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Field Botany

Fall 2011

Name:_____KEY_____
Final Exam B

1. List 3 characteristics of both seeds and spores that make them different. 6
pts
1. Seeds are comprised of multiple cells vs. a single-celled spore
2. Seeds are the result of fertilization, spores are produced via mitosis
3. Seeds have more than one genome copies, spores are haploid

2. Name 2 characteristics about bryophytes, fern allies, and ferns that


differentiate them from each other. 6 pts
Bryophytes: no vasculature (and therefore no roots, stems, or leaves), most
tissue is gametophytic, most basal lineage of the land plants
Fern allies: no branching vasculature (i.e., mircrophylls), sporangia located in
the axes of the microphylls, homosexual gametophytes
Ferns: Megaphylls, heterosexual gametophytes, dominantly sporophytic life
cycle, several types of vascular systems, more aerial shoot development
3. List the 5 vertical layers of a deciduous forest community: 5 pts
a. __upper canopy_________
b. __subcanopy_________
c. __shrub_________
d. __herb_________
e. __ground_________
4. List 2 examples of primary succession and 4 examples of secondary
succession. 6 pts
Primary: volcano eruption, glacial retreat
Secondary: post-logging, agricultural disturbance, tornado, hurricanes, fires,
etc.

Label A I. 9 pts

a.

(collective term)
these)

a. stamen
b. anther
c. filament
d. petals
e. stigma
f. style
g. ovary
h. pistil
i. sepals

D
.
E
.F
.
G.

C.

H
.

(collectiv
e term)

I.

5. What is a biome? Provide 3 examples of biomes. 4 pts


Biome: regions defined by abiotic and biotic factors creating a large, typical
ecosystem. Examples: desert scrub, grasslands, deciduous forest, coniferous
forests, tundra
6. Define r- selected species and k- selected species. Which would you be more
likely to see in a climax forest? 3 pts
r-selected: put most of their energy into rapid growth and reproduction, often
inhabit less stable environments, often reach sexual maturity quickly
k-selected: put most of their energy into growth, more common in stable
environments, tend to reach sexual maturity more slowly
7. What is autumnal senescence? Why do plants undergo this process? 2 pts
Autumnal senescence: trees prepare for dormancy by stopping chlorophyll
production, then secondary compound production such as carotenoids or
tanins to store energy for the winter when water is scarce and temps are low.

Label parts a f. Describe the following: g) leaf margin, h) venation, i) leaf


apex, j) leaf base, k) overall leaf shape, l) leaf arrangement, m) leaf type
(simple, palmately/ or pinnately compound), and n) fruit description (fleshy,
dry in/dehiscent). 14 pts
a. _petiole___
b. _lamina/blade____
a.

b.

f.

c. _bud_________
d. _node_________
e. _internode______
f. _fruit_________
g. entire____
h. palmate______
i. _acute________
j. _cordate________
k. _cordate________
l. _alternate_______
m. _simple________

d.

(area)

e.

n. _dry dehiscent___
(e. is region
between
area of d.)

c.

8. Provide the term for the following definitions: 1 pt ea.


a. Male cone of a gymnosperm: ___mircostrobilius_____________
b. A fleshy fruit with a single seed: ___drupe____________
c. Dispersal mechanism for samaras: __wind___________
d. Female cone of a gymnosperm: ___megastrobilius____________
e. Structure that develops into a seed after fertilization:
___ovule_____________
f. A dry, indehiscent fruit with a boney pericarp:
___nut_____________
g. A flower without petals: ____incomplete____________
h. One plant containing separate male and female flowers:
____monoecious_____________
i. Dispersal mechanism for berries: ____vector___________
j. Receptacle containing spores (in ferns and fern allies):
____sporangium_____________
9. Its a zombie apocalypse! You and some friends are seeking refuge from the
carnage in your local, EASTERN DECIDUOUS FOREST. Can you survive?
Name 10 plants you learned in class AND their uses that will help you
in the difficult months ahead. 20 pts
1. eastern white pine/vitamin C tea, 2. Black walnut/fruits and dyes, 3. Yellow
woodsorrel vitamin C and food, 4. Osage orange/hot fires, 5. Sugar
maple/water/ or sap, 6. Silver maple/water or sap, 7. Dandelion/roots and
greens for food, 8. Willow/pain killer, 9. Shagbark hickory/fruits, 10. Eastern
redbud/flowers for food

Name at least one difference between the following life cycles: bryophytes,
ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. 4 pts
Bryophytes are dominantly in the gametophytic stage of their lifecycle, ferns
have true alternation of generations, gymnosperms produce seeds without
seedcoats, angiosperms have ovaries that develop into fruits

10. What is an invasive species? How might the spread of invasive species affect
the process of succession? 3 pts
Plants that have been introduced from a different ecosystem, lack natural
predators and diseases, and tend to dominate new landscapes. Because they
(often) have fast growth rates, high fruit production, rapid vegetative spread
and efficient seed dispersal and germination, they would likely take over a
successional landscape more quickly than the native plants and limit (natural)
diversity.

EXTRA CREDIT!
A. What did Rev. L.L. Langstroth invent in Oxford Ohio in 1853 that
revolutionized beekeeping? (+1)
bee frames/the beehive

B. What is a voucher specimen? (+1)


Dried plant specimen stored in an herbarium to provide a record

C. Name 1 thing youll remember from this class for the rest of your life. Why is
it valuable to have a course like this part of the Miami Plan? (+2)

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