CURSOS DE IDIOMAS BUSIN LISH Celle ENS INTERATIVO PROGRAMADO Pieter nna ae i) fool-Fo)BUSINESS ENGLISH ©BUSINESS ENGLISH PLANO GERAL DA OBRA BUSINESS ENGLISH 6 una ob puveada em 30.0 lunes semanas de 64 paginas. Tea eicdo conti 2 unde do ects (Unt de 24 pias cad ne ‘Satamentesogades de un Cader de Errcicion de B pigews covespendente #05 temas abordodos na dpa niece AS FITAS (0s prinpais diego e exosdoscrtvesapesena dos ros faseuoe eo reproduados om 15 tar cot "se qe acompannam as espe Se duas em aos femanas (com 08 fosckulos 1, 3.5, 7 assim por hart, ate otal da cole, (Coda abrange2 vous reatvos nid © curso BUSINESS ENGLISH & ur curs eaorodo go expe ‘als pra ater sstancanene 3 eats de WES tii lerentes de comecranto da baque ings, val 1 racaso para pessoas com connec ‘montos eomentres [Pela 2. Aces 2 pess0u8 com rive médio Mv. Incicado para pessoas ue mina ee do ascieuoaprsartam una sna ‘Smart tet severe, Asam, a ede pra ol 10 morcasas com 1 asersco "para o nel 2 Zasorsos (*"; 0 pra o rive 3, 3 atenscee 7") Incolmenteierefque seu iv", *" 04 °°") oe {cord com ograu de conhecinero ue vce ton a ngun igs, 0 iga apenas 35 des dss rive! 6 in do curso, Serio posse para one sequit ‘Aone [fl] que apare0e no inicio das ligbes, 8 ‘marge dn gina, cen ae 0 eso deseo ou © ‘ogo ests terrane rproduido af cael ‘COMO ACOMPANHAR 0 CURSO Fara ob 0 maximo sprovetaments, exude 8 Un dado fas o eerie de comproanidopropostes ‘no fn! das Sestes. Depos conta as reposts na ‘hima pigina de cada unde, {Em sogudntara ox exrcicos 60 Cadero do Exe ‘cos covresponcene&undadeestdada e veriique {a5 respostas ros dubs Utimaspgras do prio Ca oro. Sever qulaver dvd, vot unadeo oa Senois de dominar bem 0 conteGdo & unidade & 0s exerios do Cader, ousa afta, exomparhan- {9 0 tonto palo volume Para acta seu agrerzado, voc conta com os saguirtes apes nas unides: 110 toma cent! do cada txt et esumido numa breve ase toate (Subject. 2. As oxprestos do inguage covert de el com broensio sto vadundas em nota de dept 51 As exgresides comune 90 mundo dos nage so ‘qu aporcer ro fal doe esate {1'Na penultins pagina de ean unade hum lot ‘rio das palavas rates mais wads ra obs, 00 feviqucer sau voratulsno. NUMEROS aTRASADOS 2 eave love mantém suas publcagbes om aso due a sis meses ands se recomimento. AS publ Cantos stasade 0 verde polo propo da ima ‘lo em banca), Eeealha one ae ope abate 1. NAS BANCAS Airis do jrnalero ou ditbuidor Chinapia de sua onde 2. PESSOALMENTE Desjse aos andeecos bai: Sto Paulo Pea Aledo Iso, 18 - Cont -Fenes (011) 226-1881 « 229-9827, Fo de Jana: Ru Teodoro da Siva, 821 - Gap Fores: (0211 677-4226 @ 577-2355, 1. POR CARTA, Deetamante &Edtora Globo, stor de Nomeros Ata dos: Cove Post! 289, CEP 05486-020, Alpnavie Bonen, $P © 1990 by Ector Paneta De Agostn S.A, Baer ona, Eeponha {© 1995 by Edtora Globo pa angus pontguse em teri6to bas, CooicenacSoesizato do crs erga SaryKerch Assossora: Kite A. Olson Céiaborasores” John Beate, Isabel Kench, Ron Round, Alin White, Iteationa Language Skis or easiness Realzag: R.A, Proyectos Edtoles SA Todos os dietosresewades. Nerhua pare desta publeasto poce ser rapoduda, armazenaca em ‘Comovtador ou tarsi de quai forma sot fa, ravaea0 ou outos sem a perms exes @ Impress: coment nee Sey Soe aire Gabo S.A ua do Curtin, 665, CEP 05065.001, Sto Paw Tele 011) 81574, SP, Bast Disnbudorexcusvo nar todo 0 Basi Fernando Chnagio Dstnbudore 5 A us Teodora ds Siva, 907, CEP 2086900, Ro 92 dane, FU ISON (3 coleedo)~85.250.1153.3, ‘CONSELHO DE. ‘AOMINISTRAGAO Robaro lina Marino Jodo Roberto Maro “owe Roberto Marino Fardo A Fischer DiReTORA ardo R Fcher Ferando & Costa Fi Boros Pie ose Anton Soler ‘ont Marques DIvisAo bE FASCICULOS E LIVROS DBistor Flo Bares Pto dito: Sandra F. Expt otra exscutva) ‘Antol dos Sontos Montoro (eStor doar), Eder de Siva (essstnta de eda¢80) Colsboradors Heo Veloso Iroduese! Morkating: Heitor de Sour Pato (rear) Coros W.6. Orummond (erent de martin, Essabte Garcia Blanc lanl, Danio Borges geen de grodurdol, ta SR. Arie (coorCenadoa) Dietor da Cxculagbe: Worse: Aico Medes ‘¢ Marketing Dito: Wison Paschal J Dietor de Servigos ao Ch Dietor de Aasinaturs: Una Romero [Assossoria do Comuniea ur Costa Santos itor Servi de Apoio Etat Artono Care Marques igeverte)PRESENTING A MULTINATIONAL COMPANY Contents Unit 01 A Corporate Business. 0 Introduction. Presenting the multinational company that will appear in each unit of the section ‘A Corporate Business’ 0 Fresh Frozen Foods Pic: The Beginning, The foundation of the Company in 1904 and its development up to 1932. © Dialogue: A Plan for Expansion. Discussing the possibilty of building a new factory. ™ Business Executives. 1 An Executive Writes. Letters requesting catalogues, price lists and brochures_etc. © An Executive Travels. Travelling by air. @ Business Matters. (D Some Questions and Answers about... Bank Accounts (1). Opening a bank account. 1 Numbers (1). Telephone dialogue on currency exchange rates. ™@ Business News. © From an Article in ‘The Economist’. The business property market in Madrid. The Use of English in Business. O The Determiners (1). The correct use of the articles and pronouns: a, an, one and ones, some and any, and the. © Glossary of the Key Business Words and Phrases Used. © Answers.A CORPORATE BUSINESS Introduction > ‘Subject: Presenting the multinational company that will appear in each unit of the section ‘A Corporate Business’, In each of the sixty fascicles of BUSINESS ENGLISH there will be a chapter describing the progress of the multinational company FRESH FROZEN FOODS Pic. itis a large, powerful, dynamic and still expanding company based in the UK and with no fewer than fifteen overseas subsidiaries. The main products of the Company are frozen and canned fish, meat, fruit and vegetables. We shall see the parent and subsidiary companies in the course of their daily work. We shall meet their top executives, office staff and factory personnel. We shall see how they deal with problems like insufficient staff in one of the departments or the delivery of an urgent order; how they face up to crises caused by bad harvests, strikes and new laws, regulations and restrictions that affect their business. We shall see how they react to a flu epidemic in one of their factories, how they launch a new product, how they advertise, buy raw materials, negotiate bank loans, settle wage claims, organise a stand at an international fair and even how they obtain’ new factory and office premises. Like all big companies, especially multinational companies, FRESH FROZEN FOODS wants to get even bigger’, We shall see how it does this. We shall see this and a lot more as in one chapter? after another we follow the daily progress of FRESH FROZEN FOODS Plc., the ‘TRIPLE F' Company. "even how they obtain até como eles obt6m *to get even bigger aumentar ainda mais chapter eaptuoFresh Frozen Foods Plc. The Beginning Subject: The foundation of the Company in 1904 and its development up to 19324. ‘A Small Business William Henry Bryant could hardly have imagined that the small fruit-bottling business that he started in 1904 would one day be a multinational company with no fewer than® fifteen overseas subsidiaries and an annual turnover of £1,400,000,000. It all began in the year 1904, which was an exceptionally good year for fruit production in the UK. It was not a good year for the fruit growers, however’, because the supply by far exceeded” the demand and as a result vast quantities of fruit were left to rot® on the trees. Bryant's wife Margaret took advantage of this abundance of cheap fruit and began to bottle for the winter much more than she usually bottled, This gave Bryant an idea. He, too, would take advantage? of this abundance of cheap fruit. He, too, would bottle it, But he would bottle it in large quantities; and he would bottle it to sell. Investing all his savings in a small fruit-bottling business, Bryant bought very cheaply a large quantity of fresh fruit and botled it. That winter Bryant sold all the fruit that he had bottled. The following year he doubled his production and sold that, too. He now needed bigger premises; but for this he needed capital. In those days, at the beginning of the twentieth century, it was not as easy as it is today to go to the bank and ask for'? a loan to finance a business, even a small fruit-bottling business. So Bryant spoke to his family. He spoke with enthusiasm and conviction. He convinced them that here was an opportunity that must not be missed"’. The result was that in 1906, with his brother Edward, his brother-in-law Frederick and his Uncle George he founded a small private company. WH. BRYANT & CO. grew and prospered and by the year 1909 had a fruil-botlling factory employing no fewer than fifty people’? A Small Company Expands Although’? the Company had grown a lot since its foundation, the market for bottled fruit was not expanding; on the contrary, the demand was for canned fruit, not botled fruit, As Bryant did not want to put all his eggs in one basket, he began to look for"* another business. In 1910 he bought a small fish-canning business in Grimsby. The owner's had died and his son was having financial problems and the bank would not give him a loan, so he decided to sell. Bryant left his brother Edward in charge of the fruit-bottling factory and went to manage the fish-canning factory. “up to 1932 até 1932 ask for no fewer than ‘nadie menos que "must not be missed “however ‘entretanto, contudo “fifty people "by far exceeded excadia bastante although *to rot apodecer ‘look for “would take advantage aprovetter-se-ia the owner pedir imperafvel cinguenta pessoas embora procurar (dono, 0 proprietérioA CORPORATE BUSINESS Bryant wanted to learn something about canning food and having a fish-canning factory gave him a good opportunity. He was already thinking of converting the fruit-bottling company into a fruit-canning company. Once again Bryant prospered and production at the Grimsby factory increased considerably. In 1912 Bryant's brother Edward went to manage the Grimsby factory and Bryant returned to the fruit-bottling factory to begin its conversion to canning. He completed the conversion in 1913. Thal same year he heard'® that there was a meat-canning factory for sale in Perth, Scotland. The Scottish company was losing money and the banks refused to help’? with a loan without security. In addition, the manager was new, had very litle experience in the food-canning industry and was not popular with the workers. Once agail Bryant was able to buy a good business cheaply. Leaving his very efficient assistant Tom Turner to manage the fruit-canning factory, he went up to Scotland. When the 1914-18 War broke out'®, the Perth Tinned Meat Co. was making a profit again. Growth in Wartime The First World War had a Iremendous influence on the development of Bryant’s three companies. Enemy warships® were very active in the seas around Britain and it was more dificult to import food. Suddenly all companies connected with food