DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................... I
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................... II
DAFTAR TABEL..................................................................................... III
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................... IV
I.

PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................
A. Latar Belakang ............................................................................
B. Tujuan .........................................................................................
C. Peta Kompetnsi ..........................................................................
D. Ruang Lingkup.............................................................................
E. Saran PenggunaanModul............................................................

1
1
2
3
8
8

II. PEMBELAJARAN.................................................................................
Kegiatan Pembelajaran I. Merancang Desain dan Tata Letak
Pembenihan Kekerangan .......................................................................
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Tujuan............................................................................................
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi.................................................
Uraian Materi.................................................................................
Aktivitas Pembelajaran..................................................................
Latihan/Kasus/Tugas.....................................................................
Rangkuman...................................................................................
Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut.....................................................
Kunci Jawaban..............................................................................

9
9
9
9
26
26
26
29
29

Kegiatan Pembelajaran II. Mengelola Wadah dan Media

Pembenihan Kerang............................................................................. 32
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Tujuan............................................................................................
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi.................................................
Uraian Materi.................................................................................
Aktivitas Pembelajaran..................................................................
Latihan/Kasus/Tugas.....................................................................
Rangkuman...................................................................................
Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut.....................................................
Kunci Jawaban..............................................................................

32
32
32
59
60
60
61
61

Kegiatan Pembelajaran III. Merekayasa Teknik Pengelolaan

Induk Kekerangan................................................................................. 63
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Tujuan..............................................................................................
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi....................................................
Uraian Materi...................................................................................
Aktivitas Pembelajaran.....................................................................
Latihan/Kasus/Tugas.......................................................................

63
63
63
80
80

F. Rangkuman...................................................................................... 81
G. Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut........................................................ 83
H. Kunci Jawaban................................................................................. 83
Kegiatan Pembelajaran IV. Merekayasa Teknik Pemijahan Kekerangan
(alami, Ransangan dengan aerasi, Kejutan Suhu, Eskpos,
Ransangan dengan Bahan Kimia, Ransangan dengan Sperm)............ 96
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Tujuan..............................................................................................
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi....................................................
Uraian Materi...................................................................................
Aktivitas Pembelajaran.....................................................................
Latihan/Kasus/Tugas.......................................................................
Rangkuman......................................................................................
Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut........................................................
Kunci Jawaban.................................................................................

96
96
97
112
113
113
116
116

Kegiatan Pembelajaran V. Merekayasa Penetasan Telur................. 118

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Tujuan..............................................................................................
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi....................................................
Uraian Materi...................................................................................
Aktivitas Pembelajaran.....................................................................
Latihan/Kasus/Tugas.......................................................................
Rangkuman......................................................................................
Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut........................................................
Kunci Jawaban.................................................................................

118
118
118
131
131
133
134
134

Kegiatan Pembelajaran VI. Merekayasa Teknik Pemeliharaan

Spat Kekerangan.................................................................................. 136
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Tujuan..............................................................................................
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi....................................................
Uraian Materi...................................................................................
Aktivitas Pembelajaran.....................................................................
Latihan/Kasus/Tugas.......................................................................
Rangkuman......................................................................................
Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut........................................................
Kunci Jawaban.................................................................................

136
136
136
151
152
152
153
153

Kegiatan Pembelajaran VII. Merekayasa Teknik Pendederan

(di Hatchry dan Laut)............................................................................ 156
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Tujuan..............................................................................................
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi....................................................
Uraian Materi...................................................................................
Aktivitas Pembelajaran.....................................................................
Latihan/Kasus/Tugas.......................................................................
Rangkuman......................................................................................
Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut........................................................
Kunci Jawaban.................................................................................

156
156
156
171
171
171
171
174

Kegiatan Pembelajaran VIII. Mengelola Pemanenan Kerang............... 176

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Tujuan..............................................................................................
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi....................................................
Uraian Materi...................................................................................
Aktivitas Pembelajaran.....................................................................
Latihan/Kasus/Tugas.......................................................................
Rangkuman......................................................................................
Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut........................................................
Kunci Jawaban.................................................................................

