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Activity 1
Facilitation Technique Category: Exercise Therapy
Activity Title: Strength Training
Source: Ramirez, Daniel (2016) Personal Conversation. Miami Childrens Hospital., Sports
Medicine DPT September 14, 2016.
Equipment: free weights, weight machines, resistance bands, or body weight.
Activity Description: Many exercises therapy activities can help in keeping the body healthy
and strong throughout ones lifetime. This form of therapy helps in keeping the body in shape
even for those such as people with autism that have really small muscle mass on their bodies.
(NCHPAD 2016) The purpose of strength training is help increase the overall muscular strength
for an individual making everyday tasks easier. One exercise done to help increase muscle tone
around the upper extremity is pushups. The participant can begin by doing a standing-leaning
pushup on a counter, making sure theyre core is tight and good form is maintained. Then they
can start doing the pushups on more declined surfaces such as a chair slowly making their way
down to the floor. This will let the CTRS know where they are at in upper body strength or at
least in the chest, shoulder, and arm areas. A high rep range is implemented in the more inclines
surfaces, then as it declines more towards the floor, the reps decrease. Five sets in total. The
following exercise can be rows. The participant can be seated on a bench, upright. The cable
machine in front of the participant. They will grab the two handles in front of him, thumbs facing
each other, then they will pull towards theyre mid chest area rotating the thumbs upwards. All
while squeezing theyre back muscles, holding for 3 seconds then releasing to the starting
position. 10 reps at a comfortable weight, adding each set.
Leadership considerations: CTRS functions as instructors for this activity because she helps
instruct the participants on how to safely and properly strengthen the area targeted. The CTRS or
instructor to become a certified strength and conditioning specialist has to have a Strength and
Conditioning Certificate. This certification helps those CTRS or instructors reach the
professional standards and teach or coach in strength and conditioning. Apart from all this, they
must also have experience in first aid kit. (AFPA 2016) The CTRS or instructor will help in
instructing participants on how many repetitions to do in each certain exercise and how many
sets. Supervision is always a must, ensuring the participants are doing the exercises correctly and
safely. Correcting form on exercises, and teaching those how to properly take care of ones body
is another factor CTRS have to keep in mind. Using visual and sound cues on exercises also help
increase the effectivity. Furthermore, an exercise plan can be implemented by the CTRS or
instructor to help maintain a high level of exercise throughout time.
Adaptations: Amputee Participants: An amputee are people that have had limbs amputated.
By saying this some amputees have had their legs amputated so walking can be difficult. Many
difficulties come with being an amputee because the amputees missing one leg tend to favor the
sound leg over the prosthetic one, and theyre hips can also be tight. With tight hips the lumbar
spine can be affected, when there is an imbalance in the hip flexors, the lower back can
vulnerable to strain and injury. (Nicholson 2014)

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This can be a very good exercise for an amputee with tight hip flexors. By starting off first with
slow and controlled reps the hip can get stronger. By just using body weight it can help develop
strength over time using a resistance bands. (Asch-Martin 2013)
Adaptation: Parkinsons Disease: Parkinsons Disease is a chronic and progressive movement
disorder. Symptoms become worse over time and include tremors of the hands, legs, face etc.
The symptoms also include slowness of movement, stiffness of the limbs and trunk, and
impaired balance and coordination. (Parkinsons Disease Foundation 2016). Intense or moderate
strength training is not recommended for those with Parkinsons but mild strength training is.
Light weights can be just effective as heavy weighs because they help in maintaining the muscle
tone and decrease stiffness. One great exercise can be to wear ankle and wrist weights to help
strengthen the mobility and flexibility of the ankles and wrist. (PDCenter 2016) Another great
exercise of someone with Parkinsons is grabbing a ball and squeezing hard. This helps
strengthen the hand if it becomes stiff and weak. My grandpa has Parkinsons so he has to do this
on a daily basis.

Adaptions References:
-

What is Parkinson's Disease. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from

http://www.pdf.org/about_pd
Exercise and Physical Therapy for Parkinsons Disease. (2011). Retrieved September
11, 2016, from http://pdcenter.neurology.ucsf.edu/patients-guide/exercise-andphysical-therapy
Nicholson, S. (2014, June 14). Keeping Your Hip Flexors and Hamstrings Healthy
and Protective. Retrieved September 12, 2016, from
http://lowbackpainprogram.com/hip-flexors-and-hamstrings/

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Asch-Martin, C. (2013, August). HIP STRENGTH TRAINING FOR AMPUTEES.

Retrieved September 12, 2016, from http://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/hipstrength-training/
Autism and Considerations in Recreation and Physical Activity Settings : NCHPAD Building Inclusive Communities. (n.d.). Retrieved September 15, 2016, from
http://www.nchpad.org/315/1932/Autism~and~Considerations~in~Recreation~and~P
hysical~Activity~Settings
Ramirez, Daniel (2016) Personal Conversation. Miami Childrens Hospital., Sports
Medicine DPT September 14, 2016.

