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75
6.00
6.25
6.75
6.50
7W
1.25
frequency, GHr
The values of the S12 and Sl,parameters are in good agreement with
measurement in the neighbourhood of the resonance. The maxima of
Slzand S,; parameters obtained with the model are at the same values
as the experimenral ones. The shape of the curves represented are
acceptable too.
Conclusion: A simple modcl, extracted from a 3D electromagnetic
method, is proposed to describe the electrical behaviour of coupled
patches. This model takes into account the coupling between dements
and is generalised in thc case of a patch array antenna. It can be used
in an electrical simulator to calculate the S-parameters with more
accuracy. As this method is economical in tcrms of computer time,
one can consider that its usc will improve the design of an anay with
numerous patches.
0 IEE 2003
Electronics Lellers Online No: 20030627
Dol: IO.1049/e1:20030627
I April 2003
A. Hafianc, H. Aissat and 0. Picon (ESYCOM, (iniver.vi& de Marnela- YalUe, 5 Bd Dercarres, 77454 Marne-lo-Yall& Cedex2, France)
Anlennn confgrrrafion: The perspective view of the antenna configuration is shown in Fig. lo, where the cylindrical DRA of radius 0 ,
height h, and dielectric constant E, is concentrically fed by a circular
aperture of radius F. The circular aperture was etched on the ground
plane o f a 50 0 microstrip feedlinc with a fork-like tuning stub. Bclaw
the tuning fork is a backing cavity of radius b, which is placed
concentrically with the aperture. Fig. I h shows the geometry of the
tuning fork. As studied in [ I l l , a distance I , between the two arms of
the fork is required to give B uniform field distribution in the aperture,
whereas 1, is used to fine-tune the input reactance. In addition, B small
straight microstrip section of length l2 is needed to have a wide
impedance bandwidth. All of them and the microstrip feedline have
width W, whereas the substrate has dielectric constant t:?,% and
thickness d. Two antennas were measured, namely antenna I and
antenna 2. The backing cavity is used for antenna 1. Antenna 2 is the
same a s antenna 1, except that the backing cavity is removed.
rk
c?>"O"c4DW
References
-3
ABOUZAHKA.M., and K0NC.J.: 'Application ofthc threedimensional finite-difference time domain method to the analysis of
planar microstep circuits', IEEE MTT-S Inl. Micmw! Symp. Dig., 1990,
38, (7). pp. 218-252
2 WHEELER, H.A.: 'Transmission-line propcliies of a swip on dielectric
plane', IEEE MTT-S Inf Microw Sy". Dig., 1977
3 HAPIAN, A., CIRIO, L., and PICON. 0.: 'Elcct"cal model and mutual
coupling betwen microstrip antennas expressed through FDTD
method'. Proc. 30th European Microwa\,e Conf., Pans, France. October
2000
SHEEN.% ALLS.,
"I
ELECTRONlCS LETTERS
I
5
frequency, GHI
Vol. 39 No. 14
1033
co-polarised
/\
,
antenna2
Fig. 4 shows the measurcd antenna gains of the 11\10 antennas. For
antenna I , thc antenna gain is -4 dBi around the resonance of thc
antenna, and that the peak ofthe gain is -S.5 dBi around 6.3 GHr. It is
observed from Fig. 4 that antenna 2 has a similar antenna gain curve,
but the curve is shifted to a smaller level because some energy is lost in
the backside radiation. Note that the shift is less than 3 dB, showing that
the ape"
does not mdiatc cqually due to the presence of the DRA.
Finally, it should be mcntioncd that the hemispherical cavity was
uscd merely because it is immediately available in our laboratory, and
that it should not be a cntical factor in the design.
- - - 6.35GHz
180'
b
Kplvne
h &plane
1034
0 IEE 2003
Elecrronics Larcrs Online Nu: 20030692
Dol: I O . 1O49/e1;2O030692
25 March 2003
References
I
ELECTRONICS LETlERS
TVs.
ELECTRONICS LETTERS
plasma
pane
, ,
'b
to(=t4)
' t,
t2
'
' t3
bi
Proposed circuit
h Key waveforms
U
a proposed circuit and its key waveforms. One cycle period of a proposed circuit is divided into two half
cycles, t,r, and t2-fl. Because the operation principles of two half
cycles are symmetric, only the first half cycle is explained. C , is
assumed to be charged to V J 2 . Bcfore to( = ti),vc is maintdincd to
V., and V.J2 is applied to L with M , and M1 con%ucting. Thus, i ,
increases linearly as ;'(I) = - 1, V<(t 4)/(2L), where li =
V,(i> -&)/(4L). Whcn M I and Mz are turned off at lo, mode 1
begins. With the initial conditions of i,,(tO)=lL and vc,(tc,)= V,, i,.
starts to charge C,, C,, and C2 and discharge C, and C, as follows:
Circuit operation: Fig. 2 shows
Vol. 39 No. 74
1035