Sustainable consumption and Production (SCP)

As the population around the world increased rapidly, the resources uses have been increase
exponential. But we have only limited resource hence we stated exploitation with the resource
which leading to adverse impacts on the environment over the time.
The Indias economy is in developing and having approximately 18% of the world population
which is definitely leads to scarce of resources to fulfil the needs of its large and ever increasing
population. Moreover, the consumption behaviour of Indian middle class population also shifted
to upper side as a result of rise in the income level. To continue the growth rate of Indian
economy is necessary to address sustainability in resource consumption, therefore, a
Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) approaches in India are need to be
implemented with immediate effects.
Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) considers a life cycle based analysis (LCA) of
goods or services to detect its impacts (positive or negative) on the environment as well as
human. It purposes to promote better consumption practices and cleaner production systems
through resource efficiency and sustainable infrastructure. For developing countries like India,
SCP is an opportunity to move towards a more resource efficient and environmentally friendly
technologies. The various elements of SCP

Role of Green Product to Promote SCP in India

Green Products are usually passes through life-cycle analysis approach hence it the products
made with consideration such an approach can reduce the impact they have on the environment
as well human. Products developed and manufactured keeping in view such concerns are
expected to have minimal negative impact on the human health and the environment across its

life cycle. Hence the shift from conventional products to greener alternatives will thus result in
conservation of resources and better quality of life on the planet.

Green Product:
Till date there is no established definition for green product but in simple word it can be defined
as these are the products made with given consideration of life cycle analysis hence expected
having no or lesser adverse impact in environment as well as human being through the life of the
product compared to any other similar type of products.
Green Product Attributes
Compliance to Environmental, Health and Safety Regulations
Resource Conservation and Efficiency
Exclusions and Preferences based on Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Environmental Protection and Conservation of Biodiversity
Reporting and Responsible Disclosure of Product Information
Biodegradability and Compostability

Green Products - Indian Scenario

Till date there will be very less emphasis on product oriented standard in India though
environmental protection in India has been a governmental priority with a well-established
regulatory system, the focus has been more on emissions and waste management. The change
into the market availability of green products can be achieved through development and
implementation of standards for green products may boost the SCP in India. Some of the policy
instrument and voluntary initiative to promote green product in India given below
The Indian Ecomark Scheme: In 1991, MoEF, Government of India, launched its very
own ecolabelling scheme called Ecomark for recognition and authentication of green
products in India.
Energy Efficiency Labelling Scheme in India: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
is an agency of the Government of India, under the Ministry of Power created in March
2002 under the provisions of the nation's 2001 Energy Conservation Act

 National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP): National Programme for

Organic Production formed in 2000 by Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government
of India to focus on developing an organized organic agriculture system
Reference:

Green Purchasing Network India (www.gpnindia.org) Communicating Green Products to

Consumers in India to promote Sustainable Consumption and Production, A Study based on the
Consumer Perceptions of Green Products in India

Energy Efficiency Initiatives driven Center Electricity Regulatory Commission

Perform, Achieve and Trade:

Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) is a market based mechanism to enhance cost effectiveness
of improvements in energy efficiency in energy intensive large industries and facilities, through
certification on energy savings that could be traded. Targets for improvements in energy
efficiency are set under section 14 of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 in a manner that
reflects fuel usage and the economic effort involved. The Government, in March 2007 notified
units in nine industrial sectors, namely aluminium, cement, chlor-alkali, fertilizers, iron and steel
pulp and paper, railways, textiles and thermal power plants, as Designated Consumers(DCs).
The PAT scheme establishes plant-specific targets the approach is as follows:

Specification of specific energy consumption (SEC) norm for each designated consumer
in the baseline year and in the target year (*2);

Verification of the SEC of each designated consumer in the baseline year and in the
target year by an accredited verification agency;

Issuance of Energy Savings Certificates (ESCerts) to those designated consumers who

exceed their target SEC reduction;

Trading of ESCerts with designated consumers who are unable to meet their target SEC
reduction after three years;

Checking of compliance, and reconciliation of ESCerts at the end of the 3-year period. In
case of non-compliance, a financial penalty is due.

The scheme is being designed and implemented by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE),
under the Ministry of Power of India. A newly established company Energy Efficiency Services
Ltd (EESL) will administer the trading.
Demand Side Management:

Demand Side Management (DSM) is described as the planning, implementation and monitoring
of utilitys activities designed to encourage customers to amend their electricity consumption
patterns, both with respect to timing and level of electricity demand so as to help the customers
to use electricity more efficiently. DSM can complement supply-side strategies to help meet
electric service demands(which is increased due to economic activity and population growth) by
assisting utilities avoid or delay costly capacity additions by slowing demand growth. To promote
DSM, the Government is continuously introducing various policies and programmes targeting
different sectors such as appliances, buildings, industries, etc. State electricity regulatory
commissions are making DSMs objectives and targets for the Distribution Licensee, to mandate
it to undertake DSM activities. A detailed guideline in the form of regulations given by SERCs to
distribution licensees for the implementation of DSM activities.
Renewable Purchase Obligation:

It is the obligation to be fulfilled by obligated entity to consume energy through renewable energy
sources with a defined minimum percentage of its total consumption of electricity. The defined
minimum percentage will vary from time to time. In the event Obligated entity is not able to fulfil
its renewable purchase obligation, the same can be achieved by purchasing of renewable energy
Certificates (RECs). The obligation to purchase electricity from generation based on solar as
renewable energy source can be fulfilled by purchase of solar certificates only, and the obligation
to purchase electricity from generation based on renewable energy other than solar can be
fulfilled by purchase of non-solar certificates. The RECs can be traded in power exchange
markets.
Promotion of Co-generation
A cogeneration facility is defined as one which simultaneously produces two or more forms of
useful energy such as electric power and steam, electric power and shaft (mechanical) power
etc. Cogeneration facilities, due to their ability to utilize the available energy in more than one
form, use significantly less fuel input to produce electricity, steam, shaft power or other forms of
energy than would be needed to produce them separately. Thus by achieving higher efficiency,
cogeneration facilities can make a significant contribution to energy conservation.
All the above mentioned initiatives relate to better utilization of energy source mainly fossil fuel.
Also these can tremendously reduce CO2 emissions and other pollutants which are being
generated in the whole process. Through these initiatives the objective of sustainability can be
achieved.
References:
https://beeindia.gov.in/content/pat-3.
http://www.forumofregulators.gov.in/Data/study/Model%20DSM%20Regulations.pdf.
http://jserc.org/pdf/regulations/gazetteno523.pdf
http://jserc.org/pdf/regulations/gazete_419.pdf.

http://powermin.nic.in/Policy-Captive-Co-Generation-Plants.