AASHTO Policy On Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 2001

AASHTO Policy on Geometric
Design of Highways and Streets

2001
Highlights and Major Changes
Since the 1994 Edition
Jim Mills, P.E.
Roadway Design Office
605 Suwannee Street MS-32
Tallahassee, FL 32399-0450
850-414-4318 SC 994-4318
jim.mills@dot.state.fl.us
FACERS Annual Conference - June 26-29, 2002
Implementation
z FHWA
Adoption NHS Highways
March 14, 2002

States will have 1 year following FHWA
Adoption to Begin Using (March 14, 2003)
z FDOT
will use this time to review and

make any necessary changes to FDOT
Design Criteria and Update the PPM
z Florida Greenbook Update for 2004?
Implementation
z For
Now on FDOT Projects
PPM & 94 AASHTO In Effect

Exceptions are to be based on 94 AASHTO
until 2001 Edition is recognized in PPM
2001 Edition may be used as support when
documenting, justifying Design Exceptions
z January
2003 PPM will incorporate 01

AASHTO
Development
z Developed
by the AASHTO Task Force

on Geometric Design, including
representatives from:
18 State Departments of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
American Public Works Association
National Association of County Engineers
National League of Cities
Port Authority of NY and NJ
Format
z 8.5-in
x 11-in pages with soft cover

z Sequence of chapters unchanged
z Chapter numbers are arabic rather
than Roman numerals
z Figures and tables are uniformly
called exhibits and are numbered
sequentially in each chapter to reduce
confusion in referencing
Units of Measurement
z Both
metric and U.S. customary

units are used
z In
Text
Metric first, followed by U.S. customary in

square brackets: 80 km/h [50 mph]
z In
Exhibits
Separate exhibits for metric and U.S.

customary units are presented where needed
Units of Measurement
z Metric
values are those that would be

used if the policy were entirely metric
z U.S. customary values are those that
would be used if the policy were
entirely U.S. customary
Users should work entirely in one system of
measurement or the other
Do not attempt to convert values!
Research
z 2001
Green Book based on latest

research projects, including:
NCHRP 375 Median Intersection Design
NCHRP 383 Intersection Sight Distance
NCHRP 400 Stopping Sight Distance
NCHRP 420 Access Management
NCHRP 439 Superelevation and Transitions
Highway Capacity Manual 2000
Additional Research
z Also:
NCHRP 240 Toll Plazas

NCHRP 241 Truck Operating Characteristics
NCHRP 264 Roundabouts
Transportation Research Circular 430
FHWA-RD-97-135 Older Driver Handbook
FHWA-RD-00-067 Roundabouts: An
Informational Guide
Chapter 1 Highway Functions

z No
major changes
10
Chapter 2 Design Controls and Criteria

z New design speed definition
a selected speed used to determine the various
geometric design features of the roadway. should
be logical with respect to topography, anticipated
operating speed, adjacent land use, and functional
classification.
z Old design speed definition
...maximum safe speed that can be maintained over
a specific section of highway when conditions are so
favorable that the design features of the highway
govern. (Same wording used in Florida Greenbook)
11

z Revised
design vehicle dimensions to

better reflect the existing fleet
z New design vehicle turning templates
z Additional information on access
control and access management, older
drivers, and pedestrians
z Corresponding design speeds in metric
and U.S. customary units are specified
12

z
Revised Dimensions for Selected Design Vehicles

P
SU
WB 50
90 AASHTO
90 AASHTO
90 AASHTO
01 AASHTO
01 AASHTO
01 AASHTO
and FGB
and FGB
and FGB
Height
Width
Length
Front Overhang
Rear Overhang
WB 1
4.25
7
19
3
5
11
4.25
7
19
3
5
11
13.5
8.5
30
4
6
20
11 - 13.5
8
30
4
6
20
24
13.8
24
14.4
42
24.4
42
28.3
WB 2
Min Turning Radius
Min Inside Radius
13.5
8.5
55
3
2
20
30
45
19.2
13.5
8.5
55
3
2
14.6
35.4
45
17
13
Chapter 3 Elements of Design

z
Extends range of design speeds

considered
20 to 130 km/h [15 to 80 mph]
Incorporates superelevation criteria and

updates transitions and spirals based on
research in NCHRP Report 439
Charts for critical length of grade based on
a 120 kg/kW [200 lb/hp] truck, rather than a
180 kg/kW [300 lb/hp] truck
14

z Revised
Turning Roadway Widths

based on Updated Design Vehicle
Dimensions
15
Design Widths for Turning Roadways (feet)

