Ml TRO TON THAT THUYET TRONG Lice sb DAN TOc . DINH XUAN CG, a8 ae namie cia Too That "Thuy ét gin bo véi cude du traab anh ding cia dan tge ta ching tel sir xim luge va nd djch ea thye dan Phap trong hal thap kj eubi thé ky XIX: Nhung do Ong sng va hoat dong trong mot thoi dai phite tap, day bién dng cia lich sit din te, e& tinh cia Ong Iai cO mbang net bide bign quyét ligt khée tudng nen Khi cds ‘sng Va gay c& sau khi da chét Tén That Thuvét luda lun 1a 46i trong vu cio, bbi mho eda nhong phin tie e6ng ddi, 0 tink yng ding, bia dit ohiu chuytn phi ly a& Tam Iu. mg pb’m chit 20 dep trong con ngudi ong, dong thoi. bitn chink cho hank -dong @u bang gife, phan bgi din t9é cis ebang. Dwi con mat cia bon gite va be 10 tay sai, Ton That Thuyét hign-ra nh emt quyen than v6 hoe >, «tai nding tht kem ma Iai ohat gan cho nén da ngbi va hay chém giét®, cxira ‘hay chi My quy8i thé ma de nén-nguai ta; hoi mot ti thi lay sux chem gigt tam oai? (1); hoe 12 mot ngudi «khong thire thi? chen mbit, dao ngi>@). Tuy vay khong phii khong eb ¥ kidnken Ong ld echdn thinb yeu muro, Ta emOt bac ngudi e6 tai tei & diong th tinh tinh rét evong ewong vO doin, v. nhung ngay sau 46 ho lal d§t gid thist sic mii tiy {hdi, co hoi chi ngbia 1A ¢Néa aby Sau Ie chéng ey ri mA thAt thé bei bind Thuyét chiu ra bing pho Bao ho, ¢6 18 cing Guge Bio hd trong dai”: Phai tir saw khi hda Dink lap Ipi trén mitn Bie nude ta (1954) moi e6 mot s6 nba nghian eit cha ¥ d& efp toi va 1A sing 18 vai trd “tich eye eta Ton That Thuyét trong cuge dé traph cda nhin daa ta chéng zim luge Phip aS bio yb de Mp dan tye di cusi thé AF XIX Nhin chung cho ti nay vite danh gié Tox “That Thuyét cting bur mot 96 van dd lich six ve6 lita quan 4én eupe doi vA sip nghitp cba 6g vin chia thye sy thOng abit ¢ kign va 1 AM NGUYEN VAN KHANH ein duge (rao 48i nhidu hon. Nguyém aha. ciia tinh trang @ chi yéa 1 do cach nhin nhan va quan nigm cia nhing ngadi nghitn cau. Ninwag mOt phan nda khong kém quan {rong 14 vidab tradg tir lige aghéo nim, mbit khi Iai thi6u xi¢ thye. VI vay elm phai ra xét Iai ede ngudn tir ligu da dang va phic tap high ¢6, két hep vél vite tlép tye thu thap cic tir ligu mdi, obit 1& ty liga dita tra thye té, nhim b3 sung cho ete nguda tw ligu thir ich, tren co 88 €6 A6i chiga vohyeu cBu trung tlm cid thoi dai va Neh-sit dtm toe. d& Kidm chitng Iai cac abtn diab cf, 03 ging di toi nhimg nhin’ dink ding dfn x& st hop. we ‘Ton Tivit Thoyét sinh ngiy 29 thing 3 nam KY hot (125-1639) lat thon Pha Mong. 3a Xvan Long. nay thudo think ph8 Hug Ginn ly Blab Te} Thien).- Xuat thin trong mpt gia dinh hang te. thage dig ho Nguyia dang elm quyén. Ton That Tiuyét 6 nhitu thudat lei hon 36 ‘voi ngwoi khae trba con dudng cong danh, sv rnghigp. Nhirag 86 si Ong mhanh chéng think cong tren bean 1d, chil y6u Th do se 6 ging va nling luc cia bin thin. Duong thoi Ton Thit Thuyét thudng durge goi lie Quan Tuong? (4B phan bigt voi « Quai Guin, chi Nguyén Van Teong) nen cb ngéi Tim wong ong xudt than ti quan “v3. hoe hank it. The ra ong von 1a mot quan vin. Nim 1860 Ong lam An sit tinh Hai Duong. aga nim 1870 do yeu chu ca tinh hink mdi ong chay®n sangiam quan vo cing voi Thong dée quaa vy Hoing Ts Viem phy trich