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  • José María Arguedas - Yawar Fiesta (Selections)

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    Gavin Michael
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    Selections from Arguedas's first major novel

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    José María Arguedas - Yawar Fiesta (selections)

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    Selections from Arguedas's first major novel

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    224 просмотров13 страниц

    José María Arguedas - Yawar Fiesta (Selections)

    Загружено:

    Gavin Michael
    Selections from Arguedas's first major novel

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 13
    NXawar Fiesta : JOSE MARIA ARGUEDAS ‘Translated by Frances Homing Barraclough Ey> University of Texas Pes, Austin Translator’s Note “The novel Yow Fest deveribes the socal relations between se (ral lanes of people in dhe Peruvian highland town of Pago in the ‘9205 and 1930s. ste story of ce diferent ways the upp ls, Inestizo, and Indians rected to the national goverament attempt tovsuppress the wadtional Indian-style bull Ie elects the de {ice to which che ations of ach group are deve from ts Indian or Spanish heritage an how each rece #0 soil shang. The ator, Joe Mara Atgucdas also meant wo show that te Indians could 3 omplish great deeds when they worked together, asin bullding a highway through the high Andes eo dhe cont, and even capri 4nd iling one of their demigo, he bull Mises “There are many diferent terms oth vespectfl and derogatory for these oups of people; names by which they cll themeelves and ‘names by which others call them Some of these ers Ihave tran Inte neo English others have Bee eft in their orga angus 3b ‘no English equivalent exit. The following outline may hep the ‘eader to sore them out Fo farther explanations ae the plssaty ‘THE CAST “The upper class of Puguio ‘As they cal hemaeves ‘as autoridades he ofa} Tas principales (the immporeane peopl, the leading citizens) 1s ara (le used o address amoral, sed inthe sense of “lon at "master ‘As the Indias all thom: 1 autoridad (the authority) werak'oca te name ofthe Isa! supreme gd tay itis the ‘uivalent of wor a respec ele of adress ‘mists although tis the Quechua word for “wh,” tis used ‘oy Indtane for upper-class people of boos white and mixed noo) asthe “ee, comesponds to Quechua tem for unmaried Jedlakana (a derogatory Quecha word meaning “te pected ot ‘aked ones’ the persons zeteeed to have notes of mutual ‘gations with te Indan sommensty, this could be aplied forthe upper class onto the meses) ‘exiranguero™ the Kreger outsides of ranges] “The mestios (persons of mixed Indian and white ancestry] ‘As they call themsslves os stores oe wecins a term from the Spanish colonial period, i og: ally meant yeole who owed house les, harp 0 8 ture eat oa eh town comin land, and were permitted to ‘ote, in this bonk they are called tows citizen, wwnsmen, oF Towoepeople, Town, st used here, des not ince the Indians wo ive inthe town. Vecin snot ail tern As the upper las ell hem "os velnas Ios mestizos 1s choos [a derogatory tem for mestizos or Indians who have dopted the speech and dress ofthe Were clue) ‘As the nian cll he ‘umpa-mtss[hal-miseis “chon the Indian promencation ofthe word cols) “The Indians ‘As they call hemacives "Varavot Alsalde the Chet Stathere, the head of the Indian ‘til rligios erates, ee mayor af he indian community) varoyak,voray una stalfbeating Indian leaders, members of ‘he hierarchy in which aman proceeds upward by pesfoming Suectssrvely more dificult duues, higher ones have Been ‘led "slecaea her) rnarurales natives, “or they never call themselves Indians" na [a man) anole (people) ‘Punaranas puna-dwellers, people who live onthe high, bleak ‘plans punacumuntna (puna community members} tayta father, oan equivalent of sear, seo ie aytacho, “honored iis sometimes mistakenly ranspced in Sp ish padeect, "ee lather" ‘mama mother, mamach ay or man) ar (a beave man As ocers al them ‘ndligenas (alte term meaning indigenows people] ‘comuneros members of at Indah comune ancertaos [indians who hae lft hei community and serve in their isis house all thet lives in exchange for food, loeking and small sonal sry calons (sets, Indian Belonging 0 hacienda) sents feathers) Indios Heian) cholo, “chalor” ‘usnacos (animal similar to llamas Inthe original novel the Indians speak strange kindof Spanish ‘sed on theirown language, Quechua. Tobe fitful to the author nent, tried orellec this to some eaceat in tet English dalogoe ‘Arguedss sites of is own diel in determining how they Should tak inthe artele tha follows: Te Noel snd the Prolera (of Literary Expression in Peru” “The novel Yaar Feta as fst published in 1942, The article “Puguo: A Culture in Process of Change” which sneha i his volume, was witien by LMA fom an anthropological and miso Topical pont of view and describes the same town 4 exist mote than a decade ater, showing changes that resulted fom he busing, ‘Ole highy