production were of vital importance to the nation. Bryant ‘was canning fruit in one of his factories, fish in another and meat in another. He now received considerable financial help from the government to increase production in all three. PERTH TINNED BEEF ‘THE FACTORIES OF WH. BRYANT & CO. IN 1932 Factory situated in a beef cate area GRIMSBY FISH CANNERS Factory situated in the prosperous fshing ort of Grimsby WH, BRYANT & CO. Projected factory in the Vale of Evesham, a rich fruit and vegetable ‘rowing area WH. BRYANT & CO. Fruttcaning factory situated in the heart of the fit-growing county of KentProduction increased gradually at first, but then it began to soar. They needed more workers in all three factories. By the end of the War the number of employees in the three factories had not doubled or trebled, it has quadrupled. There was an inevitable fall in production after the War. There was a crisis in industry. There was mass unemployment and many factories closed down. This post-war slump did not affect food factories as much as it affected others because there is always a demand for food. People must eat in peacetime as well as in wartime’. For the Bryant companies this was a period of consolidation; but in 1932 the time had arrived for expansion and the opening ofa large modern factory in the Vale of Evesham. WH. BRYANT & CO. GRIMSBY FISH CANNERS PERTH TINNED BEEF YEARS POST WAR SLUMP im 1 % 0 % % ” © % “ x 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2990 31 82 [ANNUAL 96 INCREASES/DECREASES BASED ON 1913 PRODUCTION FIGURES: === FRUT CANNING ——FISH CANNING _— MEAT CANNING he heard fe ouviu, ficou sabendo ¥ refused to help negaram-se a ajudar “once again mais uma vez “war broke out eclodiu @ guerra warships navies de guerra ® peacetime and wartime tempo de paz e tempo de guerraA CORPORATE BUSINESS Text Comprehension ‘Answer the following questions: 1. Did William Henry Bryant start his fruit-bottling business in 1899, 1904 or 1925? 2. Was 1904 a bad or an exceptionally good year for fruit production in the UK? 3. Did the demand for fruit in 1904 exceed the supply or did the supply ex- ceed the demand? 4, Was the fruit that year dear or was it very cheap? 5. Did Bryant invest all of his savings in the business or anly some of them? 6. In what year was the company WH. BRYANT & CO. founded? 7. Were there forty people employed at the factory in 1909? 8 When did Bryant buy the fish-canning business in Grimsby? 9. When did Bryant return to the fruit-bottling factory? 10. Did he convert it into a vegetable-canning factory? 11. Was there a fish-canning factory for sale in Scotland? 12. Did Bryant pay a lot of money for the Scottish factory or did he buy it cheap- v2 13. What did Bryant receive from the government during the War? 14. Did production in Bryant's factories rise or fall after the War? 15. Did the post-war slump affect the food industry more or less than other industries? Notes on the Introduction Key business still expanding company ‘empresa ainda em expansao words overseas subsidiaries subsidiérias no exterior main products produtos princioais frozen and canned fish peixe congelado e enlatado parent company empresa matriz office statt pessoal de escritério bad harvests més colheitas strikes greves new laws novas leis launch a new product langar um produto novo advertise anunciar buy raw materials comprar matérias-primas negotiate bank loans negociar empréstimos bancérios settle wage claims satisfazer a reivindicagGes salariais fair feira premises (singular and plural) focal (locais) Plc (PLC)-Public Limited Company, equivalente a S.A. (Sociedade Anénima) (U.S.) Corporation or Inc. British PLC's and U.S. Corporations (with Incorporated or Inc. often put after the corporate name) are similar to Portuguese S.A.'s. They are based on the following: The owners’ liability (responsabilidad) is limited to the amount each owner invests. Transfer of ownership is easy, through sales of stock shares (ages).Notes on the Text {ruit-bottling business turnover, (U.S.) sales revenue fruit growers supply and demand investing all his savings empresa engarrafadora (de suco) de frutas faturamento, vendas plantadores de fruta oferta e procura investindo todas as suas economias to manage administrar, gerir security garantia, fanca tinned (canned) enlatado making a profit ‘obtendo lucro growth crescimento development desenvolvimento to soar subir vertiginosamente mass unemployment desemprego em massa factories closed down post-war slump fabricas foram fechadas estagnagao de pés-guerra Key business © Notice use of the expression don't put all your eggs in one basket. It is often heard in a business context to indicate a division of risk. The nearest expressions Comments on key structures in Portuguese would be ndo jogar tudo numa sé cartada and nao queimar toda a munigao. 1989 9 Sales Sales in Outside Home Billions Home Company ‘Country $ ‘Country. Nestlé (Swiss) $32.9 (98 %) Sandoz (Swiss) $8.6 (96%) Hoffman-La Roche(Swiss) $6.7 (96%) Philips (Holland) $30.0 (94%) Electrolux (Sweden) $13.8 (83%) {cl (Britain) $22.1. (78.%) Michelin (France) $9.4 (78%) Hoechst (Germany) $27.3 (77%) Unilever (UK/Hol) $35.3 (75%) Sony (Wapan) $16.3 (66%) Bayer (Germany) $25.8 (65%) Honda Wapan) $26.4 (63%) Daimler Benz (Germany) $45.5 (61%) IBM (US) $62.7 (59%) Coca-Cola (us) $90 (54%) Dow Chemical (US) $17.6 (64%) Source: Company Reports and Business Week. SOME LARGE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES THAT OBTAIN OVER HALF OF THEIR SALES ‘OUTSIDE THEIR HOME COUNTRY. Multinational companies with small home mar- kets often have larger percentages of their sales abroad. This is evident from the number of Swiss, Dutch and Swedish companies that top the list of multinationals when they are ranked by percentage of sales outside their home coun- tries. When one compares the largest US. mult- national manufacturing companies, they tend to have a smaller percentage of their total sales abroad because their home market is so large. The companies on the list include a wide range of industrial sectors: food and beverages (Nes- tlé, Coca-Cola), chemicals (ICI, Hoechst, Dow Chemical), computers (IBM), automobiles and tires (Honda, Daimler Benz, Michelin), pharmac- euticals (Sandoz, Hoffman-La Roche, Bayer), and, finally, consumer goods and electronics (Electrolux, Philips, Unilever, Sony).A CORPORATE BUSINESS Dialogue A Plan for Expansion * Subject: Discussing the possibility of building a new factory. One day early’ in 1932 William Bryant, the managing director of WH. Bryant & Co, was discussing the company's affairs with his brother Edward, who was also a director of the firm. William said it was time for the company to expand. His idea was to build a large modern fruit and vegetable canning factory in the Vale of Evesham. Wituam: Ever since we got through those first difficult post-war years, we've been consolidating. We can't consolidate for ever’. | think the time has come for us to start expanding. What do you think®, Edward? Epwaro: It depends. Wituiam: It depends on what? Epwaro: It depends on how much you want to expand. If we built a new ex- tension on to the factory, we could increase production by about 20%. WILUAM: I'm not talking about extending the factory; I'm talking about build- ing @ new one: bigger, more modern and in the part of the country where they grow the most fruit and vegetables. Eowaro: The Vale of Evesham, you mean’? WILLAM: Exactly. If we built a factory there, we would have our raw material on our doorstep. EDWARD: That's true. But where would we get the money to finance such a project. We couldn't get a bank loan to build such a large, modem and costly factory. Wii: | quite agree. EDWARD: Where would you get the money from, then? Witt: There is only one way, and that is to become a public company. The sooner we do so, the better; otherwise’ we'll miss the boat. Eowaro: Why this sudden hurry’ to expand, William? Aren't you satisfied with the progress of the company? WiuaM: Up to a point®, yes; but I want a very prosperous little private com- pany to become a very prosperous big public company. EDWARD: We'll have to have a board meeting to discuss the idea. When do you think would be the best time®? WILUAM: At the beginning of next month. Between now and then | can get all f) the information we need for the meeting. Then, instead of'® chat- ting" about an idea, we can discuss a definite proposal. arly no comego sudden hurry pressa repentina *for ever para sempre Sup to a point até certo ponto ®What do you think? O que vocé acha? "the best time ‘©. methor momento “grow cuttivam "instead of| ‘em vez de, em lugar de Syou mean voce quer dizer "chatting tagarelar, bater pap0 “otherwise ‘senéo, caso contrério.Comprehension of the Dialogue Answer the following questions: 1, What were William and Edward Bryant discussing one day early in 1932? 2. What did William Bryant want to build in the Vale of Evesham? 3. How much would production increase by if the company buill an exten- sion on to its factory? 4. Is William Bryant talking about extending the factory? 5. What would the raw material be of the new factory in the Vale of Evesham? 6. Does Edward think they would not get a bank loan for a factory extension? 7. Does William say the later they become a public company, the better? 8 What does William think will happen if they don't become a public com- pany soon? 9. Does Edward say they will have to have a board meeting to discuss William's idea or his own? 10. Does William want to chat about his idea at the board meeting or does he want to discuss a definite proposal? Notes on the Dialogue managing director diretor-gerente Key business company’s affairs assuntos da empresa words director diretor get a bank loan —_obter um empréstimo bancério costly dispenaiosa board meeting ——_reunio de diretoria definite proposal —_proposta concreta * Notice the use of the infinitive in the construction: ‘Comments on key It was time for the company to expand. xyes Jé era hora de a empresa se expandir. * Notice the use of ever since, the emphatic form of since. Compare: Ever since 1920... but Since last year... © Note the preposition used in depends on (not depends of). © Note the use of the sooner... the better (quanto antes, melhor) Compare the following: The bigger the market, the better for sales. The less we spend, the more we save. © Notice the expression meaning to miss the boat - to lose an opportunity. Compare with the Portuguese expression perder o bonde. © Note the expression on our doorstep, meaning very very near - almost at ‘our door. * Note the use of such in the following: such a project tal projeto such a large factory uma fabrica t4o grande10 BUSINESS EXECUTIVES An Executive Writes - Subject: Letters requesting catalogues, price lists and brochures etc. In order to include important information some letters are necessarily long; they should never be unnecessarily long, however. The golden rule for writing business letters