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In this last learning activity, you will learn about obligations, abilities,
prepositions of movement, shopping, the airport, means of transportation and
places around town. / En esta ltima actividad de aprendizaje, usted aprender
sobre obligaciones, habilidades, preposiciones de movimiento, compras, el
aeropuerto, medios de transporte, y lugares en una ciudad.
Fuente: SENA
When we talk about things we can choose to do or not, we use dont have
to. / Cuando hablamos de actividades el las que podemos elegir entre
hacerlas o no, usamos dont have to.
Example / Ejemplo:
On weekends, I dont have to get up early. I do it because I love to watch
the sunrise while having a coffee. / Los fines de semana no tengo que
levantarme temprano. Lo hago porque me gusta ver el amanecer mientras
me tomo un caf.
Lets see the grammar formula to express obligation and lack of obligation
using the simple present tense. / Veamos la estructura gramatical para
expresar obligacin o falta de ella usando el presente simple.
Information
Where
Yes / no
Auxiliary
Subject Have to
(do / does)
Verb
Question
(base form)
mark
do
you
have to
go
Do
you
have to
go
Note: Remember you use the auxiliary does in question when you use the
third person singular (he, she, or it). Example: Where does Mary (she) have
to go? / Nota: recuerde que usted usa el auxiliar does en preguntas cuando
usa la tercera persona del singular (he, she, it). Ejemplo: Dnde tiene que ir
Mary (ella)?
Affirmative and negative forms / Formas afirmativas y negativas
Subject
Affirmative
(obligation)
Negative
(lack of
obligation)
Auxiliary
(dont /
doesnt)
I
She
Have to /
has to
have to
doesnt
have to
Verb
(base
form)
Complement
to work.
Note: Remember you use the auxiliary doesnt in negative statements when
you use the third person singular (he, she, or it). Example: She doesnt have
to write the report. / Nota: recuerde que usted usa el auxiliariar doesnt en
oraciones negativas cuando usa la tercera persona del singular (he, she, it).
Ejemplo: ella no tiene que escribir el reporte.
2. Ability and possibility / Habilidad y posibilidad
A. Expressing ability / Expresando habilidad
When we talk about our or someone elses abilities, we use can. / Cuando
hablamos de nuestras habilidades o las de alguien ms usamos can.
Examples / Ejemplos:
I can run 15 kilometers in 45 minutes. / Puedo correr 15 kilmetros en 45
minutos.
She can cook Japanese Food. / Ella puede cocinar comida japonesa.
When we talk about our or someone elses lack of ability, we use cant. /
Cuando hablamos de la falta de habilidad nuestra o de la de alguien ms
usamos cant.
Examples / Ejemplos:
I cant swim long distances. / No puedo nadar largas distancias.
Peter cant use photoshop. / Peter no puede usar photoshop.
Note: Remember we use cant in the sense of not knowing how to do
something; not in the sense of impossibility or prohibition. In a different level
you will get familiar with other uses of can and cant. / Nota: recuerde que
usamos cant en el sentido de no saber como hacer algo, no en el sentido
de imposibilidad o prohibicin. En otro nivel, usted se familiarizar con
otros usos de can y cant.
B. Expressing possibility / Expresando posibilidad
We also use can to talk about possibilities. / Tambin podemos usar can
para hablar acerca de posibilidades.
Examples / Ejemplos:
I can play soccer on Friday. It is my day off. / Yo puedo jugar ftbol el
viernes. Es mi da libre.
We use cant to talk about impossibility. / Usamos cant para hablar de
imposibilidades.
Examples / Ejemplos:
Modal verb
can / cant
Base form of
the verb
Complement
Affirmative
can
very well.
Negative
She
cant
come
tonight.
Information
Yes / no
Wh- / how
Modal verb
can / cant
Subject
Base form of
the verb
Question
mark
When
can
you
come
Can
you
play chess
To
A place: / Un lugar:
She is going to Pereira. / Ella va para Pereira.
I want to go to the mall. / Quiero ir al centro comercial.
An event: / Un evento:
Are they going to the party? / Van para la fiesta?
Luisa couldnt go to the concert. / Luisa no pudo ir al
concierto.
A person:
You should go to your father for advice. / Deberas acudir a tu
pap para que te aconseje.
We use towards when someone or something is moving in a
particular situation rather than a particular destination. / usamos
towards cuando alguien o algo va en una direccin en particular
Towards ms que haca un destino particular.
The ball was coming fast towards me. / La pelota se estaba
acercando rpidamente en mi direccin.
Through refers to the following types of movement. / Through se
refiere a los singuientes tipos de moviento.
We use through in the following situations: / Usamos through en
las siguientes situaciones:
Through
de la ventana.
2. When something or someone is moving across an entire
space. / Cuando algo o alguien se mueve a travs de algo.
Example / Ejemplo:
Cut through the tape. / Corte la cinta.
