EXPERIMENT NO.

2
REDOX TITRATION
AIM
To determine the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution by preparing a standard solution
of potassium iodate and to acquire proper techniques of carrying out titration.

APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS REQUIRED:

Sodium Thiosulphate, Potassium iodate, Potassium iodide, Sulphuric acid, Starch solution,
Distilled water, 250 mL volumetric flask, Distilled water, burette, 250 mL conical flask, 5 mL
and 25 ml measuring cylinder, 100 mL beaker.

THEORY
A titration is a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the
concentration of an unknown solution. Typically, the titrant (the know solution) is added from a
burette to a known quantity of the unknown solution until the reaction is complete.
Standardization is the process of determining the exact concentration (molarity) of a
solution. Titration is one type of analytical procedure often used in standardization.
When an analyte that is a reducing agent is titrated directly with a standard iodine solution, the
method is called "iodimetry".
When an analyte that is an oxidizing agent is added to excess iodide to produce iodine, and the
iodine produced is determined by titration with sodium thiosulfate, the method is called
"iodometry".
The tri iodide ion solution is then titrated against standard thiosulphate solution to give iodide
again using starch indicator: The disappearance of deep blue color due to the decomposition of
the iodine-starch complex marks the end point.
The first major reaction is the Reversible iodine/iodide reaction:
2I- I2 + 2eSecond important reaction used in the iodometry is reduction of iodine with thiosulphate:
2S2O32- + I2 S4O62- + 2IThe reaction of iodate is:
5I- + IO3- + 6H+ 3I2 + 3H2O

Dilute tri iodide solutions are yellow, more concentrated solutions are brown, and even
more concentrated solutions are violet. Iodide solutions are colorless. Endpoint detection is
considerably easier, however, with an indicator. The indicator that is usually chosen for titrations
involving iodine (tri iodide) is starch. Starch forms a dark blue complex with iodine. The end
point in iodometry corresponds to a sudden loss of blue color due to the complex. In iodometry
the starch is added only after the color due to tri iodide has begun to fade, i.e., near the endpoint,
because starch can be destroyed in the presence of excess tri iodide.
If an excess of iodide is used to quantitatively reduce a chemical species while
simultaneously forming iodine, and if the iodine is subsequently titrated with thiosulphate, the
technique is iodometry. Iodometry is an example of an indirect determination since a product of a
preliminary reaction is titrated.
The use of iodine as a titrant suffers from two major disadvantages. First, iodine is not
particularly soluble in water, and second, iodine is somewhat volatile. Consequently, there is an
escape of significant amounts of dissolved iodine from the solution. Both of these disadvantages
are overcome by adding iodide (I) to iodine (I2) solutions. In the presence of iodide, iodine
reacts to form tri iodide (I3) which is highly soluble and not volatile.

OBSERVATION TABLE:
Burette Reading (in mL)

Initial

17.9

Final

17.9

42.2

Average

CALCULATION:
Standardization of 0.1 M Sodium Thiosulphate Solution:
Preparing 0.1 M sodium thiosulphate (100 ml)
1lt=0.1 moles
100ml= 0.01moles
Moles=0.01=weight/molecular weight
0.01=weight/248.17
Weight of sodium thiosulphate=2.4817g

21.1

Preparation of 1M of sulphuric acid:

Molarity = moles of solute/Volume of solution(L)
1M sulphuric acid solution (20ml)
Moles/0.02=1
Moles=0.02=weight/molecular weight
0.02=weight/98
Weight of sulphuric acid=1.96g
Density=1.84g/cc=weight/volume=1.96/volume
Volume of sulphuric acid=1.065ml
Molarity of KIO3 solution:
Weight of KIO3=0.75 g
Volume=250ml
Molarity=moles of solute/volume of solution=0.75/(214*.250)=0.014M
Weight of sodium thiosulphate required to prepare 0.1M solution:2.4817gm
ml of sulphuric acid required to prepare 1.0M solution: 1.065ml
Molarity of KIO3 solution = 0.014M
Calculating the molarity,
Molarity of the sodium thiosulphate solution can be calculated using following formula: M 1V1 =
M2V2
Where,
M1 = Molarity of potassium iodate = 0.014M
M2 = Molarity of Sodium Thiosulphate
V1 = Volume of Potassium iodate = 25ml
V2 = Volume of Sodium Thiosulphate (Average burette reading) = 22.35ml
M1V1= M2V2/6
0.014*250= M2*21.1/6
M2= 0.9952 M

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

The standardization process is performed by titrating a sample o unknown concentration with
one which is known to us through calculation and careful preparation. The standardization
process is an essential process as standardizing the standard solution which is being used to
titrate will enable us to achieve the correct results within the margins of experimental errors.
The Molarity of the Potassium thiosulphate solution(M2) = 0.9952 M.