Imrananwar_112ntu@yahoo.

com

NATIONAL TEXTILE
UNIVERSITY
FAISALABAD

PAKISTAN
 INTRODUCTION

Regenerated Cellulose Fiber.
Made from 100% Bamboo through high-tech process.
Natural Antibacterial
Eco- friendly & green
Soft hand feel and Shiny appearance
High moisture regain ( i.e. 13.03%)
 Why Bamboo?
and can shoot up a yard or
The fastest growing grass
more a day.
Bamboo grows rapidly and naturally without any
pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers.
Growing bamboo improves soil quality and helps rebuild
eroded soil.
Bamboo plants absorb about 5 times the amount of
carbon dioxide (a primary greenhouse gas) and produces
about 35% more oxygen than an equivalent stand of
trees.
 Why Bamboo?

Bamboo fabric has a natural sheen and softness that feels
and drapes like silk but is less expensive and more
durable
Bamboo clothing is easy to launder
Bamboo is naturally anti-bacterial and anti-fungal
Bamboo is highly absorbent and wicks water away from
the body. In warm, humid and sweaty weather, bamboo
clothing helps keep the wearer drier, cooler and more
comfortable and doesnt stick to the skin
 Production Flow Chart

Bamboo tree---cutting into bamboo sheet---
(hydrolyzing --- stewing --- Bleaching)---pulp ---
(saturate) ---Cellulose--- (dissolving---spinning---
Cutting) --- after treatment (washing--- oil
adding---drying-)---bamboo fiber---Packing
Production Flow

 MANUFACTURING

There are two ways to process bamboo to make the plant
into a fiber

Mechanically
Chemically
 Mechanical
Manufacturing

Crushing the woody parts of the bamboo plant
Using natural enzymes to break the bamboo walls into a
mushy mass
Then natural fibers can be mechanically combed out and
spun into yarn
 Mechanical
Manufacturing

Eco-friendly manufacturing process
Bamboo fabric made from this process is sometimes
called bamboo linen
It is more labor intensive and costly
Chemical Manufacturing

The general process for chemically manufacturing
bamboo fiber using hydrolysis alkalization with multi-
phase bleaching technology which is the dominate
technology for producing regenerated bamboo fiber
Chemical Manufacturing
Steps

Bamboo leaves and the soft, inner pith from the hard
bamboo trunk are extracted and crushed
 Chemical Manufacturing
Steps

The crushed bamboo cellulose is soaked in a solution of
15% to 20% sodium hydroxide at a temperature between
20 degrees C to 25 degrees C for one to three hours to
form alkali cellulose
 Chemical Manufacturing
Steps

The bamboo alkali cellulose is then pressed to remove
any excess sodium hydroxide solution. The alkali cellulose
is crashed by a grinder and left to dry for 24 hours
 Chemical Manufacturing
Steps

Roughly a third as much carbon disulfide is added to the
bamboo alkali cellulose to sulfurize the compound
causing it to gel
Chemical Manufacturing
Steps

Any remaining carbon disulfide is removed by
evaporation due to decompression and cellulose sodium
xanthogenate is the result
 Chemical Manufacturing
Steps

A diluted solution of sodium hydroxide is added to the
cellulose sodium xanthogenate dissolving it to create a
viscose solution consisting of about 5% sodium hydroxide
and 7% to 15% bamboo fiber cellulose
 Chemical Manufacturing
Steps

The viscose bamboo cellulose is forced through
spinneret nozzles into a large container of a
diluted sulfuric acid solution which hardens the
viscose bamboo cellulose sodium xanthogenate
and reconverts it to cellulose bamboo fiber
threads which are spun into bamboo fiber yarns
to be woven into reconstructed and regenerated
bamboo fabric
 Chemical Manufacturing
Steps

Chemically manufactured bamboo fiber is a regenerated
cellulose fiber similar to rayon or modal.
Chemically manufactured bamboo is sometimes called
bamboo rayon
 Pretreatment and Dyeing

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS:

Sensitive to both alkali and acid, so volume of alkali in

pretreatment must be noticed.
Lower wet tensile strength; so negative tension during
dyeing and pre treatment must be lower adopted.
Only recommended reactive dyestuff must be used in
dyeing.
 General Principles in pretreatment and dyeing

SINGEING : moderate condition to avoid damaging of
bamboo fiber
DE-SIZING: Enzyme de -sizing rate should be high over
80%.
SCOURING: pure bamboo normally need no scouring,
sometimes wash it with a little alkali (i.e. not exceed
10g/l)
 General Principles in pretreatment and dyeing

BLEACHING: the processing should be made in terms
of the specification and thickness of fabrics.
MERCERIZING: the fabrics of bamboo fibers normally
should not need mercerized due to their sound luster
and bad anti -alkaline properties. However, some
cases are found in order to increase their absorbance
capacity to dyestuff.
DYEING : Ideally use active dyestuffs during dying
process - alkali should not be over 20g/liter,
temperature should not be over 100C. During drying
process, low temperature and light tension are
applied.
 Dyeing

Dyeing of 100% Bamboo Fabric

As cotton and bamboo are both cellulosic fiber ,same

chemical structure so all the dyestuff which is
suitable for cotton can be use to dye bamboo
 Dyeing

Dyeing of BAMBOO/Cotton Fabric:
Compared with cotton fiber, bamboo fiber
belongs to multi holed textured fiber thus having
bit lower dyeing degree and slow dye taking up
speed then cotton.
This cause double colour in dyeing of
bamboo/cotton blend fabric.
So right dyestuff should be selected which
has similar absorbance and similar fixation
temprature/time to both cotton and bamboo.
 Recommended formula

Reactive Dye: 0.5%
Glauber ('s )salt: 20g/L
Dyeing additives: 2g/L
K2CO3 10g/L (PH=9) or use Enzyme
Recommended conditions

Dyeing Curve

 Dyestuff

Cibacron Yellow FN-2R
Cibacron Red FN-R
Cibacron Blue FN-R
Cibacrone Marine W-B
Cibacrone Black W-NN BC
 Dyeing

Color Fixation Rate:

Color Fastness:
 General Principles in after
treatments
Softner : hydrophilic type

Whitener: same as whitener for cotton fabric
Heat - set Temperature :
The best heat - set temperature for bamboo fiber is 110~120C. Or for a
very short time under 160C temperature. And the washing temperature
is 40~60C
 Products

Towel and Bathrobe : 30%
Socks: 20%
knitted clothes( sweater, T-shirts and underwear): 15%
Bed sheet or bed cover: 10%-15%
Weaving clothes: 8%
Others: 9%-12
Products