is: ‘Keep letters as short as possible’. The shortest letter possible is a letter of one sentence. It is not necessary to write two sentences when one is sufficient. Letter 1: Gne senience is general ly consiered sufficient 10 request a copy of a cal logue and price Ist pews WELBECK NURSERIES Plat and Flower Specialists Puunton Road, Reda, Nonhampion rel 3307860 March 26, 1990 INSECTAKILL, Denton Avenue, Slough, Bucks SL1 SOT Dear Sirs, Please send us a copy of your catalogue and price List as advertised in the NODERY GARDENER. Yours faithfully, AR Ryetn M.R.Boltone STEPHENS & COSTAIN PLC ry ‘Marley House, Timpson Road, Birmingham BIS 4JD Tal: 021-456 7238 aks 021-405 3229 April 25, 1990 SIMS & BARKER Ple Freemantle Lane, Bolton BL2 SAP bear size, We should be obliged if you would kindly send us a copy of your brochure "IROUSTRIAL ESTATES, PROJECT 90". Yours faithfully, ep sn Explanatory Notes on the Letters brochures folhetos advertised catalogue catélogo anunciado a copy um exemplar We should be obliged if you would Agradeceriamos se (kindly) send us nos enviassem (0 favor de nos enviar) * When addressed to a company a letter begins with the salutation Dear Sirs, (US. Dear, Sirs:) and when addressed to a person Dear Sir or Dear Ma- dam. In both cases the subscription is Yours faithfully or Yours truly (U.S.). Letter 2: This letter is equally short but more gentle and ‘more polit Key business words and phrases Comments on the "112 BUSINESS EXECUTIVES An Executive Travels +e Subject: Travelling by air. Patty Mason is the ladies’ fashion buyer at FISCHERS, the famous New York department store. In her job’ she has to travel a lot, not only in North and South America but in Europe and Asia too. There are certain places she must travel to more often than others, of course. These include the famous fashion centres of Paris, Rome, Milan and London. Five years ago she went to the Far East for the first time. Since then? she has returned no fewer than four times. On her last trip she flew* to Thailand, then to Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China and Japan. She has to plan these trips very carefully® because she has to visit a lot of people in a short time. Now that FISCHERS have opened a store in Dallas, Patty has to fly to Texas four of five times a year. A market research study in Dallas indicated that a lot of Dallas women bought their clothes in London. Patty immediately flew to London to order® a selection of models. Fortunately London is not far trom New York if you travel by Concorde Last year Patty flew in no fewer than forty planes. People often ask her if she minds travelling by plane so much. ‘Not really’, she replies ‘Provided | land as many times as | take off'* Most international airlines have special facilities for executives. These are very necessary because many executives not only work on the plane but while they are waiting at airports too. Among these special facilities are executive lounges where they can write, telephone, telex messages and fax documents and letters. After long trips by air Patty is usually very tired and prefers to visit suppliers and potential suppliers the day after her arrival. She does this when she flies to the Far East, but not when she goes to Europe. For the business executive travel can be very frustrating. Apart from the inconveniences and discomforts of the journey itself, the trip may be a failure from a business point of view. Patty Mason is fortunate in this sense: as a buyer and not a seller, she knows that all her trips will be more or less successtul. ‘But it's never possible to tell if a trip has been a real success’, she says, ‘until my company has sold what | have bought. ‘job trabalho 2 since then desde entéo 2 she flew la viajou de avido “carefully cuidadosamenta Sto order pedir, encomendar take off and land decolare aterrissarText Comprehension ‘Answer the following questions: 1. Is Patty Mason a furniture buyer? 2. Does she have to travel a lot or only a litte? 3. When did she go to the Far East for the first time? 4, How many times has she been back to the Far East? 5. Why does she have to plan her trips to the Far East very carefully? 6. How offen does she have to fly to Texas? 7. How many times did she travel by plane last year? 8 Does she mind travelling by plane? 9. What can business executives do in the special lounges that the airlines provide for them? 10. Does she visit suppliers in the Far East on the same day as she arrives? Explanatory Notes on the Text fashion buyer comprador(a) de modas Key business department store loja de departamentos words trip viagem market research study pesquisa de mercado telex messages passar mensagens por telex fax documents and letters _passar documentos e cartas por fax suppliers fornecedores * Notice the use of the verb to travel and the noun trip. You can say It w Comments on key good journey, a good trip or a good flight but you cannot say It was a _ structures. good travel. * Notice the use of provided (contanto que). Compare: We will pay 20% if they pay 10%. We will pay 20% provided they pay 10% (more emphatic) We will pay 20% on condition that they pay 10% (very emphatic). Air Shuttles in the U.S. U.S. Airlines that Fly to Europe An air shuttle (ponte aérea) exists between American Airlines New York City and Washington, D.C. and be- Trans World Airlines (TWA) tween New York City and Boston. These flights are about one hour in duration and reservations are not needed. The shuttles leave ‘on the hour’ Other Malor U.S. Air ines that Fly or ‘on the half hour’. The airline makes as many nee ontinental Airlines planes available as needed to meet demand. Delta Airlines The shuttle, originally owned by Eastern Air Ken euet Anlines Lines, was bought by the real estate and cas- jonhwest AM ino magnate Donald Trump and is called the ‘Trump Shuttle’. 13,14 BUSINESS MATTERS Some Questions and Answers about. Bank Accounts (1) it Subject: Opening a bank account. Brian Henderson wants to open a bank account and is asking his friend Claude Williams, who works in a bank, some questions about bank accounts. BRIAN Ciauot BRIAN: Ciauot BRIAN: Ciauot BRIAN: Cuauol BRIAN: ‘Cuauot BRIAN Ciaunr BRIAN: Ciauns BRIAN: How do you open a bank account? : You just go to the bank, speak to the manager, fill in a form and deposit some money Is it necessary to deposit a lot? 1E: No, you can open @ bank account with as little as’ £1 but | don’t think the manager would be very impressed if you did. Do you need references? 1E: Just the name and address of someone who knows you. Do you receive interest on the money you have in the bank? E: You receive interest if the money is in a deposit account but not if it is in a current account What's the difference between a deposit account and a current account? fe: You can draw money out of a current account at any time? but if you want to draw money out of a deposit account, you must wait @ week. If not you lose @ week's interest. When do you receive the interest? E: The bank pays, or credits, the interest to your account each month The interest is compound. What's compound interest? E: Didn't you study simple and compound interest at school? Yes, but | have forgotten what it is. 7] Mic 10714 20-99-93 BARCLAYS BANK LIMITED ‘he Soe Conon A PATIL IO" 2ONg9RE LORenTESe |Cauve: Imagine that you have £100 in a deposit account and that the inter- est at the end of one month is 82 pence. BRIAN: 82 pence! That's not much. Laude: £100 isn't much, either’. Imagine that you have £1,000 in your deposit account, then, BRIAN: Yes, | prefer £1,000. Cuauve: At the end of the month you will have £8.20 credited to your account in interest. The next month you will receive interest on £1,008.20. BRIAN: How do you draw money out of a current account? Ciaude: You can use a cash dispenser or write out a cheque. Look, this is a cheque. BRIAN: What are all these numbers? Laude: The first is the cheque serial number, every cheque has a number. Then comes the number of the branch of your bank and finally the number of your account. BRIAN: _ Is it complicated to write out a cheque? CLAUDE: On the contrary, it is very simple. First you write the date here at the top. Then you write ‘Cash’ if you want to draw money out and then the amount in words and in numbers. Then you sign it. BRIAN: Do you always write ‘Cash’ where it says ‘Pay’? CLAUDE: No, sometimes you write the name of the person or the name of a company, for example. If you are writing a cheque to pay me, then after ‘Pay’ you put ‘Claude Williams’. If you have just bought a book then after ‘Pay’ you put ‘The Bexley Bookshop’, for example. BRIAN: | understand. Ciaupe: That is because you are an extraordinarily intelligent young man. ‘as litle as um pouguinho como, apenas fat any time a qualquer momento Snot...elther tampouco, também néo “sign assinar FOSAGer 2O89T99E LORZERESE 66 © ‘A. Cheque serial umber 8 Computerized cheque serial rumor ©. Bank branch number 0. Computerized bank branch number Number of, customer's account 1516 BUSINESS MATTERS Dialogue Comprehension —— SSeS Answer the following questions: 3. What do you fill in? ene count? Se@enoea . What is Brian asking his friend Claude? Who do you speak to if you want to open a bank account? . Is it necessary to deposit a large amount of money to open a bank ac- How long must you wait to draw money out to a deposit account? Does the bank credit the interest to your account each week? Do you get simple or compound interest on money in a deposit account? ‘What are the three numbers on a cheque? Do you write the date at the top of the cheque or at the bottom? Do you sign a cheque al the top or at the bottom? Explanatory Notes on the Dialogue Key business bank account words fill in a form interest current/deposit account, conta bancéiria preencher um formulério juros conta corrente/de depésito (U.S.) checkingAime account draw out, withdraw to credit an account compound interest cash dispenser branch cash Comments on key structures —_ pare the following: A day's work. A month's salary. A year’s profits. Demand deposits, commonly known in the U.S. as checking accounts, are funds deposited in an account that are payable at the request of the customer, or on demand. In the U.S,, for many years only commercial banks, as oppos- ed to savings and loan associations or S&l's (similar to caixa econémica), were allowed to offer demand deposit accounts. But today U.S. S.U’s can offer NOW (negotiable order of with- drawal) accounts that have the same ‘payable on demand’ feature as checking accounts, sacar creditar em conta juros compostos caixa automatico agéncia (em) dinheiro © Notice the construction a week's interest - the interest of one week. Com- The original purpose of the S&L’s was to invest funds in order to provide home financing to members. Most S&L's were owned by their depositors. Home financing has been provided in the form of mortgage loans (empréstimos hipotecérios) for a maximum term of 30 years in the