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INTRODUCTION
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Maintenance factor
Fluorescent lighting
LED lighting
Conclusion
Maintenance factor
The EN12464-1 standard determines the required luminous intensity. This is the
minimum light level to be safeguarded, independently from the number of the
installation's burning hours and service life. The light quantity on the work
surface will decrease during this service life, which can be the result of declining
luminous flux of the light sources, defective light sources and pollution of
luminaires or spaces. A surplus' must therefore be provided for calculations of
the lighting design and in order to calculate the latter, the maintenance factor
was introduced. (CIE 97).
This maintenance factor (MF) is a reduction factor, which is combined with the
initial luminous intensity (Ei) in the dimensioning of the installation in order to
achieve the required luminous intensity (Em):
Em= Ei x MF
(CIE 97)
LLMF:
(1)
LSF:
(2)
LMF:
(3)
LLMF:
LSF:
LMF:
RSMF:
RSMF:
(4)
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Maintenance Factor
Fluorescent lighting
LED lighting
Conclusion
Fluorescent lighting
Independent studies (such as CIE97 and TNO2004-GGI-R027) in combination
with many years of experience are used to determine and calculate the
maintenance factor for fluorescent lighting.
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Maintenance factor
Fluorescent lighting
LED lighting
Conclusion
LED lighting
For LED lighting the determination and underpinning of the maintenance factor
requires more thought. The determination of the pollution degree for the
luminaire (LMF) and for the space (RSMF) is analogous to that of fluorescent
lighting, but especially the reduced light source luminance (LLMF) requires a
specific approach. Given the long service life of LEDs the majority of LED
luminaires are used without one lamp, or in this case LED replacement taking
place during the luminaire's useful service life. Contrary to fluorescent lighting
the LLMF, and consequently also the maintenance factor, depends on the
useful service life of the luminaire . For the maintenance factor in light
calculations with LED luminaires, it is therefore necessary to indicate which
useful service life was used. This parameter is of critical importance in the
determination of the initial light level and the number of installed luminaires, in
order to be able to guarantee the necessary light level at the end of the useful
service life. Calculation with a useful service life of 20,000 hours will therefore
provide a different result than a calculation with a useful service life of 50,000
hours. Contrary to fluorescent lighting a single standard maintenance factor
cannot be used for LED lighting, regardless of the installation's service life.
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In order to publish valid values for the service life and LLMF of LED
luminaires (see annex 1), ETAP exclusively works with manufacturers
who are able to provide the necessary data that allows determining the
service life and lumen retention of the used LEDs in a specific
luminaire.
The requested data must be drawn up with the help of two globally
accepted measuring methods: the LM80 and the TM21.
2.
Thermal design
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solder-point temperature
thermal resistance between the LED junction and the solder
point of the LED.
forward voltage
forward current
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1 Defect
1 Defect
Short circuit LED in parallel strings
No more balanced current
accelerated aging other LEDs (runaway)
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These values are the same for fluorescent or LED lighting and are
based on the available reports (CIE97, TNO2004-GGI-R027) in
combination with ETAPs experience.
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Maintenance factor
Fluorescent lighting
LED lighting
Conclusion
Conclusion
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Terminology
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TM-21-11: This IES document recommends a method for projecting the lumen
maintenance of LED light sources from the data obtained by the procedures
found in IES document LM-80-08 Approved Method for Measuring Lumen
Maintenance of LED Light Sources.
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This document has been composed by ETAP with greatest care. However, the data in this
publication are without any obligation and can change in pursuance of technical evolution. ETAP
accepts no liability for damage, of any kind, that results from using this document.
February 2013
2013, ETAP NV
ETAP NV
Antwerpsesteenweg 130 B-2390 Malle Tel. +32 (0)3 310 02 11 Fax +32 (0)3 311 61 42
e-mail: info.be@etaplighting.com www.etaplighting.com
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