wie tigu phi tren ving bién gidi phia Bie OD.” Trong cong thc, Ong {8 ra ning nd, hing hai, Igi ld eo mou nba duege thing hire rit nhanh. Nam 1870 Ong Jam Tan trong qua” vo Son Tay, sau duge cit lim Tax Ij quan the Thai Nguyen, edi BS chinh Hai Dizong, Ba nim sau (1873) Ong lam Them’ tin quis vo. kitm Tham tei BO Binh, Num 1875 Omg12 duge cit quytn Tang d6c bén tinh Ninh—Th Lang - Binh "Bic Nich, Thai Nguyen, Long Son, Cao Bang), sku do dwge bd ehite Hip ase quan vy. Chink vua Ty Bite myc di ludn Iudn 6 thai 49 khe khat voi Ton That Thuydt, o6 hic ché Ongeit hoc, khong théng, Iai cd tinh nong niy, n6i cin? hofe (9) -cing 06 Bin bude phi khen pgla tong c6 uy vai% 18) tei déng khen?(), €Khong phéi Licudng ding nhur Ong feh Khiem, it hoc whe Treong Yan BE, cho nén Le Twain cng nieng khen li pie eC, ‘Ton That Thoyét thudng xuyén quan tam 101 cong vige phong thi dit nude. Vao nim 3873 thiy 15 fim muu den (6i eda the dan Phép dang lim Ie kéo quin ra danh chiém mitn Bac, Ong d& chi dong lim sé tu v8 irign: «Ha Ngi 1a mot trin lin & Bie Ky, rat quan_yéu, xin chun cho quan Kham mang Ja Nguy8n Tri Phuong, vB trGn tr}, cho noi sin ban duge ving? ®), Dén khi thanh Ha Noi bj that thé (20-11-1873), rBi che tinh Hung, én, Phi Ly, Hai Duong, Ninh Binh, Nam Dink n6i tiép nhau roi vao tay gitle, mje di cha ¢6 leah cia Tritu dink, érg da bing hai cng Hoang Té Yiem kéo quan tir Son ‘Tay wW phdi hop, voi doi quan Co den cia Lau Vinh Phic € phye kieh duh tan gutn Phap & tran Cau Giay (21-12-1872), tén dai ty, Phringti Gaenié phi dn t0F tsi trgn. Nhung To ngai thue dan Phap phaa tng. Ty Bite 4a XOi oi ngudi di_gtp tr Hué ra déi hai Ong phai-rét quan. Ton That Thuyét da khang Khai n6it €Twong & ngosi chi bist lo: vie danh gite? ("), dai phai vién cia Ty Dire 1a Yguyén Trong Hop va'Trwong Gia Hoi phai (i-quan thi ban bac, thuyét phyc, *Hoing ‘Ta Viem va Ton That Thuyé mo! then nghe, déng dink bit ddpg? (4). ~ * Trong thoi gian nay cO mot str kien cain duge lm séng (3. Theo si triu NguyBn.ngim 1874 khfnghe tin van than ya nhén dan Nghe Tinh duéi sy link dgocia Trin Tan vi Ding Nhw Mai soi ndi ding lén « chénglaived Tritu Win Tay », Ton That Thuyét lap ttte dva quan tir Bic v40 dan 4p, duge, Tw Dic khen 1a e6 Jong voi nba vua> C9), Nhung clin ct who mot 36 t2i ligu clid ote gido si Phapduge chirng kin trie ti€p cude khdi nghia nay tht dur Tug chang cho Ii éng ta (chi Tén That Thuy 6t — 1G) se ding v8 phia nhOng ngwoi andi loga & Nghe An va mé dong cho ngbia quan tién ra Bac >t"), Cang vai céc tai ligu dd, két qua ditu, tra thye dia trong nhtn dan ving Thanh Chuong (Ngh¢ Tinh) cdng vie aban § kién trén cho ring ©Ton thit Thayét Nghién cit Uch sk sb 6-1985> yao Nghe An voi denh nghfa 1a dan ép, nhung. est dB tgp xe va ye ligp gidp dd nghTa quan» (), Hign nay chéng ta chwa cé ditu: ign k6t lon v2 thai 6 that sw eda Ton That Thuyét 46i voi cuge khdi nghta, Song mot -digu co thd khang dinh Ja khku hia “Binh Tay sit (4 eda cud khOi nghia mhét dinh duge Ong dong tinh va tim céch dng ho. Dén nim 1878 Ong xin ve nghi tal Thanh Hoa 42 cha benh. Nhung thing 8 aim 1881 do Unh hinh nade ta Ie ay 6 nhita khO: khan v8 nOi tri vA ngoai gio, Ty Bike phai goi Ong ra nhan chite Thugng