition.
so de-
is
by y
family by omit-
we may be
many of the
Yet, while
ited to the
we coldly
een universally
and
aries;
ds, to do xoell
of seek-
mention of heron the records of our statCeres does not appear among the gods of
'!
ai
New Hkmpahii
daily food''
agriculturist?,
Rhode Island...
though taxed
Our
direct
withheld.
When Commerce
cels.
we
in
advance
useful arts,
and there an elevated spot, our tendency is still downward. Does not our general sysof agriculture foreshadow ultimate decay ? If
riding here
all
improvements,
number of
is
The
steadily sinking.
acres,
the
the
five
swine,
abote
number of
fifteen
percent.
years
v.
(>,
000,000 bushels.
but
1854
in
The
It
has stead-
done
The average
it
some new
to thirty
fertilizer, be-
may
\\
soil,
!'
-i
-txn ]
r
While
the crop of
cotton m
Texas and Arkansas was seven hun-
<s.
Bister States.
new
lands of
dred
to
in
fifty
Kentucky and
of grain
In a
southern journal
&"
An Alabama
in the
for a price
come
where so large an am
and carried off, instead of being
to
less
No
by
:n
tin-
utterly ruinous.
con.:;
cently published,
pounds.
long cul-
In Indiana,
to pasturage.
Witness tile
red hills of Georgia and South Carolina, vvliicji have produced cotton till the last dying gasp of the soil forbade any
(nither attempt at cultivation and the land, turned out to
nature, reminds the traveler, as he views the dilapidated
or volcanic eruptions.
all
Illinois,
sold
is
up
is
fields
bushel
ment:
ci
in
And
Hon. A. Stevenson,
'
peracre. In
per acre.
The
for 1850,
Virginia.
has beer
ing, and
little
to
was
system pursued
million
in that State,
the
says:
one. Mississippi
isanewStacej
it
dates
its
existence only
and
||
this staple
effective
ished or
it
will
ishing in size
being strained
In the late
Writing
date,
to the
(December
same person
at a
eJf
in
excluding
scientific principles."
My
adhered to."
5, 1791,)
he eloquently diseants
applied to
Yet
ten! States."
W ri te s
lolders.
1818-;
In this
State,
'-
subsequent
dness of the land an agreeable duty. Tinleading fact, however, of a wide-spread detei
he says:
' The English farmer must entertain a contemptible opinin of our husbandry, or a horrid idea of our land, when he
l|
||
rat ' on
f the
n;ed.
The
soil,
to
'-'"'
tnt
and incn
6
diminution of agricultural products, without any
advance in prices. It follows, just in proportion,
that capital
is
unless true!
We 'bring
growing
debilitated, and we propagate the consumptive
disease with all the energy of private enterprise
become depleted and stationary. This early maturity is followed by sudden barrenness.
Our country
a diminishing reward.
is
It
to
ally.'
sum
greater than
State taxation
Men
all
Thus
in a single gen-
the accu-
eration.
And
this
waste of
soil is
grains, at 2,000,000.
same
Another gentleman,
in the
stock, dairy,
&c,
in
same
these interests, at
The
loss of
New
York, upon her four hundred and fortyseven thousand and fourteen horses, (and Ohio,
by the census of 1850, had more,) through the
universal incompetency in the veterinary art, has
been reckoned at not less than two million dollars.
The horse, that " wonder of nature," so
universally adored by man, for the slightest ailment, is handed over to the butchers of quackery,
whose practice is more fatal than that ascribed
even to Dr. Hornbook:
" Folk maun do something for their bread,
An' sue maun Death."
We
are indebted to
Europe
all
for
our civilized
of our domesticani-
we
in-
latter.
