PART Il ALTERNATING CURRENT ~~ MACHINESALTERNATING - CURRENT GENEMATORS 7-1) A 3G-POLE ALTERNATOR 1S OPERATED AT 200 RPM. WHAT FREQUENCY 15. GENERATED? GIVEN: ‘SOLUTION. 236 POLE = PXRPM S= 200 RPM nee FREQUENCY ; #? f= 60 CYCLE 7-2) AT WHAT SPEED SHOULD A SIX-FOLE ALTERNATOR GE DRIVEN TO DEVELOP 40 Cr¢LES? GIVEN, SOLUTION: : F=6 FOE 2 Px RPM f= 40 CYCLES 120 wea. term = (40)( 120) SPEED , RPM? @ RPM = 800 RPM 7-3] AN ALTERNATOR OPERATES AT A SPEED OF 176-5 RPM. HOW MANY POLES DOES IT HAVE IF THE VOLTAGE IS GENERATED AT 50 CYCLES? eIveN SOLUTION : S= 116-5 KEM P= #% 120 f= 50 cyCLrs PM Reed, 50 * 120 FOES, P=? 6-5 34. POLES 7-4] CALCULATE THE AVERAGE VOLTAGE GENERATED IN A SIX-TURN FULL- PITCH COIL OF A 25 CYCLE ALTERNATOR if THE FLUX PER POLE 13 72 * 10° MAXWELLS. GIVEN: SOLUTION N= G TURNS Fe 2S CYCLE Woe 272 X10" MAXWELLS i Eve = 4-52 VOLIS TKEOD. AVERAGE VOLTAGE. GENERATED ae Eave= Eave. = FNQ * 10% Ewe = G29) (672x105) xALTERNATING — CURRENT GENERATORS 7-8) IN PROB 4, WHAT IS THE EFFECTIVE VOLTAGE IF THE WAVE FoWM 15 SINUSOIDAL? SOLUTION LET E= 1S THE EFFECTIVE VOLTAGE Es Hl Eave Ee IM x 4.32 E= ¢8 VOLTS T-G}IF THE ALTERNATOR OF PROG. 4+ HAS A TOTAL OF 240 COILS AND THE WINDING 1S Y- CONNECTED, WHAT IS THE EFFECTIVE VOLTAGE BETWEEN TERMINALS ? (NEGLECT THE PHASE DISPLACEMENT OF SERIES - CONNECTED COILS IN THE SAME POLE -PHASE GlOUP) GIVEN: N= 240 TURNS Y- CONNECTED 8 A (LE QUIRED: EFFECTIVE VOLTAGE BETWEEN TERMINALS *E” ? SOLUTION: Y-CONNECTION 15 A 3-PHASE WINDING, SO THE EFFECTIVE VOLTAGE BETWEEN ‘TERMINALS 1S MULTIPLY BY {B | AND ron Every GROUP THERE AME Two COILS. Cc ‘THEN, Ea4-44fN Ox 10° xfS xz € = 4-44) (25) (240) (5)(7-2 x10*) (107%) E = (552) (2) E= 664 VOLTSALTERNATING - CURRENT GENERATORS 7-7] A 72-SLOT STATOR HAS A HALF-COLED FOUR-POLE THREE - PHASE WINDING . HOW MANY COILS ARE THERE (@) PER PHASE (b) FER GROUP? GIVEN SINCE , THERE ARE 72 SLOT AND S=72 SIS IT IS A HALF COILED , THE cons P=4 POLE PER fHASE IS; 3 PHASE WINDING HALF- COILED REQD: ) COILS FER PHASE Gp = 12 COUS/, L) COS PER GROUP a) = 72 SLOT “Z SLOTS, -X 3 PHASE Yeon re Q)NOTE THAT THERE ARE FOUR GROUPS SOLUTION: LET. Y= i cous % = Cols FER PHASE 4 GmourS o, = 3 Cols, Ye= cons Fer nour Ye Yerour 76) A 144-SLOT STATOR HAS A WHOLE COILED I2-FOLE THIEE - PHASE WINDING - CALCULATC THE NUMBER OF COILS: @) PER PHASE () PER