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f3 = 0.85,
EXAMPLE
20.1
Installed Cost of a Distillation Tower
Shell and trays are made of AIS1 304 stainless steel. Dimensional
data are:
D=4ft,
L = 120 ft,
N = 58 sieve trays,
wall thickness 6 = 0.50 in. for pressure,
tb = 0.75 in. at the bottom,
flanged and dished heads weigh 325 Ib each,
weight W = (n/4)(16)(120(0.5/12)(501) + 2(325) = 32,129 lb
C, = expl7.123 + 0.1478(10.38) + 0.02488(10.38)2
+ 0.0158(120/4) In(O.75/0.50)]
= 101,726
fl = 1.7,
f2 = 1.189 + 0.0577(4) = 1.420,
f 4 = 1,
C,= 375.8 exp[0.1739(4)] = 753.4,
CPI = 204,9(4)0.6332(120)0.8016
= 22,879,
purchase price C = 1.7(101,726)+ 58(1.42)(0.85)(753.4)
+ 22,879
= $248,646
From Table 20.1, the installation factor is 2.1 so that the installed
price is
Cinstallcd
= 2.1(248;646) = $522,156
EXAMPLE
20.2
Purchased and Installed Prices of Some Equipment
a. A box type fired heater with CrMo tubes for pyrolysis at
1500psig with a duty of 40 million Btu/hr. From Item No. 10
(Table 20.1), the installed price is
Cinstalled
= 33.8(1.0 + 0.10 + 0.15)(40)0.86
= 1008.32K$, $1,008,320.
C.
X = 200/25 = 8,
f 2 = 1.8, h = 1.0
purchase C = 11(1.6)(1.8(1.0)(8))0~41 = 74.31 K$, $74,310,
installed C = 1.7Cp = $126,330.
fl = 1.6,
663
other standard materials are given for many of the items covered
here. Usually only the parts in contact with process substances need
be of special construction, so that, in general, the multipliers are
not always as great as they are for vessels that are made entirely of
special materials. Thus, when the tube side of an exchanger is
special and the shell is carbon steel, the multiplier will vary with the
amount of tube surface, as shown in that section.
As with most collections of data, the price data correlated here
exhibit a certain amount of scatter. This is due in part to the
incomplete characterizations in terms of which the correlations are
made, but also to variations among manufacturers, qualities of
construction, design differences, market situations, and other
factors. Accordingly, the accuracy of the correlations cannot be
claimed to be better than f 2 5 % or so.
Falling film
Fired heaters
Box types
Cylindrical types
11. Heat exchangers
Shell-and-tube
Double pipe
Air coolers
12. Mechanical separators
Centrifuges
Cyclone separators
Heavy duty
Standard duty
Multiclone
Disk separators
Filters
Rotary vacuum belt discharge
Rotary vacuum scraper discharge
Rotary vacuum disk
Horizontal vacuum belt
Pressure leaf
Plate-and-frame
Vibrating screens
13. Motors and couplings
Motors
Belt drive coupling
Chain drive coupling
Variable speed drive coupling
14. Pumps
Centrifugal
Vertical mixed flow
Vertical axial flow
Gear pumps
Reciprocating pumps
15. Refrigeration
16. Steam ejectors and vacuum pumps
Ejectors
Vacuum pumps
17. Vessels
Horizontal pressure vessels
Vertical pressure vessels
Storage tanks, shop fabricated
Storage tanks, field erected
10.
