09/09/2014 GBB Le bton post-contraint

Practical applications of
post-tensioned concrete in buildings
Franois LEPERS
CEO of GAMACO Ingnieurs-Conseils

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

Post-tensioned slabs (PT slabs) (1)

Sketches from commercial documentation Freyssinet

2 effects of the post-tensioning on the structures:

Compression force
Balanced loads

Global impact on the building design:

PT slabs can be used in all kind of buildings : office buildings , apartment's building, hospital,
commercial center's, parking's, sport infrastructures,

Post-tensioned slabs (PT slabs) (2)

Specific design consideration regarding to PT structures

Sketches from PT-structures.com

The slab has to be able to shorten freely at jacking

(elastic shortening due to the compressive forces)
When unfavorable cases occurs, specific execution details can be adopted to maximize the
compression force in the slab.

Post-tensioned slabs (PT slabs) (3)

Execution design studies :
usually in charge of specialized sub-contractors, as it is also the practice in the industry for
precast elements

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

Flat PT slabs (1)

bi-directional behavior no beams

Classical Span/depth ratio :

(Hyperstatic slabs)

Overloads

Span/Depth

1.5 kPa

Up to L/45

2.5 kPa

Up to L/40

5.0 kPa

Up to L/35

Admissible spans : usually 6 to 12 m, but 16m often used in parking structures

Typical passive reinforcement :
general bottom mesh, top bars over the columns only, punching shear reinforcement and
bursting/edge reinforcement

Flat PT slabs (3)

110 000 m of flat PT slabs:
30000m in 2004 (Cordeel)
75000m in 2013 (CEI De Meyer & Jan De Nul)

Flat slab 250mm

Typical grid : 8.1m x 8.1m
Typical overloads : 6.0 kPa
Unbonded & bonded system
75000m = 7 months on site !
+- 600m/week/crane
(5 cranes)

AZ GROENINGE - KORTRIJK

Flat PT slabs (4)

EUROMED CENTER II MARSEILLE - FRANCE
45 000 m of flat PT slabs
Mixed building : parking, hotel, gardens, shopping mall & offices
Spans from 6.0m to 8.5m

Flat PT slabs (5)

DOCKS DE LYON LYON - FRANCE
3 000 m of flat PT slabs (currently in progress)
6 levels of offices
Spans : max 8.5m
Cantilevers : max 3.5m
Slab depth : 300mm, including integrated heating/cooling system (active floor)

Flat PT slabs (6)

BANK ACCORD CROIX - FRANCE
8 000 m of flat PT slabs (2013)
- parking (2.5 kPa)
- offices (6.0 kPa)
Spans : 10.m x 8.5 m
Slab depth : 250 / 260mm

Flat PT slabs (7)

MAISON DES SCIENCES HUMAINES BELVAL - LUXEMBURG
30 000m of flat PT slabs (2011-2012)
Spans :
12.0m isostatic & 12.0m x 8.0 m
Overloads : 6.1 kPa
Slab depth : 360 mm
Main engineer : BEST

12m

8m

12m

Flat PT slabs (7)

ARENDT HOUSE KIRCHBERG - LUXEMBURG
8000m of flat PT slabs (2013)
Spans : Maximum 17.0m
Overloads: 6.0 kPa
Slab depth : 35 cm
Main engineer : INCA

17m

Flat PT slabs (8)

GHELAMCO ARENNA - GENT
10000m of flat PT slabs (2013)
Spans : 10m x 10 m
Overloads : 5.0 kPa
Slab depth : 300 mm

Flat PT slabs (9)

12500m of flat PT slabs (2012)
2 levels of parking
1 roof level with high loadings
Spans : 16.0m x 6.0 m
Overloads :
Parking 2.5 kPa
Roof 22.0 kPa

Slab depth :
Parking 350 mm
Roof 550 mm

PUBLIC PARKING LA GARDE - FRANCE

Flat PT slabs (10)

