PT.

IndoArch Sumberdaya Tambang

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Coal Outcrop Mapping

Standard Operational
Procedure (SOP)
Faizal Razi Kaoy
Rudi Mashuri

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OPS-SOP -1
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Company Name

: PT. IndoArch Sumberdaya Tambang

Document No.

: OPS-SOP-1

Document Title

: Standart Operation Procedure Coal Outcrop Mapping

(SOP), based on SNI, 1998 and JORC

Objective

: Explain the standart operation procedure (SOP)

outcrop mapping for exploration stage and the report
: 15 pages

Page

Jakarta, 4 April 2013,

Prepared by,

Approved by,

Faizal Razi Kaoy

Geologist

Rudi Mashuri
Operational Director

PT. IndoArch Sumberdaya Tambang

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Coal Outcrop Mapping

Standard Operational
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Faizal Razi Kaoy
Rudi Mashuri

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Amandement Records
Revision No.

Effective Date

Remark of revision

Prepared by

Edition No

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Coal Outcrop Mapping

Standard Operational
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Faizal Razi Kaoy
Rudi Mashuri

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A. Purposes
1. Standardization of geological mapping and stage works
2. Inventory of good geological and stored in the form of systematic geological database
3. Collecting the actual of coal resource
B. Target
1. The calculation of resource estimation and quality
2. The result of geological mapping is then used for reference in determining in the location of
the shallow drilling and drilling in stratigraphy
3. Geological data recording is good, systematic and quality is necessary for geological database
which is the initial data in consideration of the determination of the prospect area
4. The correct interpretation of the geological condition of good geological data are also needed
for the result interpretation presented in the form of geological maps can be accounted for
and used for the next phase of exploration activity
C. Responsible
1. Authorities to account for geological mapping activities are level manager, a minimum level
of superintendent
D. Input Data Required in Process
1. Desk study
2. Field investigation for data retrieval
3. Geological database
4. Data evaluation and processing
E. Output Generated
1. Final report geological mapping
2. Distribution map of coal outcrop and support
3. Geological map
F. Cycle Time
1. The time required for the desk study (pre Field) is a maximum of 1 month
2. The time required for field investigation in order to capture the data is depend area
3. The time required for pour data into the database from the field of geology is maximum of 1
month
4. The time taken to perform data evaluation and processing a maximum of 1 months

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Coal Outcrop Mapping

Standard Operational
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Faizal Razi Kaoy
Rudi Mashuri

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G. Flow Chart (Process)

Fig 1. Flow Chart Mapping

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Standard Operational
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Faizal Razi Kaoy
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H. Work instruction
1. Desk Study (Pre-Field)
Desk study is initial geological information gathering activities before the field investigation
that aims to narrow the study area. Preliminary information is obtained from the regional
geological maps, topography map (Bakonsurtanal or Global Mapper) and other map also
information about an area which is then used to generate a map plan mapping path
1.1. Regional geology Map
Regional geologic map rock formations contain information, regional geological structured
and direction of the general stance and tilt rock layers. From this map, can be delineated
boundary formation of coal carriers (coal bearing formation) so that the mapping area can
be reduced. Regional geological structured and direction of the general stance and slope of
layers can be used in trajectory planning
1.2. Topography Map
Way as the earth contains information map topography, roads, streams, land use and
demographics. Topography can be used as morphological information and can be
interpreted regional geologic condition of a region (the position of rock layers and the
regional geological structure) as an initial picture of the geological conditions. From the
results of this interpretation, mapping area can be reduced again. The flow of rivers and
road to note that the mapping track just past the river and road that cuts strike direction
only. While information on the roads, land use and demographics can be used in planning
the achievement of the location mapping.
1.3. Plan Map
Plan map is a map of the reference trajectory mapping in geological mapping in making the
track plan, which must be considered are:
a. Traverse must be cut in order to strike bedrock stratigraphy of rocks can be known
b. Traverse from of the trajectory of a river or wall road
Plan the trajectory of map, made plans for the track day to day mapping that mapping
activities actually planned and systematic
1.4. Previous Researchers
The result of previous studies by the person/agency in the area of research plans and
intersect with the study area can be used as a reference aid for the manufacture of a work
plan mapping
2. Field Investigation
Once the map plan trajectories and trajectory plan made continued on the next stage is to
take the field investigation data. Stage of field investigation consists of several activities