665
TABLE 20.2. Purchase Prices of Process Equipment (Basic: CE Plant Cost Index = 325, Middle 1985)
3. Conveyors (IFP) K$
1. Agitators
[Meyers and Kime, Chem. Eng., 109-112 (27 Sep. 1976)l
C = exp[a
+ b In HP + c(ln HP)']
$,
Single Impeller
Speed 1
Dual Impeller
Carbon
steel
a
b
c
8.57
8.43
0.1195 -0.0880
0.0819
0.1123
8.31
-0.1368
0.1015
8.80
8.50
0.1603 0.0257
0.0659 0.0878
Type 316
a
b
c
8.82
0.2474
0.0654
8.52
-0.1802
0.1158
8.82
8.72
9.25
0.2801 0.1235 -0.1225
0.0542 0.0818
0.1075
8.55
0.0308
0.0943
8.43
-0.1981
0.1239
W<100 klb/hr
A t ("C)
f
10
1.0
12
1.5
15
2.0
1.5 < 0 < 20 K gal/min
'",
C = 5.96(HP)0'61 K$,
W)'], I O <
C=exp[3.5612-0.0048In W+0.0913(ln
C = 6.49(HP)'.'*
C = 1.49(HP)0.71 K$,
C = f expr4.868 0.3092 In W
+ 0.0548(/n W)'],
Turbines (IFP):
Pressure discharge,
C = 0.31(HP)0'81 K$,
C = 0.69(HP)0.61 K$,
vacuum discharge,
0 in KSCFM
0.4692
0.0400
-0.4456
0.1203
0.1821
0.2211
0.0931
0.0786
0.0820
2-500
'2-900
2-300
-1.0181
0.3332
0.0647
2-500
materials factor, fm
2.2
2.0
+ Nf&fC, + C,,
Radial
1.o
1.15
1.30
1.45
1.60
Backward
Curved
1.o
1.15
1.30
1.45
N = number of trays
= 204,900.6332 0 8016
Pl
L.
, 2<D<24,
57 < L < 170ft (platforms and ladders)
Centrifugal
1.o
2.5
1.o
1.3
4
8
16
Material
Mild steel
Stainless type 304
Mild steel
Rubber-lined
Stainless type 304
Distillation:
4.0
5.5
11.0
Pressure Factors, Fp
Vacuum batch
C, = f,Cb
Carbon steel
Fiberglass
Stainless steel
Nickel alloy
Pressure
(kPa[gagel)
Batch vacuum:
Type
Forced circulation
Radial blades
Backward curved
Propeller
Propeller, with
guide vanes
Axial
Prop.
Vane
1.0
1.00
1.15
1.30
Material
Stainless steel, 304
Stainless steel, 316
Carpenter 2OCB-3
Nickel-200
Monel-400
Inconel-600
lncoloy-825
Titanium
f,
1.7
2.1
3.2
5.4
3.6
3.9
3.7
7.7
r,
1.189+0.05770
1.401 0.07240
1.525 0.07880
+
+
2.306 + 0.1 120D
(continued)
Spray dryers:
1.oo
0.80
1.59
0.85
Material
f = 2.25/(l.0414)N, when the number of trays
is less than 20
Carbon steel
304,321
316
Monel
lnconel
0.33
1.oo
1.13
3.0
3.67
Absorption:
6.0
12
5.071
10.0
36
5.295
Packed towers:
c=fJ,+v,c,+cpl
V, is volume of packing, Cp is cost of packing $/curt
4 ($/CUR)
Packing Type
Ceramic Raschig rings, 1 in.
Metal Raschig rings, 1 in.
lntalox saddles, 1 in.
Ceramic Raschig rings, 2 in.
Metal Raschig rings, 2 in.
Metal Pall rings. 1 in.
lntalox saddles, 2 in.
Metal Pall rings, 2 in.
Forced-Circulation Evaporators
19.6
32.3
19.6
13.6
23.0
32.3
13.6
23.0
Long-Tube Evaporators
+ +
C+
Atmospheric pressure
Vacuum
Material
Mild steel
Stainless type 304
Drying Gas
Hot air
Combustion gas (direct contact)
Combustion gas (indirect contact)
Materials
Mild steel
Lined with stainless 304-20%
Lined with stainless 316-20%
1.oo
1.35
1.80
Steel/copper
Monel/cupronickel
Nickel/nickel
Pressure
r,
8. Dryers (IFP)
r,
Steel/copper
Steel/steel
Steel/aluminum
Nickel/nickel
1.o
0.6
0.7
3.3
r,
1.o
2.0
Tube Material
r,
Carbon steel
CrMo steel
Stainless
25.5
33.8
45.0
1.o
1.4
Design Type
Process heater
Pyrolysis
Reformer (without
catalyst)
0.00
0.12
0.35
r,
0.35
r,
0.00
0.25
0.50
6
0
0.10
Cylindrical type:
C = k(1 + f
+ f,)Qo'82,
0
0.10
0.15
0.25
0.40
0.60
Tube Material
Carbon steel
CrMo steel
Stainless
27.3
40.2
42.0
(continued)
TABLE 20.2-(continued)
Filters (Hall), prices in $/sqft:
Design Type
Cylindrical
Dowtherm
0
0.33
+ 0.0587(1n A)],
r,
0
0.15
0.20
price in $
6
exp[-1.1156+0.0906(lnA)]
1.35
exp[-0.9816 + 0.0830(ln A)]
r,
0.7771 + 0.04981(1n A)
1.0305+0.07140(lnA)
1.1400+0.12088(1nA)
6 = gl +&(In
MateriaI
Stainless steel 316
Stainless steel 304
Stainless steel 347
Nickel 200
Monel400
lnconel 600
lncoloy 825
Titanium
Hastelloy
A)
g1
s?
