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32 (2008) 119-125
TBTAK
Biological Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa- 403 004 - INDIA
Received: 06.07.2007
Abstract: In the present study, the free radical scavenging potentials (DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical), inhibition of lipid
peroxidation, and glutathione-S-transferase and antimicrobial properties of Sargassum sp. extract were investigated. The tested
extract exhibited a dose-dependent free radical scavenging action against DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical and antimicrobial activity.
In addition, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and glutathione-S-transferase activities were also observed. The overall results have
established that this seaweed could be used against several diseases and, in the food processing industry, to preserve foods.
Key Words: Antimicrobial activity, free radical, glutathione-S-transferase, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation
Introduction
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g., superoxide anion
.(O2 ), hydroxyl radicals (OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2),
and singlet oxygen (1O2)) are formed as a result of normal
metabolic activity and exogenous sources (1). In
pathological conditions, the antioxidant mechanisms are
often inadequate, as excessive quantities of ROS can be
generated. The ROS formed may cause cellular and
subcellular damage by peroxidation of membrane lipids,
by denaturing cellular proteins, and by breaking DNA
strands, disrupting cellular functions (1). In vivo, cells
have their own inherited antioxidative defense system, in
the form of various enzymatic, as well as nonenzymatic
pathways, for removing the ROS. Among enzymatic
pathways O2.- are dismutated by superoxide dismutase
(SOD) to H2O2, catalase (CAT) reduces H2O2 to water and
molecular oxygen. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) catalyzes
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Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Seaweed (Sargassum sp.) Extract: A Study on Inhibition of Glutathione-S-Transferase Activity
inhibition
evaluated
by
Microbial strain
Three human pathogenic microorganisms, such as
Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-96), Escherichia coli
(MTCC-443), and Bacillus subtilis (CCR-12), were used in
the present study for evaluation of the antimicrobial
activity. The strains Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus
subtilis are Gram positive while E. coli is Gram negative,
out of which 2 strains (MTCC-96 and MTCC-443) were
obtained from Institute of Microbial Technology,
200 g/ml
400 g/ml
800 g/ml
Mean
C.V.(E)
C.D.(P=0.05)
Inhibition of LPX
MTF
MSF
0*
22.2*
29.0*
17.067
8.0*
13.0*
47.5*
22.166
6.409379
2.3281869
DPPH Assay
GST Activity
43.76667*
52.62667
68.41667*
54.93667
10.8157
13.4870032
18.45333*
33.39667*
46.14333*
32.664443
11.11616
8.2418382
63.7667*
74.433
79.433*
72.54423
7.172193
11.8100794
N:B: C.V.(E) = Coefficient of variation due to error, C.D. = Critical differentiation at probability 0.05, * = significant data
121
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Seaweed (Sargassum sp.) Extract: A Study on Inhibition of Glutathione-S-Transferase Activity
MTF
% of LPX Inhibition
MSF
a
a
20
0
400
Plant Extract (g/ml)
10
30
20
40
LPX inhibition (%)
50
60
800
100
(B)
75
50
25
0
200
400
800
60
50
(C)
b
100
40
% of GST Inhibition
200
Regression
r = 0.885
95% confid.
20
(A)
40
40
0
0
% of DPPH Scavenging
60
60
OH Scavenging (%)
30
20
10
0
200
400
Plant Extract (g/ml)
800
80
(D)
60
40
20
0
200
400
800
Figure 1. Effect of the methanolic extract on (A) Inhibition of lipid peroxidation (B) Scavenging of DPPH, (C) Hydroxyl radical scavenging, and (D)
a
b
c
Inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase. Values are mean of triplicate determination SD. P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001.
122
Conclusion
The methanol extract of Sargassum sp. showed
strong antioxidant activity. In addition, this extract
possessed noticeable antimicrobial activity against grampositive and gram-negative bacteria when compared with
23
10
18
10
09
16
10
08
10
123
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Seaweed (Sargassum sp.) Extract: A Study on Inhibition of Glutathione-S-Transferase Activity
Acknowledgements
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