PT. IndoArch Sumberdaya Tambang

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Coal Outcrop Mapping

Standard Operational
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Faizal Razi Kaoy
Rudi Mashuri

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2.1. Preparation tools

The tools should be prepared for geological mapping are:
- Hammer geology
- Gauges (5 & 30 Meter)
- Compass Geology
- Camera
- Field Book
- Sample bags
- Loop
- Label sample
- GPS (Global Positioning System)
- Stapler large
- Clipboard
- Pencil, spidol, triangle ruler
2.2. Data Collecting
2.2.1. Traversing
In doing crossing (traversing) which needs to be considered is the position. Once on the
track, first determine the position with a GPS or map reading. Each movement should
ways be monitored with light track log GPS (GPS should always be turned on) recorded
movement in the field notebook when doing passing and compass
If using GPS, which take into account is not lost GPS signal and make sure the GPS
positioning accuracy is good enough. The tools can be used machetes if there is no stub
street. Trajectory can be replaced in the field in accordance with the conditions in the
field
2.2.2. Observation
Outcrop observation Is a key activity in the geological data retrieval. Ability analysis of
outcrop geology in determining the correct observation /absence data. The sequence of
work steps in outcrop observation (outcrop) are:
a. Positioning outcrop
When finding outcrops (coal and geological or structure). Was first performed was
the positioning outcrop. Record by marking the position of outcrop and record GOPS
coordinates and elevation outcrops in the field notebook. If the GPS signal is lost at
the outcrop position, do the passing and the nearest point of the compass from the
GPS signal gets to the point of outcrop
b. Cleaning outcrop (Outcrop Cleaning)
Before performing the analysis for the geological outcrop, cleaning should be done so
that the fresh rock (fresh) of each interval outcrop, visible from the roof to the floor
so that observation can take a maximum. This outcrop cleaning using tools hoes,
machetes, crowbars.
c. Code outcrop, mapping time, weather condition and geologist
All the above points area recorded in field notebooks. The provision of the of the
code must be regular and systematic outcrop. The name is a sequence of initials
name geologist- name company-name concession-station observation-number of
sample

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Coal Outcrop Mapping

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Faizal Razi Kaoy
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Example: the name geologist is Faizal Razi (initial FR), name of company is PT.
Advance Marketing and Service (initial AMS), name concession (initials BBK), station
observation (initial 01), number of sample (initial is 001) so the code outcrop is
FR/AMS-BBK/01/001
d. Measurement Strike and Dip
The code is name strike and dip example N180E/20
e. Determination of roof and floor
Write down the roof and floor, determination of roof and floor sediments note of the
existing structure. This is useful for determining the top and bottom of the coal seam.
Roof and floor rock layers here are non-coal top and bottom of one or more coal
seam

Fig 2. Sampling Procedure based on JORC

f. Making Channel (trenching) In outcrop
Making channel aims to description of activities rock. By making the channel,
expected part of the fresh rock can be revealed and all the layers of rock from top to
bottom looks so complete description of the rocks can be done from top to bottom
rocks (coal or non-coal)

PT. IndoArch Sumberdaya Tambang

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Coal Outcrop Mapping

Standard Operational
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Faizal Razi Kaoy
Rudi Mashuri

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g. Description of outcrops
In outcrops description of rocks intervals to note is that in the description and the
description of the rock and the type of lithology. Step description the coal outcrop,
namely:

Fig 3. Description of Coal

Lithology description of the non-coal is:

-

Color
Grain Size, is the size (diameter of rock fragments). Restriction scale used is Wentworth
scale
Sorting, is the degree of uniformity of the grain glossary-term used are good
disaggregated (item-as large grains), moderate and poor disaggregated
Roundness is the degree of curvature of each fragment grains. They are: well rounded,
rounded, sub-rounded, angular and sub-angular