US, However, in the past decade there has been a crisis in the American S&L industry caused, in part, by slumps in the real estate markets in some regions of the country.Dialogue Numbers (1) ‘Subject: Telephone dialogue on currency exchange rates. Philip Bennett works in the export department of Brampton Products. At the moment he is working on a series of overseas orders and needs the latest exchange rates for some foreign currencies. As one of his colleagues has taken the newspaper, he must telephone the bank for the latest rates. Voice: Lloyds Bank. Good morning. MA BENNETT: Good morning. Could you put me through to the Foreign Department, please? VOICE: One moment, please. BANK CLERK: Foreign Department. Can | help you? Ma BENNETT: Yes; this is the Export Department of Brampton Products here. We need some foreign exchange rates. Bank CLERK: Just a moment, sir; I'll get today’s sheet with the latest rates. Here we are. Now which ones would you like to know? Mr BENNETT: First of all the rates for the US dollar and the French franc. BANK CLERK: The dollar is at 1.65 to the pound and the French franc 9.42; both slightly up on yesterday. Ma BENNETT: 1.65 and 9.42. Right, thank you. Now the German mark and the Dutch guilder. BANK CLERK: The mark is at 2.76 to the pound and the guilder is at 3.13. They, t00, are slightly up on yesterday. Mr BENNETT: The pound is down, then. BANK CLERK: Slightly, yes. It offen goes down at the beginning of the week, but it usually recovers on Thursday or Friday. Ma BENNETT: There's just one more. | expect you know which one that is. BANK CLERK: If i's the Japanese yen, it's at 242 to the pound. Ma BENNETT: It is the yen and that's all | need for the moment. Thank you very much for your help. BANk CLERK: Not at all, sir. Goodbye. Explanatory Notes overseas orders pedidos de exportagéo Key business ‘exchange rates taxas de cambio words today’s sheet a folha (a lista) de hoje slightly up on yesterday _ligeiramente mais altos que ontem the pound is down, then a libra baixou, entéo it usually recovers geralmente se recupera not at all de nada, nao por isso © Note that Pll get is the short form of I'll go and get (vou pegar). Comments on key * Note that 1.65 is 1,65 in Portuguese and that 1,650 is 1.650. rachis Compare: 2.5 x 2.5=6.25 2,500 x 2,500 250,00018 BUSINESS NEWS From an Article in ‘The Economist’ eee | ‘Subject: The business property market in Madrid. In March of this year ‘The Economist’ published an article on the business property market in Madrid under the title On the Boil" ‘The Economist’ wrote: The weather is not the only thing? that is ‘unseasonably? warm in Madrid these days: the Spanish capitals property market is hot —and getting hoter. Since the property business was deregulated in 1985, it has been easier to eviet tenants and to conduct regular rent reviews. Rents for prime ‘commercial properties have risen by about 120% in peseta terms over the past three years. ‘The Economist’ says that the property people enjoying the boom are asking themselves if it can last. The conclusion is: probably not. The article continues: Office rents in Madrid have overtaken* those in Frankfurt’ and are_moving towards Paris levels. Rents rose from @ yearly $20 a square foot in 1986 to $56 at the end of February. Demand has risen dramatically from Spanish companies taking advantage’ of their country’s economic growth (the fastest in the EC), and from foreign multinationals. Foreign SPANISH STEPS International office rents S$ per sq.ft. per year, December 1898 investors are mostly’ interested in the Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid’s main office area, and buildings close by*. ‘Skandia, a Swedish insurance company paid Ptas 80 billion (S670 m) for four proper- ties last year. Rodamco, a Dutch fund- agement firm, now owns’ four build- ings in Madrid totalling nearly 200,000 square feet. Source: Hee & ater Rs Seis The article goes on to say that some Japanese trading firms like C. Itoh have been looking round, too. So far, however," their investments have all been in joint venturesThe rental growth is beginning to slow down'’ as some big companies move to cheaper premises on the edge of the city. The article says that according to'? Jones Lang Wooton, a British firm of surveyors, rents may soon be ris- ing at a respectable 10% a year instead of the present 20%. Comprehension of the Text Answer the following questions. 1, When was the property market in Madrid deregulated? 2. Is the Madrid property market booming or is there a slump? 3. Are office rents in Madrid higher or lower than those in Frankfurt? 4, What was the average yearly rent a square foot in 1986? 5. Is Spain's economic growth the slowest in Europe? 6. What are some of the big companies doing to avoid paying high rents? Explanatory Notes on the Text deregulated livre de restrigdes Key business evict tenants despejar inquilinos words rent reviews revises do akigue! prime commercial properties iméveis comerciais em areas nobres boom (em) alta, expansao a square foot um pé quadrado (929,03 cm*) EC CEE (Comunidade Econémica Européia) insurance company companhia de seguros, seguradora Dutch fund-management firm companhia holandesa de investimentos trading firm companhia de exportacao e importacao, joint venture associagao entre empresas em um projeto especitico rental growth aumento dos aluguéis move to cheaper premises mudar para um lugar mais barato surveyors, (U.S.) appraisers —_avaliadores de iméveis # Notice the use of the preposition by in the phrase risen by about 120%. | Comments on key Compare: fallen by 50 %, cut by 2 metres, increased by 150 and reduc- _ structures ed by £20. «The reference to Spanish steps in the illustration has a double meaning. It refers to the steps (degraus) in the diagram and to the famous Spanish steps in Rome. *on the boil fervendo "mostly ‘princjpalmente, quase sempre the only thing a dnica colsa close by perto de Sunseasonably fora da ostacao “owns possui “overtaken ‘superade, uttranassado ® so far, however até agora, entretanto those in Frankfurt os > Sre-'irt *to slow down desacelerar Staking advantage aproveitando according to segundo, de acordo com 1920 THE USE OF ENGLISH IN BUSINESS. The Determiners (1) L* | aand an a and an compared with one ‘one and ones Subject: The correct use of the articles and pronouns: a, an, one and ones, some and any, and the. We use a before a consonant: a contract, a letter; and an before a vowel: an open contract, an angry letter. We use a and an when referring to professions and occupations in the singu- lar: He is a lawyer. She is a biologist. He is an accountant Compare with the plural: They are lawyers. They are biologists. They are accountants. We use @ and an when referring to objects in the singular: This is a com- puter. An old typewriter is useless. A contract is an agreement. Compare with the plural: These are computers. Old typewriters are use- less. Contracts are agreements. He is an accountant We use a and an to distinguish one object from another and one when referring to number. Compare the following: We need a computer not a typewriter. We need one computer not two. Note the use of one in the phrase to distinguish one from another. Here one is @ pronoun. We need one computer not two These are very useful pronouns and avoid a lot of repetition. Compare the following: We need a blue pencil and a red one. We need a blue ball-point pen and a red one.We need a large Apex photocopier not a small one. Have we got a technical dictionary? Yes, there's one on that shelf over there. The new agreements are on the desk and the old ones are in that cup- board over there. The old contract with J.B. Robinson & Sons is in that drawer and the new one is on the table. These are used with countable nouns in the plural and with uncountable some and any nouns. Compare the following: There's a letter for you, Mr Jones. There are some letters for you, Mr Jones. There's some mail for you, Mr Jones. In the interrogative these sentences would be: Is there a letter for me, Miss Brown? Are there any letters for me, Miss Brown? Is there any mail for me, Miss Brown? Note that some may be used interrogatively if the speaker expects an affir- mative answer: Have you got some letters for me, Miss Brown? Have you got some mail for me, Miss Brown? In the negative we use any in combination with a negative word: not any, never any, nobody ... any, for example. Compare the following: We haven't received a letter from Smith & Coldwell We haven't received any letters from Head Office this week. We haven't received any information about the next meeting. Note that any by itself is not negative. ‘Some and any are also used as pronouns. Compare the following: There's some carbon paper in the cupboard and some in that drawer. There isn’t any ink here and there isn’t any in the drawer. ‘There are some paper clips here and there are some in the the cup- board. There aren't any pens here and there aren't any in the box. 2122 THE USE OF ENGLISH IN BUSINESS. The definite article the The manager The definite article the corresponds to 0, a, os and as in Portuguese. Com- pare the following the manager —o gerente the secretary —_a Secretaria the managers —_os gerentes the secretaries as secretérias The is omitted when we are speaking about people and things in general but it is included when we are speaking about specific people and things. Compare the following: The delegates at the conference all wore identity tags. Delegates at conferences usually wear identity tags. The employees enjoyed the speeches yesterday, which is surprising be- cause employees don't usually like speeches. Note that if we said because the employees don't usually like speeches, it would mean our employees but speeches in general. Compare the following use of the indefinite and the definite article: ‘An accountant is usually an expert on taxes. Accountants are usually experts on taxes. The expert on taxes in our company is the accountant. The experts on taxes in our company are the accountants. Note the difference in singular and plural in the above examples. Indefinite: an accountanaccountants, an expert/experts. Definite: the expert/the experts, the accountant/the accountants. The delegates in the conference all wore identity tagsGlossary of the Key Business Words and Phrases Used accountant advertisement (to advertise) air shuttle bank account ‘bank clerk board boom branch brochure buyer (to buy) canned fish (to can) cash cash dispenser catalogue company compound interest copy (to copy) corporate policy credit (to credit) currency current account customer demand (see supply) department store deposit account deregulated development (to develop) director EC enterprise ‘exchange rate factory personnel fair foreign currency growth harvest head office insurance company interest rate investment (to invest) joint venture launch a new product lawyer liability loan management (to manage) ‘managing director market research study