LPile

Pile Lateral Load Analysis Using Finite Difference Method

LatPile Function
Pile bending moments, forces and deflection due to lateral loads using a finite difference analysis
=LatPile(Segments, Loads, Support Stiffness, EI)

Input:
Segments
Loads
Soil stiffness
EI

2 column range listing pile length and number of segments

3 row range listing applied loads at head of pile: Shear Force, Bending Moment, Axial Load
Single column range listing soil stiffness (kN/m/m length) at each pile node
Single column range listing pile section stiffness (EI) at each pile node
Note: If the ranges specified for Soil-stiffness and EI have fewer rows than the number of nodes
then the last provided value is applied to nodes to the bottom of the pile

Sign Convention

Assuming a vertical pile, with nodes listed from top to bottom:

Deflections and loads are positive from left to right
Positive bending moments cause compression in the right side of the pile

Output:
Output is a 4 column array, enter as an array function:
To enter an array function:
Enter the function in the top left cell of the output range
Select the entire output range
Press F2
Press Ctrl-shift-enter
Column 1
Node Position from top
Column 2
Deflection
Column 3
Bending Moment
Column 4
Shear force

Example 1: 20 m pile in a uniform soil

Layers
Length
Subdivisions
Type
20
20 Shear
Moment
Axial

Soil Stiffness, kN/m/m

2500
2500
2500
2500
2500

Loads
kN
100
100
1000

104166.66667

0.0052083333

Pile EI
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7

X
#VALUE!
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#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

Page 1

Deflection
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

Moment
Shear Force
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

LPile

2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500

104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7

#VALUE!
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Example 2: Soil stiffness increasing with depth, pile cracking moment 60 kNm
Layers
Loads
Length
Subdivisions
Type
kN
20
40 Shear
100
Moment
100
Axial
1000

Soil Stiffness, kN/m/m

500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3250
3500
3750
4000
4250

Pile EI
20833.3
20833.3
20833.3
20833.3
20833.3
20833.3
20833.3
20833.3
20833.3
20833.3
20833.3
20833.3
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7

X
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Page 2

Deflection
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

Moment
Shear Force
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
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LPile

4500
4750
5000
5250
5500
5750
6000
6250
6500
6750
7000
7250
7500
7750
8000
8250
8500
8750
9000
9250
9500
9750
10000
10250
10500

104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7
104166.7

#VALUE!
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Page 3

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LPile

Moment, Axial Load

an the number of nodes

Bending Moment
12.00
10.00
Page 4

8.00

Bending Moment
LPile

12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.000

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

Bending Moment
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.0

5.0

10.0
15.0
Page 5

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.

4.00
LPile

2.00
0.00
0.0

5.0

10.0

Page 6

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.

LPile

Shear Force
12.00
10.00
Page 7

8.00

Shear Force
LPile

12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00

60.000

-60.0

-40.0

-20.0

0.00
0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

Shear Force
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00

35.0

40.0

45.0

0.00
0.0

5.0

10.0
Page 8

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45

4.00
LPile

2.00

35.0

40.0

45.0

0.00
0.0

5.0

10.0

Page 9

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45

LPile

Deflection
0.00E+00
12.00

5.00E+00

10.00

8.00

Page 10

1.00E+01

1.50E+01

2.00E+01

0.00E+00
12.00

5.00E+00

1.00E+01

1.50E+01

2.00E+01

LPile

10.00

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

100.0

0.00

120.0

Deflection
0.00E+00
12.00

1.00E+01

10.00

8.00
y

Deflection

6.00

4.00

2.00

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

0.00
Page 11

2.00E+01

3.00E+01

4.00E+01

4.00
LPile

2.00

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

0.00

Page 12

E+01

LPile

2.00E+01

2.50E+01

Page 13

E+01

01

2.00E+01

2.50E+01
LPile

4.00E+01

5.00E+01

Page 14

LPile

Page 15

Finite Difference Equations:

Row -2
Row -1
Row n
Row N+1
Row N + 2
Where:

Y(-2) * EI(0) / 2L^3 - Y(-1) * (EI(0) / L^3 + Ax / 2L) + Y(1) * (EI(0) / L^3 + Ax / 2L) - Y(2) * EI(0) / 2L^3 = F
Y(-1) * EI(0) / L^2 - 2Y(0) * EI(0) / L^2 + Y(1) * EI(0) / L^2 = M
Y(n-2) * EI(n-1) + Y(n-1) * (-2*EI(n-1) - 2*EI(n) + Ax / L^2) + Y(n) * (EI(n-1) + 4*EI(n) + EI(n+1)
- 2*Ax / L^2 + K(n)L^4) Y(n+1) * (-2*EI(n) -2*EI(n+1) +Ax/L^2) + Y(n+2) * EI(n+1) = 0
Y(N-1) - 2*Y(N) + Y(N+1) = 0
Y(N-2) - Y(N-1) * (2 - Ax*L^2 / EI(N)) + Y(N+1) * (2 - Ax*L^2 / EI(N)) + Y(N+2) = 0

