CALCULATION

For after construction is finished, the site will turned to commercial place.
Calculation (after construction):

Qpeak=

CiA
360

DETAILS:
C=0.90, i=100m/h (duration for 30 minutes),
A= 37.07 acers
1 acers= 0.405 hectare (ha)
A=37.07 x 0.405 = 15.01335 acers
Qpeak=

( 0.90 ) (100)(15.01335)
360

= 3.75 m3/s

SUGGESTED DESIGN:

Shape : Trapezoidal shape

Lining : Concrete (rough finish)
Base : 0.8 m (since width cannot exceed 1m)
z: 0.5
Angle : 63.43
S0 : 0.005m

To design the shape and calculate the normal depth, we assume the Qpeak to be larger than
3.75 m3/s, which is 4 m3/s.

SELECTION OF S0
S0 = 0.005 m
x
=0.005 m
1000

x = 5 m for every 1000 m drop.

Gradient = 5
Gradient =

y0 y1
x0 x 1

Tan = 5
Tan-1 (5) =
= 78.69
The water is able to flow since the angle is greater than 10.

CALCULATING NORMAL DEPTH

1+ z 2

A = By0 + zy02

P = B +2y0

A= 0.8y0 + 0.5y02

P = 0.8 + 2y0
P = 0.8 +

1+(0.5)2

5 y0

A
R= P

R=

0.8 y + 0.5 y
0.8+ 5 y

By using Mannings equation:

2

1
A R 3 S0
n

Q=

A R

2
3

Qn
S0
2

0.8 y+ 0.5 y
(0.8y0 + 0.5y02) ( 0.8+ 5 y )
2

( 4 )(0.018)
0.005

(0.8 y 0 +0.5 y 0) 3
2
2 3
0

(0.8 y 0 + 5 y )

= 1.018

By using trial and error method:

y0

Qn
S0

1
2
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.18
1.19
1.1905

0.7385
2.7915
1.5790
1.3827
1.0332
0.8790
1.001
1.017
1.018

Thus, y 1.1905 1.191 m.

Thus, the height of design must exceed 1.191m.

BEFORE AND DURING CONSTRUCTION

We assumed the construction site is a forest cover, based on our observation on the topographical
map.
n = 0.30

By using Mannings equation:

2

Q=

1
A R 3 S0
n

(1.2)2
2
( 0.8 ) ( 1.2 )+ ( 0.5 ) (1.2 )
( 0.80 ) ( 1.2 )+(0.5)[
]
(
)
( 1.2 )
0.8+

5
Q=

0.30
Q=

1
( 1.68 ) 0.615 0.005
0.30

Q = 0.243 m3/s

Qbefore Qdesign

Thus, this channel will able to carry both flow, before and after construction. There will be no
spillways occur at the drain.

Assuming the discharge is 4m3/s;

y0 = 1.19m

FIND CRITICAL DEPTH

Ac = Byc + zyc2
Ac = 0.8yc + 0.5yc2

Tc = B + 2yz
Tc = 0.8 + (2)(0.5)z
Tc = 0.8 + yc

Using formula,
(0.8 y c + 0.5 y 2c )3
(0.8+ y c )

A 3c Q 2
=
Tc g

42
9.81

= 1.631

Q2
g

yc
1
1.1
1.08
1.084

1.221
1.724
1.612
1.634

yc 1.084 m

CALCULATION TO FIND E0 and Emin

E0 =

Q2
y0+
2
2gA
Q = 4m3/s

y0 = 1.19 m
A= By0 + zy02
A = (0.8)(1.19) + (0.5)(1.19)2
A=1.6605 m2

4
E0 = 1.19+ (2)(9.81)(1.6605)2

= 1.48576 m

Emin =

yc+

Q
2
2 g Ac
Q = 4 m3/s

yc = 1.084 m
A= Byc + zyc2
A = (0.8)(1.084) + (0.5)(1.084)2
A=1.4547 m2
2

4
Emin = 1.084+ (2)(9.81)(1.4547)2

= 1.4694 m

Assuming H is 50% from the height of the drain :

H = (0.5)(1.2) = 0.6m
Hmin = E0 - Emin
= 1.48576 1.4694
= 0.0164 m
H Hmin = 0.6 0.016
y0 yc = 1.19 1.084

Backflow of water will happen

The sediment must not exceed 0.0164m or else backflow of water will happen.

CALCULATION OF y1 and y2
H + Emin = E1,3
E1,3 = 1.4694 + 0.6
= 2.0694m

E1,3 =

Q
y 1,3 +
2
2 g A1,3

2.6094 =

y 1,3 +

4
2 2
(2)(9.81)( 0.8 y 1,3+ 0.5 y 1,3)

By using trial and error method:

For y3 :
y3
1.0
2.0
2.1
2.01
2.008

E3
1.483
2.063
2.154
2.072
2.070

y1
0.5
0.6
0.67
0.68
0.676
0.673

E1
3.459
2.472
2.080
2.037
2.054
2.070

y3 2.008 m

For y1:

y1 0.673 m

ESTIMATION OF COST
Assuming the length of the channel is 200m, the excavation cost is RM 4/m3 and lining cost is
RM5/m2.
Volume of excavation = Area channel x Length
= 1.68 m2 x 200
= 336 m3
Cost excavation = 336 x RM4 = RM1344

Area of lining = Perimeter channel x Length

= (0.5 + 0.8 + 0.5 + 0.8 + 2(1.581)) x (200)
= 1152.4 m2
Cost lining = 1152.4 x RM5 = RM 5762

Total cost = RM 1344 + RM 5762 = RM7106

JUSTIFICATION OF DESIGN
Q=AV
Q= 4m3/s, A=1.66m2
V=2.41m/s

For recommended limit velocity, since we are using hard lined channel, the limit velocity is
4m/s

Vdesign<Vrecommended limit
Thus, the flow in the channel does not exceed the recommended limit.