ASSIGNMENT

NAME:
Shahroz shahzad
ROLL #
11014156-120
TOPIC:
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Operating system:

An operating system is the single most important software when you run a
computer, it is what takes care of pretty much everything on a computer system,
while the majority of computers we see happen to be using one type of
operating system performing the same functions, operating systems can be
branched into several different types as well.

Single User Operating System

Multi-Tasking Operating System
Multi-User Operating System
Multi-Programming Operating System
1. Single User Operating System:

A single user OS as the name suggests is designed for one user to effectively
uses a computer at a time.

2. Multi-Tasking Operating System:

In this type of OS several applications maybe simultaneously loaded and used in
the memory. While the processor handles only one application at a particular
time it is capable of switching between the applications effectively to apparently
simultaneously execute each application. This type of operating system is seen
everywhere today and is the most common type of OS, the Windows operating
system would be an example.

3. Multi-User Operating System:

This type of OS allows multiple users to simultaneously use the system, while
here as well, the processor splits its resources and handles one user at a time,
the speed and efficiency at which it does this makes it apparent that users are
simultaneously using the system, some network systems utilize this kind of
operating system.

4. Multi-Programming Operating System:

As we know that in the Batch Processing System there are multiple jobs Execute
by the System. The System first prepare a batch and after that he will Execute all
the jobs those are Stored into the Batch. But the Main Problem is that if a process
or job requires an Input and Output Operation, then it is not possible and second
there will be the wastage of the Time when we are preparing the batch and the
CPU will remain idle at that Time.
But With the help of Multi programming we can Execute Multiple Programs on the
System at a Time and in the Multi-programming the CPU will never get idle,
because with the help of Multi-Programming we can Execute Many Programs on
the System and When we are Working with the Program then we can also Submit
the Second or Another Program for Running and the CPU will then Execute the
Second Program after the completion of the First Program. And in this we can
also specify our Input means a user can also interact with the System.
The Multi-programming Operating Systems never use any cards because the
Process is entered on the Spot by the user. But the Operating System also uses

the Process of Allocation and De-allocation of the Memory Means he will provide
the Memory Space to all the Running and all the Waiting Processes. There must
be the Proper Management of all the Running Jobs.

UNIX:
Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as
Unix in small caps) is a multitasking, multi-user computer
operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of
AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis
Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, Michael Lesk and Joe
Ossanna.[1]

First developed in assembly language, by 1973 it had been

almost entirely recoded in C, greatly facilitating its further
development and porting to other hardware.

In 1974, UNIX was first licensed to an outside institution, the

University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, by Greg Chesson
and Donald B. Gillies. Today's Unix system evolution is split into
various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as
various commercial vendors, universities (such as University of
California, Berkeley's BSD), and non-profit organizations.

The Open Group, an industry standards consortium, now owns

the UNIX trademark. Only systems fully compliant with and
certified according to the Single UNIX Specification are qualified
to use the trademark; others might be called Unix system-like
or Unix-like, although the Open Group disapproves[2] of this
term. However, the term Unix is often used informally to denote
any operating system that closely resembles the trademarked
system.

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the influence of Unix in
academic circles led to large-scale adoption of Unix
(particularly of the BSD variant, originating from the University
of California, Berkeley) by commercial startups, the most
notable of which are Solaris, HP-UX, Sequent, and AIX, as well
as Darwin, which forms the core set of components upon which
Apple's OS X and iOS are based.[3][4]

Today, in addition to certified Unix systems such as those

already mentioned, Unix-like operating systems such as MINIX,
Linux, and BSD descendants (FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and
DragonFly BSD) are commonly encountered. The term
traditional Unix may be used to describe an operating system
that has the characteristics of either Version 7 Unix or UNIX
System V.

Window 7
Windows 7 is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers,
including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs.
It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009,[and became generally available for retail
worldwide on October 22, 2009,[8] less than three years after the release of its predecessor,
Windows Vista. Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at
the same time. Windows 7 is succeeded by Windows 8.
Unlike Windows Vista's many new features, Windows 7 was an incremental upgrade
designed to work with Vista-compatible applications and hardware.[9] Presentations given by
Microsoft in 2008 focused on multi-touch support, an updated Windows shell with a new
taskbar, referred to internally as the Superbar, a home networking system called HomeGroup,
[10]
and performance improvements. Some standard applications that have been included with
prior releases of Microsoft Windows, including Windows Calendar, Windows Mail, Windows
Movie Maker, and Windows Photo Gallery, are not included in Windows 7;[11][12] most are
instead offered separately at no charge as part of the Windows Essentials suite.