meeting ‘mortgage loans office staff orders (to order) ‘owner (to own) arent company contador andncio fanunciar) ponte aérea conta bancéria bancirio diretoria negécios em expanséo, ata agéncia, sucursal folheto ‘compradr (comprar) peixe enlatado (enlatar) inheio ccaixa automtico catélogo empresa jures compostos ‘exemplar, copia (copier) poilica da empresa crécito (crecitar) ‘moeda ‘conta corrente cliente demanda |oja de departamentos conta de depésito livre de restricdes desenvolvimento (desenvoWver) diretor CEE (Comunidade ‘Econdmica Européa) ‘empreendimento, empresa taxa de cambio pessoal de fabrica fea ‘moeda estrangeira ‘crescimento colheita ‘sede, escritério central ‘seguradora taxa de juros. invastimento (investr) associagao entre empresas ‘em um projeto espectico langar um produto novo ‘advogado responsabilidade ‘empréstimo adiministragao (geri) Giretor-gerente pesquisa de mercado reuniaio ‘empréstimos hipotecérios pessoal de escritério pedidos (pedir) ‘dono (possuit) empresa matriz Pic (PLC), (US) Corporation or Inc. premises profit Proposal raw material rent savings ssavings and loans associations security seller (to sel) slump stock shares strike (to strike) ‘supplier (to supply) supply and demand surveyors, (U.S.) appraisers tax tenant trading firm turnover, (U.S) sales revenue unemployment wage claims Sociedade Anénima loca! locais) lucro proposta matéria-prima aluguel ‘poupanca, economias ccaixas econémicas arant, fanga Yendedor (vender) recessdo, baa atividade econémica acoes greve (fazer grve) fornecedor (fomecer) oferta e procura avaladores de moveis impesto inguiino companhia de exporagdo e mportapao faturamento, vendas desemprego reivincicagdes salaiais Phrasal Verbs Used ‘These are compound verbs and consist of a verb and ‘preposition or adverb. The adcitian ofthis prepositional or adverbial particle modifies the meaning of the root verb. ‘Compare the folowing: to come (vir), to come in (entrar), to come out (sain, to come up (Subir) etc. These verbs wil be explained in detail in a later section of THE USE OF ENGLISH IN BUSINNES. toask for a loan to close down a factory to deal with a problem to draw out money to face up to crises to fil in a form to look for premises to write out a cheque ‘pedir um empréstimo fechar uma fébrica tratar de um problema sacar dinheiro entrentar crises ‘preencher um formutéirio ‘procurar um local ;preencher um cheque Ls | 1SEXERCISES 01 Atter having carefully studied the texts and dialogues in the main section of the course, do the tests and exercises on the following pages. When these have been done, turn to pages 7 and 8 and check with the answers. In this way you will know if the material in the main section has been assimilated. Assimilation Test 1 Fill in the spaces with the correct word. The number of letters in each word is indicated by the number of dashes. ‘A. We shall see the __ _ and subsidiary companies in the course of their daily work. We shall meet their ___ executives, ______ staff and __. personnel. We shall see how they ____ with problems like insufficient staff in one of the departments or the of an urgent order; how they ____ up to crises caused by ___ harvests, strikes and ___ laws, regulations and restrictions that affect their business. We shall see they react to a flu epidemic in one of their factories and how they ______ a new product. B. Last year Patty ____ in no fewer than forty planes. People often ask her if she minds by plane ‘not really, she replies, ‘Provided |____ as many times as | ___ off” Most international airlines have special __ for executives. These are very necessary because many executives not ____ work on the plane but while they are waiting at too. Among these special are executive lounges where they can write, telephone, _ messages and ___ documents and letters. C. Office rents in Madrid have overtaken _____ of Frankfurt and are moving __ Paris levels. Rents rose trom a yearly $20 a ______ foot in 1986 to $56 at the of February. Demand has risen dramatically from Spanish companies ______ advantage of their country’s economic (the fastest in the __), and from foreign multinationals. Foreign investors are mostly in the Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid's ____ office area, and buildings _____ by. Now check your answers with the original texts and see how many of the 30 spaces you have filled correctly.Assimilation Test 2 There are eleven mistakes in the following dialogue. The first mistake has already been correc- ted. Now see if you can find and correct the other ten mistakes. ‘Subject: Discussing the possiblity of building a new factory. ‘One day early in 1932 William Bryant, the managing director of W.H. BRYANJ“& CO, was dis- cussing the company’s affairs with his brother Edward, who was also say’ o the firm. Wil- liam said it was time for the company to expand. His idea was to build a large modern fruit and vegetable bottling factory in the Vale of Evesham. s WILLIAM: Ever since we got through those first difficult post-war years, we've been consolidating. ‘ We can't consolidate for always. | think the time has come for us to start relaxing. What , do you think, Edward? : It depends. lt depends on what? 1 EDWARD: It depends on how much you want to expand. If we built a new extension on to the fac- " tory, we could decrease production by about 20%. 2 WILLIAM: I'm not talking about extending the factory; I'm talking about building a new one: big- 8 ger, more modern and in the part of the country where they grow the most fruit and “ vegetables. 1s EDWARD: The Vale of Evesham, you dream? we WILUAM: Exactly. If we built a factory there, we would have our raw material on our doorstep. 17 EDWARD: That's true. But where would we get the money to finance such a project. We couldn't ” get a bank phone to build such a large, modern and ghastly factory. 1» WILUAM: | quite agree. x» EDWARD: Where would you get the money from, then? 21 WILLIAM: There is only one way, and that to become a public company. The sooner we do so, 2 the better; otherwise we'll miss the train. z3 EDWARD: Why this sudden hurry to expand, William? Aren't you satisfied with the progress of the cy company? 2s WILLAM: Up to a point, yes; but | want a very prosperous litle private company to become a very = prosperous big public company. 27 EDWARD: We'll have to have a board meeting to discuss the idea. When do you think would be » the worst time? a WILUAM: At the beginning of next month. Between now and then | can get all the information we 2 need for a meeting. Then, instead of chatting about an idea, we can discuss a definite ” disposal.Translation Test Translate the following sentences into English: 1. Nossa empresa langou cinco produtos novos este ano. 2. Bryant investiu todas as suas economias em um pequeno empreendimento de engarrafamento de (suco de) frutas. 8. Ele queria aprender algo sobre comida enlatada. 4. A producao comecou a subir vertiginosamente. 5. Ela nao se incomoda de viajar de aviao. 6. Para abrir uma conta bancéiria 6 necessério preencher este formulério. 7. Os aluguéis subirarn 15% este ano. 8. O pessoal do escritério é contra a greve. 9. Quero sacar 20 libras esterlinas. 10. Precisamos de uma maquina de escrever e de uma fotocopiadora. 11. E hora de a companhia se expandir. 12, Estamos falando sobre a construgao de uma nova fabrica. 18. Em vez de ficar discorrendo sobre uma idéia, podemos discutir uma proposta concreta. 14, Como compradora, ela sabe que todas as suas viagens serdo um sucesso. 15. O prego das matérias-primas subiu 15% em seis meses.Letter-writing Test Write out the letters below using the information given for each one. 1. send/copy/catalogue/price list/advertised/COMPUTER WORLD. Dear Sirs, Please send ‘Yours: 2. We/obliged/you/send/copy/new brochure/'This is Progress’. Dear 3. send/four copies/illustrated catalogue/price list/advertised/‘Daily Telegraph'/this week. 4. We/obliged/kindly/samples/new materials/advertised/FASHION TODAY. 5. send/details/Continental Delivery Service/advertised/SUNDAY TIMES. 6. We/obliged/kindly/send/copy/booklev/"Exporting to Africa’.Language Exercises A. 1. Typists. Typelletters. What do typists do? They type letters. 2. Bank-manager. Manage/bank. 3. Fruit-grower. Grow/ruit. 4, Computer-operator. Operate/computer. §. Fish-canners. Canffish. Sell/cars. p Chairman/opened/meeting. The Chairman opened the meeting. Chairmen always open meetings. 2. Employees/obey/unions. ways .. 2 ‘Statt/organise/otfice party. = Megting/begin/on time. 5. Office boy/arrive late. 6. Factory workers/protest. ©. 1. Do you want a brochure? No, | want a price list. 2. Do you want one brochure? No, | want two. 3 . catalogue? three. 4 catalogue? 6 copy? 6 .-application form? 7. pencil 8 stamp.). 1. Letter. Is there a letter for me? Yes, there's one for Mr Smith, too. 2. Letters. Are there any me? Yes, 3. Mail. 4. Message. §. Correspondence. 6. Samples. . 1. Letter. Isn't there a letter for me? No, there isn't one for Mr Smith, either. 2. Letters. 3, Messages. 4, Sample. 5. Mail. 6. Samples.Answers Assimilation Test 2 manager director decrease increase vain boet botting canning cream = mean 9 worst best a always: ever e phone loan oo disposal Proposal (1) relaxing ‘expanding ghastly: costly =m Translation Test 1. Our company has launched tive new products this year. 2. Bryant invested all his savings in a small trut-botting business. 3. He wanted to learn something about canning food. 4. Production began to soar. 5. She doesn't mind traveling by plane. 6. To open a bank account it is necessary to fill in this form, 7. Rents have risen by 15% this year. 8, The otfice statf are against the strike. 9. | want to draw out £20. 10. We need a typewriter and a photocopier. 11, Its time for the company to expand. 12, We are talking about building a new factory 13, Instead of chatting about an idea, we can discuss a definite proposal 14, As a buyer, she knows that all her trips will be successful 15, The price of raw materials has risen 184% in six months. Letter-writing Test 1. Dear Sirs, Please send us copy o! your catalogue and price list as advertised in COMPUTER WORLD. Yours faithfully, 2. Dear Sirs, We would be obliged if you would send us a copy of your new brochure ‘This is Progress’. Yours faithfully, 3. Dear Sits, Please send us four copies of your ilusraled catalogue and price list as advertised in the Daily Telegraph this week Yours faithfully, 4, Dear Sirs, We should be obliged if you would kindly send us samples of the new materials as advertised in FASHION TODAY. Yours faith 5. Dear Sirs, Pease, send us details of your Continental Delivery Service as advertised in the SUNDAY TIMES, ‘Yours faithfully, 6. Dear Sirs, -We should be obliged if you would kindly send us a copy of your booklet ‘Exporting to Arica’. Yours faithfully,Language Exercises A OMRON H PNOMSONe BAA ENe BAAENH What do typists do? What do bank managers do? What does a fruit-grower do? What does a computer operator do? What do fish-canners do? What do car salesmen do? The Chairman opened the meeting The employees obeyed the unions. ‘The staff organised the office party. The meeting began on time, ‘The office boy arrived lat. The factory workers protested. Do you want a brochure? Do you want one brochure? Do you want one catalogue? Do you want a catalogue? Do you want one copy? Do you want one application form? Do you want a ball pen? Do you want an envelope? Is there a letter for me? ‘Ate there any letters for me? Is there any mail for me? Is there a message for me? 