The movement of something or someone from the outside to the
inside in a three dimensional space. / El movimiento de algo o
alguien desde afuera hacia adentro de un espacio tridimensional.
Into
Examples / Ejemplos:
James reached into his pocket and found his keys. / James
meti su mano en su bolsillo y encontr sus llaves.
They got into the car. / Se subieron al carro.
We use across to talk about movement from the starting point of
something to the other. / Usamos across para hablar del
movimiento desde el inicio de un algo hasta su final.
Across
Examples / Ejemplos:
They walked across the road. / Ellos pasaron la calle.
He swam across the pool. / El atraves la piscina nadando.
We can use over to talk about movement from one side of a
place to another. / Podemos usar over para hablar de un
movimiento desde un lugar hacia otro.
Over
Examples / Ejemplos:
He jumped over the fence and opened the gate. / El salt
sobre la cerca y abri la puerta.
The plane flew over the lake. / El avin vol sobre el lago.
Example / Ejemplo:
Diane and I walked along the river. / Diane y yo caminamos a
lo largo del ro.
Spanish
De cunto es el impuesto?
Is the TV on sale?
Cunto es en total?
Qu le debo?
Pay cash.
Pagar en efectivo.
Cuntas cuotas?
Aqu tiene.
ATM.
Cajero automtico.
Dressing room.
Vestier.
I lost my receipt.
Se me perdi el recibo.
Bargain.
Pedir descuento.
Dollars.
Dlares.
Euros.
Euros.
Pounds.
Libras.
Airplane
Car
Taxi
Boat
Bus
Train
Ship
Bicycle
Helicopter
Cable car
Biplane
Motorcycle
Monorail
Subway
Streetcar
Spanish
Baggage claim
check
Boarding pass
Tarjeta de
embarque /
pasabordo
Picture
Boarding time
Hora de abordaje
Body check
Requisa
Check-in
Proceso de registro
Currency
exchange
Punto de cambio de
divisas
Customs
Aduanas
Customs
declaration
Declaracin
aduanera
Customs officer
Oficial de aduanas
Departure lounge
Zona de preembarque
Departure time
Hora de salida
Immigration
counter
Ventanilla de
inmigracin
Passport
Pasaporte
Personal effects
Objetos personales
Security check
Punto de seguridad
Time difference
Diferencia horaria
Time zones
Zona horaria
Visa
Visa
Travel abroad
Viajar al exterior
Scenery
Paisaje
Carry-on bag
Equipaje de mano
Layover
Tiempo de espera
entre vuelos
Flight
Vuelo
Appliance store
Bakery
Bank
Barber shop
Book store
Bus station
Cafeteria
Child-care center /
day-care center
Donut shop
Clinic
Clothing store
Coffee shop
Computer store
Concert hall
Convenience store
Copy center
Delicatessen
Departament store
Discount store
Flower shop
Furniture store
Gas station /
service station
Grocery store
Hair salon
Hardware store
Hospital
Contextualization / Contextualizacin
Read to the conservation between Richard and John. / Lea la conversacin
entre Richard y John.
Richard, Did
you finally go to
Germany last
year?
I would like to
visit Europe
next summer.
Oh! Great!
You have to
go to
Heidelberg.
Really? Why? Is
there anything
interesting?
Oh yeah! There
is an amazing
castle
downtown!
And, what
can I do
there?
There are cheap guided
tours if you want, but you
can also walk alone, and
then you can enjoy the
gardens. The view is very
nice!
Cool! It can be a
nice place for
photographs.
What about
food?
Ok. Thanks.
Is there a
gift shop?
OK. Im not so
good at
directions. I can
get lost.
Dont worry.
You can
always ask
again!
Is there a
place near that
market?
Yes, there is. At the
end of the market you
turn left and there is a
nice Bier Garden.
Sorry, Ber
what?
Right! I think I
have to learn
some German
first.
Bier Garden. It is
the German name
for pub.
Yeah! Thats a
good idea,
John.
Comprehension / Comprensin
Acording to the conversation decide if the following statements are true (T) or
false (F): / De acuerdo a la conversacin decida si las siguientes oraciones son
ciertas o falsas:
T
F
1. John went to Germany last year.
2. Germany is in the American continent.
3. Richard doesnt like Heidelberg very much.
4. John likes photography.
5. Souvenirs are very expensive in the castle.
6. The market is far away from the castle.
Practice 1 / Prctica 1
A. Find the mistake and write the correct sentence below each sentence: /
Encuentre el error y escriba la oracin correcta debajo de cada oracin:
1. My sister have to work on Saturdays.
___________________________________________
2. My mom can writes very nice letters.
___________________________________________
3. I dont have to making lunch today. Im eating out.
___________________________________________
4. Do you can speak Chinese?
___________________________________________
5. Do you has to pick up your son at school?
___________________________________________
6. Alan can to run for three hours without stopping.
___________________________________________
7. Ms. Jones has to sends a report before noon.
___________________________________________
8. Does your mom has to listen to music now? Im trying to sleep.
___________________________________________________
9. How many words are you can type in 5 minutes?
____________________________________________
Practice 2 / Prctica 2
A. Max is competing in an obstacle race. Take him to the finish line by
choosing the right prepostition from the ones in brackets. One is done for
you and the pictures will help you. / Max est compitiendo en una carrera
de obstculos. Llvelo a la lnea de llegada escogiendo la preposicin
correcta entre las que estn entre parntesis. Una est hecha como
modelo y las imgenes le ayudarn.
