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WORLDWIDE

ENGINEERING
STANDARDS

Test Method
Materials

GMW14698

Scratch Resistance of Organic Coatings and Self-Adhesive Foils

1 Scope
Note: Nothing in this standard supersedes
applicable laws and regulations.
Note: In the event of conflict between the English
and domestic language, the English language shall
take precedence.
This standard shall be used to determine the
scratch resistance of organic coatings applicable to
single or multiple coat systems applied onto
metallic or polymeric substrates and self-adhesive
foils.
Changes of the organic coat or self-adhesive foil,
e.g., deformation or change of brightness (visual
impression) are not covered with this standard.

3.3 Rockwood Five Arm Test Device


(Method B). The basic testing device has a base
and five movable arms with metal tips. One end of
each arm is fixed and the other end is fitted with
interchangeable
scratch
steel
tips
with
1.0 0.1 mm diameter hemisphere. The tips are
loaded with different weights exerting the standard
forces listed in Table 1.
Table 1; Standard Forces
Arm #

Tip Load (N)

20.0

15.0

13.0

2 References

8.0

Note: Only the latest approved standards are


applicable unless otherwise specified.
2.1 External Standards/Specifications.

5.0

ISO 18262
2.2 GM Standards/Specifications.
GMW14898

3 Test Equipment
3.1 Apparatus as required by the appropriate Test
Methods, for example.
3.2 Erichsen Hardness Test Rod type 318
(Method A).

Non-standard forces may be employed at the


discretion of the appropriate material standard or
test engineer. Weight can be loaded onto the arm
in three different positions as desired as shown in
Figure 2 and described in Table 2.
Test plaques rest below the loaded arm tips on a
base. Actuation of the arms may be accomplished
by a pneumatically driven ram.

Figure 2: Weight Placement on Arm

A: Adjustment mark for spring force


B: Spring

Figure 1: Erichsen Hardness Test Rod

Copyright 2007 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

September 2007

Originating Department: GME Specification Center


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GMW14698

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Table 2: Force/Mass Chart


Mass ID

Position of
Mass on Arm

0.6 N

2N

3N

4.5 N

5N

6N

7N

8N

9.25 N

10 N

13 N

14 N

15 N

17.3 N

18 N

20 N

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Force (N)
Needed

A: Tip

Figure 4: Test Tip 2 (Zoom)

4 Test Material
4.1 The test sample, wherever possible, shall be
the finished part. Should size, shape, etc., of the
finished part be impractical, then suitable pieces
taken from the part shall be used instead.
4.2 The coating shall be applied according to the
relevant Material Specification.
4.3 For initial sample approval and arbitration
purposes, at least three test samples shall be
tested. For routine quality control, at least one test
sample shall be tested.

5 Test Method
The testing device may be procured from the
following source:
Rockwood Systems and Equipment, Inc.
34303 Industrial Road
Livonia, MI 48150 USA
(734) 525-9140
3.4 Test Tips. Made of steel or hard metal to
ISO 18262 485 HV minimum.
3.4.1 Hemispheric tip: 1.0 0.1 mm diameter.
3.4.2 See Figure 3 and Figure 4 for 0.5 mm tip with
special geometry (Test Tip 2).

A: Brass
B: Tip

Figure 3: Test Tip 2

Deviations from the conditions of this test method


shall have been agreed upon. These shall be
specified on engineering drawings, material
specifications etc. and must be indicated in test
certificates, reports etc.
5.1 Summary of Test Method. The scratch
resistance of organic coatings and self-adhesive
foils, as determined by this test method, shall be
defined as the resistance to penetration by a
preloaded hardened steel tip moving across the
surface. The steel tip has penetrated the organic
coating or the self-adhesive foil if a break, a crack,
and/or a peel of organic coating or self-adhesive
foil occurs during test.
5.2 Test Sample Preparation. Samples to be
tested using this method shall be flat plastic
plaques or regions cut from plastic parts which are
sufficiently flat to provide for accurate assessment.
5.2.1 The test shall not be carried out prior to 72 to
96 h after coating and drying for organic coatings.
5.2.2 The test shall not be carried out prior to 24 to
30 h after adhering of the self-adhesive foil.
5.2.3 Parts from suppliers shall be tested without
conditioning in the as-received condition.
5.3 Test Procedure.
5.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be
performed at +23 5C. Care shall be taken to

Copyright 2007 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

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Copyright General Motors Company


Provided by IHS under license with General Motors Company
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

September 2007

Licensee=Omron Dultec Automotive/5915315100


Not for Resale, 03/07/2012 09:07:08 MST

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

6 Evaluation and Rating


The force at which the tip of the test rod on a single
coat system just fails to penetrate to substrate
material or on a multi-coat system just fails to
penetrate the top coat or a self-adhesive foil just
fails to penetrate the foil shall be recorded.

7 Report
The results of this test shall be reported in a test
report with reference to this test method.
Report the tip (GMW14898-1 or GMW14898-2),
test equipment (Method A or Method B) and force
for each scratch on the surface of the sample. If
more than one sample is tested, results may be
averaged.

8 Safety
This standard may involve hazardous materials,
operations, and equipment. This standard does not
propose to address all the safety problems
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of the standard to establish appropriate safety
and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

9 Notes
9.1 Glossary. Not applicable.
9.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols. Not
applicable.

10 Coding System
This standard shall be referenced in other
documents, drawings, etc., as follows:
Examples:
Test to GMW14698 1 to 13 N minimum.
Test to GMW14698 2 to 4 N minimum.

11 Release and Revisions


11.1 Release. This standard originated in October
2005, replacing GME60402, GMN3943. It was first
approved by Global GM Materials Group in
December 2006. It was first published in
September 2007.

Copyright 2007 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

September 2007

Copyright General Motors Company


Provided by IHS under license with General Motors Company
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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ensure that the test sample has attained this


temperature.
5.3.2 For Test Equipment Method A (See 3.2
Erichsen). The tip of the test rod shall be placed
vertically onto the test sample surface with
sufficient pressure to overcome the spring
pretension. The test rod shall then be drawn once
over the test surface for a minimum length of
100 mm.
5.3.3 For Test Equipment Method B (See 3.3
Rockwood). Install the specified scratch tips with
1.0 0. mm diameter hemisphere under the arms.
5.3.3.1 Check the loading forces, measured
directly at the scratch tip, by using a spring
balance. If necessary, position the weight(s) to
meet the required scratch force(s) on the surface
of the sample. Be sure that the cylinder label on
each weight opposite the weight identification is in
the direction of the air cylinder. Note that the
recommended weights are different for smooth and
grained surfaces.
5.3.3.2 Place the sample into the testing device
with the surface to be tested face up in the fixture.
Position the sample to maximize the length of the
scratches when the testing device is actuated.
5.3.4 Actuate the scratching device within 3 s of
lowering the arm tip on the sample allowing the
arms to travel one time across the surface of the
panel at a rate of 100 mm/s.
Note: Very Important. Always pull arms across
the plaque toward the air cylinder. Never push
arms in opposite direction.
5.3.5 Mark the direction of movement of the
scratching device on the panels taking care not to
mark the surface just tested.

GMW14698

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Licensee=Omron Dultec Automotive/5915315100


Not for Resale, 03/07/2012 09:07:08 MST

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