PUBLIC PARKING BETHUNE - FRANCE
10000m of flat PT slabs
2 levels of parking
1 roof level with high loadings
Spans : 16.0m x 6.0 m
Overloads :
Parking 2.5 kPa
Roof 25 to 30 kPa

Slab depth :
Parking 350 mm
Roof 550 mm

Flat PT slabs (11)

PUBLIC PARKING BETHUNE - FRANCE

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

Flat PT slabs with drop panels (1)

bi-directional behavior no beams

Classical Span/depth ratio :

(Hyperstatic slabs)

Overloads

Span/Depth

2.5 kPa

Up to L/45

5.0 kPa

Up to L/40

Admissible spans : from 10 to 16m

Flat PT slabs with drop panels (2)

COMMERCIAL CENTER IKEA MOSCOW - RUSSIA
15 000m of flat PT slabs
Project of commercial center
Spans : 16.0m x 16.0 m
Overloads : 15 kPa
Slab depth : 400mm + capital 4000x4000x300mm

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

slabs with PT beams (1)

one-directional behavior

bi-directional behavior

Classical Span/depth ratio :

(Hyperstatic slabs)

Overloads

Slab
Span/Depth

Beams
Span/Depth

2.5 kPa

Up to L/45

Up to L/30

5.0 kPa

Up to L/40

Up to L/25

Classical Span/depth ratio :

(Hyperstatic slabs)

Overloads

PT Slab
Span/Depth

Beams
Span/Depth

2.5 kPa

Up to L/45

Up to L/25

5.0 kPa

Up to L/40

Up to L/20

Typical example : grid 16.0m x 8.0m

Typical example : square grids from 12.0m

to 20.0 m

Slabs with PT beams (2)

PARKING & COMMERCIAL CENTER LECLERC ROQUES (TOULOUSE) - FRANCE

35 000 m
Spans : 16.0m x 8.0 m
Overloads : 2.5 kPa
Slab depth : 200 mm
Beams : 1000x600mm

Slabs with PT beams (3)

PARKING OF THE AIRPORT ISTANBUL - TURKIE
35 000 m
Spans : 16.0m x 16.0 m
Overloads : 5.0 kPa
Slab depth : 30cm
Flat beams : 300x60cm

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

Waffle PT slabs (1)

bi-directional behavior

Classical Span/depth ratio :

(Hyperstatic slabs)

Admissible spans : up to 16m

Overloads

Span/Depth

2.5 kPa

Up to L/30

5.0 kPa

Up to L/25

Waffle PT slabs (2)

PARKING OF A COMMERCIAL CENTER - AIX-EN-PROVENCE - FRANCE
Parking 28 000 m
Grid 16.0m x 7.0m
Waffle slab 400mm

Waffle PT slabs (2)

ERNST&YOUNG - KIRCHBERG - LUXEMBURG
Ovodal shape in plan view
Waffle slab with variable thickness

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

Lightened PT slabs (1)

Basic solution : polystyrene blocs (IMEC tower)
Other solutions : Cobiax, Uboot, Bubbledeck,

The self-weight reduction is typically about 20% to 30% with this kind of solution.
This allows to reduce the PT and RC ratios in the slabs.
The economical balance has to be checked between material earnings and weight-reducing element
costs.

Lightened PT slabs (2)

PARKING ARLEQUIN GRENOBLE - FRANCE
11 000 m of lightened slabs (2013)
Isostatic spans : 10.5 m
Overloads : 2.5 kPa
Slab depth : variable from 30 to 35 cm
Lightening elements : Uboot

Lightened PT slabs (3)

TWARDA TOWER WARSAW - POLAND
25 000 m of lightened slabs (2012)
High-rise building 44 floors
max spans : 9.20m
Slab thickness : 230 mm + Cobiax SL 120
Overloads : 5.0 kPa

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

PT slabs on wide slabs (1)