erour. GIVEN: S=14¢ SLOT P= 12 POLES WHOLE COIL ,3 PHASE WINDING %= Q) COILS PER. PHASE 144 Stor VSLOT/ x Ss , Yeo. * * PHASE reQ’D Bx 48 cos NUMBER OF COILS P Puase Q) PER FHASE -¥) COS FER GROUP b) Pen GrovP ) ae Y= 46 Gy oe SOLUTION: [2 POLES THERE I$ 1 SLOT, OR of = + os, : Veou %e Yerour A WHOLE COIL. WINDING 7-9) A 90-SLOT STATOR HAS A THREE. PHASE SIX-FOLE WHOLE- COILED WINDING , EACH COIL OF WHICH SFANS FROM SLOT 4 To SLOT 14- CALCULATE : (@) THE PITCH FACTOR ; (b) THE DISTRIBUTION FACTOR,ALTERNATING — CLIRRENT GENERATORS CONT. OF PROD + 7-9 GIVEN S= 90 SLOT P= 6 POL” WHOLE~ COILED WINDING SPAN FIOM SLOT 1 To 14 TEQ’D: (Q) PITCH FACTO “Kp” (b) DISTTUBLTION FACTOR “Ka” FIGURE: 90 SLOTS, 6 POLES , SPAN 170.14 SOLUTION (oe sin (nd‘/2) “nx sin (372) WHERE: n= NUMBER OF SLOTS PER PHASE PER POLE Ky =n ae 2 WHEE: SPAN.OF THE COIL IN ELECTRICAL vEeREES (@) THE COIL PITCH = 15, BECAUSE THE SPAN IS FROM SLOT 1 10 14 P= RATIO OF COIL FITCH x 180° "= NUMBER OF ELECTIICAL DEGREES BETWEEN ADJACENT SLOTS, You 20 215 013/ aa POLE AT 90 SLOT ow 6 POLE 6 90 fe ae wa eG. Kp = SIN P" = SIN 156" * = Kp= SIN 76° Kp= 0-978 wo", d “yp 72" BETWEEN sLoTs 20 Bao 2H S10] Ts ax ous rast Kix sin Gxi2i/2 5 x smn (ie) Ket = 0.5 = 0.957 0.6226 7-10} ‘THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION |S GIVEN IN CONNECTION WITH AN ALTERNATOR = CoLa6 ; SLOTS = 144 5 POLES =8 ; MPM=900 5 TURNS PER 1 b= 18 x 10% 5 COIL SPAN = SLOTS 1 T0 16 3 WINDING = WHOLE - COILED THITE-PHASE 5 WINDING CONNECTION = STAR - CALCULATE + (a) THE VOLTAGE FER PHASE ; (6) THE VOLTAGE BETWEEN TERMINALSALTERNATING = CURRENT GENEIATOS CONT. OF PROB. # 7-10 GIVEN: SLOT = 144 sin (nd“/2) P = 68 POLES “hx sind/2 SFEED= 900 RPM sin (6 x 10/2) Turns / COIL = 6 = G sin 10/2 g =18x 10 Kd = 0.956 COIL SPAN= SLOT 170 16 WINDING = WHOLE COILED, 3 PHASE , STAR CONNECTION A) Ey = F44 ENG Kp kd x10"? E/y = ¢-+4N60)(2ee)(I-8x10°) (0.966)(0.986) x 10°* mrad: Hi = 1275 VOLTS ©) CALCULATE. THE VOLTAGE Per PHASE b) VOLTAGE BETWEEN TERMINALS b) VOLTAGE BETWEEN TERMINALS SOLUTION: LET: Efe VOLTAGE FER PHASE % T/p = VOLTAGE BETWEEN TERMINALS f= Fx RPM 120 8 *900 * “Teo f= 60 CYCLE SINCE THEME ARE (44 SLOTS , THERE WILL BE A TOTAL OF I44 cols FOR WYE. - CONNECTION FOR A WHOLE COIL WINDING Ey iy THUS ; 144 COILS =. *46 ¥ (i275) Ol uase ~ 5 PHASE *A ‘ £ FIG: 3-FHASE ALTERNATOR , STAR OR WYE CONNECTED : Ff, = 2208 VOLTS = 6 TURNS, W aod “Zeon. TURN/ Se -48xXG= 288 144 = 18 sal Ooi ~ ra x10" © 150° 18 150° Kp= sIn-—— = 0. 