's there any correspondence for me? ‘Ate there any samples for me? lant there a letter for me? ‘Aren't there any letters for me? Aren't there any messages for me? Isn't there a sample for me? Isn't there any mail for me? Aren't there any samples for me? They type letters. ‘They manage banks, He grows fruit He operates a computer. They can fish, They sell cars. Chairmen always open meetings. Employees always obey unions. Statts always organise office partes. Meetings always begin on time. Office boys always arrive late. Factory workers always protest No, | want a price list No, | want two. No, | want three, No, | want a brochure, No, I want six No, I want two. No, t want a pencil. No, I want a stamp. ‘Yes, there's one for Mr Smith, too. ‘Yes, there are some for Mr Smith, too. ‘Yes, there is some for Mr Smith, too. ‘Yes, there's one for Mr Smith, 100. ‘Yes, there's some for Mr Smith, too. Yes, there are some for Mr Smith, too. 'No, there isn't one for Mr Smith, eth 'No, there aren't any for Mr Smith, ether. ‘No, there aren't any for Mr Smith, either. 'No, there isn't one for Mr Smith, ether. No, there jsn't any for Mr Smith, either No, there aren't any for Mr Smith, either.24 ANSWERS: Answers to the questions on page 6. He started it in 1904. It was an exceptionally good year. . The supply exceeded the demand, lt was very cheap. He invested all of them in the business. It was founded in 1906. . No, there were fity people employed there. 8. He bought it in 1910. 9. He returned there in 1912. 10. No, he converted it into a trut-canning factory. 11. No, there was a meat-canning factory for sale there. 12. He bought it cheaply. 18. He received considerable financial help to increase pro- duction. 14, It fel 16, It affected it less. Answers to the questions on page 9. 1, They were discussing the companys affairs. 2, He wanted to build a large modern fruit and vegetable canning factory. 3. It would increase by about 2096. 4. No, he is talking about building a new one. 5. It would be fruit and vegetables. 8. Ho he thinks they would not gat one to build a large, modern and cosily factory. 7. No he says the sooner they become a public company, the better. 8, He thinks they will miss the boat. 9, He says, they will have to have one to discuss Wiliarn's idea. 10, He wants to discuss a definite proposal Answers to the questions on page 13. |. No, she's a ladies’ fashion buyer. ‘She has to travel a lot She first went there five years ago. ‘She's been back four times. Because she has to visit alot of people in a short time. ‘She has to fy 10 Texas four or five times a year. . She travelled by plane forty times last year. No, she doesn't; provided she lands as many times as she takes of 9. They can writ, telephone, telex messages and fax let- ters and documents. 410. No, she visits them the day after her arrival Answers to the questions on page 16. 1, He's asking hin some questions about bank accounts. 2. You speak to the bank manager. 3. You fil in a form. 44. No, you can open a bank account with as litle as £1. 5. You must wait a week 6. No, it credits it each month. 7. You get compound interest. 8, They ate the cheque serial number, the number of the branch and the number of the account. 9. You write it at the top. 10. You sign it at the bottom. Answers to the questions on page 19. 1. It was deregulated in 1985. 2. itis booming, 3. They are higher. 4, It was $20. 5. On the contrary, itis the fastest 6. The are moving to cheaper premises on the edge of the city.A COMPANY EXPANDS Contents Unit 02 ™ A Corporate Business. 1 Introduction. How a company's expansion is considerably helped by favourable circumstances. OO Fresh Frozen Foods Plc: Expansion. The expansion of a company between 1932 and 1960. © Dialogue: Rumours. A vegetable-canning company up for sale. = Business Executives. 0 An Executive Writes. Replying to a letter requesting information, catalogues, price-lists, brochures, etc. © An Executive Travels. An American executive flies to Europe. ™ Business Matters. 1 Some Questions and Answers about... Bank Accounts (2). Paying money into an account, bank statements and overdrafts © Numbers (2), ‘Adding up produetion figures. ™ Business News. © Japanese Activity in London. The business property market in London. 1 The Use of English in Business. 0 The Determiners (2). The correct use of some, any, no, and every compounds: somebody, anybody, nobody and everybody ete. 0 Glossary of the Key Business Words and Phrases Used. & Answers. 2526 A CORPORATE BUSINESS Introduction ** Subject: How a company's expansion is considerably helped by favourable circumstances. In the first unit we saw how the business that was started in 1904 by William Bryant led to the founding’ of W.H. Bryant & Co,, which soon after became WH. Bryant & Co. Ltd. In 1910 Bryant bought out a fish-canning business in Grimsby and three years later a meat-canning company in Scotland. In the meantime? he had converted his first factory from fruit bottling to fruit canning, At the outbreak of the 1914-18 War the Company consisted of WH. Bryant & Co. Ltd. and its two subsidiaries Grimsby Fish Canners Ltd. and The Perth Tinned Beet Company. During the War Bryant's companies received financial help from the government so that they could enlarge their quite small? factories and increase production. All three companies were considerably bigger by the end of the War. The post-war slump stopped further development and it was not until 1932 that it was possible to make any real progress towards expansion, it became a public company, bought a site in the fertile Vale of Evesham and built a large modem factory for canning fruit and vegetables. This factory went into production in the spring of 1934 Once again war, and with it a shortage of food, provided the means® by which the Company was able to expand. This time, however, it was not only in the UK but overseas as well. We shall now see how this happened. ‘ed to thé founding levou a fundagdo 2in the meantime lenguanto isso Squite small bem pequenas ‘it became tomou-se means meiosFresh Frozen Foods Pic. Expansion Subject: The expansion of the Company between 1932 and 1960. = ‘The New Factory at Evesham In 1932 William Bryant, the managing director of W.T. Bryant & Co. Lid., decided that the time had come for the Company io think about expanding, After a long period of consolidation it was now necessary to increase its production capacity in order to compete with other companies in a very competitive industry. The first step was to become a public company. This would provide the necessary capital to build a large modern factory in the Vale of Evesham, where the fruit and vegetables grown in that very fertile area would provide the factory with its raw material. In 1934, thirty years exactly after he had started his small fruit-bottling business, William Henry Bryant proudly ‘opened the Company's new fruit and vegetable canning factory just outside the town of Evesham. ‘Never try to run before you can walk because you will fall down’, Bryant was fond of saying’. He would then add, ‘but when you can walk, don't be afraid® to run’. Bryant had no intention of letting the new factory ‘run before it could walk’ and he carefully controlled the range of products being canned there. Later the range was extended and production stepped up. This resulted in a big increase in sales and prosperity for the Company. In 1935, when it was clear that the Evesham factory was going to be a success’, Bryant decided to open a warehouse on the outskirts of London. At the same time, and with an eye to the future", Bryant established the Head Office of the Company on the same site. In 1939, just as plans were being made to build another factory, the Second World War broke out. The Second World War Once again a war helped W.H. Bryant & Co. Ltd. to raise'' production to the maximum several times. Each time that maximum was reached, factories were enlarged, extensions were added, more machinery purchased and production stepped up. In the space of four years the Evesham factory doubled in size and the fish and meat canning factories in Grimsby and Perth ended the War considerably bigger than they had been at the star. It was difficult to import food and equally difficult to send food supplies to the armed forces overseas. The result was that the government decided to set up their own food-canning factories abroad. These would be nearer to the war zone and their products would be correspondingly easier to transport to the areas where they were required. Bryant was sent to set up factories in South and Central Africa and Australia. Companies were formed in partnership with local businessmen, who provided 50% of the capital. W.H. Bryant & Co. provided the other 50%. Bryant had no difficulty in getting the controlling interest at the end of the War. just outside Jogo que se sai Swas going to be a success ia ser um sucesso “was fond of saying gostava de dlzer ‘with an eye to the future de otho no futuro “don't be afraid no tenhe medo "to raise aumentar ri28 A CORPORATE BUSINESS Food rationing did not end with the end of the War and there continued to be a shortage of many essential foodstuffs in the UK. This helped the Company's overseas subsidiaries and products that previously went to supply the armed forces were now exported to Britain. In 1948, with three factories in the UK and four overseas, the Company was ready to begin another period ‘of expansion. A Period of Rapid Growth In 1948 William Henry Bryant, the founder and managing director of the Company decided to retire. In the three years since the end of the War the Company had not grown at all. Bryant called this period ‘post-war consolidation’, but others in the Company (and no company is without its critical element) called it stagnation and accused Bryant of being too cautious", Nevertheless’, it was a very prosperous company that Bryant handed over"s to his successor Charles Hastings. Hastings was only forty years old when he succeeded'® Bryant as managing director, but he was intelligent, imaginative and dynamic and was soon leading"® the Company to even greater” prosperity. By 1952 he had added'® three companies to the Group (it was now called the ‘Group’. The first of these was Jackson & Grant, a vegetable-canning firm in Ipswich. In 1950 he bought Northern Ireland Canning and two years later Handley Food Products. During the course of the next eight years he bought out no fewer than six