University of oil and gas

Oil and gas college

Chemical and refining department

Name of student: Mohammad

Ghanim Nasser
Name of experiment : distillation
Number of experiment : 2

Name of group : Mohammad Ghanim

Mohammad muder
Mohammad baker
Liath naime

Introduction :
Standard distillation determines the differential structure of
petroleum product and the results are usually recorded at a
low boil. And it is set to start boiling point (IBP) and final
boiling point (FBP) and percentages of the product (percent
recovered), such as the boiling point of 10% or the boiling
point of 20% and so on. And it relies on crude distillation
laboratory of molecular distillation of crude oil a way diet
(laboratory batch distillation).
And fractional distillation process are two main stages :
1- distillation conditions normal atmospheric pressure .
2- vacuum distillation conditions of pressure.

Distillation: The process of separating oil products and know initial

and final boiling point, In addition to knowing the extent of the purity of
the product and is free of impurities.
Initial boiling point: Is the degree thermometer registered at the
fall of the first drop of the steam condensate from the end of the tube
condensation.

Final boiling point: Is the highest temperature up to it by the

thermometer reading stabilizes and then begins to decline.

Dry point: Reading is indicated by the thermometer in a moment of

evaporation of the last drop of liquid left in the bottom of the
distillation a beaker and neglects any drop may be stuck on the wall of
the beaker or the thermometer when taking the reading because this is
a special class evaporate the last drop in the bottom of the a beaker
distillation only.

The purpose of experiment:

1- Know the initial boiling point (IBP) and the final boiling point
(FBP).
2- Filtering materials (check the purity of substance).
3- Know substance through knowing boiling point.
4- Drawing the true boiling point from volumetric percentage
and the corresponding real boiling temperatures.
5- For the distillation of crude oil can be obtained Distillates
-oil light, medium, and heavy, addition to the oil residue after
distillation.
6- Control over the process productivity.

Devices and Material Used :

1- flask distillation (125 ml).
2- 100 Graduated Cylinder.
3- Condenser bath .
4- Electric heater .
5- Thermometer .
6- Holder with iron Porte.

Work procedure :
1- fill the bath condensation in cold water with ice so that the
temperature () or by the group that belongs Product.
2- Measured (100ml) of the form by graduated cylinder and
turned the contents of the cylinder to the distillation flask
while avoiding spillage of model through the steam tube,
Prove thermometer in with stopper court are either made of
silicon rubber or cork so as not to allow vapors leaking from
these slots, and prove distillation flask so that the steam tube
is placed to a distance of 25-50 mm inside the condenser tube
so that the distillation flask bottom in the middle of the
thermal source.
3- Graduated cylinder placed under the lower end tube
condensation on the internal surface that comes into contact
with the end of tube condenser.
4- Heated flask and its contents so as not to exceed the time
between the start of the heating and initial boiling point (5-10
min) any fall of the first drop of liquid condensate since the
start of the heating.
5- If the initial temperature of boiling less than (100 C) and
after noticing the fall of the first drop directly heating and
continue to regulate the temperature being so at a rate of
distillation (4-5 mm) per minute, while for boiling over (100C)
The rate of distillation ( 5-10 mm) in a minute and then
recorded temperature for each (10 ml) accumulate in the
cylinder.

6- Recorded the final boiling point: the highest temperature up

her thermometer reading stabilizes and then begins to
decline.
7- Distillation continues until the dry for the models to be
testing her degree distillation to the point of dry, where the
thermometer reads this degree is recorded when the
evaporation of the last drop in flask.
8- Measured by the size of the liquid condensate in the
cylinder and registers as a liquid condensate and the
remaining liquid in the flask distillation allow to cool and
measured to record as the residual liquid volume.
9- It raises the total liquid condensate size and the size of the
residual liquid from the sample size (total liquid) (100 ml) to
obtain the size of the fluid lost during distillation.

Calculation :
LIQUID VOLUME LOSSES=TOTAL LIQUID VOLUME VOLUME OF
DISTILATE LIQUID +VOLUME OF LIQUID RESIDUE
LIQUID VOLUME LOSSES = 100 - 98 + 1.1 = 3.1

Discussion:
1- What is the benefit of the distillation curve?
The benefits can be curved distillation inclusion as follows :
A - know the identity material by knowing the boiling point .
B - purification material and see how the purity of the product
C - control over the production process in the distillation unit
2- What is a distillation curve represents?
Distillation curve represents an ideal way of knowing initial
boiling point and final boiling point for crude oil products. A
distillation curve draws between temperature and the amount
of product per 10 ml of the compound that distillate in the
task