966AUTERNATING- CURRENT GENEIATORS 7-12|WhAT VOLTAGE WOULD BE GENERATED BETWEEN TErMINALS IN THE ALTERNATOR OF PROB. 10 IF THE WINDING 1S CONNECTED FOR SK - POLE OPERATION? GIVEN: FUOM FTOB, + (0 S='4+ SLOT RPM = 900 TURNS/COIL = 6 pot ies” b= 1% x 10% max. THUS; ' COIL SPAN = SLOT 110 16 Kp= ont = WHOLE-~COILED, 3- PHASE WINDING CONNECTION P=6 POLE Kp= 0-8315 d*= ii ccna TURN, © TURNS LO, VOLTAGE BETWEEN TERMINALS Yonase= «© Bape * 48 poe Ef =? Ae! = 269 TURNS /pyase ‘SOLUTION: sin (nxd‘/z) THERE ARE 144 COILS BECAUSE Kd = Z n sind*/2 THE NUMBER OF SLOT IS 144 sin @x7-5/2) \44 = COIL = =48 8 sil g Veuase 3 N22 Kt= 0-956 144 SLOTS -—— Ey = (a[4-44 ENG Kp ka x 107% N= G piaseKCG POLE) Fis NBL 444 END Kp x 10°F] ne 6 Ey = (5 [ttt x45 x289.x18x10%xo.851¢ _ x RPM XO986 x 107? ] = cf = ZO as (4Z@ VOLTS G x 900 f= a0 fa 45 CYCLE 7-15) A THREE. PHASE ALTERNATOR HAS A RATING OF 5,000 KVA AT 13,200 VOLTS CALCULATE THE FULL-LOAD LINE CURRENT. GIVEN SOLUTION: S-PHASE ALTENATOR Te = kya FoR =~ PHASE ee KARTS Ey = 13,200 V=13.2 kV chy ee Ha neop Va x 13.2 KT FULL- LOAD CURRENT “IL” 7 To = 218.7 & 219 AurALTERNATING ~ CURRENT GENERATORS 7-14] \F THE ALTERNATOR OF PROB. 15 DELIVERS A-LOAD OF 3,600 KW AT A POWER FACTOR OF 0.82, CALCULATE THE LINE CURRENT. GIVEN LOAD = 3,600 KW Pro 0-62 iy Ey = 15.2 VOLT, 36 SOLUTION: Kw, PRXED xd l= 5,600 'KW.. 062 x13 x 15-2 KV Tu =. (92 amr rea’D LINE CurRENT “1,” 7-15] THE VOLTAGE OF AN ALTERNATOR FULL-LOAD 10-535 VOLTS AT NO LOAD. CALCULATE THE PERCENT REGULATION. RISES FROM 460 VOLTS AT GIVEN SOLUTION:* Vur.= S3S VOLTS Ve So ViR. = Vrii.= 460 voLTs : hea’ AVR. PERCENT VOLTAGE itEGULATION HN, 7-16] A TuREE. PHASE Y-CONNECTED ALTERNATOR DELIVERS A UNiTY POWER -FACTOR LOAD AT 230 VOLTS. VOLTAGE Drop IP THE. SYNCHRONOUS - REACTANCE, 13 GO VOLTS PER PHASE , CALCULATE THE PERCENT. MEGULATION, NEGLECTING THE ICESISTANCE. VOLTAGE DItOP. Given SOLUTION 3-PHASE ,-Y-CONNECTED ALTERNATOR LET: i f PF = UNITY Vy = TERMINAL VOLTAGE FER,’ PHASE Me = 230 VOLTS REACTANCE VOLTAGE OROP Eq = GENERATED VOLTAGE OF AN TX, = 60 VOLTS /PHASE ALTERNATOR. E@’D: CALCULATE PERCENT (CECULATION, NEGLECTING THE ILESISTANCE. VOLTAGE DIOP. “YR”. 