RADIUS To
Inside of
Curve
Traveled Way Width

1-LANE Case I-C
90 AASHTO
and FGB
01 AASHTO
50
75
23
19
23
20
100
18
18
150
17
17
200
16
16
300
16
15
400
16
15
500
15
15
Tangent
15
14
16

RADIUS To
Inside of
Curve
Traveled Way Width

1-LANE Case II - B
Provision for Pa ssing Stalle d Ve hicle
90 AASHTO
and FGB
01 AASHTO
50
25
26
75
23
23
100
150
22
21
22
21
200
21
20
300
20
20
400
20
19
500
Tangent
20
19
19
18
17

Traveled Way Width
RADIUS To
2-LANE Case III-A
Includes 2' deduction for shoulder.
Inside of
90 AASHTO
Curve
01 AASHTO
and FGB
50
29
29
75
27
27
100
26
26
150
25
24
200
25
24
300
24
24
400
24
24
500
24
24
Tangent
24
24
18

z
Stopping Sight Distance Criteria revised based

on NCHRP Report 400
initial speed equal to design speed (no reduction to
average running speed)
based on deceleration rates for controlled braking rather
than locked-wheel braking
deceleration rate is 3.4 m/s2 [11.2 ft/s2 ], independent of
speed
19

Stopping Sight Distance
90 AASHTO
Design
Speed
lower
(FGB)
upper
15
FDOT Plans Preparation Manual

01 AASHTO
Freeways
Interstate
Other
New/Reconstr
Arterials Collectors
RRR
A
200
200
200
165
80
20
125
125
115
25
150
150
155
30
200
200
200
35
225
250
250
250
225
240
220
200
40
275
325
305
300
275
300
270
240
45
325
400
360
375
350
325
350
325
280
50
400
475
425
450
400
400
410
400
325
55
450
550
495
550
500
475
450
470
450
370
60
525
650
570
625
575
550
500
530
525
420
65
550
725
645
700
625
600
610
550
455
70
625
850
730
800
725
700
690
625
520
75
820
80
910
20
Stopping Sight Distance

1000
90 AASHTO lower
900
01 AASHTO
Stopping Sight Distance - Feet
800
PPM Freeways Interstate
700
PPM New/Reconstr Arterials
600
PPM RRR C
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Design Speed - mph
21

z Vertical
Curve Design Criteria revised

based on NCHRP Report 400
driver eye height: 1,080 mm [3.5 ft], rather

than 1,070 mm [3.5 ft]
object height: 600 mm [2.0 ft], which
represents vehicle tail light height, rather
than 150 mm [6 in], which represented an
arbitrary object height
Improved discussion of sight distance at
undercrossings
22
Vertical Curve Design Criteria

Eye Height
Object Height
90 AASHTO/FGB = 3.5
90 AASHTO/FGB =
01 AASHTO
01 AASHTO
= 3.5
= 2.0
23
K Value - Crest Vertical Curves

90 AASHTO
Design
Speed
lower
FGB
upper
15
PPM
01 AASHTO
Freeways
Interstate
Other
New and Reconstr

RRR
A
20
10
10
25
20
20
12
30
30
30
19
30
30
30
30
20
35
40
50
29
50
40
43
36
30
40
60
80
44
70
60
68
55
43
45
80
120
61
110
90
80
92
79
59
50
110 120
160
84
150
130
120
126
120
79
55
150
220
114
220
190
170
150
166
152
103
60
190
310
151
300
250
230
190
211
207
133
65
230
400
193
380
320
280
230
280
228
156
70
290
540
247
500
400
370
358
294
203
75
312
80
384
24
K Value - Crest Vertical Curves

600
90 AASHTO lower
01 AASHTO
K-Value - Crest Vert Curves
500

400
PPM New and Reconstr Arterials
PPM RRR C
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Design Speed - mph
25
K Value - Sag Vertical Curves

