INTRODUCTION

There is several operating principal of the flow meter, such as differential pressure meter,
velocity meter, area meter, positive displacement meter, orifice meter, turbine meter,
magnetic meter, gas ionization meter, NMR meter, ultrasonic meter and etcetera. A flow
meter is a device that measure flow rate, which is the quantity of fluid per unit of time in an
open or closed circuit (Chattopadhyay, 2006). In this experiment, the type of meter that is
going to be used is a gas flow meter, used to measure the volume of the gas flow.

Figure 1 : Gas Flow Meter

Calibrations of gas flow meters are performed with primary standards that are based on
measurements of more fundamental quantities, such as length, mass, and time. Primary flow
calibrations are accomplished by collecting a measured mass or volume of a flowing fluid
over a measured time interval. The ratio of the collected mass to the measured time interval
equals the time-averaged mass flow at the meter under test (MUT). To ensure that the
instantaneous mass flow equals the time-averaged value, the flow at the MUT should be
maintained under steady state conditions of flow, pressure, and temperature (Olsen &
Baumgarten, 1971).

In this particular study, there are five gas flow meters to be calibrated. There is several
method of flow meter calibration that being applied worldwide, and divided into two which is
in-situ and laboratory. Some of the calibration test that can be used is D/P Transmitter
Calibration, Magnetic flow meter Calibration, Calibration using a Master Meter (Prover),
Gravimetric method and other methods. In here, the calibration was done using the Master
Meter or Prover. (Cable, 2005)

RESULT
PART 1: SIMULTANEOUS VERIFICATION OF DIAPHRAGM GAS METER
Temperature
(c)

Pressure
(bar)

Initial
volume, Vi
(L)

Final volume,
Vo (L)

Vo - Vi
(L)

First 2 minutes
Meter no 1

23.9

24.534

19069

19094

25

Meter no 2

23.0

20.462

18786

18817

31

Meter no 3

23.8

15.564

18326

18351

25

Meter no 4

23.7

10.566

17586

17611

25

Meter no 5

24.1

5.682

18030

18062

32

Ref Meter

23.1

27.394

54476

54501

25

19904

19124

4 minutes
Meter no 1

23.9

25.014

30
Meter no 2

23.0

20.887

18817

18838
21

Meter no 3

23.9

15.874

18351

18378

Meter no 4

23.6

10.761

17611

17636

27
25

Meter no 5

24.1

5.802

18062

18098
36

Ref Meter

23.1

27.962

54501

54525
24

PART 2: INDIVIDUAL VERIFICATION OF DIAPHRAGM GAS METER

A. DIAPHARGM METER 1 AND REFERENCE METER

Temperature
(c)

Pressure
(mbar)

Initial
volume, Vi
(L)

Final
volume, Vo
(L)

21.069

19122

19166

Vo - Vi
(L)

First 2 minutes
Meter no 1

24.0

44
Ref Meter

23.1

25.908

54528

54569

23.9

21.884

19166

19204

41

4 minutes
Meter no 1

38
Ref Meter

23.1

26.347

54569

54609
40

B. DIAPHRAGM METER 2 AND REFERENCE METER

Temperature
(c)

Pressure
(mbar)

Initial
volume, Vi
(L)

Final
volume, Vo
(L)

23.135

18859

18896

Vo - Vi
(L)

First 2 minutes
Meter no 2

23.1

37
Ref Meter

23.1

26.629

54611

54648

23.1

22.153

18896

18933

37

4 minutes
Meter no 2

37

Ref Meter

23.1

26.659

54648

54683
37

C. DIAPHRAGM METER 3 AND REFERENCE METER

Temperature
(c)

Pressure
(mbar)

Initial
volume, Vi
(L)

Final
volume, Vo
(L)

20.055

18380

18421

Vo - Vi
(L)

First 2 minutes
Meter no 3

24.0

41
Ref Meter

23.1

26.092

54687

54727
40

4 minutes
Meter no

24.1

20.615

18421

18462
41

Ref Meter

23.1

26.147

54727

54767
40

D. DIAPHRAGM METER 4 AND REFERENCE METER

Temperature
(c)

Pressure
(mbar)

Initial
volume, Vi
(L)

Final
volume, Vo
(L)

20.171

17639

17681

Vo - Vi
(L)

First 2 minutes
Meter no 4

23.9

42
Ref Meter

23.1

25.979

54768

54809
41

4 minutes
Meter no 4

23.6

20.246

17681

17722

Ref Meter

23.1

26.038

54809

54850

41
41

E. DIAPHRAGM METER 5 AND REFERENCE METER

Temperature
(c)

Pressure
(mbar)

Initial
volume, Vi
(L)

Final
volume, Vo
(L)

Vo - Vi
(L)

First 2 minutes
Meter no 5

24.3

20.282

18092

18132

Ref Meter

23.1

26.180

54856

54896

24.2

20.137

18132

18172

40
40

4 minutes
Meter no 5

40
Ref Meter

23.1

26.293

54896

54935
39

CALCULATED PERCENTAGE OF ERROR & CORRECTION FACTOR (2 minutes)

Meter Y
Meter no 1
Meter no 2
Meter no 3
Meter no 4
Meter no 5

Simultaneously
% errors
0
19.35
0
0
21.8

% correction
0
-24
0
0
-28

Individually
% errors
6.82
0
2.44
2.4
0

% correction
-7.32
0
-2.5
-2.5
0

CALCULATED PERCENTAGE OF ERROR & CORRECTION FACTOR (4 minutes)

Meter Y
Meter no 1
Meter no 2
Meter no 3
Meter no 4
Meter no 5
CALCULATION

Simultaneously
% errors
20
-14.4
11.1
4
33.3

% correction
-25
12.5
-12.5
-4.17
-50

Individually
% errors
-5.26
0
2.44
0
2.5

% correction
5
0
-2.5
0
-2.56

Example from first four minutes from individually meter 5

Where,

Meter 5

= 40

Reference meter

= 38

Percentage error
errors=

meter 5reference meter

100
meter 5

errors=

4039
100
40

errors=2.5

Percentage correction
corrections=

reference meter meter 5

100
reference meter

corrections=

3940
100
39

corrections=2.56

REFERENCES
1. Lab Manual for Gas Calibration. Faculty of Chemical Engineering (2016)
2. Cable, M. (2005). Calibration: A Technician's Guide. ISA.
3. Chattopadhyay. (2006). Flowmeters & Flow Measurement. Asian Books Private
Limited.
4. Olsen, L. and Baumgarten, G., Gas Flow Measurement by Collection Time and
Density in a Constant Volume, Flow: Its Measurement and Control in Science and
Industry, ISA, (1971), pp. 1287 - 1295.

APPENDICES