the BO Binh phu trach toin bo vige quan eda Tritu dink. Nam 1883 ng duge cir vao Vign Co mét.Khi Ty Dire ehét (17-7-1883) Ong Iai dege cit Lam Phy ‘chinh cing voi Trdn Tin Thanh va “NguyBn Van Twong cing ding vige nude khi vua con it tui, Vira nd e& quyén chinh tri va quan sy trong tay, Ong git vai trd dic Dig quan-trong, c6tinb chat quyét dinh trong, itu hai a6. Tridu din Hue Iie pay vo cing rO1 ren. ‘Tren da thang thé, the dan Php ngay c&ng- Kin ti, bit ép Tritu dink ky Hoa wée Qui moi (25-£-1888), Bi dén Hoa uée Gidp than (6-0-1884) ting bude xic Mp. va hoin chinb. ata Bio h@ cid chiing trén tobn bo d&t nude- ta. Trong khi G6 pai khing chién do Ton ‘That Thuyét cm dau vin bi mat ebvan bj Iue lugng, mo «duong Uhweng dao, ‘gap rit xy dyng mot bg théng ddn sd, syn phong doc theo diy Truéng Son, chuytn sing dan, dai bie, kho ting, Itong thye racéin eit Tan So (Quing Tr), réo riét chite va day manh Juygn tap ede doi quan Phén NghTa va Dod Kigt vav... cho ngdy «s6ng mai? voi quan thi. ‘Ton Thit Thayét cdn cuong quyét phé truét va thi tity cde Ong vua eO xu hudng thin *- Phap nhw Dye Die, Higp Hida, Kién Phuc. node thing tay tring tri bon quan lei va than veong e6 bamh dong dau bang, “than Phép- nhir git Tran Tién Thanh, day di xa Tay L¥~ vuong, Gia Hung Quin wong. Lie nay thye dan Phap tidy rd Ton That ‘Thuyet It rd ngai én mbst cho vite thue hign Am muu thon tink Vigt Nam cia chin, nen chéng ttm moi céch gat b3 "ong ra khdi Trita dink, Ngdy 21-51885 BO trudng BO Ngoai gino Ph&p Frayxiné itn cho Tra ait Php & Hué: «Khong tht khong tring phot hanh viieta vien Thuong dir BO Binh nude Nam... Ong bio cho Tritu dink nue &6 biét ring ching ta khong tht ehiu duge vite Tox ‘That Thuyét cdn gid chite Phy chdnh lix hon rita, dng phdi d6i hoi nguoi ta Dai ebife vie ay va dwa di xa”,M6i quan be gia phéi chi chién trong ‘“Tridu dinh Hué voi be 1a thyc din Phip va ay sai di trd nen cing thing eve 44. Gita Iée 46 tong gige DO CuBoxi dua quan tt ngoal Bie vao Kinh thanh Hu$ (2-7-1885) voi § Gah 10 ret 1A gip rat bop ehét Ive hong chéng Phép con sot lgi trong Tritu dinh, bé ‘tri bit edo va néu cin thiét tha titu Ton That ‘Thuyét. Mot thay thude ngudi Phip cb mat tai Hué ie fy 1A Manggianh trong bite thu dB ngiy 20-7-1885 giti cho ban da khang dink: » €De Cubcxy 14 mot phan ti digm cudng theo chit nghld thon tinh». Tinh hinh efip bach 46 Due Td That Thuyét va ede dng chi -elia ong pha hénh dong trwréc, khong th® bi dong ngdi che ké thi titu digt: Dem 1-7-1885 gj dung léc bon thuc dan cha quan dang say ava yén tige trong toa Khim si bén bo nam. ssdng Huong, dng di ra Igah cho binh linh * ‘audi quy’n nd sing tin cOng vio Ae cin ct dong quin ela gije Phap. Cude chién au ifn ra vO cing Ac ligt. Nhungedo vige obuln bj chua tht si chu dao, hon nita nim trong AhE bj dong myc da cé'¥ musn gidnh phan ehi dong,.cuge tin cong 4a that bai nhanh ‘chong. Ngay sau dé Ton Thét Thuyét phai dura Ham Nghi ra soa phong Tan Sé (Quing ‘Tri), ri déa son_phong Pha Gia (Ha Tink) va lay danh nghia nh vua ra Ii keu gol ‘vin than, 31 pha eiing voi nhan dan ed mde ding 1én giap vua, eu nude, chéng Jai bon xam lirge Phép, khoi phuc nén die lap din ‘toe. Hurdng irng chigu Cin veong, mét