The
may
soil
it
ap-
States in half
Concerted
effort is
That
effort is
being
made
government
is
installed to
no such effort is being made. Governmenthas notyetfollowed the lead of the people,
ral welfare,
We
even afar
off.
persistent outlay
new
Many
foreign
support
States
a population
we maintain,
but, by the sys-
field to
some
settlements of the
new
upon
the first
we have reached
the
maximum
of
is
skill
must
our limit.
warmed by speculative
by panics, may be kept
fever-and-aguish progress,
posed
to be inexhaustible,
is
sup-
who
to sell,
North and
and running
of
to the
soil, water,
Rocky Mountains,
timber, and
all
so barren
vegetation, as to pre-
to be left to lingering
rou-
accelerate
aroused
age a part ?
habitants.
We
tion,
we may now
best,
Our population
rap-
is
mands
meet
for bread
this
and clothing.
If
appropriate,
decline and
we
we
can barely
fresh soils to
The
fall.
nation which
tills
our
the soil
so as
pace, until
its
all
We
owe
it
to our-
selves not to
world as
rivals.
It
the
the
it
stuffs rose
test, that
we might
not forever
Able
to be
an area
as England and seventeen times as large as Belgium, yet over one hundred million of our imports
of the last fiscal year were products mainly of the
.soil.
own
to their
The
their zeal.
to
from
"
mag-
down
the National
to
all
is
And
will
that so
lamely"
Farmers
not do.
demand
light
ioned
What
to
supply
though
it
wears
"hodden gray and
to
it
a'
that"
may
authority
announce
of. teachers to
Let us
and fixed
tion
It
was not
until
which
will
great in
its
but greatest of
because
its
and because
it
is
all
others together;
it is
the
its
earliest of arts, so
all in
.
of our country, already dig-
their vocation.
There
we may
is
whom
Their genius
is
patent to
all
the world.
For
la-
experimenting upon problems which were mootpoints with farmers two thousand years ago.
vital
sal;
is detailed to
do
8
lungs for the engine to do that sort of work for
But they snatch their education, such as
itself.
it is,
They
them as
its
nation.
make masters of " deep-throated engines" of war; and shall we not have schools to
teach men the way to feed 4 clothe, and enlighten
ing and to
man?
It is
just on the
upon
whom
and upon whom they depend for their audience. There is no clashing of interests. It is not
being
in
crowned with
ant honors."
laurels
then,
at
once
its
reprisals,
intelligible
of thinkers.
truth of the
took delight
gistration of experiments
at
thoroughly
scientific institutions,
will not be
and
the science.
designed to
parishioner.
Our present
have no more
They move
iron foundery.
in separate spheres,
without competition, and using no raw materia! that will diminish the supply of one or the
the
mechanic require
special
much
<\ny
The
nowhere
Would
who
expected
how
not,
ntifici
table
are
we
If
and animal
it
to
life,
who has
to
to a
ing, writing,
ex-
expect
amateurs
may
whatever
first
soundei
will not be
fat,
and milk-
and hay,
and vege-
These, and
tific
untainted
in
No
that estate
facts, the
many more,
interest even
beyond
economical import-
The philosophy
Eng-
Itural
was
tion of fanners.
Washington, Calhoun, Clay,- nd Webster, are more secure of love and ho mag as farmers than even as men of highest public renown;
and Mount Vernon, Fort Hill, Ash and, and
Marshfield, the Meccas of Ami
the
paradise.
other pursuit in
the
It is the
to establish
would
all
that,
may
this bill, a
upon which we
and arithmetic?
for in
muck
collated, as is provided
We
other.
tables,
and such a*
port,
It
at his suggestion,
only
fertilizer,
9
the golden goose have been eclipsed in value
by
when
gins to
demand
tion to
some reference
is
young men
to the
voca-
be devoted through
to
tak-
life.
It is clear
if the pri-
in the
to re-
fled to
untrained adventurers.