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h. Fabric, is the nature of the relationship between the grains, their unity in a mass base
or between the cement. The term open containers used for grains which are not
touching and closed containers for grains that are touching each other
i. Porosity, the ratio between the number of cavity volume and the overall volume of a
rock. In this case the term can be used a qualitative term that is a function of rock to
the fluid absorption, example porosity is very good, good, medium and poor were
tested with a drop of liquid
j. Structure of sediment
Sedimentary structures included in the primary structure, ie a structure that is
formed when the rock formation (at the time of sedimentation). Some sedimentary
structures can be observed only at one or several unit of bedding. Bedding can be
indicated by differences in grain size or color of the constituent material. Varied from
a thin bedding (lamination) until thick
- Graded bedding
Arrangement bedding of coarse grains gradually become smooth in bedding unit.
This structure can be used as a guide, generally coarse grain which Is part of the
bottom until smooth layer of the upper
- Cross bedding
Is a truncated form of a layer on the top by next layer of a different angle. Mainly
found in sandstone
- Ripple current
Form of wavy bedding, such as wrinkles in a single layer
k. Sampling of coal
Something to consider in sampling of coal, they are:
- Sample is put into a sample bag plated then the sample is inserted between the
outer layer of the sample bags and sample bags lining the outside, this label does
not prevent direct contact with the sample.
- Note the sample list in the field notebook
- Each plastic sample (bag) rolled into one in accordance with the code of outcrop
and tied /stapled together with a strong and true, so that no scattering or spilling
and makes it easier to re-check sample
- Sample taken directly to the camp or places that have been provided before being
brought to the laboratory. If the location is close to the laboratory samples can be
directly taken to the lab
- Of the sampling sites to the laboratory, sample should not be rained or damaged it
can reduce the accuracy of the analysis result

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Coal Outcrop Mapping

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l. Mark outcrop
Mark outcrop with plastic tape that reads the code and date of observation outcrop.
Post are made by using spidol marker (water proof), then tie the ribbon on tree near
the outcrop
m. Documentation
After all the activity is finished, document the outcrop by using a camera. The
resulting image should be clear, using a comparator (ex: People or others) and try to
cover all components of the outcrop. If there are parts that want to show more
detail, in a single outcrop could have more than one photo
n. Orientation Morphology
In addition to outcrop orientation, the important thing to note is the general
morphology in research areas such as the form of hills, river erosion stage and degree
of slope
2.2.3. Indication of Structural Geology
Geological structure is important in geological mapping. Geological structure will greatly
affect the geological model. Work step in structural geology outcrop observation, most
similar to observation, most similar to observation in the coal outcrop, only difference is
the description of outcrop. Description outcrop geological structure requires a good
interpretation and understanding the elements of geological structure. Description of
the geological structure of the outcrop sequence is:
a. Interpretation of the kind of structure such as fault indication (normal fault, wrench
fault) off set faults, brecciation, fractures, fold and creases micro, slicken slide and
others
b. Sketch of outcrop
c. Measurement of structural elements of the position field faults, fractures (shear, gash
fractures, tension release), the direction brecciation, slicken side (trend, pitch), micro
fold position
d. Marking outcrop
e. Documentation outcrop
f. Geological structure of the measurement result data is the analyzed further in the
analysis of geological structures
3. Geological database
The data obtained from the field (field notes in the book) and then poured in geological
database. The database includes:

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Document Title :
Type of document :

Coal Outcrop Mapping

Standard Operational
Procedure (SOP)
Faizal Razi Kaoy
Rudi Mashuri

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Database outcrop (set forth in tabular form, see attaches sample database outcrop) database
structure-geological (outcrop position, type/indication of the geological structure and the
measurement result to structural elements)
Database sample and coal quality (set forth in tabular form, see attached sample database
and the quality of the sample) map of outcrop coal-database (strike/dip of coal) and the
geological structure
Sheet description of the outcrop (see attached sample sheet outcrop descriptions)