0.8603
0.8193
0.6116
1.5092
1.2989
1.2040
1.1854
1.5420
0.1549
0.23296
0,15984
0.22186
0.60859
0.43377
0.50764
0.49706
0.42913
0.51774
Type
4.8314
4.1514
4.2432
1800 rpm
4.7075
4.5212
7.4044
1200 rpm
4.9298
5.0999
4.6163
Totally enclosed, fan-cooled
3600 rpm
5.1058
3.8544
5.3182
1800 rpm
4.9687
4.5347
1200 rpm
5.1532
5.3858
Explosion-proof
3600 rpm
5.3934
4.4442
1800 rpm
5.2851
4.8178
1200 rpm
5.4166
5.5655
14. Pumps
Centrifugal (Evans) prices in $:
r,
1.oo
1.10
1.25
Air coolers (Hall): C = 24.6A0.40, 0.05 < A < 200 Ksqft, price in K$
K$
Inorganic Process
MateriaI
Organic Process
42
65
70
84.4
1.63
3.50
5.50
6.56
98
114
143
300
5.06
7.14
9.43
10.0
~~
Carbon steel
316
Monel
Nickel
Hastelloy
a1
0.10960
0.05252
-0.03595
0.22888
0.04820
0.05448
0.12630
0.06052
-0.02188
1-7.5
7.5-250
250-700
1-7.5
7.5-250
250-600
1-7.5
7.5-250
250-500
0.03316
0.83311
1,08470
-0.00930
0.57065
0.28931
0.31004
0.15374
0.02399
-0.05695
0.22616
0.04609
0.14357
0.07406
1-7.5
7.5-250
250-400
7.5-250
250-400
1-7.5
7.5-350
-0.00333
0.60820
0.00048
0.51086
0.31216
0.31284
0.15476
0.05202
0.19949
0.05293
0.10573
0.07212
1-7.5
7.5-200
1-7.5
7.5-250
1-7.5
7.5-200
5 < W<40tons/hr
K$
FT = exp[b,
667
+ ib,(lnf
0 in gpm, H in ft head
Cost Factor FM
Cast steel
304 or 316 fittings
Stainless steel, 304 or 316
Cast Goulds alloy no. 20
Nickel
Monel
IS0 B
IS0 c
Titanium
Hastelloy C
Ductile iron
Bronze
HP limit
vsc
HP < 75
0.09666
0.53470
1.03251
-0.0151 1
0.47242
-0.06464
0.301 18
0.35861
0.88531
Material
10< W<90
a3
82
Open, drip-proof
3600 rpm
1.o
1.9
2.2
Pressure
(bar)
54
4-6
6-7
+ 7.877/HP),
Coefficients
Material:
Shell/Tu be
cs/cs
cs/304L stainless
cs/316 stainless
C = exp[ll.27
Type
Fixed-head
Kettle reboiler
U-tube
C = explll.20 - 1.2252(1nA)
1.35
1.15
2.00
2.00
3.50
3.30
4.95
4.60
9.70
2.95
1.15
1.90
+ b&ln Qfi21
(continued)
bl
5.1029
0.0632
2.0290
13.7321
9.8849
Type
One-stage, 3550 rpm, VSC
One-stage, 1750 rpm, VSC
One-stage. 3550 rpm, HSC
One-stage, 1750 rpm, HSC
Two-stage, 3550 rprn, HSC
Two-stage, 3550 rpm, HSC
Vacuum pumps:
Flow Range
(gpm)
Head Range
HP
(max)
50-900
50-3500
100-1500
250-5000
50-1 100
100-1500
50-400
50-200
100-450
50-500
300-1 100
650-3200
75
200
150
250
250
1450
Vertical mixed flow (IFP): C = 0.036(gpm)0.82K$, 500 < gpm < 130,000
Vertical axial flow (IFP): C = 0.020(gpm)078K$, 1000 < gpm < 130,000
Gear pumps (IFP): C = exp[-0.0881 0.1986(ln 0)
+ 0.0291(ln Of]
K$,
C = fMC, + C,
C,
C = fMCb
+ C,
+ 0.04576(1n W)],
= expI9.100 - 0.2889(1n W )
= 246D0.7396
a
Cast iron:
Others:
C =8.15X.03 K$,
0.3 < X< 15 (Ibs air/hr)/(suction Torr).