176
176
176
185
185
186
188
188

Kegiatan Pembelajaran IX. Mengembangkan Teknik Pascapanen...... 190

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Tujuan..............................................................................................
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi....................................................
Uraian Materi...................................................................................
Aktivitas Pembelajaran.....................................................................
Latihan/Kasus/Tugas.......................................................................
Rangkuman......................................................................................
Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut........................................................
Kunci Jawaban.................................................................................

190
190
190
198
199
200
202
202

Kegiatan Pembelajaran X. Merancang Sistem Pengangkutan/

Transportasi Kerang Hidup dan Segar (tertutup dan terbuka).............. 204
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Tujuan..............................................................................................
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi....................................................
Uraian Materi...................................................................................
Aktivitas Pembelajaran.....................................................................
Latihan/Kasus/Tugas.......................................................................
Rangkuman......................................................................................
Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut........................................................
Kunci Jawaban.................................................................................

204
204
204
206
207
207
209
209

Kegiatan Pembelajaran XI. Merencanakan Analisis Usaha Pembesaran

Kekerangan.......................................................................................... 210
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Tujuan..............................................................................................
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi....................................................
Uraian Materi...................................................................................
Aktivitas Pembelajaran.....................................................................
Latihan/Kasus/Tugas.......................................................................
Rangkuman......................................................................................
Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut........................................................
Kunci Jawaban.................................................................................

210
210
210
214
214
219
219
221

III. EVALUASI 226

IV.. PENUTUP . 227
DAFTAR PUSTAKA..228
GLOSARIUM 229

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1. Wadah Pemeliharaan Metode Rakit........................................

Gambar 2. Rakit Pemeliharaan untuk Tiram Mutiara................................. 10

Gambar 3. Wadah Pemeliharaan Metode Cagak...................................... 11
Gambar 4. Wadah pemeliharaan Metode Dulang..................................... 11
Gambar 5. Bak Induk................................................................................ 12
Gambar 6. Bak Pemijahan........................................................................ 13
Gambar 7. Keranjang Induk...................................................................... 13
Gambar 8. Bak Pemeliharaan Larva Tiram Mutiara................................... 14
Gambar 9. Spat Kolektor Tiram Mutiara.................................................... 15
Gambar 10. Tata Letak Wadah dalam Hatchery........................................ 16
Gambar 11. Metode Long Line Pemeliharaan Induk................................. 25
Gambar 12. Metode Rakit Pemeliharaan Induk........................................ 25
Gambar 13. Bak Fiber untuk Persiapan Induk........................................... 26
Gambar 14. Pocket Net............................................................................. 27
Gambar 15. Stereofoam Pemijahan.......................................................... 28
Gambar 16. Fiberglas Wadah Pemijahan.................................................. 29
Gambar 17. Bak pemeliharaan Larva Tiram Mutiara................................. 30
Gambar 18. Spat Kolektor Tiram Mutiara.................................................. 31
Gambar 19. Sanfilter Cartridge.................................................................. 34
Gambar 20. Wadah Disabun, Disiram Air Tawar dan Air Panas................ 35
Gambar 21. Filter Bag............................................................................... 35
Gambar 22. Pipa Inlet............................................................................... 37
Gambar 23. Pompa................................................................................... 37
Gambar 24. Hatchery Outdoor.................................................................. 38

Gambar 25. Baji, Forshape dan Spatula................................................... 38