Example / Ejemplo:
1. Go up the ladder.
1. Go (up, across,
over) the ladder.
2. Run (into,
along, out of)
the rope.
3. Walk (across,
down, over) the
hill.
4. Jump (over,
on, into) the pool.
5. Swim (in,
across, into) the
pool.
7. Crawl (over,
on, through) the
tunnel.
B. Read to the following conversations and choose the sentences with the
correct option: / Lea las siguientes conversaciones y elija las oraciones con
la opcin correcta:
Conversation 1
A: Good afternoon. Im looking for a jacket.
B: Hi. What size do you wear?
A: Large, I think.
B: How do you like this one?
A: Im not sure. Can I try it on?
Fuente: SENA
Garage sales or yard sales are informal events where people sell used things
they dont want or need anymore. The place of the sale is usually a garage,
driveway, and sometimes the interior of a house. They traditionally take place
on weekends. Garage sales are convenient for sellers because dont have to
obtain a business license or pay taxes.
People like to shop at garage sales because they can save a lot of money
and meet new people. Buyers usually try to bargain to get a cheaper price. In
order to bargain, you have to have excellent persuasion skills. Both sellers
and buyers try to outsmart each other.
You can find many different things at a garage sale. Some people sell tables,
sofas, chairs, and other pieces of furniture. Some other people sell clothes,
rings, necklaces and even bicycles. You never know what you can get at a
garage sale.
*Outsmart: ser ms astuto que el otro.
Choose the correct answer. / Escoja la respuesta correcta.
1. When do people have garage sales?
a. On weekdays.
visa
carry-on bag
flight
boarding pass
Hey Carl. Can you drive me to the airport? I'm flying to Chicago
for business tomorrow morning.
Carl:
Anthony:
Carl:
Anthony:
You are right. I almost forget. Last time I traveled didnt bring it
and couldnt sleep well while waiting. I also need to pack some
medicine for air sickness.
Carl:
I know what you mean. Remember our last trip to Brazil when
you got sick on the plane? You had to use your barf bag.
Hahahahahaha! That was so embarrasing.
Anthony:
Carl:
OK, man. I'll pick you up tomorrow morning at 2:00 am. Make
sure to be ready. I hate to wait.
Anthony:
David
Andrew:
a. Florida City is a good place to go to concerts.
b. It has excellent bakeries.
c. The weather is always nice.
d. There are beautiful churches.
Vanessa:
a. The furniture stores are amazing.
b. The transportation system is easy.
c. The restaurants are good and not very expensive.
d. You can buy excellent clothes for a good price.
David:
a. The abundance of book stores is incredible.
b. People are kind and very social.
c. The coffee shops are elegant and offer many options.
d. You can visit museums for free.
Aubergine
Yoghurt
Sausage
Potato
Raw
Salt
Prawns
Strawberry
Fork
Shrimps
Cherry
Celery
Broccoli
Lamb
Bottle
Stood
June
Understood
Grew
Scuba diving
Shut
Put
Wrung
Cut
Feed
Forgave
Fall
Broke
Scuba diving
November
Bring
February
Weave
Comfortable
Worst
Purple
Better
Term
Muscular
Woolen
Best
University
Muscular
Leather
Dress
er
First
Athletic
Length
Weather
Straight
Overweight
Light
Thin
Leather
Another
Old
Elderly
The
Where
Hair
Seller
Biplane
Barber
shop
Garage
store
Furniture store
Carry-on bag
Discount
store
Department
store
Cafeteria
Appliance
Now, classify the words on the list according to their stress pattern. / Ahora,
clasifique las palabras en la lista de acuerdo con su patrn acentual.
Layover
Passport
Cleaners
Installments
Child-care center
Clothing store
Buyer
Computer store
Donut shop
Grocery store
Book store
Convenience store
Coffee shop
Helicopter
Departure lounge
Time zone
Boarding pass
Concert hall
Bargain
Author
Johanna Vera
Diettes
Nicole
Bruskewitz
Adaptation
Luz Clarena
Arias
Position
Dependence
Theme experts
Asesores
Direccin de
English Dot
Formacin
Works Profesional.
Programa de Direccin General
bilingismo
Copy editor
Lnea de
Produccin
Centro
Agroindustrial.
Regional Quindo
Date
August
2014
September
2014