No. Outcrop Code

Coordinate
Y
Z

Floor
Strike/Dip
Roof
180/15
Sandstone Claystone

Thickness (m)
Parting
Coal Seam
Coal
Lithology
7
6.85 Claystone
Claystone

1 KNDM 001

2 KNIM 001

175/18

Claystone

Claystone

7.5

7.4

3 KNSS 001

200/20

Sandstone Claystone

4 KNAF 001

211/22

Claystone

Claystone

Parting Interval From Top of Coal Parting

Seam
From
To
Thickness
1
1.1
0.1
1.25
1.3
0.05

Remark
1

2L

Fig 4. Database outcrop

4. Data evaluation and Processing
4.1. Evaluation of Data
The evaluation carried out during and after the data retrieval is complete. As in evaluating
the data that must be done is:
a. Any data obtained from the field, after arriving at camp the data should always be
incorporated into the geological database and plotted on traverse maps, especially coal
outcrops (code position, strike/dip, thickness) and the geological structure. It aims to
estimate the distribution of coal and the location of the geological structure
b. After the data collection phase is completed, then the interpretation can be performed
while the overall correlation seam without taking into account the quality of coal, also
with input from the result of the analysis of geological structures. The result of these
activities are temporary geological map

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c. If at the time of evaluation there is an assessment of the lack of data or poor data
quality, geologist have to re-take the field data ex: sample or there is lack of mapping
areas not yet covered
Outcrop No.
Location
Coordinate
Elevation

:
:
N :
E :
:

Stratigraphic
Column
No. Thicks Symbol
(m)

Date
:
Weather
:
Map Sheet
:
Sedimentary Unit :
Geologist
:
Outcrop Sketch

Inter- Sample
val
Ply

Foto No. :
Strike/Dip:

Location Sketch

Other information:

Lithologic Description:
No.
Lithology

Description

Note :

Fig 5. Outcrop Description

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5. Reporting and Documentation

5.1. Final Report Geological Mapping
The final report prepared in book form with an attachment that is a geological map and a
map of the track/ outcrop. Coal resource calculation performed using the SNI standard
(Standard National Indonesia) or JORC standard (Joint ore reserve committee)
5.2. Distribution Map of Outcrop and Support
The main component of a map in distribution outcrops and supporters is the slope of the
plot moves and outcrops of coal which as accompanied by map of the result analysis quality
each outcrop. The support data case of road, the position of the village river, former logging
roads and either data
5.3. Geological map
The main component is the correlation of the geological map in coal seam (cropline) and
position of rock layers (strike/dip) which includes also the code and the thickness of the coal
outcrop. It should be noted, the appearance of lines cropline to seam with a thickness of the
coal outcrop. It should be noted, the appearance of lines cropline to seam with a thickness
of < 1 meter to be distinguished by seam which has an average thickness of > 1 meter

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Coal Outcrop Mapping

Standard Operational
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Faizal Razi Kaoy
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Appendix 1. Report Mapping

Report Out Line Format

Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Table
Map List
List of Table
Chapter I. Introduction
1.1 Background Investigation
1.2 Purpose and Objective
1.3 Location and Accomplished Regional Investigation
1.4 Methods of Inquiry
1.5 Time Investigation
1.6 State Regional Environmental Investigation
1.6.1 Resident State
1.6.2 Climate
1.6.3 Topography State
1.6.4 Vegetation Condition
1.6.5 Hydrology
1.6.6 Land Classification of Land
Chapter II. Regional Geology
2.1 Geomorphology
2.1.1 Regional Physiography
2.1.2 Regional Geomorphology
2.2 Regional Stratigraphy
2.2.1 Pre-tertiary basement
2.2.2 Tanjung Formation (Tet)
2.2.3 Montalat Formation (Tomm)
2.2.4 Berai Formation
2.2.5 Warukin Formation
2.3 Regional Geological Structure
Chapter III. Field Phase Investigation
3.1 Field Investigation
3.2 Laboratory Analysis

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Chapter IV. Result Investigation

4.1 Implementation Phase Field
4.1.1 Stage Licensing/Administration
4.1.2 Stage Research and Examination Data Block Kananai
4.1.3 Stage Research and Examination Data Block Swalang
4.2 Resources calculated and Coal Quality
4.3 infrastructures
4.4 Mining Scenario
Chapter V. Conclusions and Recommendation
Reference
Appendix