Agency
tile
states the
number of
stores in the
at 204,061,
"Trade
destined
who have
its
suppose that
the time
ifely
name
own country
age. In our
marked
many
feature of the
the general
icy.
of Real
it
Adam
in
want of such
''
That which
supply
it,
The "
ure.
though necessarily
plentiful
their maturity
examples,
in stinted
like that of
full tide
been unable
to
impose
at
But
tive land,
life,
(if
of an
i,
schools
the pe
liberal
They would
information
places
and
frc
the scythe
cles
all
Mus-
soft in
know how
American
in-
all
uates would
stitutions with
It is
Mr. Speaker, when a money pressure overtakes the country, like that through which
,
to sustain
American
searching for
is
it
upon
we
cause no
its
agriculturists.
tillers
of the
'
oil
they
Tl.ey stand, as
for relief.
freight,
yet,
\v:
wealth
is
by the more or
legislators,
ria-
is
and judg-
generally applied.
we can have no
As
subject before us of
los-
merchants,
vigor.
in
They
defraying
plowand swinging
improvements of
of successful
experiment.
solid
meas-
more
trade
in
like circi
ces, to
all
diffej
history sir
10
the tenacity with which habits acquired in the cultivation of land cling to a people
to generation.
In
all
from generation
Europe.
arts
at
is
arts
use
in
habitant of
ance
to the
in parts of
some of
find
their corn in
and
If
we
common
than
staff of professors
United States.
in the
attendance at school.
Belgium has
its
and
Here farming
conducted most on a scientific basis; and Belgium, supporting a population of three hundred
In
all
ages,
keeps them at
men dwell
and thirty-six
Their business
home, and they cannot combine to
apart.
They
complaints heard.
make
suffer in silence
mile,
in
the
is
Governments
the different
alive to the
first in
Europe.
Virginia, averaging
Its
once noted
now
battle-fields are
Kentucky or
their
is
ferior to that of
the
vest."
find
Agricultural
we
all
we
shall
rolling years
be said that
This nation is
making rapid progress in wealth and intelligence.
In Saxony they have a number of experiment
may
agricultural colleges,
ble, conservative,
It
ma-
nures.
agriculture.
much
for agriculture.
isters of instruction,
wants of
farms, botanical
number of secondary
pose
the
The
stitutions.
degree fa-
expense
in
France
cultural science.
is
shirked
in the
No
cause of agri-
laboratories, physiological
inferior agri-
empire.
little
consequence
to
Americans, even
if
they could
was
the successive
wars
The abrogation
resources of her
laws and
as our
chance
to
be attracted to
it
tellectual pursuit.
Is
it
true, as
our detractors
under the
this
is
known
to
be more
much
soil.
of the
game
illiterate
As
patronage of royalty?
complete
retards
many
economy.
we look more to England and Scotland, and to Ireland to some extent, for principles and facts for our instruction.
Here we find
it is,
'
11
agriculture developed in
all its
noblest attitudes
advance of
her cotem-
all
now
is
behind
The
and honor.
delve constantly in
far
its
Government,
same
object, especially in
Ireland.
numerous
in
is
and here we
suits,
find but
one person
as
Nothing
in
ten years
all
of
seas with
its flag,
all-
show
the
difference
and behold
pro-
soil,
in fifty
all
plated
we
vance, though
The
as those of an opposite
is
we
but pause,
ance,
measure contem-
consideration; examples
are distanced.
if it
own
They
soil.
are as
will be
More
try as another.
than four
of our pop-
fifths
employments.
Trafalgar or Waterloo.
importance
The Government
fail
No
millions of people
direction
Is
how many
mud
of the Nile,
The back-bone
norance.
drawn
Here we
battle.
wage a
find a despotism,
from
all
not of grave
an intelligent
like
it
ought we
number which
for
it
to
may
for
will be required in
At
Why,
to
were situated
felt
hardly do
secondary schools.
whose boundaries
the
was much
difficulty
sir,
more
two hun-
their instruction,
the
The
States within
disposed
and artisans to become educated and skillful, while our people with the Government in their
own hands, parley on the brink, and do nothing
labor, placing
it
turists
for their
Spain
own
is
benefit.
weak
in all
it is
said, can-
the use
and
acknowledged
to
the extent of
new States
12
The
'
jelyacquiredjWiHbeallowedsbrnedirecl
but not greater than that of oth
bution.