152-75 VoLTs 1 [TX =€ vous: t 1 Ye 2138-79, NOLTS:ALTERNATING - CURRENT GENERATORS CONT. OF PROB #% 7-16 Eg = (vp +IR)* 40x.) Eg = 452.79 +0)* + Go)*+ £9= I¢5.72 volts % REGULATION = Eg— Vey 100% Ne 7m = WIS72 = 192.79 152-79 “R= 74% * loo 7.17] IF THE RESISTANCE VOLTAGE DROP PET FHASE IN FIZOB. 16 IS § VOLTS , CALCULATE THE PERCENT [EGULATION. SOLUTION qe (REGULATION AT UNITY POWER. FACTOR if THE [ZESISTANCE VOLTAGE DROP IS 5 VOLTS wy =[verte® +00 Puasor. piageam Eq = (32.75 +5)* +Go)* Ce i Bats) : loot Me Eq = 190 Vous ye OnE y 152.79 Y= 127.9% 76} ASSUMING THAT THE CURVES OF FIG. 166 ARE TOR A 400-KVA , 2,200- VOLT THICEE -PHASE ALTERNATOR , CALCULATE THE SYNCHRONOUS IMPEDANCE Zs AND THE SYNCHRONOUS REACTANCE Xs. THE D.C MESISTANCE BETWEEN TERMINALS. 15 0.9 OHM. GIVEN: ReEQuineD: KVA = 400° SYNCHRONOUS IMPEDANCE Eac = 2200 VOLT, TERMINAL VOLTAGE er TEACTANCE 3. PHASE. ALTERNATOR Zs + Xge? D-C RESISTANCE , R= 0.9.0.ALTERNATING -CURRENT GENERATORS CONT: OF PROB. # 7-18 SOLUTION FIST, DETERMINE THE OFEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE Af. = 2201 Fay, = 2200 we Bays ‘fg = 1270 YOLTS THEN FIOM FIG. 1G AT Encfg 7.1270 VOUS Tse = 192 Atir (APPROXIMATELY) THEIEFORE: OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE e Tse \z70 Vv 19ZA G-G| OHMS: 3 Zsa Zs= THE RESISTANCE PER PHASE 1S EQUAL 10; 0:3 z MIG: 166. OPEN-cIRCUIT 2" sHort- CIRCUIT CURVES FOR AN ALTERNATOR SHORT- CIRCUIT CURILENT - Isc asueg sd OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTS Exe /pg SeESESE SS 0S 10 15-20 255035 40-45 SO 55 60 G5 10 FIELD AMPEIES - Ip SINCE Xe= (Z5* - Ma* xs- J Gen (0-45)* Xo = OGD 29 CALCULATE THE PERCENT REGULATION Fore PROB. 18 WHEN THE ALTERNATOR DELIVERS FACTOR OF 0.6. LAGGCING. GIVEN: FIOM ROS. #4 B VA = 400 Esc = 2200 VOLTS Zs= 661 Xs = 6.60 Ra = 0-45.20 Esc fog = 1270 VOLTS PF =0.6 LAGGING ITS FULL-LOAD KILOVOLT- AMPERES AT A fowWER REQUIRED: : CALCULATE THE PERCENT [REGULATION / SOLUTION: hs LET: %Me IS PERCENT IEGULATION Ie= FULL-LOAD LINE CURRENT Er= VOLTAGE vroP ACROSS THE. IESISTANCE Ex= VOLTAGC URop across “THE TUEACTANCEAUTEIUNATING - CURRENT GENERATORS CONT. OF PROB # 7-19 SOLUTION: kVA “Ex Exe 400,000 A “TBS x 2200 ~ Ti = (05 AMP. a ie O = COS'06 $= 55-18" PF ANGLE Ere Tike = 105 x0-45 Exe 47 VOLTS Fea LX. = 105 x66 Es= 693 VOLTS Va's 1270 X06 = 762 voLTS Vs = 1270 X 0-8 =101G VOLTS on. Vee (Va Vat Nez {01270)*-Ge2)* Vs= lole VOLTS 7-20] REPEAT THE SOLUTION: OF OF 0-8 LEADING. GIVEN: FROM PROB. # 19 Er= 47 VOLTS Es = 693 VOLTS PR = 0-8 LEADING Exc /yg '270 VOLTS \SoLuTION: \@= cos'o.8- 6 = 56.87" Vy= 1270 X 0-8 = ole VOLTS Vos 1270 x06 = 762 NOUS ; a Eq =| (0 +47)" + (76e-c93) Eg 1065 VOLTS Piso plaerAM ‘usiNe T AS THE MEFEMENCE THASOT Fo={ (atx)? + (Ve+Es)* y= (Geevar)? + Clore +693)" Fg = 1890.8 VOLTS Oe a inher yee Eon oineair 1690.8 — 1270 %R oe x a 1270 im ulm 489% PIOB. 19 FOR A POWEIC FACTOR AS” PHASOR. DIAGRAM FOR LEADING POWER FACTOR aRa 065 ~ 1270 ure —— x 10 1270 LR = 1614 % Fg 1S LESS THAN -V IN A LEADING POWER FACTORALTERNATING - CURRENT GENERATORS zal} A THIEE -PHASE> 1,000-KVA 2,300-VOLT ALTERNATOR IS SHORT- CIRCUITED AND IS OPERATED AT [ATED SPEED To PRODUCE. RATED CURRENT. WITH THE SHORT CIRCUIT REMOVED AND THE SAME EXCITATION, THE VOLTAGE BETWEEN STATOR TERMINALS ‘IS 1,300. THE EFFECTIVE (CORRECTED) RESISTANCE BETWEEN STATOR TERMINALS IS 2 OHMS DETERMINE “THE PER CENT REGULATION OF THE ALTERNATOR AT A fOWER FACTOR OF 0-8 LAGGING. GIVEN: 1000 KVA 2500 VOLT ,3-PHASE ALT. VOLTAGE BETWEEN STATI TEIMINALS = 1,500 VOLTS Te = 2.9, EFFECTIVE RESISTANCE rEg’: % TEGULATION =? beveore eet - PHASOR DIAGRAM USING T As SOLUTION 1000,000 vA MEFERENCE PHASOM "TF (200M) Ve = 2500 = 1328 VOLTS lus 251 AMP. Vs fe Rag = = =1a fg=((veose +80) 4+(Vsine ¥Es)* Zsq= 1500 = 7.990 — Fg -|{es28y(0-8)+ 251)" + [(1326)(0.0) + 710]* 5X 251 Eg= 1999 wats Xs = [Ze —la™ vi xe = (sae 1? Ail= a x 100% e Xs = 2.62 1 1999 — 1526 5 “= x wo Ene Th Rap me 1328 2 Ea = (251) (1) : ans : Ex = 451 VOLTS un = bos if Esps Ie Xs =(251)(2-82) Esy= 708 2 710 VOLTSALTERNATING - CURRENT GENERATORS 7-22] MEPEAT PROB. 21 FO A POWER FACTOR OF 0.6 LEADING. SOLUTION Eg =| (voos o +n] * + [vsine-Es] * Ey = | { (1528)(0-8) +251) + ((1528)(0-6)-180]* Eg = [it VOLTS %R= Eo- Ve x 100% Ve 1314-1526 <=————_ x 100 # 1528 1% PHASOR DIAGRAM USING V AS THE REFERENCE’ PHASOR 1 7-23] A 000 KvA 4,600-VOLT THRICE PHASE ALTERNATOR 1S SHOnT -CIRCUITED, AND, OPEMATING AT RATED. SPEED, THE FIELD EXCITATION 1S ADJUSTED TO GIVE RATED AMMATURE- WINDING CURRENT. THE SHoRT-ciccUIT IS THEN REMOVED, AND, WITH THE SAME FIELD CURRENT ANO SPEED , ‘THE OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE BETWEEN STATOR TERMINALS’ 1S