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Mandu was a historic city in Madhya Pradesh, India situated on a plateau overlooking the Narmada River valley. It served as the capital of the Delhi Sultanate's province of Malwa for over 300 years under various rulers including the Khilji dynasty and the Ghuri dynasty. Key historic sites in Mandu include the Hindola Mahal, Jahaz Mahal, Hoshang Shah's tomb, Baz Bahadur's palace, and Rani Roopmati's pavilion, known for the legendary love story between Roopmati and Baz Bahadur. Mandu eventually fell to the Mughal Empire in 1561.
Mandu was a historic city in Madhya Pradesh, India situated on a plateau overlooking the Narmada River valley. It served as the capital of the Delhi Sultanate's province of Malwa for over 300 years under various rulers including the Khilji dynasty and the Ghuri dynasty. Key historic sites in Mandu include the Hindola Mahal, Jahaz Mahal, Hoshang Shah's tomb, Baz Bahadur's palace, and Rani Roopmati's pavilion, known for the legendary love story between Roopmati and Baz Bahadur. Mandu eventually fell to the Mughal Empire in 1561.
Mandu was a historic city in Madhya Pradesh, India situated on a plateau overlooking the Narmada River valley. It served as the capital of the Delhi Sultanate's province of Malwa for over 300 years under various rulers including the Khilji dynasty and the Ghuri dynasty. Key historic sites in Mandu include the Hindola Mahal, Jahaz Mahal, Hoshang Shah's tomb, Baz Bahadur's palace, and Rani Roopmati's pavilion, known for the legendary love story between Roopmati and Baz Bahadur. Mandu eventually fell to the Mughal Empire in 1561.
Mandu city is situated at an elevation of 2079 feet and extends for 13 km along Vindhya Range, overlooking the plateau of Malwa to the north and the valley of the Narmada River to the south. These acted as natural defences. The wall encompassing mandu has 12 Gates or darwaazas
Mohammed Khalji went on to
rule for the next 33 years.
He was succeeded by his son,
Ghiyas-ud-din in 1469 and ruled for the next 31 years. Ghiyasud-din was a pleasure seeker and devoted himself to women and song. He had a large harem and built the Jahaz Mahal for housing the women, numbering thousands, of his harem. Ghiyas-ud-din was poisoned, aged 80, by Nasir-ud-din, his own son.
In 1526, Mahmud II the sixth
Khalji ruler made no resistance against the invading Bahadur Shah of Gujarat who conquered Mandu March 28, 1531.
In 1530 Humayun, the second
Mughal Emperor, succeeded Babur. Humayun attacked and defeated Bahadur Shah. Thus in 1534 Mandu came under Humayun's rule..
Ten more years of feuds and
invasions followed and in the end Baz Bahadur emerge in the top spot.
1561 - Mughal forces of Akbar
led by Adham Khan, enter the fort of Baz Bahadur of Malwa and defeat Baz Bahadur, while Rani Roopmati view the scene from the terrace of the fort. One of the reasons for Adham Khan's attack seems to be his love for Rani Roopmati. Rani
History
Gained prominence during 10th
& 11th Cen under the Rajput Parmara rulers. Founded as a fortress retreat by Raja Bhoj. Thee caves are called Varshavas (Varsha + Awaas), means place to stay during the rainy season. Snatched by Khiljis in 1305. Earlier known by "Shadiabad" meaning the city of happiness, by then ruler Allauddin Khilji. In 1401, as the Mughals captured Delhi, the Afghan Dilawar Khan, governor of Malwa, set up his own little kingdom and the Ghuri dynasty was established. And thus began Mandu's golden age.
His son, Hoshang Shah shifted
the capital from Dhar to Mandu and raised it to its greatest splendor.
Hoshang Shah means -"Ruler of
a good choice" Hoshang Shah was a dare devil. Angry that the ruler of Orissa refused to give him elephants, he travelled to Orissa disguised as a horse merchant along with a 1000 men. When the Oriya ruler came to inspect the horses, he was abducted and held hostage. The ransom was a 100 of the best Oriya elephants and safe passage back to Mandu. Both of which were granted. Hoshang Shah
returned to Mandu, a hero. He
went on to rule Malwa for 27 years. Hoshang's son, Mohammed III was the last ruler of Ghuri dynasty ruled for just one year. He was poisoned by the militaristic Mohammed Khilji, who established the Khilji dynasty.
Roopmati poisoned herself to
death on hearing the news of fall of Mandu.
Baz Bahadur fled to Khandesh.
Akbar, soon recalled Adham Khan and made over command to Pir Muhammad. Baz Bahadur remained a fugutive at a number of courts till he surrenedered in November, 1570 to Akbar at Nagaur. He joined Akbar's service.
Mandu was taken by the
Marathas in 1732 by Peshwa Baji Rao I.
Constructed during the reign of
Mahmud Shah Khalji and commissioned by Ghiyas al-Din
Hindola Mahal
Jehaz Mahal
meaning Swing palace
So named due to its sloping side walls. Might have been constructed during the reign of Hoshang Shah The Hindola Mahal may have been used as an audience chamber. T shaped plan, though the cross bar was added later The highly inclined buttresses neutralize the outward force of five massive ogee arches that supported the large flat roof
Hoshang Shahs Tomb
Commonly known as Ship
palace Situated between two artificial lakes( Munj Talao to the west and Kapur Talao to the East) Two storied Tughlaqid architecture So named as it appears as a ship floating in water. Served as a harem for the sultan during the reign of Sultan Ghiyas-ud-din-Khilji.
India's first marble structure
One of the most refined examples of Afghan architecture. It served as a inspiration for the construction of Taj Mahal Shah Jahan was so impressed with it and sent 4 architects to
study the tomb. They left an
inscription near the doorway, paying homage to the architects of the tomb. The interiors of the tomb are illuminated by light filtering through Jali lattice work.
width of the palace, and sits
between the courtyard, pool and arched pavilion on the north and the lesser rooms to the south.
Rani Roopmati Pavillion
Baz Bahadurs palace
A large sandstone structure
originally built as an army observation post is known today as Roopmati's Pavilion. Rani Roopmati - the love interest of Baaz Bahadur lived here and is said to have gazed at the Baz Bahadur's Palace situated below and also at Narmada river, flowing through the Nimar plains far below, a river which the queen revered.
Jami masjid
Built by Baz Bahadur
Famous for its large courtyards encompassed by large halls and high terraces. It is situated below Roopmati's Pavilion and can be seen from the pavilion. Baz Bahadur's palace has one incredible space: a music gallery. This room stretches the
Inspired by the great mosque of
Damascus, this humongous structure is striking in both its simplicity and architectural style-with large courtyards and grand entrances. Pashtun architecture Construction started by Hoshang Shah
Ashrafi Mahal
Madrasaa opposite Jami masjid
Much of the internal structure is
in ruins.
A selection Rani Rupmati's
verses These verses attributed to Rani Rupmati are taken from "The lady of the Lotus" by Ahmad-ul-Umri and translated into English by L. M. Crump This verse talks about the wisdom of using one's wealth: Some men good fortune turns to evil ways Other retain the good of simple days. Some give and win more than the gift has cost To others gifts are so much money lost. some use their wealth for ends both wise and just; And others only to indulge their lust. Wealth may thus praises earn beyond all words Or be less worth than yesterday's stale curds.
And here' s something quite radical for
a royal lady of the 15th century! Some men are liars: Some men are true: Some pay their debts: Some never do: Some wives wear the dhoti*: Some husbands skirts wear: Some twirl their moustaches, And some never dare.