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SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
wavelength596nmisaimedattwoslitsthatare
separatedby1.90105m. What is the distance
from the central band to the first-order yellow band
ifthescreenis0.600mfromtheslits?
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
5.InthesituationinExampleProblem2,whatwould
SOLUTION:
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5.InthesituationinExampleProblem2,whatwould
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
For Manual
the thinnest
m = 0.
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SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is a phase change on
SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is a phase change on
the first reflection. Because nair < nfilm, there is
no phase change on the second reflection.
SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is a phase inversion
on the first reflection. Because nsilicon > nfilm,
there is a phase inversion on the second
reflection. For destructive interference to keep
yellow-green from being reflected:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
When a wave encounters a slit, the wave bends.
Light is diffracted by the slits. Light from one
slit interferes with light from the other. If
interference is constructive, there is a bright
band; if destructive, the region is dark.
9.CHALLENGE
Abysilicon
solar
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cell has a
nonreflective coating placed on it. If a film of silicon
monoxide, n= 1.45, is placed on the silicon, n= 3.5,
SOLUTION:
Page 3
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
a.Thereisonephaseinversion,soconstructive
SOLUTION:
a.Thereisonephaseinversion,soconstructive
interference will be when
SOLUTION:
14.Lightofwavelength542nmfallsonadoubleslit.
Use the values from Figure11 to determine how far
apart the slits are.
Page 4
14.Lightofwavelength542nmfallsonadoubleslit.
Use the values from Figure11 to determine how far
apart the slits are.
SOLUTION:
sin = tan totwosignificantdigitsupto9.9.
An increase in the precision of the
measurementreducesthisangleto2.99.
16.Monochromaticgreenlightofwavelength546nm
fallsonasingleslitwithawidthof0.095mm.The
slitislocated75cmfromascreen.Howwidewill
the central bright band be?
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
17.Yellowlightwithawavelengthof589nmpasses
throughaslitofwidth0.110mmandmakesapattern
on a screen. If the width of the central bright band is
2.6010
screen?
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
sin = tan totwosignificantdigitsupto9.9.
An increase in the precision of the
measurementreducesthisangleto2.99.
SOLUTION:
16.Monochromaticgreenlightofwavelength546nm
fallsonasingleslitwithawidthof0.095mm.The
slitislocated75cmfromascreen.Howwidewill
the central bright band be?
SOLUTION:
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SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
a. Red, because the width of the central bright
band is proportional to wavelength.
b.
19.Yellowlightfallsonasingleslit0.0295mmwide.On
ascreenthatis60.0cmaway,thecentralbright
bandis24.0mmwide.Whatisthewavelengthofthe
light?
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
a. Red, because the width of the central bright
band is proportional to wavelength.
b.
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SOLUTION:
A full spectrum of color is seen. Because of the
variety of wavelengths, dark fringes of one
wavelength are filled by bright fringes of
another color.
22.Ifbluelightofwavelength434nmshinesona
diffraction grating and the spacing of the resulting
linesonascreenthatis1.05mawayis0.55m,what
is the spacing between the slits in the grating?
SOLUTION:
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22.Ifbluelightofwavelength434nmshinesona
diffraction grating and the spacing of the resulting
linesonascreenthatis1.05mawayis0.55m,what
is the spacing between the slits in the grating?
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
25.Challenge Lightofwavelength632nmpasses
through a diffraction grating and creates a pattern on
ascreenthatis0.55maway.Ifthefirstbrightband
is5.6cmfromthecentralbrightband,howmany
slits per centimeter does the grating have?
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
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SOLUTION:
, so the greater the dot spacing (x) the
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Determine if the violet or the red end of the
spectrum makes the largest angle with the
direction of the beam of incident white light. A
prism bends the violet end of the spectrum the
most, whereas a grating diffracts red
Page 8
wavelengths the most.
SOLUTION:
Determine if the violet or the red end of the
spectrum makes the largest angle with the
direction of the beam of incident white light. A
prism bends the violet end of the spectrum the
most, whereas a grating diffracts red
wavelengths the most.
Chapter Assessment
Section 1 Interference: Mastering
Concepts
SOLUTION:
When monochromatic light is used, you get a
sharp interference pattern; if you use white
light, you get sets of colored bands.