Activity 2
Facilitation Technique Category: Therapeutic Sports
Activity Title: Kayaking
Source: Kayaking - Disabled Sports USA. (n.d.). Retrieved September 15, 2016, from
http://www.disabledsportsusa.org/sport/kayaking/
Equipment: certain types of boats, life jackets, paddle, throw rope, whistle, first aid kit.
Activity Description: Kayaking can help develop core strength and bring those participating
closer to nature and the outdoors. Kayaking uses much of the upper body in rowing with the
paddle, and keeping balance on the boat itself. The purpose of kayaking or therapeutic sports in
general is to help the participant feel or experience the sense of empowerment. Whether it be
recreational or elite sports, sports are beneficiary to helping those with disabilities. In kayaking it
is best to first begin with acquiring the perfect type of boat that fits the needs of those
participating. Kayaks rang from recreational boats to inflatable kayaks to sit on tops. There are
three key points while sitting in a kayak to ensure safety and balance. Number one being that the
small of your back should be tight against the seatback. Second the balls of your feet should
touch the foot pedals. Three, your knees should be bent and in firm contact to either side of the
boat. Once the participant is fitted in the boat, the launching begins. It is recommended that
people launch into the water in a zero entry launch. This meaning that the boat should enter from
a shoreline that is nearly water level. Once in the water a basic paddling technique is to have a
relaxed grip on the paddle, with the hands over and thumbs under. Using the torso as the source
of power.
Leadership Considerations: CTRS function as instructors and guides during this activity. In
order to teach classes sin kayaking and become an instructor, an instructor must be over the age
of 18, maintain a current ACA membership and SEIC, and also maintain an appropriate level of
first aid and age appropriate CPR trainings. (ACA 2016) A CTRS or instructor must have
multiple set of skills for this sport among some are how to demonstrate effective teaching skills,
technical knowledge of the paddle sport, and demonstrate appropriate safety and rescue ability.
Kayaking besides a participant is also important, especially with those that are beginners. By

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safely guiding them through the water and teaching them routes can help in ensuring the safety
of those kayaking. Whistles can be used to cue participants back closer together or to warn when
someone is getting to far away. If a kayaker is stuck or panics because they cannot paddle
correctly or is struggling a throw up can be used to tug the kayaker back to the CTRS or
instructor.
Adaptions: Cerebral Palsy: Cerebral palsy is described by the loss or impairment of motor
function. It is caused by brain damage that occurs when the childs brain is developing. It affects
body movement, muscle coordination, muscle control, posture and balance. Some people with
cerebral palsy lose the coordination and control over their arms or legs. (Cerebral Palsy 2016) In
kayaking balance and muscle coordinations take a big role in paddling the boat and sometimes
those with cerebral palsy need a specific type of boat to be able to paddle. Ocean Kayak, Inc.
created a specific type of kayak for a young woman with cerebral palsy to help her paddle. Both
fixture and seat adaptions were made to a sit-on-top kayak. A customized seat that helps keep the
rider upright and comfortable with a long beam in between the seat and the paddle at the far end
of the boat. The paddle is then supported on top of the beam, and can move side to side, in the
rotation a normal paddle would turn. By using her feet, she can paddle the boat, here is the
kayak. (Theobald 2016)

Adaptions: Blindness: Blindness is the lack of vision, and most of the time cannot be corrected
with glasses or contact lenses. Complete blindness mean one cannot see anything not even light
and can be caused be accidents, glaucoma, diabetes and many more. (Lusby 2014) Kayaking
without a doubts demands sight, but that does not mean does who are blind can be excluded from
ever kayaking. Kayaking has evolved to help those that are blind by provided riders with
waterproof radios to help guide them through the water. Erik Weihenmayer is a 44-year-old
kayaker than recently became the first person to kayak through the Grand Canyon. He used a
radio system that allowed him to navigate more efficiently through the canyon. (Paddling Blind
2016) Typically, the blind kayakers have a guide in the front or in the back or even both. They
can transmit directions or warnings through the radio system. A ratio of one guide to one visually
impaired kayaker is the minimum but two is always recommended (Kayaking 2016)

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Adaptions References:
- Kayaking - Disabled Sports USA. (n.d.). Retrieved September 15, 2016, from
http://www.disabledsportsusa.org/sport/kayaking/
- Theobald, M. (n.d.). Articles on innovations to help Kayakers with Disabilities.
TopKayaker.Net is your Resource for Sit On Top Kayak Guidance & Gear. Retrieved
September 15, 2016, from http://www.sit-ontopkayaking.com/Articles/DisabledKayaker/Profiles.html
- (n.d.). Definition of Cerebral Palsy. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from
http://www.cerebralpalsy.org/about-cerebral-palsy/definition
- How to Become an ACA Instructor - ACA | Canoe - Kayak - SUP - Raft - Rescue.
(n.d.). Retrieved September 15, 2016, from http://www.americancanoe.org/?
page=Become_an_Instructor
- Lusby, F. W. (2014). Blindness and vision loss: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia.
Retrieved September 15, 2016, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003040.htm
- PADDLING BLIND. (n.d.). Retrieved September 15, 2016, from
http://blindtrack.eu/paddling-blind-2/