Pile nodes are numbered from 0 to N from top to bottom

Nodes: -2, -1, N+1 and N+2 are virtual nodes to control end conditions
Y(n), EI(n), K(n), Ax(n) are Pile lateral deflection, Section stiffness, Soil stiffness, and Axial Load respectivly, a
F and M are the applied horizontal force and bending moment at the pile head

The system of simultaneous equations is solved to find the pile deflections, Y(-2) to Y(N+2). The pile actions are then given
Moment
M(n) = EI(n) * (Y(n-1) - 2*Y(n) + Y(n+1))
Shear
((M(n+1) - M(n-1)) / 2L
=$C22+4*$C23+$C24+$B23*
K
6.36E-03
3.20E+07
2.04E+05
1.95E+00

2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500

EI
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05
1.04E+05

Ax

1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000

SL_2
SL_3
SL_4

SL_1 n
Finite Difference Matrix
1
-2 52083.333333 -1.04E+05
-1
0 1.04E+05
0
1.04E+05 -4.16E+05
1
0 1.04E+05
2
0
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
6
0
0
7
0
0
8
0
0
9
0
0
10
0
0
11
0
0
12
0
0
13
0
0
14
0
0
15
0
0
16
0
0
17
0
0
18
0
0
19
0
0
20
0
0
21
0
0
22
0
0
Inverted Matrix
1
-0.0003429 0.00015241
1
-0.000292381 0.00010372
1
-0.000228906 6.347E-005
-0.000165432 3.283E-005
-0.00010942 1.132E-005
-6.4290E-005 -2.40E-006
-3.0734E-005 -1.00E-005
-7.7865E-006 -1.32E-005
0.000006356 -1.35E-005
1.37683E-005 -1.21E-005

0
###
###
###
###
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

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###
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###
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

### 0
0 0
### 0
### ###
### ###
### ###
### ###
0 ###
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

0
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1.64376E-005
0.000016066
1.39904E-005
1.11784E-005
0.000008269
5.63367E-006
0.000003443
1.72791E-006
4.32318E-007
-5.4549E-007
-1.3206E-006
-0.000001997
-2.6478E-006
-3.2987E-006
-3.9115E-006

-9.88E-006
-7.43E-006
-5.15E-006
-3.23E-006
-1.75E-006
-6.84E-007
1.490E-008
4.291E-007
6.388E-007
7.160E-007
7.189E-007
6.890E-007
6.509E-007
6.127E-007
5.672E-007

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2) * EI(0) / 2L^3 = F

Axial Load respectivly, at Node n

ile actions are then given by:

2+4*$C23+$C24+$B23*SL_4-2*$D23*SL_2

0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
### 0
### ###
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0 ###
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
### 0 0
### ### 0
### ### ###
### ### ###
### ### ###
0 ### ###
0 0 ###
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0

0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
### 0 0 0
### ### 0 0
### ### ### 0
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
0 ### ### ###
0 0 ### ###
0 0 0 ###
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
### 0 0
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0 0 ###
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0

0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
### 0 0 0
### ### 0 0
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0 0 ### ###
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 ###

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
### 0 0
### ### 0
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### 1 0
0 ### -1

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0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0
0

0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0
0
0
0

-100
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

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### ### 0 0
### ### 0 0
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### 0 0
### 0 -1
### -1 -1
### -1 -1
### -1 -1
### -1 -1
### -1 0
### -1 0.4
### -1 2
### 0 3
### 1 6
### 3 9
0 7 12
0 11 15
0 16 18

### ###
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Moment

100.0
172.9
194.5
184.1
156.4
122.1
88.0
58.0
33.9
16.0
3.9
-3.5
-7.2
-8.4
-7.9
-6.5
-4.7
-2.9
-1.4
-0.4
0.0

Deflection
0.049531
0.03961
0.029238
0.019826
0.012074
0.006189
0.002071
-0.000545
-0.001989
-0.002588

Shear

100.0
47.3
5.6
-19.0
-31.0
-34.2
-32.1
-27.1
-21.0
-15.0
-9.8
-5.6
-2.5
-0.3
1.0
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.3
0.7
0.2

Difference from Lpile Output

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-0.002631
-0.002349
-0.001914
-0.001441
-0.001002
-0.000632
-0.000343
-0.00013
2.1E-005
0.000126
0.000204
0.000269
0.00033
0.000391
0.000448
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6.46E-05
6.13E-05
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5.67E-05
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12
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Disclaimer
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
A copy of the GNU General Public License may be obtained from:
The Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

dougjenkins@interactiveds.com.au
www.interactiveds.com.au
http://newtonexcelbach.wordpress.com/

Copyright 2009, 2016 Interactive Design Services Pty Ltd. all rights reserved

Revision History
Current Version
Rev

Date
1.00
1.01

1.01 1-Jul-16
By

### DAJ
1-Jul-16 DAJ

Description
First release
First release corrections to stiffness matrix for segment length <> 1.0

s reserved

segment length <> 1.0 See LatPilePY for latest version