MAISON DU SAVOIR BELVAL - LUXEMBURG

Cable profile

Typical section

PT slabs on wide slabs (2)

MAISON DU SAVOIR BELVAL - LUXEMBURG

PT slabs on wide slabs (2)

BRUSSELS AIRPORT - ZAVENTEM
Terminal & Pier B
150 000 m
Grid 8.0m x 8.0m

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

PT Foundation rafts (1)

WATER TREATMENT PLANT OF BRUSSELS NORTH - BRUSSELS
Foundation raft on piles : 25 000 m
Other PT slabs : 50 000m
General contractor : Jan De Nul
Piled raft supporting 10m of water

PT Foundation rafts (2)

HALA CZYZYNY - POLAND
Sport hall (Hockey)
Foundation raft : 12 500m
Spans : up to 12m
Thickness : 1000mm

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

PT transfer structures (1)

Particularities :
Initial stage is often critical (reversed moment conditions) Finitial = 0
High tensile stresses + cracks
100% PT force

Staging of the construction / jacking sequences

Finitial = 40%
0100%

50% PT force
100%

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

PT transfer beams (1)

8 isostatic beams 32 m
Superior building with 4 concrete level to support over a spectacle hall
Beams 200 x 220 cm

AUDITORIUM - BORDEAUX

PT transfer beams (2)

HOTEL DE REGION TOULOUSE - FRANCE
PT truss beam
PT in the tie elements of the truss
Cantilever 6.0m

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

PT transfer slabs (2)

APPARTMENT BUILDING - TEMSE
PT transfer slabs
240 mm

PT transfer slabs (2)

Bi-directional flat slab
Max spans : 17.0m
Slab thickness : 130 cm
Loadings : 6 levels height building

CITE JUDICIAIRE - LUXEMBURG

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

Wall post tensioning (1)

2 cantilevers : 25m each
1 central span > 50m
Main engineer : Jan Van Aelst

MAISON DU SAVOIR BELVAL - LUXEMBURG

Wall post tensioning (2)

MAISON DU SAVOIR BELVAL - LUXEMBURG

2 facade walls
2 inner walls

Wall post tensioning (3)

MAISON DU SAVOIR BELVAL - LUXEMBURG

Inner walls

Central span 50 m

Dilatation joint

Tower basement

Right cantilever
25 m

Wall post tensioning (4)

Inner walls

MAISON DU SAVOIR BELVAL - LUXEMBURG

Wall post tensioning (5)

Facade walls

Central span 50 m

Dilatation joint

MAISON DU SAVOIR BELVAL - LUXEMBURG

Tower basement

Right cantilever
25 m

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

Hangers
High-rise building (160m)
44 levels
Cantilever 11m
PT Hangers

TWARDA TOWER WARSAW - POLAND

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

External PT reinforcement of existing structures (1)

EXHIBITION HALLS - CHARLEROI

Legend:
Main beams
Carbon fiber reinforcement of the main beams
External PT reinforcement of the secondary beams

External PT reinforcement of existing structures (2)

EXHIBITION HALLS - CHARLEROI

Vertical component of the equivalent loads due to PT

External PT reinforcement of existing structures (3)

EXHIBITION HALLS - CHARLEROI

External PT reinforcement of existing structures (4)

Particular anchor system have been developed for reinforcement of existing structures

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

I.

PT slabs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

II.

Flat PT slabs
Flat PT slabs with drop panels
Slabs with PT beams
Waffle PT slabs
Lightened PT slabs
PT slabs on wide slabs
PT Foundation rafts

PT transfer structures
I.
II.

PT transfer beams
PT transfer slabs

III. Special PT applications

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Wall prestressing
Hangers
External reinforcement of existing structures
Post-tensioned concrete in silos

PT concrete in silos (4)

WATER TREATMENT PLANT BEAURADE - FRANCE
Annular compression = reduced cracks

Practical applications of post-tensioned concrete in buildings

Thank you for your attention

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