FOUND TO BE 1,744. THE EFFECTIVE -(A-C) RESISTANCE PEM PHASE OF THE ARMATURE WINDING IS 1-2 OHMS. CALCULATE THE PERCENT REGULATION OF THE ALTERNATOR AT A POWER. FACTOR OF 0.8 LAGGING. GIVEN: 1000-KVA , 4600-VOLT , 39 ALTERNATOR VOLTAGE BETWEEN STATOR TERMINALS = 1744 VOLT \M@rg = 2B Vax 2600 PF = 0.8 LAGGING is Vg = 2656 VOLTS Ibs 125-9 AMP. TUEQUITED ? PEILCENT REGULATION=? Er = Iufay SOLUTION: Ee 125.5 x b2 1744 Ex = 15). VOLTS Red Es, = 1007 VOLTSALTERNATING - CURRENT GENERATORS CONT. OF PROB # 7-23 ee ET EERE: FHASOR DIAGRAM Ee = {]V cose + Ee + Es 4. Fe=JL TRU bYaNeres | AT 0-8 LAGGING Eg = /((e65¢)(0-8)+ si) *+ [(2656)(0-6)+ 1007)* PowER FACTOR S456 VOLTS Ee - Vo Wha 2 x 00 Ve 3456 -2656 ~k =———_—— x 100 i 2656 a= 30% 7-24] A 25-KVA ALTERNATOR HAS A TOTAL LOSS OF 2,000 WATTS WHEN TT DELIVEILS [ATED KILOVOLT- AMPEMES TO A LOAD AT A POWEIL FACTOR OF 0.76. CALCULATE ITS PER CENT . EFFICIENCY. eiven Pry = Foor + Thossee 25-KVA , ALTERNATOR Fess = 2900 WATTS POWER FACTON= 0-76 Fn = 19,000 + 2000 Puy.= 21,000 WATTS Four * PEFR = ——— x Woy. iequinep: z Fn z ye EFFICIENCY = ?. 19,000 . % EFF = x 100 £ SOLUTION: 4 OF = F000 ie Pour = 25000 0-76 Bis bs EFF = 90-47% Four = 19900 WATTS 7-25) A SOO-KVA ALTERNATOR: OPERATES AT FULL-LOAD KILOVOLT-AMPEILE OUTPUT AT AN. EFFICIENCY OF 93.5 PEILCENT. |F THE LOAD POWER Factor 18 0-83, CALCULATE THE TOTAL. LOSS. GIVEN: KW= 420 Ki ; OUTPUT FowER S00 KYA ALTEMLNATOR Pin = Four 420.X1000 W. ° Er 0938S /, EFF = 93.5% # 4 Pm = 449,198 WATTS PFs 0-85 EQ’D Flossers = 449 KW- 420 KW TOTAL LOSSES =? Posces = 23 KW ; TOTAL LOSSES SOLUTION: KW = 500 KVA X0-85ALTERNATING-CURRENT GENERATORS 7-26] THE D-C ARMATURE WINDING RESISTANCE BETWEEN TERMINALS OF A 750 KVA 4.400 VOLT THREE -PHASE ALTEWNATOR 1S 0-9 OHM. CALCULATE THE COPPER LOSS IN THE WINDING AT FULL LOAD. ‘ GIVEN: 750-KVA ,4400 VOLTS , 5-PHASE, ALTERNATOR Tar 0.9.2. neo COPPER Loss = 11" Rs (3) COPPEML LOSS IN THE WINDING Cu Loss = (98-4)7(0-45)(3) AT PULL-LOAD=? C4 LOSS = 15,071 WATTS SOLUTION ea FULL LOAD CURRENT 750,000 VA V5 x 4400V 98-4 AMF 721] A 25-KVA 220-VOLT THIEE-FHASE ALTERNATOR DELIVERS TATED KILOVOLT ~ AMPERES AT A POWER FACTOR OF 0-84. THE EFFECTIVE A-C MESISTANCE BETWEEN AiLMATUTE WINDING TERMINALS IS 0.18 OHM. THE FIELD “TAKES 9.3 AMF AT IIS VOLTS. IF PIUCTION AND WiDAGE LOSS 1S 460 WATTS AND THE CORE