Applications of Electromagnetic Induction of EMF

Faradays/Lenz Law Part 1

1. Describe experiments that demonstrate the relationship between changing magnetic flux
and induced EMF.
2. Explain qualitative the effects of the experiments in objective 1.
Keep in mind Methods of Changing Magnetic flux:

By moving a magnet towards or away from the coil

By moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field.
By changing the area of a coil placed in the magnetic field
By rotating the coil relative to the magnet.
By periodically changing the direction of current in an electromagnet
Experiments of Electromagnetic Induction

A. Moving a Bar Magnet in A Solenoid connected to a voltmeter (galvanometer)

In this experiment, Faraday takes a magnet and a coil and connects a galvanometer across the
coil. At starting, the magnet is at rest so there is no deflection of the needle in the galvanometer, it
is centred at zero.
When the magnet is moved towards the coil, the needle of galvanometer deflects in one direction.
When the magnet is held stationary at that position, the needle of galvanometer returns back to
zero position. No current or emf is induced
Now when the magnet is moved away from the coil, the needle deflects in the opposite direction
and again when the magnet becomes stationary, the needle returns to zero.
It is also seen that, the faster the bar magnetic was moved in and out solenoid, the greater
the deflection in the galvanometer. This demonstrates that faster the rate of change of magnetic
flux, the larger the induced emf in the coil.

B. Two flat coils move with respect to each other-.

One of the flat coil is a current carrying wire connected to battery. Recall that a
current carrying wire generates a magnetic field, B.
The other flat coil is connected to a voltmeter.
If the two coils are allowed to move with respect to each other, the voltmeter will
experience a back and forth deflection.
Explanation: the current-carrying coil generates a magnetic field. Moving both
coils changes the magnetic flux through the coil connected to the voltmeter. This
induces an emf in the coil connected to the voltmeter, that is registered by
deflection of the voltmeter. A changing magnetic flux gave rise to an electric field in
the voltmeter coil which, in turn, pushed an electric current through a circuit.

C. Bar magnet moves with respect to flat coil

Similar observation and effect to the solenoid experiment

Deflection will be less because a flat coil has a single loop (N=1) and no soft iron core vs.
a solenoid (N>1). Increasing the number of turns = increases induced emf

D. Solenoid with changing current moving in a flat coil:

Solenoid with changing
current acts an
electromagnet.
The galvanometer G will
record the presence of an
induced emf in the loop of
wire
caused by the change in flux
passing through the loop.