32.Explain why the position of the central bright band of
a double-slit interference pattern cannot be used to
determine the wavelength of the light.
SOLUTION:
All wavelengths produce the line in the same
place.
SOLUTION:
Let the light fall on the double slit, and let the
interference pattern fall on a sheet of paper.
Measure the spacing between the bright
bands, x, and use the equation
SOLUTION:
All wavelengths produce the line in the same
place.
SOLUTION:
Let the light fall on the double slit, and let the
interference pattern fall on a sheet of paper.
Measure the spacing between the bright
bands, x, and use the equation
34.Describe in your own words what happens in thinfilm interference when a colored band is produced by
light shining on a soap film suspended in air. Make
sure you include in your explanation how the
wavelength of the light and the thickness of the film
are related.
SOLUTION:
When the light strikes the front of the film,
some reflects off this surface and some passes
through the film and reflects off the back
surface of the film. When light reflects off a
medium with a higher index of refraction, it
undergoes a phase shift of one-half wavelength;
this happens to the light that initially reflects. In
order for a colored band to be produced, two
light rays must be in phase. If the thickness of
the film is such that the ray reflecting off the
back surface goes through a multiple of half of a
cycle while passing through the film, the light
rays arriving at your eye will be in phase and
constructively interfere. Remember that the
index of refraction of the film determines
whether the wave is inverted, so that the
thickness of the film must equal a multiple of
half a wavelength of the light, divided by the
films index of refraction.
Chapter Assessment
Section 1 Interference: Mastering
Problems
Page 9
Chapter Assessment
Section 1 Interference: Mastering
Problems
SOLUTION:
There is one phase inversion, so constructive
interference will be when
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
There is one phase inversion, so constructive
interference will be when
SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is an inversion on
the first reflection. Because nglass < nfilm, there
isnoinversiononthesecondreflection.
Page 10
SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is an inversion on
the first reflection. Because nglass < nfilm, there
isnoinversiononthesecondreflection.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
A:Thescreenis0.95mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby12mm.
B :Thescreenis0.95mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby16mm.
C:Thescreenis1.3mfromtheslits,andadjacent
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brightspotsareseparatedby20mm.
D:Thescreenis2.8mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby40mm.
A:Thescreenis0.95mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby12mm.
B :Thescreenis0.95mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby16mm.
C:Thescreenis1.3mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby20mm.
D:Thescreenis2.8mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby40mm.
E:Thescreenis2.8mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby50mm.
SOLUTION:
Chapter Assessment
Section 2 Diffraction: Mastering
Concepts
SOLUTION:
The spacing is directly proportional to the
wavelength, and because red light has a longer
wavelength than violet, the red lines will be
spaced farther apart than the violet lines.
SOLUTION:
The large number of grooves in diffraction
gratings increases the intensity of the
diffraction patterns. The grooves are close
together, producing sharper images of light.
SOLUTION:
Small apertures have large diffraction patterns
that limit resolution.
SOLUTION:
Answers will vary, but a correct form of the
answer is, Light of wavelength 530 nm is
shone through a slit of width 0.20 mm. If a
diffraction pattern is made on a screen 2.00 m
away, what is the distance from the center of the
pattern to the first dark band?
SOLUTION:
Answers will vary. A possible form of the
correct answer would be, .If resolution were
to be diffraction-limited, what would be the
smallest angle that could be resolved if the
incoming light had a wavelength of 550 nm?
SOLUTION:
violet light, the color with the smallest
wavelength
SOLUTION:
violet light, the color with the smallest
Chapter
19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment
wavelength
Chapter Assessment
Section 2 Diffraction: Mastering
Problems
SOLUTION:
Horizontal scratches produce up and down
spectra; vertical scratches produce the left and
right. Two other stripes are from scratches at
o
45 above and below the horizontal.
SOLUTION:
Chapter Assessment
Section 2 Diffraction: Mastering
Problems
48.Agooddiffractiongratinghas2.510 linespercm.