pos
any
is
It
What
cannot
'i.
iperty
Here
is
that this
one of a
is
and,
all
can
measure
who do
any degree
shall in
may
we do
would be a cure
rs
may
it
tile
may
is
resulting
more
in-
disposed
of.
legal
to
Pennsylvania,
ft
am
it
any
loss to the
As
a prudent proprietor,
profitable
Up
and mere
agricultural labor
dei
to the 30th of
pursuitin
thousand
land for
five
by me;
but,
if
populated,
fifth
part of
its
mount of
York
bill
it
is
certainly no
thickly peopled.
If
would postp
original cost,
all
the purpose
ti
among
more
Hffe?
may we
New York
Will
cost of the
much
In
the
be derived,
wanting here.
to
considering
ItsCordant opinions
literal
never forget.
There
two hundred
institutions
result in
parlance,
will not be
Wl
will prove an
What
part of the
with them
now proposed
extent
to the limited
?
how
all
as is
upon
restric-
may
in that
not be within
the reach of
no
benefit of all,
in-
value
These
wheat midge.
for the
is
be,
not be overcome;
common
be wronged
not
whether held in
small or large quantities, will be augmented. The
cotton-gin has hardly done more to raise the price
of estates in the South, than would now the discovery of a remedy for the boll-worm, and other
destructive insects, which gore and gorge the
cotton-plant; nor have the reaping machines been
of more advantage to western wheat fields, than
land, wherever
all
and there
it;
it
must
is
in rfta
be wrong to give
it
Who will
not cultivate
of
whole of
if
proportion
interested.
and
class
of
fifths
all
to dispose of-
the
is
for here
Kayc power
shall
itory or
the distri-
:rs, in
(of cases;
The Congress
all net
barrii r to this
tion declares:
liberality;
demand
Little
for
COnStifn-
Dominion,
Rhody?
such aid
in
Is
th
there
behalf of
whose frame
am advoC
of government
all the debt and burdens of the national Government, and bending
under $2 15,211,259 of present Stale indebtedn.
in
New
..
is
IS
branches oui of the hands of private enterprise, tt
ages so much better "all the concerns to which
v.
ile
common
embodied
measure are of great weight and authority.
Commencing with
the Consti-
ith
th
any Fav
>rite
"The
to claim for
robbery
which
and
message, December
He
'It will
in prpportion as nations
mce.
ftnd
<
itl
is
of primary
advance
'
"
germ of
to the
these institutions
The
ppi.
new view
have
the opportunity
onco
ot*.
The assembly
to
which
cannot omit
to
the ablest,
pi (lessors in
the dif-
for the
This
will be
enough
now
see
reason that
what were
and
in
that
is
it
here placed
it
first
gave
to
the
States
was
to
be any division
among
h- thus speak?:
Education
in
Let us
Lawrence, Mis-
ions of Washington.
canal.
granting
honor, contains many seminaries of learning, highly respectable and useful; but the funds upon which they rest
command
2, 1833,
bill
Miami
he approved of a
March
among
tl.c
would be proposed
to
its
ordinary
I]
eral
pro-
P osed
articles of public
take
ap*
with
your attention
He
giving land to a
desirableness of both
!
13, 1831,
consideration of Con-
bill
January
statistic::,
ceeds:
I
of land for agricultural colleges would have received the approval of Washington. He pro-
own
exiles expelled
It
its
propriety?"
tical
whole pro*
the
ot
with those
first, in
the very
it
niore
i-nl ;u
"The
on a donation
Thus we have
it
endow
ful
,,;1
ject.
earliest lo
to
stitutional
Ira-
in population
task
er circti
more
found
power
hem."
'erenee.either to in-
r,
in their
cir-
says:
eligible to
now
amongst the
will he
is,
1796, he recurs to
7,
it
is
Congre
if
more
it
He thought it
it
also, that
his la3i
education, particularly,
for
cumstance
Congress
the parts of which contribute to the Iraoun try, and some of them to its preserva*
an equality.