90 AASHTO
Design
Speed
lower
(FGB)
upper
15
PPM
01 AASHTO
Freeways
Interstate
Other
New and Reconstr

RRR
A
10
20
20
20
17
25
30
30
26
30
40
40
37
40
40
36
36
28
35
50
50
49
50
50
46
41
36
40
60
70
64
60
60
62
54
46
45
70
90
79
80
80
70
75
69
57
50
90
110
96
100
90
90
92
89
69
55
100
130
115
130
120
110
100
108
103
81
60
120
160
136
150
140
130
120
125
123
94
65
130
180
157
170
160
150
130
147
130
104
70
150
220
181
200
180
170
169
151
122
75
206
80
231
26
K Value - Sag Vertical Curves

250
90 AASHTO lower
01 AASHTO
K Value - Sag Vert Curves
200
150
PPM New and Reconstr Arterials

PPM RRR C
100
50
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Design Speed mph
27
Chapter 4 Cross Section Elements

z Curb
terminology changed
vertical curb replaces barrier curb

sloping curb replaces mountable curb
NOTE:
FDOT Type F and Type E curb meet the
AASHTO definition for Sloping Curb.
28
Chapter 4 Cross Section Elements

z Eliminates
material on parabolic
cross sections
z Discusses sidewalk curb ramps and
ADA compliance
z Incorporates research on median
width and median opening design
from NCHRP Report 375
29
Chapter 5 Local Roads and Streets

z Includes
discussions of:
ADA compliance
new AASHTO bicycle guide
proposed AASHTO pedestrian guide
(currently in preparation)
z Refers
to forthcoming AASHTO report
Guidelines for Geometric Design of Very Low

Volume Local Roads (< 400 ADT)
30
Chapter 6 Collector Roads and Streets

z Includes
discussions of:
ADA compliance
new AASHTO bicycle guide
proposed AASHTO pedestrian guide
z Eliminates
material on parabolic
cross sections
31
Chapter 6 Collector Roads and Streets

z Incorporates
research on median
width and median opening design
from NCHRP Report 375
z Incorporates revised discussions of:
traffic control devices
erosion control
32
Chapter 7 Rural and Urban Arterials

z Incorporates
research on median width

and median opening design from NCHRP
Report 375
z Incorporates research on access
management from NCHRP Report 420
z Places more emphasis on design to
accommodate pedestrians and bicycles
in the arterial environment
33
Chapter 8 Freeways
z No
major changes
34
Chapter 9 Intersections
z Chapter
title changed from

At-Grade Intersections
z Explicitly defines the functional area of
an intersection
includes the distance a vehicle travels during
perception-reaction and maneuvering (braking
and lane changing), and the space needed for
storage (to accommodate the longest queue
expected most often)
35
z Includes
discussions of:
access management near intersections

modern roundabouts
z Includes
expanded discussion of offset

left-turn lanes
advantages include better visibility, reduced
conflicts and the ability to serve more vehicles.
36
z Includes
revised intersection sight

distance criteria based on NCHRP
Report 383
revised criteria for uncontrolled intersections
new gap acceptance criteria for entering or
crossing major roads
limited sight distances for signals and all-way
stops
37
Intersection Sight Distance

Length of SD Leg Along Major Road
Length of SD Leg Along Major Road
Major Road
Sigh
t L in
ne
i
L
ht
Sig
1990 AASHTO:
a = 20
Florida Greenbook: a = 15
2001 AASHTO:
a = 17.8' desirable
a = 14.4' minimum
Minor Road
a = driver eye setback
38
Length of Sight Distance Leg along Major Road

Design Speed
01 AASHTO - 2 Lane Intersection Florida Greenbook

W = 50' - based on
Right Turn &
Left Turn Maneuver
Crossing
Maneuver
Crossing Maneuver
Left and Right Turn
Index 546 and 90
AASHTO
15
170
145
20
225
195
25
280
240
30
380
300
335
290
35
470
350
390
335
40
580
400
445
385
45
710
450
500
430
50
840
500
555
480
55
990
550
610
530
60
1150
600
665
575
65
1350
650
720
625
700
775
670
75
830
720
80
885
765
70
39
Intersection Sight Distance

1600
Index 546 and 90 AASHTO
Length of Sight Distance Leg Feet
1400
Florida Greenbook W = 50' - based

on Crossing Maneuver
1200
01 AASHTO - 2 Lane Intersection Left Turn Maneuver
1000
01 AASHTO - 2 Lane Intersection Right Turn & Crossing Maneuver
800
600
400
200
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Design Speed - mph
40
Chapter 10 Grade Separations and