LOSS IS 610 \WATTS CALCULATE THE PER CENT EFFICIENCY: GIVEN CU. LOSS = 5 TL7R 25- VA ,220-VOLT , 5-PHASE ALT. = (3X65.6)*(0.09) TOWER FACTOR = 0-84 . Loss = 162 wATTS Ry = 018.0. au FIELD LOSS = Jp xVp Jp= 95 AMP. AT IIS VOLTS xi ie FRICTION» WINDAGE LOSS = “+60 WATTS FIELD Loss = 1070 WATTS CORE LOSS = GIO WATTS reba: TOTAL LOSSES = 1162 +1070+ 460 +G10 oper pue arin TOTAL LOSSES = 5502 WATTS (25,000) (0-84) x 100 7- ee ae ee 25,000 ¥A @s,000) {5 x 220¥ ycrr= 66.4% lus 65:6 AMP. Nop eet 0.18 =00 Ypuase” 22 LeALTERNATING - CURRENT GENE ATORS 7-28] EACH OF Two SINGLE-FHASC ALTERNATORS HAS AN ARMATURE WINDING WHOSE RESISTANCE AND SYNCHRONOUS REACTANCE AME RESPECTIVELY, 0.025 “AND 0-06 ONM..IF THE MACHINES ARE OPERATING WITHOUT LOAD , CALCULATE THE CIRCULATING CURRENT IN THE WINDINGS JF THE ALTER~ NATORS ARE PARALLELED : (@) WHEN THE EMFS ARE EQUAL AT 230 VOLTS, BUT ARE DISPLACED’ 50° FROM A OSITION OF FHASE OPPOSITION ; (b) WHEN THE VOLTAGES AME.IN PHASE OPPOSITION, BUT ONE VOLTAGE IS 230 AND THE OTHER 1S 200 VOLTS ; (C)\WHEN THE VOLTAGES ARE 230 AND 200 , AND DISPLACED 50° FROM A POSITION OF PHASE OPFOSITION Given L) Vs = 250 ow Ves two Sineve Pause avteenators = Pileeis ene alee R=0.025 2 ae Xs= 0-06 2OOV 07 Bo ov SOLUTION: Te = 230-200 = > (2) (0-065) Zsa he +X Te= 230-6 X25! AMP. = \eo2s)* x(0-08)* ( ¢ (OC) W=230 2 V2 2200 , BUT AME Zs = 0.065 2 DISPLACED 30° FROM A POSITION OF FHASE OPPOSITION. (0) EmFS = 230, BUT DISPLACED 50° FROM A POSITION OF PHASE OPPOSITION ay ; 230V. om. v TO DETERMINE V , USE COSINE LAW eA, Ai) M v*= 2007+230°- 2[200x230] Cos 20° Vues Va ¥ V7 40000 + 52300 - 79674 Z 7 SiN 1s" (230) V2= 15,226 VOLTS, x = {15,226 N= 2(230)(0-259) v Eas Ve 19 VouTs F Sag Ie= f 2s Pel aay it gv Te z 7 ee Ce nearer x0. (0.065) 2 ALTEILNATORS { Te = 885 AMP. le = 915-4 AMP.* ALTERNATING ~ CURRENT GENERATORS 7-29) USING THE GIVEN DATA OF PROB. 28, CALCULATE THE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO EQUAL VOLTAGES OF 730 IF THE CIRCULATING CURRENT IS 1,000 AMP WHEN THE ALTERNATORS ARE PARALLELED. GIVEN: Tex 1000 AMF Vit V2 = 250 VOLTS TEQD: ANGLE BETWEEN TWO. EQUAL VOLTAGES Fieure: SOLUTION:, FROM THE FeuRE SIN ae OO ’ 2(230) 2(230) = 2 (230) su ; vat (0) sre @ = Sin’ 0.283 BUT: . Os 16.4 Ve Te x 225 B= 26 : V= 1000 x 2(0.065) a « ) A= 2 (16-4°) V= 130 voUTS 9 = 32.8° OUT OF PHASE: