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PARAGRAPH ORGANIZATION
 
     

 
  

 
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1. Topic (( 
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2. Main Idea (& ()
3. Supporting Detail (
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4. Inferences (%/& 
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1. Topic (

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Topic &  ( 
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#  ($. topic #
@($.&  (precise) .   &$
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The following paragraph will demonstrate what is meant by a precise topic.
Too general 5 Would allow for more
information than is in the paragraph.
Paragraph does not discuss all objects in
the universe.

Precise 5 Includes all details discussed in


the paragraph. Is neither too general nor
too specific.

Of all the objects in the universe, none is as important to man as is the sun. The sun
is absolutely necessary for the survival of life on earth. Its complex processes of
nuclear fusion release gamma rays, as hydrogen atoms in the core are fused into
helium. The energy of these gamma rays is altered as they pass toward the surface of
the sun. Many other energy alterations occur before the sunAs energy reaches the earth.
Too specific 5 Only a detail which explains the
complex processes of the sun.

 
 

   


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:.  The sun
/3 topic '#
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#'#   .  paragraph .&$ 
%  all the objects in the universe (
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#.  ) all objects 
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1) The sun
' ( @ topic #
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  The sun # topic # .
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%-($ paragraph #
'  ( gamma rays  hydrogen atoms '#
/3 topic '# &$
!./

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'# '$.  topic (@($.&  . !"#'# #'# % & ' ( &-
 What is the whole paragraph about? . %$&-#. &-
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Now let us apply this principle to the following examples. Write a topic for each. Compare your
answer with the choices given below.
1
Clouds come in various shapes. Feathery ones
are called cirrus. Clouds are cottony with flat
bases. The proper name for a thunderhead is
cumulonimbus. It often reaches from close to
the ground to high in the sky and has an anvil
shaped top.

2
Clouds come in various shapes. Each shape
provides clues to weather forecasting. Feathery
cirrus clouds tell us that a warm front is
approaching, and that rain may follow in a day
or two. Cottony cumulus clouds indicate warm
moist air. The threatening cumulonimbus is
aptly nicknamed HthunderheadI because it is
a clue that a serious storm is approaching.

What is the whole paragraph about?

What is the whole paragraph about?

Compare your answers with

 
 

Topic
a. Clouds.

b. Cirrus clouds.

c. Shapes of clouds.

d. Causes of clouds.

the following choices.


Explanation
too general  would allow for
more information than is in
paragraph.
too specific  only details.
too specific  paragraph
discusses more than this.
too specific  paragraph
discusses more than this.
precise  includes details of
paragraph. Is not too general
nor too specific.
Not mentioned.

   


Topic
a. Climate.

b. Cirrus clouds mean warm


fronts
c. Cloud shape.
d. Weather forecasting
e. Cloud shape in relation to
weather forecasting.
f. Success of weather.

2. Main Idea ()


Main Idea &  & ( paragraph + % . topic sentence
 paragraph (   &  paragraph  , #/&'# %-&(2'# % 
: & &!
 
# /&$$#

#  topic sentence % /& , :
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#  supporting details
$ paragraph . # topic sentence % :.+ A## 
) infer  passage .&     
#'(   $ & &!
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:.  main idea  paragraph #& .
1( main idea (    ) topic sentence .

%# '( #


) main idea /B/& paragraph /&%'
paragraph  %  paragraph  . /B paragraph
:.
( % 
: /$$ paragraph ( # & 

 
 

   


Patterns in Paragraphs
1.

There are only four poisonous snakes native to the


United states. Three of these are pit vipers5the rattlesnake,
the copperhead, and the cottonmouth moccasin. The fourth
is the brightly banded coral snake.

 paragraph # main idea /B/&&  There are only four poisonous
snakes native to the United States. /&'#
 &  /&$@ 
 )!C'( 4 @!
diagram 
/3/%
#  D $
2.

