Laica Marie R.

Mallorca

BSTM-III

Assignment:
Research on the following information (please attached it in your manual):
1. 7 Wonders of the Ancient World
The Pyramids in Giza (Egypt) was constructed between 2584 and 2561 BCE for the
Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu (known in Greek as `Cheops') and was the tallest man-made
structure in the world for almost 4,000 years. Excavations of the interior of the pyramid
were only initiated in earnest in the late 18th and early 19th centuries CE and so the
intricacies of the interior which so intrigue modern people were unknown to the ancient
writers. It was the structure itself with its perfect symmetry and imposing height which
impressed ancient visitors.
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Near Baghdad) if they existed as described, were
built by Nebuchadnezzar II between 605-562 BCE as a gift to his wife. They are
described by the ancient writer Diodorus Siculus as being self-watering planes of exotic
flora and fauna reaching a height of over 75 feet (23 metres) through a series of climbing
terraces. Diodorus wrote that Nebuchadnezzar's wife, Amtis of Media, missed the
mountains and flowers of her homeland and so the king commanded that a mountain be
created for her in Babylon. The contoversy over whether the gardens existed comes from
the fact that they are nowhere mentioned in Babylonian history and that Herodotus, `the
Father of History', makes no mention of them in his descriptions of Babylon. There are
many other ancient facts, figures, and places Herodotus fails to mention, however, or has
been shown to be wrong about. Diodorus, Philo, and the historian Strabo all claim the
gardens existed. They were destroyed by an earthquake sometime after the 1st century
CE.
The Statue of Zeus at Olympia (Greece) was 40 feet (12 metres) high and presented the
great god seated on a throne with skin of ivory and robes of hammered gold. The statue
was created by the sculptor Phidias, who also worked on the Parthenon of Athens.
Visitors to the site were dwarfed by the immense statue which was situated, and probably
lighted, to produce great feelings of awe, wonder, and humility. After the rise of
Christianity, the Temple at Olympia was increadingly neglected and fell into ruin and the
Olympic Games, then considered `pagan rites' were banned by the church. The statue was
carried off to Constantinople where it was destroyed at some point in an earthquake in the
5th or 6th centuries CE.
The Temple of Diana at Ephesus (Turkey) was completed in 550 BCE and was 425 feet
(129 metres) high, 225 feet (69 metres) wide, and supported by 127 60 foot (18 metres)
columns. The temple is described by every ancient writer who mentions it with awe and
reverence for its beauty. It was destroyed 21 July 356 by a man named Herostratus who
set fire to the temple in order that his name be remembered. Because of this, the
Ephesians executed him and prohibited his name from being spoken or written down. The

historian Theopompus, however, wishing to write a complete history of the temple,

recorded his name for posterity. The temple was re-built twice, on a more modest scale,
and the first building was later destroyed by the Goths while the second was completely
laid to waste by a Christian mob led by Saint John Chrysostom in 401 CE.
The Mausoleum (Halicarnassus, Turkey) was built in 351 BCE as the tomb for the
Persian Satrap Mauslos.It was 135 feet (41 metres) tall and ornamented with intricate
sculpture. Mauslos and his wife, Artemisia, chose Halicarnassus as their capital and
devoted themselves to making it the most beautiful and impressive city in the world.
When Mauslos died in 353 BCE, Artemisia commissioned the tomb be built to match the
splendor of the city the two of them had created. She died two years after him and her
ashes were entombed with him in the building. It was destroyed by a series of
earthquakes and lay in ruin until it was completely dismantled by the Knights of St. John
of Malta in 1494 CE who used the stones in building their castle at Bodrum. It is from the
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus that the English word `mausoleum' is derived.
The Colussus (Rhodes) is frequently imagined by those in the modern day as an
enormous figure who stradled the harbor of the island city of Rhodes. This is due to 19th
and early 20th century CE depictions of the statue but, actually, it was much closer to the
Statue of Liberty in the Manhattan harbor of the United States of America. It was built
between 292 and 280 BCE and stood over 110 feet (33 metres) high. The statue was
commissioned to commemorate the defeat of the invading army of Demetrius in 304 BCE
and stood for 56 years until it was brought down by an earthquake. According to the
historian Strabo, it remained a popular tourist attraction even in ruin. Theophanes,
another historian, recounts how these ruins were carted away in 654 CE to be melted
down.
The Pharos Lighthouse (Alexandria, Egypt) was completed c. 280 BCE and stood 440
feet (134 metres) high. It was the tallest man-made structure after the pyramids of Giza
and its light could be seen 35 miles out to sea. Ancient writers agree that the lighthouse
was so beautiful they could not find words adequate to describe it. It was severely
damaged in an earthquake in 956 CE and, by 1480 CE after further damage by
earthquakes, it was gone.

2. Factoids (Source: Selling the Sea, Bob Dickinson and Andy Vladimir)

A cruise company typically purchases over $600 million of food and beverages
each year.
Mass-market cruise lines spend about $10 per day per passenger for raw
foodstuffs. For the most expensive lines, the average is about $40.
On a weeklong cruise aboard a large vessel, about 5,000 cases of wine and
champagne are used.
Many ship gyms use air-resistance exercise machines. The kind that incorporate
actual weights would be too heavy.
A fully equipped ship-based gym and spa costs about a half-million dollars.
One-third to one-half of the people onboard a ship are crew members.
Large cruise ships typically carry $3 million of spare parts.
The typical dining room server makes $25,000 to $30,000 a year in salary and tips
(and crew members have few onboard living expenses).
On most cruise lines, the main source of revenue onboard is beverage sales (so
many places and opportunities to buy).
People who gamble on a ship spend about $10 a day.
In Bermuda, the typical cruise passenger spends $90 while in port.

Practice Quiz
Fill in the blanks.
1. Cruise ship is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and
the ship's amenities are part of the experience, as well as the different destinations along
the way.
2. In Ancient times, ships sailed in the legendary Mediterranean Sea mostly for the
practical reasons of exploration, commerce, migration and welfare.
3. Pyramid of Giza is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still
standing.
4. The Pyramids in Giza (Egypt), The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Near Baghdad), The
Statue of Zeus at Olympia (Greece), The Temple of Diana at Ephesus (Turkey), The
Mausoleum (Halicarnassus, Turkey), The Colussus (Rhodes), The Pharos Lighthouse
(Alexandria, Egypt) are the seven wonders of the Ancient World.
5. The ship is divided into three classes; _________,___________,______.
6. In what time leisure travel disappeared?
7. Who compiled the list of the most interesting man-made things during the ancient
time?
Essay (5points).
1. Explain the history of cruising and how it affects todays cruise vacation experience?
Shipping before primarily concerned with mail and cargo having route from North
America to Europe. The next change was having an immigrant from Europe to America
with a cow on board to supply passengers with fresh milk. However, the first true leisure
cruise occurred in 1844 when P&O Cruises, then formally known as Peninsular Steam
Navigation Company, sailed passengers on small liners to the Mediterranean for the sole
purpose of pleasure. P&O Cruises later expanded its services to include the British
Empire, India, the Orient, Australia and New Zealand. Nowadays cruising was mainly
use for leisure travel offering the best accommodation for passengers who wanted to
escape from hustle and bustle of the city.