companies. Those that did not respond to his high standards"? of efficiency did not remain in the Group long’. He sold them off. The position in 1960 was that the Group's profits had tripled since 1948 and it was now ready for what Hastings called ‘The Great Leap Forward”. A Solution for Perth and Grimsby As WH. Bryant & Co. was basically a company concerned with the canning of fruit and vegetables, the first two subsidiaries, Grimsby Fish Canners Ltd, bought in 1910 and the Perth Tinned Meat Company, taken over in 1913, complained’ that they were often forgotten. They remained with the company because they were still making a profi, but they felt?’ that any day they would 1944 1940 ‘ADDITIONS TO THE EVESHAM FACTORY DURING 1939-45 WARbe sold off to the highest bidder and W.H. Bryant would then concentrate on its main products of canned fruit and vegetables. Now, if ever they asked for more money in order to expand their installations, they were always told that there was no money available. Jock Macgregor, the managing director of Perth Tinned Beef had a plan: he would expand the company by increasing the turnover without increasing production. He would do this by importing comed beef from the Argentine and from Brazil. It was much cheaper to import than to manufacture in Scotland and it could be sold under the Perth label. He started in a small way but in three years he was importing almost as much as he was selling. Meanwhile, Joe Danvers, the managing director of Grimsby Fish Canners, decided that if Macgregor could do it so could he and he immediately set about negotiating to import canned fish from Norway. This policy was as successful as the imports of cored beef were for the Perth company and Grimsby prospered. Danvers and Macgregor would often smile at meetings when they heard of the occasional problems of others within the company. The term in partnership is used in the text (in the section entitled ‘Expansion’) to refer to how WH. Bryant invested in companies in Arica and Australia, with local businessmen owning 50% of the companies and WH, Bryant the other half If we examine the words partner and partner ship we find that the word partner refers, in gen- eral, to @ person who takes part or engages in a common activity with another. Outside busi- ness, @ partner can be a ‘dance partner’(par para dangar) or a player in the same team, a ‘tennis doubles partner’, or even a ‘partner in marriage’. If one speaks of a business partnership as a legal for of business organization, one refers to a contract existing between two or more per. sons whereby each contributes money, other assets or talents to a business and each shares in its profits and losses. In business usage a partner may also be called an associate. The partners can be either general partners (sécios solidérios) or limited partners (sécios cotistas) General partners have personal liability (responsa- bilidade pessoal) for the total liabilies of the partnership. Limited partners are liable only for the amount they invest in the company and are not involved in management decisions. A limited partnership is one in which limited partners exist. A partnership as a legal business form is distinct from a corporation since owners of a corporation all have limited liability, Partnerships are especially common as a form of organization for service professionals, such as accountants or lawyers, whereby each partner is entitled to a percentage of the com- pany’s profits. Technically speaking, there is a distinction bet- ween a partnership and a joint venture. A joint venture is an agreement between two or more parties to collaborate together on a specific pro- Ject. If another project is worked on together, a separate joint venture agreement usually exists, with its own specific terms of cooperation. The parties that work together on the project are referred to as joint venture partners. However, cooperation between two or more parties on a number of projects and under one agreement or contract is called a partnership. Joint ventures are a common form of cooperation between companies with complementary technologies that seek to create a product or service that uses the strengths of each company. "cautious cauteloso nevertheless entretanto "handed over entregou "succeeded sucedeu 'ewas soon leading logo estava levando even greater ainda maior added aorescentado ‘high standards altos niveis remain ... long ficou ... por muito tempo 2 The Great Leap Forward 0 Grande Salto Adiante 2930 A CORPORATE BUSINESS Key business words Comments on key structures Text Comprehension Answer the following questions: 1. Did the Company think about expansion atter a long or a short period of consolidation? 2 Was the fist step to become a public company of to ask the bank for a loan 3. Was the Vale of Evesham a poor area for fruit and vegetables or was it a very fertile area? Was the new factory in the town of Evesham or was it just outside? Did Bryant say ‘Never try to walk before you can run’ or ‘Never try to run before you can walk’? When was it clear that the new factory was going to be a success? Where did Bryant decide to open a warehouse? . Where was the Head Office of the Company established? Were the Grimsby and Perth factories smaller at the end of the War? 10. Where was Bryant sent to set up food-canning factories during the War? 11. How many factories did the Company have in 19487 12. Did Bryant call the first three years after the War a period of post-war ‘stagnation? 13. In what state was the Company when Bryant retired? 14, What sort of firm was Jackson & Grant? 15. What did the Perth and Grimsby companies import and from where? COND oe Notes on the Introduction bought comprou, adquiriu enlarge their factories aumentar suas fébricas increase production aumentar a producao stopped further development —impeaiu maior desenvolvimento Public company sociedade anénima site lugar, terreno went into production comegou a produzir shortage escassez * Note the use of so that they could: para que pudessem. Compare the following: They are enlarging the factory so that they can increase their production. They enlarged their factory so that they could increase production.Notes on the Text to think about expanding range of products production was stepped up warehouse more machinery purchased linha de produtos armazém to set up factories instalar fébricas in partnership em sociedade controlling interest controle acionéirio foodstuffs alimentos sold them off vendeu-as * Notice that prepositions are followed by the gerund and not the infinitive: --about expanding... ... of letting.. ‘* Note the expression pensar em se expanair Key business words a producao foi aumentada mais maquinas (foram) compradas Comments on key in getting... structures ‘Don't try to run before you can walk’, which means ndo ponha o carro na frente dos bois. A controlling interest refers to ownership of over 50% of a corporation's voting shares. How- ever, in many cases a much smaller percent- age of shares, owned by an individual or by a group of shareholders that vote together as a block (em bloco) can be controlling. This latter situation is often the case when shares are widely dispersed (distributed among a large number of shareholders) or when shares are not actively voted. The term public company or publicly held company, refers to a corporation whose shares are available to the public at large, usually through listing on an organized stock exchange (Bolsa de Valores) or through the Over-the- Counter Market (OTC), a secondary market (mercado secundério). OTC securities are not listed (cotados) or traded on an organized exchange but instead are traded through a telephone and computer network of dealers (rede telefénica © informatizada para nego- iar titulos em Bolsa). Public companies in the U.S. are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (S.€.C.). The opposite of a public company is a private company or privately held company, whose shares do not have a public market. These are sometimes called closed or closely held corporations. Their shares are held by a small number of people, usually family members or management (diretoria, administragaodaem- presa). Privatelyheld companies that decide to make their shares available to the general public ate said 10 ‘go public’. When a company first puts up its sharés for sale to the public it is calied an initial public offering (oferta publica inicial). Finally, public companies, as defined above, should not be confused with public ownership when the term really refers to government ow- nership. In such companies the government ‘owns the company and controls its manage- ment, When public ownership replaces private ownership it is called nationalization. When the opposite occurs, it is called privatization. 31A CORPORATE BUSINESS Dialogue Rumours ae Subject: A vegetable-canning company up for sale. One morning early in 1949 John Summers, the manager of W.H. Bryant's fruit el and vegetable canning factory in the Vale of Evesham, arrives at the London offices of the company for one of the periodic meetings of top executives. Going up in the lift! he meets Richard Devlin, the sales manager. Their conversation soon tums? to the latest rumours about Jackson & Grant ‘SUMMERS: Have you heard about the trouble at Jackson & Grant, Richard? DevuN: — Boardroom disagreements over company policy, you mean? Yes, I've heard rumours. SUMMERS: Is it true that the firm is up for sale? DevuN: It wouldn't surprise me. Apparently there are two factions, one led by the managing director and the other by the chairman. Each blames the other for the bad results last year. ‘Suwmers: How can they blame each other when it's the board that takes all the decisions? DevuN: According to® the chairman, the managing director is responsible for last year's disaster. How many have they got on the board? Eight. Apparently, whenever! they vote on something it's four against four and the chairman has to use his second vote, which he naturally gives to his own faction’. ‘SUMMERS: Which means® that the chairman is running the company. DevuN: Up to a point, yes. If it was a public company the shareholders would protest; but in the circumstances it's boardroom stalemate. SUMMERS: It's sad to see an old established firm in a situation like that. Perhaps selling is the only solution. Devin: | quite agree. SUMMERS: Do you think C.H. would be interested in buying them out? A good company like that would fit in perfectly with our plans for expan- sion Devun: That's true. Their factory is in Ipswich, which is ideal for us. We > would then have the Vale of Evesham in the west and Ipswich in the east. ‘going up in the lift subindo no elevacior tums muda according to ‘segundo, de acorao com “whenever sempre que Shis own (faction) sua propria laccdo) which means que significa‘SUMMERS: If C.H. bought them out, he would probably build an extension on Py to their factory for fruit canning. Do you think he would buy them ‘out? CH": ‘Morning, John’. ‘Morning, Richard’. I'm glad to see you are both ‘on time for the meeting, because I've got a very important announ- & cement to make. “CH: Charles Hastings, managing director ofthe company Comprehension of the Dialogue es Answer the following questions: 1, What has John Summers come to the London offices of the company for? 2. Where does he meet Richard Devlin? 