A fiddler crab waves his brightly colored claws and dances


for his lady. The penguin hunts a fine, smooth stone and
takes it as a gift to his lady. Gestures of courtship like these
are common throughout the animal kingdom.

 paragraph '# 2 # (($ paragraph '( #


)''# %
main idea $   details 
#($(      %/& %-&(2
$ &  main idea /B/&%' paragraph &  Gestures of courtship like
these are common throughout the animal kingdom.
diagram 
/3/%
#  D  
3.

keep your tree outdoors until day before Christmas.


Never use lighted candles. There are other suggestions,
also, for avoiding the Christmas tree fire. Turn off the tree
lights before you leave the house, and get rid of the tree by
New YearAs Day.

 paragraph '# 3 


#
! $  &--%-($'# #
#  . 

!.E.@
'F&!%%* main idea /B/&'#   paragraph & 
There are other suggestions, also, for avoiding the Christmas tree fire.

 
 

4.

   


diagram 
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To some people, the flood is an enemy. It comes like a river
to hit the city and destroy their homes. But to the farmer the
water is a friend, even in cloudburst amounts.

%-($ paragraph '# 4 


# main idea ( 
!  /&
'# % ( -'  &-  but % 
: 
/# & &! /&
%'% 
: &A/@* -' '# # @  &  /& To some people,
the flood is an enemy. /&%' But to the farmer the water is a friend, even in
cloudburst amounts.
diagram 
/3/%
#  ( #D '( $ 
5.

Ten thousand people huddle inside a wall which encircles


low, flat5roofed houses built of baked mud. Dust, inches
thick, is stirred up by the camels and donkeys as they move
through the town. For six months in the year it never rains:
120 degrees in the shade is not uncommon.

 paragraph #. #/&'# % main idea   /&'/& ( 


.0)
  '#
/3'
' 1( main idea  paragraph  . .% '# /&
/&    '(  infer .  main idea  
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:

diagram  paragraph @!#
/3 /%#
# 

3. Supporting Detail ( 


 ! " )
 paragraph # main idea  (  #
#  
##
  %($% (support) & (

 
 

   


The following paragraph will demonstrate that the details of a paragraph support the
mainidea and are arranged in a logical pattern.
Main5Idea
Details supporting the main5idea

The process works like a chain reaction.


First anxiety and tension affect the
nervous system, which in turn affects
the hormonal balance of the body,
which then affects the metabolism
which also disturbs the resistance of the
body to fight disease.

Details are arranged in a chronological


cause and effect pattern.

 
 

   



:.  paragraph '# # main idea & /& The process works like a chain
reaction. % /& ,
/3/&'# support main idea '( %!
# -($(/$$
 cause 5 effect pattern.

4. Inferences (  "$ % & ' '(


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 (clue   hint)   '# %
@ %/& &!
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@/@* clue  + . clue in appearance, action,
expression  clues in comments and conversation
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   . F( clues 
hints #
#  HInferencesI
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For example, you must make inferences to understand this selection :
HRun along and play, AngieI her grandmother said abruptly. HSay good afternoon to Miss
Murdock.I
Angie got to her feet swiftly, glad to escape. HGAby, Miss Murdock,I she said.
HDonAt go off the block,I AngieAs mother prompted automatically HWeAll be eating in a
short while.I
Miss Murdock took the hint and got to her feet. HIAm very sorry to have taken up your
time,I she was saying stiffly, as Angie let herself out the front door. She looked up and down the
street, seeking a place to hide from Miss Murdock.
1. Does Miss Murdock seem to be a close relative, a casual acquaintance, or AngieAs
best friend?
a casual acquaintance___________________________
2. What clue in the story led to the inference you made in answering question 5?
calling her HMissI______________________________
3. What seems to be AngieAs opinion of Miss Murdock?
dislike, perhaps fear____________________________
4. What inference does Miss Murdock make when she stands up to leave?

 
 

   


She has overstayed her visit_______________________


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#$     '# Angie
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