oxo trdo yeu nude ching Phip 43 duoc phat dong, mani’ me va kip thoi trong e& nude. «Anh huéng cia Too That Thuyét nh JA ting Ie hang ngiy 19). Ditu do chi 06 thd Ahich duge'ti vite lam hgp lbag dan eiia dng. Thyc das Phap va tay sal da Gita cudng phan ‘ng Iai, raste dy mand vie sin lang, khiing b6 nbting ngudi yeu nude. Teidu dink ‘Dong Khénh mdi wos @¥1 len sau ay digo Kinh thank da rf «Dy v8 vige dinh. céch thudng cho vite redo git vua ve va bar nghich Thuyét yét céo khdp noi th Quang ‘Tri vO -phin Ble... ai hay bay ké trye tigp dca x¢ ua ra giao cho quan quia rude v2, ‘thudag cho ham Chinh nhj phim, tn. phong tudo Nam. Nhu da ¢@ ehite ham te, ng0 phim td len ri, whl ham thudog cng mb thé. Chémh bj lat gia phong cho tude BA; b&t ‘s6ng duge Ton That Thuyét thudng 1.000 lang bac, chem duge thudng 890 lang? (!"). ude hawk trinh cia vua Ham Ngbi, Too ‘That Thuyét cing v6i dam tay ting’ theo durong thugng dao t san phdng Quang Tri za soa phong Ha Tinh vO cing glan khd, Bigt treve ‘ditu 46, tebe gid len duong, ‘Ton That Thuyét 44 thd tft ohn tink. hoan foan dua vio tinh than ty aguyéa cia bine Tinh duéi quyn : «Cha nao Ina me edn cha, Tawong con nbd vg, vay ma eho lui. Ra di khong khée ayt sii, Lan ghtah xasog R6'téi Jui khd Tong 2"). ‘Thé nhwng me gid-cing v6I vg con ong vin sla stag theo Ong i khing chién; a ri ong (Vin Thj Thu) va vg Oog (Le Thi Tha phai ch8t doe dong vi lam son chuéng Khi. con trai Ong ngwoi th! bj giét kbi bio ve vu, (Ton That Titp), mguoi tht te sét Khi thify vite Ion khOng thanh’ (Tén Thét Dam). Néa chang ta Diét them -rlng this sinh Ong 14 Ton Thét Binh vi tud! eso ste yéu-néa Khong true’ tép cm quan duge phwng rit tha thanb vite 1am ofa eon; sau Cy bj git Phap bit trtn dong chay theo vaa Him Nghi ‘ay ra COn Dio, vi doe dudng di Cy bj dm chét, bj ném xe xuOng bien: cée em Ong }a: Ton That Le da chi huy dao quam * tan cong vio cha ct toa Kham st vao dem 4-7-1885 tai Hu: Ton Tht Ham git ehte Tri phi Nong Céng (Taanb Hoa) 48 b5 quan phong trio Can vuong trong tinh. sau bi gic bit due Mi an tri, éng tuyet thee én chét: 2 con Ong: Ton That Hoang tham gia chOng Phép, bj day chét Lao Bio; Toa That Trong tham gia phong trio -Ddag Du: eb th8 khing djoh ring gia dioh Ton Thst Thuyét 14 mot gia dink o6-truytn thong yeu muréo, va ml ngudi tay theo tai ming, sire lye d& d6ng gép pin xwong miu ede mink vao cng cue chéng ngoai xtm ofa dam t0e. Gite Phap va bon phong kién tay sai long lon dy manh vite tray ling, ching pboag bSt dao quan nay dén dgo quin khic 4 stu vio mitn rimg néi Ha Tinh —Quing Bish hong bit coe Ham Nghi va «tu Trite dink » ca Ong do Ton That Thuyét cdm div. Thang 3 nim 1886 tude nb@ng khO kh ngiy cing 16, Ong giao cho hai con trai 1a Too Thit Dam va Toa Thit Titp cing vai ofc quan & tsi bdo vg vua, cdn Ong theo durong thugng @go sang Trung Quée clu vign. Trén dudng di Ong tranh thi gip go nhaog thé Vinh yeu nude § che djs phrong @® cing v6 hg ban bge ké hogch phéi hop danb Phip nhw Cim BS Thuée, Ha Vin Mao, Téug Duy ‘Tan 6 Thanh Hoa, Déo Vin Tri 6 Lai Chiu... Plu nim 1887 Ton That Thuyét dén ving Hoa Nam (Trung Quée). Nhung Tie may phong ign nha “Thanh da ky Qui ude Taiéa Tan ban r8 Vigt Nam cho Phap neo ho eS tink