tothe cous For encoutaping me to wanslate the Puquo article wish to thank Jon v Mara at well x Patricia Netbely, who clic several an Uhropologieal and linguistic points 1 also acknowledge the skill Ssssanceof Cela and Flix Palacios and of Fredy Roncalla who ex planed Quechaa terms, Peruvian turn of phase and Anan social fiewtions. Finally Tam gatful eo Martin Wolt Claire Esenbar ad “Margaret Adams for making many useful edlusial suggestions 1. Indian Town ‘Amid fics of lfalis and patches of wheat, road beans and barley, (ons raged hillside isthe town, "rom the Sillaayok’ Pass one can see ehre streams that flow lover and loser together ar they nea the valley ofthe peat rer ‘Thestcams plunge down ou ofthe puna through step channel ‘but then spread out to cross plain uneven enough to hold « mal lake, the plain ens, dhe nvers courses byoken again apd the water apes tumbling down fom one waterall to ane ut i eaches {thebortom of the valley “The town looks big a i follows the spe ofthe mountain from the banks ofa stream, where eucalyptus tees grow the ld rots tise upto thetop ofthe ge a the tp they come to an end because Giro Bolivar the steet where the leading sizes live ison the fidge and there the rots are white, of corrugated in_On the oun {aun Hanks, almost without stream haley field, with Large ‘oral where cushion plants and leay poppe res grow, the houses ff dhe comuners in the ays of Pago resemble an Idan town, Tndan town, om the mountainside, by stream. "rom the Silanaol Dass one can sce thee aylius:Pchk’achun, Kayan Chaupi “Tndan twa exelaim the teelrs when they teach this sus mit and spy Puguio. Some speak coneempesoly, on the soma {he coateal people shiver with cold od uy “anda own” Hh leak eng af be Ades Trane cans int ine helo omni an mene Bun the cout here eno mountain pases. They oot knew Jyoti oe ok tom lt Armee ig chy arom the Iighways because the routs widen when town x los yo rom theo of te fgade as ay hacen, om theo fhe bart tha fla with tance osc uta rom afro 2 tnouotinep whee theese ge heaps of stones the tees Kea ante play anal lnayom gue on catano oon {Stroma folk own upon ura ge wie tower td sone and line, texte ed oastop song the slope on he Biri te valley where of ter wih wide steak fe, Arte th kes an bck wa sunng inthe sky over the town, edn aml guns condor ho pcs seat wih win Siete to ea the ering of ster and he barking ofthe "ro wach che ovale Ande st fr swe the mountain {pro ing wih yh something tone who liven the costal town cannot a “Three aylls ean be sce fom Sillanayok’ PichV'achur, Kaya, chau. Tce towers, thee square, eee Indian neighborhoods. Because they are pretentious, the Chaupis rooted thet eapel with fin, From Sllanayok one cn se the Chaups chapel, ext toa bit ‘one, Tooks long and glesming, wi ts squat white ower. “that ay the comaneros Wom the other neighborhoods. “It looks ikea ett church" "Bu the Chaope are proud oftheir chapel “Better than a mit on,” ey 8 Coming in by the Silanayl’ ros, the town begins on the banks of Cullahora Creel withthe ayy of Puce achum. Thee are novel “Sreets anywhere, the comaneros ave put op their houses ay place ‘that sited whem: oma lite slope, na good place, with around of “uate coral, but ith some sgn by which they can recognize It inom the mountains. On che aside whitened wall, low dow, a window or two, smtmes «stone bench bu agaist che wal, n> "de there ia porch wit seo ills esting on white stone bases Stone end of the poh a dividing wal forthe kitchen. By ee crt > tnd sng ad anc i gin — Aor 4 tot enema tate ahaa ter ae yada peon of aici ln, sean oro cle, ho han sao Somnath eon (Gacy, sly sad cme) ace elma tn Alba t ‘ean inGuchen sy aom ary mop thn ewe ‘ac pe Wester clare ee Pag sre, Tso ther ea tien Tans a wall, eside the house ori the mide ofthe pati, a esl pepper {tee gives shae in che morning and inthe afternoon, the bens up tito the pepper tces at midday and drowsy inspect sherselve for fleas, The house Tools are always made of tle ales made by dhe Wllanas and the Kaya, che rots ae streaked with ime and in the middle of each roltop there is an tom cross That haw dhe ‘ayau and Pichk’achut neighborhoods ate, from Guon Bova to Cullahora Ceeek- Coming sn fom the coast one enters the town ‘rough these ays indian wa” “The whole slope is full of houses snd corals, occasionally the ‘traveler comes upon winding suet wide inane place, nati sa other the stret disappears where tf cut of by a bean ot Barley eld and reappear larher ang. The wavelet climbs the bil, now and chen leaping over imigation dices ined with sore and green frase. Once he mass the top of the hill there sre narrow coboled Ties with white stone sidewalks te shops with deplay counters resting on mid rik benches. On the counters there ste betes $ugareane liquor, mounds of bres, bras assorted colors forthe In dian women, wiate shite buttons, candles soap, and sometimes length of shining and ears cotton cloth, Iie the meso pace, 14S'not fr Indian comaneros or prominent cin that is whete the “chalos” live the shops belong tothe halrearte women who ‘wear pereale clothing and sta hats ‘Alloa sudden, om reaching the top ofthe il, ne comes onto Ginn Boia “hat” the strangers exclaim in surprise Forthis is the steet ofthe taxpaying property ovens, of che lead ing citizens. A lang nasrow, well-kept sce with sidewalks of pol shed stone. Giron Bolivar begins atthe Plaza de Arias, goes oa foe {yee of four Mocks, and then drops down nto 4 wide faving ad Stops atthe square ofthe Chaupscommuniy. At that end of Gin Bolfar there i+ big fountain wth four water tps; evond that the Chaupi oyllt squae with its tnvoaed chapel There re ‘Alberta lndan statue made of alaymosca stone, andthe hse sock Makulrami, whichis the neighborhood otean Farther aon. "ight out i dhe open Bel is he Indian town of Chap From one omer ofthe Chavpi aguate Calle Derecha takes ot ke oo epee pasha che Haan atte ithe ea ‘lan ft won fore ongation of Girén Bolivar, but Calle Dereca isan indian street “Oa the other ede of Cin Bolivar on theta slope ofthe ll es the community of Wllana llana cannot be sen fom Silana ok; the hall desc Like Pehk'echo, Wllna end ata stream, {he Yalpu The own beans and ends with seams, ‘On Girin Bolivar the smportant people make tei homes, there they Live all ear around. The other so zens houses are also on {Giron Bolivar, there are the bars where they get drunk, chats where {he allatd parlor the pharma, sd dhe sere are located “what” say the strangers a they come out onto Giron Bola. ‘Well suits the mists’ tates The doors ae geen, blue and yellow most al of the houses ae ewo stories high, with balconies {ha shade he sidewalks The stees are arrows at lght, when they chase one ance, the cats leap seost from one to! 0 a tebe Bur the strets ae eralgt, the steep ones andthe level ones Se all straight, andthe dtehes tht ran down the midle of the trees are well pave wie stone, fom all he etry ways ite cha pela ran out to dese ditches, "The Plans de Armas alo Belongs othe prominent citizens, even mare so than Gaon Bolivar ft the Plaza de Armas satin the cen {ero town, Arone end of Cirdn Bolivar is he Chaupl square atthe ‘other the Plaza de Armas, beyond the Pla de Armas ther = no ‘hore town, Oa the Plaza de Armas stand he best houses in PugUo, that’s where the mist tamsics who ‘have friends in Lima ive foreignes"dhelndlan comimeros call hems — the showst, lightest calored ils On the Plaza de Armas are the main ehurc, with is Saat tower of white stone, the Subpreectre he headquarters of the Civil Guar the Cour of Fist Instance, the Pubbe School for Boys, the Town Hall, the jl, the pen for stray cate all the “tuthorties who setve the leading eizens ll the ours all the eople with which they make themselves respected, with which hey command Ti dhe ld ofthe Plaza theres a concrete fountain, and around tne fountain a ical garden with grass, yellow lowes, and pre Age Af he foe ofthe Town Hall eps is another water fountain, Beyond the Plas de Armas there fo move town, Citon Bolivar comes oan end ee Plaza 4 ole fhe up, a sep yer arn +The Peruvian ations] pole force —Teans “That is why Ginn Bolivar is ike a snake that cuts the town in to, the Plaza de Armas lke the heal of the ake, thete ae the teeth he ef the head, the tongue—ial, animal pound, Subpetec: ture, Court; the body ofthe snake ie Gi Bolivar ‘Day and night, dhe mportant people live on Cats Rola there Ley Sek one smother ove stall Took ne anther in the eye, all love, get drunk, hac each the, and ht On Giedn Bolivar thet en yell aelicion time, here they yo around in gangs, eee at thei politcal pponcats sometimes Uy get so angry hey kick one other and even pull she cobblestones cto the gud sd crack fach others heads with them. When the young people show of their lothes, when they are happy, they de thes hoses rom ane ed of Gon Baivar tothe other, with thee Boies erect, tir eas held high, veining in the horses sharply and making them ear at every ‘Girt Bolivar is ls the fs place to whieh dhe important people from atherdveets come. They rie from one end of the ste to the other, ingling their slver spurs, puting thet oacal stds hrouph thet paces. After delivering presents to the Subpeiet and the Jude, the district personages gee drank on “ine” guar a the ool hall andi the gus" stores. ln the evening, the mists congregate in the billad parlor there ‘hey play asin, dee, and sever-andstall, dey tle until mid righ and pet drank "The muti ie up and down chat sret, aging and growing fat, from the time they'e bom unl they de ?Puguo iss new eown forthe mists. About y00 yest ago, ive or take lite the mists eae to Pao fom other towne whet they had mining business. Before tht all of Puguio was an nian town, Tn the four ayilus nobody but Indians lived. From time to time the ‘mists would come in search of peous forthe mins, seeking prov sons and worsen “The other towns atound Fuquio ar on mountainsides fll of mine shaft, along ll ofthe streams tat bring water tothove towne od ‘te mills are tumbling downy che oltre milled silver thet, “Those towns are named for ents thes vucet ae wide, thet Plcas

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