Washington brought
ire
it
tution,
[iial
in this
all
oi
kites.
The
ti
now
"
"
14
him would have approved of grants of land
advancement of
to
to
all
asrictilture.
ft Is
and
sincerely
hope
that the present Congress will not close their labors without
leges.
The
ticut, for
The
bill
approved Jan-
and
Woodbury
of
In the
among
breleng, Livingston,
added to the names of CrawMonroe, Calhoun Webster, Clay and ClayIn 1838, a township of land in Florida was
tional questions, to be
ford,
ton.
granted to Dr.
Henry
donated
to
new
The
each of the
was
nessee,
August
Ten-
6,
to different States.
No
ment
to the
improvement of
aid, in
my
far,
opinion,
wholly inadequate.
is
may justly
Four
"Agriculture
of our people.
ployed
fifths
in the cultivation
number engaged
of the
new
citizens.
means authorized by
interests
soil
em
territory is daily
the
all
And
yet
it is
man-
ufacturing and commercial interests have engaged the attention of Congress during a large portion of every session,
The
involved.
for the
citations
made show
that there is
the
Government, of executive,
power of Congress
at its discretion
The
derivative
is
plain, absolute,
title to
to
to dispose of the
prove that
public lands
and unlimited.
common
While
legislation,
it
does not
now
exercise
one
now
This measure
is
wider in
its
applica-
amount, for the number of acres now proposed for all the States is
scarcely larger than have been donated to individual States. It is general and not local in its
reach.
If we have the power to make special
grants, in particular and individual cases, we certainly have the power, and it would be far more
just and expedient to exercise it, in its general application.
Pass this measure and we shall have
done
tions, but not
Something
see,
dumb, passed
cull
means
adopting efficient
bill
wider
to
in its
schools;
Something
common
to
dividends;
15
Something to check the passion of individuals,
and of the nation, for indefinite territorial expan-
now
Something to prevent the dispersion of our population, and to concentrate it around the best lands
all
Our
have a
Many of our
will
the
may thus locate said land scrip upon any of the unappropriated lands of the United States, subject to private
signees
source of
prolific
entry.
endowing
Here
agricultural colleges?
is
Sec.
of
neither
Without meaning
to
what man
is
there in the
not prefer,
if
my
express
I
whole
The
Sec
4.
And
be
to the
it
main forever undiminished (except so far as may be provided in section fifth of this act,) and the interest of which
shall be inviolably appropriated, by each State which may
take and claim the benefit of this act, to the endowment,
support, and maintenance of at least one college where the
leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific
Land
to
Office,
we
when
We shall
still
we
are not
related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such manner as the Legislatures of the States may respectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and
professions in
Sec.
5.
And
life.
be
it farther
enacted,
and land scrip hereby authorized shall be made on the following conditions, to which, as well as to the provisions
hereinbefore contained, the previous assent of the several
States shall be signified by legislative acts
may
it
arts.
mentioned,
it
which
it
belongs, so that
APPENDIX.
Be
moneys de-
chanic
all
be invested in stocks
of the United States, or of theiStates, or some other safe
stocks, yielding not less than five per centum upon the par
importance.
bill
the expenses
lands, previous
all
lions of acres.
tioned.
By
it
who would
be
ask,
And
3.
to those States in
fairer
it
esthetic
have no land,
be
the
who
And
Diedrich Knickerbockers,
2.
of our country
respectively entitled.
Sec.
five millions,
to
10
u
'
annual *;
1
ig
With their
other
opy of which
:
by mail
ileo.
by each, to
r
this ai
ivisiona of
i!.is
Blieh
all
the
the provisions of
'
at
riculti;;
Wi
bound to pay
any lands previoi
liall lis
reived of
have
double the
minimum
the quantity.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Which
price, in conge-
al!
the
Ss33>
Ant
o* co
Illl
I
0^
Hollinger Corp.