PLANNING

- It is a decision about a course of action.

- According to ARNOLD: it is a process of pre-action thinking to provide a basis for
doing.
- According to DALE: Todays design for tomorrows action, an outline to the steps to be
taken at some future period to solve problems earlier identified.
- A plan is a systematic approach:
1. To defining the problem
2. Setting priorities
3. Developing specific goals and objectives
4. Determining alternative strategies and method of implementation
- The process of planning is DYNAMIC.
(Within a fluctuating and ever changing system, the process itself must remain
fluid and flexible, responsive to the presentation of new factors and issues.)
REASONS FOR THE NEED FOR PLANNING
If there are:
1. Multiple needs, the allocation of scarce resources.
(manpower, facilities, money)
2. Conflicting values, views and determination of goals, objectives and strategies.
3. Need for programs of change, growth, knowledge, technology explosion.
4. Rational decision-making
(difficulty to increase resources because of the possibility to improve the situation
by making better use of the available ones)
MEANS TO RATIONAL DECISION MAKING
1. Assessment of the situation
2. Establishment of priorities, goals and objectives
3. Selection of programs and activities
COMPONENTS OR SPECIAL UNITS FOR PLANNING
1. Advisory Component
- It is an advisory body that assists the Secretary of Health in setting up policies,
defining guidelines to be used by the service component in formulating health plans.
- It is composed of the National Health Planning Board (NHPB), NHP Commission, HP
Steering Committee and Board of Health Advisors.
2. Service Component
- It is the body responsible for the formulation aspect of the planning functions in the
DOH
- It is composed of staff trained in health planning
APPROACHES TO PLANNING
1. According to Evolution
- top down or bottom up
- Plans are made by local authorities or planners after assessing their needs or
demands.
2. According to Base Plan (Resource Base)
- Given a fixed amount of resources and the plan tries to get the most out of it.
3. According to Concern of the Plan
- It is based on needs or demands
SCOPE OF PLAN
1. Comprehensive all sectors of the economy are involved
2. Partial only some or one is considered

TIME SPAN OF PLANNING

1. Long Term Planning
- Arbitrary minimum period of 3 years or subjects, which require longer period of time.
(MRT/LRT construction, National election)
2. Medium Term Planning
- It concerned with ways and means of achieving predefined goals and objectives
indicating what type and where resources will be allocated.
(Clean and green program, save ilog pasig program, Buhayin ang MayniLA)
3. Short Term Planning
- It is an annual or biannual activities to be accomplished.
(Community outreach program, Dental mission, CIVAC)
GENERAL CRITERIA CONSIDERED WHEN ALLOCATING RESOURCES
1. Efficiency Criterion
- These are resources allocated to areas, which will yield a better economic return.
2. Value Criterion
- These are resources allocated to areas, which are underserved, depressed and are in
need.
SAMPLES OF ALLOCATION PROBLEMS
1. Allocation among different population groups
(Mothers and infants, disabled, OCW, elderly, cultural minorities)
2. Allocation of resources among problems
(How much to allocate to AIDS, dental health)
3. Allocation to spend on consumption or for investment
(To increased hospital amenities as in buying equipments)
4. Allocation among techniques or programs
(How much to give to public health, to health education to prevent heart disease)
PROBLEMS OF INSUFFICIENT COVERAGE AND INADEQUATE QUALITY OF
CARE
1. Technology
2. Manpower
3. Facility
4. Procedure
5. Organization
6. Policy
7. Accessibility
8. Motivation
PRINCIPLE OF EFFICIENCY
- It is the most effective method of significantly reducing or eliminating problems.
- PURPOSE: To have a maximum production with the least cost with available
resources.
STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS
1. Situational Analysis (Where are we now?)
2. Goals and Objectives setting (Where do we want to go?)
3. Strategy or Activity setting (How do we get there?)
4. Evaluation (How do we know we are there?)

COMPONENTS OF SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

1. Description of Present Situation
FOUR TECHNICAL AREAS:
a. Population Analysis total no. of people; geographical distribution; age-sex
composition; vital statistics rate; birth rate; death rate; natural growth rate
b. Health Status causes of sickness and death
c. Health Resource Analysis health facilities; manpower type; number,
distribution and analysis of current and recently concluded health projects.
d. Health Related Socio-economic Factors nutritional disposal; food
establishments; transportation; communication; education and housing
2. Projection
- It is the population and the different rates of specific disease based on observed
trends and further modified by possible impacts of programs and trends observed in the
health related socio-economic factors.
3. Problem Identification and Explanation
- To identify problems and causes in the four technical areas.
FDI PROPOSED GLOBAL GOALS
1. 50% of 5-6 year old is caries free.
2. Global average will be no more than 3 DMF teeth at age 12 years.
3. 85% of the population should retain all the teeth at age 18 years.
4. 50% reduction in present levels of edentulousness at ages 35-44 years.
5. 25% reduction in present level of edentulousness at age 65 years.
6. A data based system for monitoring changes in oral health will be established. (Data
bank)
HEALTH FOR ALL GOAL
- It was passed on May 1977
- Main social target of the government and WHO by the year 2000
- It is the attainment by all the people of the world by the year 2000, a level of health
that will permit them to lead a socially, economically productive life.