Whatisthedistancebetweentwolines?(Level1)
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
49.Lightwithawavelengthof455nmpassesthrougha
singleslitandfallsonascreen100cmaway.Ifthe
slitis0.015cmwide,whatisthedistancefromthe
centerofthepatterntothefirstdarkband?(Level2)
SOLUTION:
Page 13
49.Lightwithawavelengthof455nmpassesthrougha
singleslitandfallsonascreen100cmaway.Ifthe
slitis0.015cmwide,whatisthedistancefromthe
centerofthepatterntothefirstdarkband?(Level2)
SOLUTION:
51.Monochromaticlightwithawavelengthof425nm
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
51.Monochromaticlightwithawavelengthof425nm
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Page 14
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
a. complete destructive interference
b. complete constructive interference
SOLUTION:
The lines in the diffraction pattern are narrower
5
for the 10 lines/cm grating.
SOLUTION:
Shine each laser pointer at the grating,
reflecting onto a nearby wall. The color with the
longer wavelength will produce spots with a
greater spacing on the wall because the spacing
is directly proportional to the wavelength.
(Mark is correct; red light has a longer
wavelength than green light.)
SOLUTION:
A double-slit interference pattern consists of
equally spaced lines of almost equal brightness.
A single-slit diffraction pattern has a bright,
broad central band and dimmer side bands.
SOLUTION:
Less diffraction results from the short
wavelength of blue light.
a. soap bubbles
b. rose petals
c.oilfilms
d. a rainbow
SOLUTION:
a. interference
b. pigments
c. interference
d. refraction
SOLUTION:
The bands get wider and dimmer.
ChapterAssessment:MixedReview
61.Record Marieusesanold331/3rpmrecordasa
diffraction grating. She shines a laser, =632.8nm,
on the record, as shown in Figure27. On a screen
4.0mfromtherecord,aseriesofreddots21mm
apartarevisible.(Level1)
SOLUTION:
Less diffraction results from the short
wavelength of blue light.
a. soap bubbles
b. rose petals
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
The bands get wider and dimmer.
ChapterAssessment:MixedReview
61.Record Marieusesanold331/3rpmrecordasa
diffraction grating. She shines a laser, =632.8nm,
on the record, as shown in Figure27. On a screen
4.0mfromtherecord,aseriesofreddots21mm
apartarevisible.(Level1)
a. ACCDdetectoris50.0mmawayandsenseslight
at =550nm.Whatistheresolutionofthelens?
b. The owner of the camera knows that it has
6.3megapixelsinitsCCD.Themanufacturersays
thateachpixelis7.6m on a side. Compare the size
of the pixel with the resolution of the lens calculated
in part a.
SOLUTION:
a.
SOLUTION:
a.
b.
SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is a phase inversion
on the first reflection. Because nlens = 1.52 >
nfilm, there is a phase inversion on the second
b.
reflection.
Fordestructiveinterference:
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a camera
with
62.Camera
Page 17
Chapter
19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment
SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is a phase inversion
on the first reflection. Because nlens = 1.52 >
nfilm, there is a phase inversion on the second
reflection.
Fordestructiveinterference:
SOLUTION:
Agreenspotat0,yellowspotsat+ 30and
30,andtwobluespotsslightlycloserin.
SOLUTION:
The angle of diffraction depends on the ratio of
slit width to wavelength. Thus, you would
increase the width to 1.5w.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Agreenspotat0,yellowspotsat+ 30and
30,andtwobluespotsslightlycloserin.
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65.Apply Concepts Blue light of wavelength passes
SOLUTION:
The angle of diffraction depends on the ratio of
slit width to wavelength. Thus, you would
increase
the width
to 1.5w. Review, and Assessment
Chapter
19 Practice
Problems,
SOLUTION:
Descriptions will vary, but should include a
description of thin-film interference.
SOLUTION:
69.Many telescopes have adaptive optics that reduce
the atmospheric effects that cause stars to twinkle.
Research and describe how these systems work.
SOLUTION:
Student answers will vary. Answers could
include the correction of distorted wavefronts
with a deformable mirror to improve resolution.
SOLUTION:
Student answers will vary. Answers could
include diffraction in telescopes and
microscopes, as well as spectroscopy.
SOLUTION:
The block would float, but to submerge it would
require an extra force downward.
SOLUTION:
Descriptions will vary, but should include a
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
description of thin-film interference.
Page 19
SOLUTION:
Student answers will vary. Answers could
include diffraction in telescopes and
microscopes,
as well
as spectroscopy.
Chapter
19 Practice
Problems,
Review, and Assessment
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
The block would float, but to submerge it would
require an extra force downward.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Page 20
SOLUTION:
Page 21