Interchanges
z Places
more emphasis on design to

accommodate pedestrians and bicycles
at interchanges
z Includes expanded discussion of Single
Point Urban Interchanges (SPUIs)
z Increases emphasis on access
management on interchange
crossroads
41
Chapter 10 Grade Separations and

Interchanges
z Expands
discussion of superelevation
and cross slope within interchanges
z Addresses two-lane entrance ramps
42
AASHTO Policy on Geometric Design of

Highways and Streets 2001
z
Where to Get Copies:
AASHTO
P.O. Box 96716
Washington, DC 20090-6716
Phone 1-800-231-3475 Fax 1-800-525-5562
Online www.transportation.org
z
Not available from FDOT

43
AASHTO Policy on Geometric Design of

Highways and Streets 2001
z
Price as of June 20, 2002

BOOK ITEM NO. GDHS-4
Price per copy $102
AASHTO Members $80
CD-ROM ITEM NO. GDHS-4-CD

Price per copy $165
AASHTO Members $130
BOOK & CD-ROM ITEM NO. GDHS-4-COM

Price per copy $248
AASHTO Members $195
44
AASHTO Guidelines for Geometric Design of

Very Low-Volume Local Roads (ADT<400)
z
Price as of June 20, 2002

BOOK ITEM NO. VLVLR-1
Price per copy $35.00
AASHTO Members $30.00
NACE Members may purchase at AASHTO Member
price. (Must indicate membership when ordering.)
45
Florida Green Book - May 2002

z Adopted
by Rule Effective July 9, 2002
Includes new chapters on traffic calming and

residential street design
z Full
Document posted on the FDOT

Roadway Design Office Web Site
http://www11.myflorida.com/rddesign/
z Hardcopies
to be available in about 30
days.
46
QUESTIONS?
Jim Mills, P.E.

Roadway Design Office
605 Suwannee Street MS-32
Tallahassee, FL 32399-0450
850-414-4318 SC 994-4318
jim.mills@dot.state.fl.us
47

AASHTO Policy On Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 2001

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Доступные форматы

AASHTO Policy on Geometric

Design of Highways and Streets

FACERS Annual Conference - June 26-29, 2002

Adoption NHS Highways

March 14, 2002

will use this time to review and

Now on FDOT Projects

PPM & 94 AASHTO In Effect

2003 PPM will incorporate 01

by the AASHTO Task Force

x 11-in pages with soft cover

metric and U.S. customary

Metric first, followed by U.S. customary in

Separate exhibits for metric and U.S.

values are those that would be

Green Book based on latest

NCHRP 240 Toll Plazas

Chapter 1 Highway Functions

FACERS Annual Conference - June 26-29, 2002

Chapter 2 Design Controls and Criteria

Chapter 2 Design Controls and Criteria

design vehicle dimensions to

Chapter 2 Design Controls and Criteria

Revised Dimensions for Selected Design Vehicles

FACERS Annual Conference - June 26-29, 2002

Chapter 3 Elements of Design

Extends range of design speeds

Incorporates superelevation criteria and

Chapter 3 Elements of Design

Turning Roadway Widths

FACERS Annual Conference - June 26-29, 2002

Design Widths for Turning Roadways (feet)

Traveled Way Width

FACERS Annual Conference - June 26-29, 2002

Design Widths for Turning Roadways (feet)

Traveled Way Width

FACERS Annual Conference - June 26-29, 2002

Design Widths for Turning Roadways (feet)

Chapter 3 Elements of Design

Stopping Sight Distance Criteria revised based

FACERS Annual Conference - June 26-29, 2002

Chapter 3 Elements of Design

FDOT Plans Preparation Manual

FACERS Annual Conference - June 26-29, 2002

Stopping Sight Distance

Stopping Sight Distance - Feet

PPM New/Reconstr Arterials

Design Speed - mph

FACERS Annual Conference - June 26-29, 2002

Chapter 3 Elements of Design

Curve Design Criteria revised

driver eye height: 1,080 mm [3.5 ft], rather

Vertical Curve Design Criteria

FACERS Annual Conference - June 26-29, 2002

K Value - Crest Vertical Curves

New and Reconstr

K Value - Crest Vertical Curves

K-Value - Crest Vert Curves

PPM Freeways Interstate

Design Speed - mph

FACERS Annual Conference - June 26-29, 2002

K Value - Sag Vertical Curves

New and Reconstr