Gambar 26. Air Laut Dipompa ke Hatchery............................................... 40
Gambar 27. Bak Filter Air.......................................................................... 42
Gambar 28. Blower Aerasi........................................................................ 43
Gambar 29. Kerangjang jaring (pocket).................................................... 45
Gambar 30. Spat Kolektor dari Bahan PE (PolyEthylene) uk 30 x 40 cm.. 46
Gambar 31. Pocket yang telah Dipasang Cover Net................................. 47
Gambar 32. Bendera yang akan Digunakan............................................. 47
Gambar 33. Pelampung Bola dari Bahan Plastik...................................... 48
Gambar 34. Jangkar Tancap dari Bahan Besi........................................... 49
Gambar 35. Kultur Pakan Alami Kerang Mutiara (P. maxima)................... 49
Gambar 36. Hachery Kerang Mutiara (P. maxima).................................... 50
Gambar 37. Seleksi Calon Induk Kerang Mutiara (P. maxima).................. 59
Gambar 38. Seleksi Calon Induk Kerang Mutiara (P. maxima).................. 59
Gambar 39. Gonad Kerang Mutiara (P. maxima)....................................... 65
Gambar 40. Membuka Cangkang Kerang Mutiara (P. maxima)................ 69
Gambar 41. Induk Dipuasakan 15-24 jam................................................. 69
Gambar 42. Induk di ruang AC selama 1 jam............................................ 70
Gambar 43. Struktur asam -amino, dengan Gugus Amina di sebelah
Kiri dan Gugus Karboksil di sebelah Kanan.......................... 83
Gambar 44. Dua Model Molekul Isomer Optis Asam Amino Alanina......... 84
Gambar 45. Reaksi Kondensasi Dua Asam Amino Membentuk Ikatan
Peptida................................................................................. 84
Gambar 46. Asam Amino dalam Bentuk tidak Terion (kiri) dan dalam
Bentuk zwitter-ion................................................................. 85
Gambar 47. Telur yang Terbuahi............................................................... 100
Gambar 48. Induk yang telah berumur 5 tahun......................................... 102
Gambar 49. Telur yang Dipanen dengan Sifhon........................................ 111
Gambar 50. Telur Kerang Distoples Diaerasi............................................ 111
Gambar 51. Saringan Bertingkat 25 m dan 40 m.................................. 112
Gambar 52. Proses Perkembangan Telur................................................. 117
Gambar 53. Proses Penangan Telur......................................................... 123
Gambar 54. Siklus Hidup Kerang Mutiara................................................. 129
Gambar 55. Spat ukuran 0,5-1 mm........................................................... 129

Gambar 56. Penyusunan Spat yang Teratur di dalam Poket akan

Mencegah terjadinya Saling Tumpang Tindih, serta
Meminimalkan Pengaruh human error.................................. 130
Gambar 57. Pemeliharaan Kerang Metoda Lama, yang harus
Disempurnakan. Metode ini tidak tepat, karena
Menyebabkan Kematian Akibat tidak Teratur dan
Tumpang Tindih/persaingan antara Spat.............................. 131
Gambar 58. Kolektor Spat......................................................................... 137
Gambar 59. Wadah Kolektor Spat Pemeliharaan di Laut.......................... 140
Gambar 60. Kolektor Spat......................................................................... 157
Gambar 61. Wadah Kolektor Spat Pemeliharaan di Laut.......................... 160
Gambar 62. Pembersihan Wadah Kolektor Spat Pemeliharaan
di Laut................................................................................... 160
Gambar 63. Penyemprotan....................................................................... 169
Gambar 64. Kerang yg sudah Dibaji......................................................... 170
Gambar 65. Operasi.................................................................................. 171
Gambar 66. Forsep (Pembuka Cangkang),............................................... 184
Gambar 67. d.Tweezer.............................................................................. 185
Gambar 68. Spon Mantel.......................................................................... 185
Gambar 69. Baji........................................................................................ 186

DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. Alat dan Bahan yang Digunakan dalam Kultur Phytoplankton.....

Tabel 2. Alat dan Bahan Pemijahan, Penetesan dan Pemeliharaan Larva6

Tabel 3. Spesifikasi Rakit.......................................................................... 24
Tabel 4. Persyaratan Hidup Optimal Media Kerang Mutiara...................... 32
Tabel 5. Pola Kombinasi Pemberian Pakan Alami..................................... 132
Tabel 6. Pola Kombinasi pemberian Pakan Alami..................................... 151
Tabel 7. Perhitungan Biaya Investasi........................................................ 207
Tabel 8. Perhitungan Biaya Penyusutan.................................................... 207
Tabel 9. Biaya Tetap.................................................................................. 208
Tabel 10. Biaya tidak Tetap (Variable Cost)............................................... 208
Tabel 11. Kelayakan Proyek Budidaya Mutiara.......................................... 209
Tabel 12. Kelayakan Proyek Budidaya Mutiara......................................... 210
Tabel 13. Kelayakan Proyek Budidaya Mutiara Sensitivitas