Department of Industrial Engineering

Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan

TITLE OF THE REPORT

Cabizon, Angelie
Supnet, Zennia Hale Y.
Valentino, Hazel Angela B.

Laboratory Report # 1
IE 34
Background
Sweet Decades is a baking company whose product is solely soft cookies. It is
located in a small in New York States. Run by two brothers, the company is
operated by less than two hundred people who are mainly blue-collar workers. In
addition to this, the atmosphere is said to be informal.
The cookies are distributed in convenience stores and supermarkets throughout
New York, Connecticut and New Jersey. They have additives and preservatives
and thus the company markets its cookies as good food. Hence, the cookies
are in the health-conscious portion of the market. The customers are more likely
over 45 years of age, and some are parents with young children.
The company observes a production process called as batch processing system.
The production begins as soon as orders from distributors are received. The
cookies then follow several procedures until they are ready for shipping.
In observance of the quality control, an inspector goes sampling for assurance of
satisfactory and taste and consistency. An x-ray machine is also used to detect
small bits of metal filings that may have gotten into cookies.
The company is also efficient in some sense. Improperly mixed batch are sold for
dog food for instance. Waste reduction is highly being observed.
There are also ideas for new products from customers, employees and
observations of the competitors product. These ideas are examined to find out if
they are feasible. If the outcome is satisfactory from a sample run, marketing
tests are conducted to know if there is a demand.

Theory

This section should explain the theory on which the experiment is based.
Definitions of
the properties examined should be included.

If any figures (drawings, photographs, or graphs) appear in this section, place

them at the appropriate place in the narrative. All figures and tables must be titled
and referred to by number.

All equations used in the report should be indented and numbered. Each symbol
in the
equation should be named and its dimensional unit should be identified. The
reason for including each equation should be explained. An example of the
format for equations
follows:

Newtons Second Law of Motion1 is:

F = m a (1)

where

F = Force, N (Newtons)

m = mass, kg

a = acceleration, m/s2

The superscript 1 is used to indicate a reference, which is the source of the

equation.
Refer to the section titled References for more information.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Equipment
Two Continuous Band Ovens- used for baking the cookies for its production
process
Computer- determines the amount of ingredients needed in accordance to the
quantity of cookies ordered
Silos- storage outside the plant for the main ingredients
Giant Mixing Machine- a machine where ingredients of properly combined
amount of egg, water and flavourings are automatically sent
Cutting Machine- a machine for cutting the batter
Spiral Cooling Racks- an equipment where cookies are placed as the cookies
emerge from the ovens

Procedure

1. The management gets orders from distributors, and these orders are
scheduled for production.
2. A list of cookies to be made is given to the person in charge of mixing.
This person checks a master list that contains information of the
ingredients needed for each sort of cookies.
3. The information is to be entered into the computer. The computer will
determine the amount of each ingredient needed.
4. The information from the computer is relayed to storage silos located
outside the plant.
5. The ingredients are automatically sent to a giant mixing machine.
6. The batter formed by mixing is poured into a cutting machine.
7. The cookies are dropped onto a conveyer belt and transported to one of
the two continuous band ovens.
8. Filled cookies are separated for they require an additional step.
9. Non-filled cookies are cut diagonally.
10. The cookies are fed onto spiral cooling racks.

11. The workers place the cookies into boxes manually. Broken or deformed
cookies are removed. The boxes are wrapped, sealed and automatically
labeled.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Using Pareto Analysis to analyze the case study, various problems are found to
be existing. The 80-20 rule says that typically, 20 percent of the ranked items
account for 80 percent or more of the total activity. In the given case, the
following problems are determined.
1. The company has no distinct departments assigned for the two hundred
people it employs.
2. The workers have no enough qualifications to be working with the
company.
3. The company has a limited product which is only soft cookies.
4. There is no specific target of customers.
5. The personnel in charge of the production process are not defined.
6. Computer malfunctions can be anticipated.
7. Quantities stored in the warehouse are not defined.
8. An x-ray machine is used to detect small bits of metal fillings.
9. New products are based from customers, employees and observations of
competitors product.
10. The atmosphere of the company is informal.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

At first glance, problems arousing within the company do not seem to be very
obvious, but through critical analysis, they were determined. These problems
have a very strong effect in the company and if solved, the company would
benefit more by improvements and thus earning more profit.
The researchers recommend a proper designation of workers by dividing them by
department. This way, the company would be more organized and the tasks of
each worker would be well defined. Also, qualifications must also be set to every
person the company employs. Instead of having mainly blue-collar workers,
white-collar workers must be considered too. For instance, the company must
hire an industrial engineering graduate considering that production is concerned.
The company may also not limit its product to soft cookies alone to compete with
other larger companies. It has a potential of creating a new product knowing that
it has equipments for production. The targets for customers must also be well
defined for the company to improve its marketing segment.

Computers can inevitably malfunction. Therefore, it is also recommended for the

company to have proper maintenance and operator in case unexpected events
occur. In relation with the storage system, the quantities are not well defined. The
company should state a specific measure of percentage it is storing. This is very
important to determine the right amount.
Instead of using x-ray machine for detecting metals, a metal detector must be
used. X-ray machines do not detect metals. They just scan. Also, new products
must be based not from customers, employees and observations, but rather from
methods research. Under the methods research would be the marketing test to
see if there is a demand for the product. The companys set up should be formal
too. The researchers recommend an implementation of policies such as wearing
of proper uniforms for hygienic concerns.

REFERENCES

This section lists all references to the work of others made within the text of your
report. The publication source for all work(s) of others that appears in your report
must be cited. This gives others credit for their work and also shows your effort in
researching your report. The procedure for citing and listing references follows.

Suppose that you are conducting a lab or writing a report that involves hybrid
composites. A portion of the text may resemble this:

Hybrid composites are composed of filaments set in a matrix of thermosetting

material. The types of fibers selected are dependent upon several factors. The
type and number of fibers are strategically chosen to balance strength as well as
stiffness, to provide dimensional stability, to reduce cost or weight, or to improve
fatigue and fracture resistance.

Because this information is not an original idea of one of the members of your
group, you need to document where the information came from by citing the
reference. First, insert a number after the information. Notice the superscript 1
after the information is presented above. Then, in the Reference section, the
following information should appear:

1. DeGarmo, Black, and Kohser. Materials and Processes in Manufacturing, 8th

ed. John
Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999, page 220.

APPENDICES

Raw data and sample calculations are often best included as appendices to your
report. The information is then available if the reader should choose to look for it,
but it does not detract from the more important information included in the body
of the report.