-1.2217
0.0771
0.2744 -0.0253
-0.2371
0.0102
-2.8304
0.1542
-1.6164
0.0834
0 7068
, 6<D<10,
12 < L < 20 R tangent-to-tangent
F = 1.00
316 stainless
AI bronze
Nickel
Monel
1.40
1.86
2.20
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
1.oo
1.55
2.10
2.65
3.20
4.00
Material of Construction
f,
1.0
1.6
1.7
2.3
1.9
No.
Stages
1
2
3
4
5
1.7
2.1
3.2
5.4
3.6
3.9
.~
3.7
7.7
Storage tanks, shop fabricated: C = FM exp[2.631 1.3673(1n V ) 0.06309(1n V)], 1300< V<21,000gal
Storage tanks, field erected: C = fMexp(ll.662 - 0.6104(ln V)
21,000< V< 11,000,000 gal
0.04536(1n V)],
16. Steam ejectors and vacuum pumps (Pikulik and Diaz, 1979):
Ejectors:
Cost Factor FM
r,
4
Material
1.0 carbon steel
1.8 stainless steel
2.1 hastelloy
2.6
4.0
1.o
2.0
3.0
Cost Factor FM
2.7
2.4
3.0
3.5
3.3
3.8
11.0
11.o
2.75
1.9
0.32
2.7
2.3
0.55
Equipment
Agitators, carbon steel
stainless steel
Air heaters, all types
Beaters
Blenders
Blowers
Boilers
Centrifuges, carbon steel
stainless steel
Multiplier
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.2
Equipment
Chimneys and stacks
Columns, distillation, carbon steel
distillation, stainless steel
Compressors, motor driven
steam on gas driven
Conveyors and elevators
Cooling tower, concrete
Crushers, classifiers and mills
Crystallizers
Multiplier
1.2
3.0
2.1
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.9
continued)
REFERENCES
669
TABLE 20.34continued)
Equipment
Cyclones
Dryers, spray and air
other
Ejectors
Evaporators, calandria
thin film, carbon steel
thin film, stainless steel
Extruders, compounding
Fans
Filters, all types
Furnaces, direct fired
Gas holders
Granulators for plastic
Heat exchangers, air cooled, carbon steel
coil in shell, stainless steel
glass
graphite
plate, stainless steel
plate, carbon steel
shell and tube, stainless/stainless steel
shell and tube, carbon/stainless steel
Heat exchangers, shell and tube, carbon steel/aluminum
shell and tube, carbon steel/copper
shell and tube, carbon steel / M o d
shell and tube, Monel/Monel
shell and tube, carbon steel/Hastelloy
Instruments, all types
Miscellaneous, carbon steel
stainless steel
Multiplier
Equipment
Multiplier
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.7
1.5
2.5
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.5
2.5
1.7
2.2
2.0
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
2.5
2.0
1.5
2.8
2.0
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.9
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.8
2.2
1.5
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.5
1.7
2.3
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.7
2.8
1975
125.7
123.8
122.7
122.9
132.0
132.1
125.6
99.8
REFERENCES
1. Chemical Engineering Magazine, Modern Cost Engineering, McGrawHill, New York, 1979.
2. Chemical Engineering Magazine, Modern Cost Engineering II, McGrawHill, New York, 1984.
3. L.B. Evans, A. Mulet, A.B. Corripio, and K.S. Chretien, Costs of
pressure vessels, storage tanks, centrifugal pumps, motors, distillation
and absorption towers, in Ref. 2, pp. 140-146, 177-183.
4. J. Gran, Improved factor method gives better preliminary cost estimates,
in Ref. 2, pp. 76-90.
5. D.W. Green and J.O. Maloney (Eds.), Perrys Chemicaf Engineers
Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984, cost data on pp, 6.7, 6.22,
6.112, 6.113, 6.121, 7.19, 11.19, 11.20, 11.21, 11.29, 11.42, 17.27, 17.33,
18.45, 18.46, 18.47, 19.13, 19.40, 19.45, 19.65, 19.89, 19.101, 19.102,
1980
OCt.
1985
Year