3. Is Devlin the transport manager? 4, Who are the two leaders of the opposing factions in Jackson & Grant? 5. Who does the chairman say is responsible for the company’s bad results last year? 6. How many directors are there on the board of Jackson & Grant? 7. Who would protest if Jackson & Grant was a public company? 8. Is Jackson & Grant's factory in Manchester in the north of England? 9. What does Summers think C.H. would probably do if he bought out Jack- son & Grant? 10. Why is C.H. glad to see that Summers and Devlin are both on time for the meeting? Notes on the Dialogue boardroom disagreements desacordos entre os airetores Key business company policy politica da empresa words up for sale avenda the chairman O presidente do conselho: running the company dirigindo a empresa shareholders acionistas stalemate beco sem saida the only solution aunica solugéo * Note the use of hear (ouvir, ouvir dizer, ficar sabendo). Comments on key ‘structures: Have you heard about the trouble at Jackson & Grant? (Vocé ficou sabendo dos problemas na Jackson & Grant?) lve heard rumours. (Quvi boatos.) * Note the two forms in which each other is used: each blames the other... ... um culpa o outro they blame each other... ... culpam-se um ao outro, ‘Note that How many have they got on the board? refers to the number of directors on the board. * Note that in the event of a tie in the voting: 3-3 or 4-4 ete. the chairman has second vote. . 33BUSINESS EXECUTIVES An Executive Writes etter 1: A briet formal _acknow- ledgement with encios- ures. Subject: Replying to a letter requesting information, catalogues, pricelists, brochures, etc. The letter in reply to such a request need only be a brief acknowledgement printed on a card —as for example, in answer to a request from a member of the public for information. If the request comes from another company then LETTER 1 is all that is necessary to accompany the information sent. Note that if the information requested is not very bulky and is faxed then the first senten- ce would be slightly modified and ‘have pleasure in faxing herewith’ would re- place ‘have pleasure in enclosing’. LETTER 2 is more personal and shows more interest. T. GODFREY & SONS Appleton Place, London E14 OJH ‘Tel:0723153798 Fax:0723482776 Telex:3288756GODSONS June 1, 1990 Messrs Flash & Geer,PINKERTON & FARLEY LTD Weatherby Road, Tel: 0287 2334 The Brooks, Fax: 0287 1896 Lincoln L6S 7JF Telex: 4553479 Ref: JH/BS July 10, 1990 Dear Mr Chapman, We thank you for your letter of July 5 and have pleasure in enclosing our latest catalogue and price list, as requested. Tf you would like to see a denonstration of any of the models, please do not hesitate to let us know. We look forward to hearing from you. ‘Yours sincerely = (i 2 Sales Manager Explanatory Notes on the Letters Messrs Senhores Purchasing Dept. Departamento de Compras we have pleasure in enclosing femos 0 prazer de anexar do not hesitate to let us know nao hesite em nos avisar * Note that in LETTER 2 a reference is given Ref: JH/EG Jack Halfyard and his secretary Elizabeth Goodge * Note the use of Yours sincerely. Compare the following: Dear Sir(s) ours faithfully/Yours truly. Dear Mr Jones, “Yours sincerely. Dear Jack, . “Yours sincerely. o Letter 2: A slightly more personal acknowledgement, Key business words and phrases Comments on the lettersBUSINESS EXECUTIVES An Executive Travels [=] &) ‘Subject: An American executive flies to Europe. Edward J. Peterson is the Export Manager of Lexington Computers Iné., ‘one of the many large computer companies in the United States. The company is based in Baltimore, Maryland, and it is from there that Ed Peterson leaves, usually about twice a month’, to fly abroad on business. Sometimes the trips? are ‘short’ to Canada or South America~ but very often they are to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and even to Australia and Asia. Today, as usual, Ed's wife drove him® to the airport, where he took a plane to New York to pick up an international flight to Europe. When he flies to London, as on this trip, he always flies Concorde. In this way he saves valuable time, which for a busy executive is all-important. Ed's plane touched down® at London's Heathrow Airport at 18.10. After passing through passport control, he collected his baggage: one small suitcase containing his personal belongings® and one slightly larger case containing brochures, leaflets, booklets and information in general about his company's products. As Ed nad nothing to declare, he went through the ‘Nothing-o-Declare’ gate at the customs. No-one stopped him, no-one asked him any questions or even looked at him suspiciously. Five minutes later he was in a taxi on his way to? the centre of London, where he had booked a hotel. On arriving at London Airport a businessman has many choices® of transport to take him to his final destination. If it is very far, he will probably take another plane to Bristol, Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow or any large city in the UK. Alternatively he can travel by road, taking an inter-city coach? direct from Heathrow. If he prefers to be more independent, he can rent a car from one of the many rent-a-car firms at London Airport and within half an hour be driving along a toll-free British motorway. He can also take the tube —the London underground train— direct to one of the many large railway stations, from where he can take a train to any part of the country’®. As Ed Peterson was going to a hotel in the West End of London, however, he opted to take a taxi. * about twice a month trips Sdrove him ‘in this way Stouch down (land) cerca de duas vezes por més Spersonal belongings _objotos pessoais viagenss 7on his way to a.caminho de levou-0 de carro ®many choices varias alterativas deste modo, assim coach Onibus aterrissar ‘any part of the country qualquer parte do paisText Comprehension ‘Answer the following questions: Where is his company based? . Did he go to the airport by taxi this morning? ). Where is Ed Peterson's hotel? ). Did he go to the hotel by tube? Semnogaens Explanatory Notes on the Text . Is Edward Peterson the Staff Manager at Lexington Computers Inc.? How does he save valuable time when flying to London? What time did his Concorde touch down at Heathrow? . Why did he go through the ‘Nothing-to-Declare’ gate? . Do motorists pay a toll on British motorways or are they free? What is the London underground train system called? export manager gerente de exportacao Key business Inc. (Incorporated) Sociedade Anénima words and phrases based in sediada em on business a negécios to pick up an international flight pegar um véo internacional leaflets folhetos booklets livrinhos book a hotel fazer reserva num hotel! rent-a-car firm locadora de automéveis toll-free motorways, (U.S.) toll-free estradas sem pedagio highways * Notice the use of as in the following sentence and compare it with because. ‘As he had nothing to declare, he went through the Nothing-to-Declare gate. Comments on key - structures He went through the Nothing-to-Declare gate because he had nothing to declare. * Notice the proposition/gerund combination on arriving (ao chegar) and compare with on signing (ao assinar), on receiving (ao receber) etc. The term toll-free motorways used in the UK. is toll-free highways in the U.S. However, several other words also refer to the equivalent of Portuguese estradas sem pediigio. In California, toll-free highways are called freeways. Tol-tree highways that cross the country or run between different states are called interstate highways or ‘interstates’ for short. Highways that run mainly through parks and woodland are called parkways. Most U.S. highways are toll-free. Those that do charge tolls tend to be located in the northeastern part of the country (New England and Mid-Atlantic states). An old term for a toll road is turnpike (literally meaning a barrier across a road) and that word is often used. 738 BUSINESS MATTERS Some Questions and Answers about... Bank Accounts (2) *% ‘Subject: Paying money into an account, bank statements and overdrafts. Brian Henderson's conversation with his friend Claude Williams on the subject of bank accounts, the beginning of which appeared in Unit 1, now continues. BRIAN’ ‘CLAUDE: BRIAN: Ciaune: BRIAN: ‘CLaupe: BRIAN: Ciauoe: BRIAN: CLAUDE: BRIAN’ Cuaube: BRIAN: ‘CLaune: BRIAN’ Clauoe: | know all about writing cheques and how to draw money out, but how do | put money in? That is very simple; banks are always pleased to receive their cus- tomers’ money. When you open an account at a bank you receive a cheque book and also a paying-in book. Look, this is a paying-in book. What happens if you want to pay some money into your account and you haven't got your paying-in book with you, or you've lost it? Then you just fill in a paying-in slip. You'll find plenty’ of them in the bank, Is it easy to fill in a paying-in slip? There is nothing easier. I'll show you. First you write the date here on the left. Then you fill in the section on the right showing? exactly what you are paying in. Exactly what I'm paying in? Yes. Imagine that you you want to pay in £27.75 and that some of it is in cheques and some in cash. You've got two cheques: one for £12.10 and one for let's say £6.50. You enter? these here in the ‘cheques etc.’ section. What's the ‘etcetera’ for? Don't interrupt. Then you write in the total. In this case it's £18.60. Then here you write the details of the cash you are paying in: one £5 note, three £1 notes and 15 pence in silver coins. You add this up and write the total here. Then if you've got a postal order for £1, for example, you write it here. You then put the total of everything you've paid in here. ‘And then you collapse exhausted!* How do you know how much money you've got in your account? You receive a statement every month. It lists® every transaction: what you have paid in and drawn out. Then it gives you the balance — a credit balance or a debit balance. What happens if you write a cheque for £30 and you've only got £20 in your account? |t depends. It depends on what? It depends on whether or not you are a good customer, for example. Normally the bank willl honour the cheque if it's not a large sum.BRIAN: What's honour? C.aune: It means the bank will pay the amount written on the cheque. If the bank honours a cheque for £30 and you have only £20 in your ac- count, then instead of being £20 in credit you are £10 in debit, £10 in the red, as we say. You will now have to pay interest on this am- ‘ount until you are in credit again. BRIAN: Its a temptation to write a cheque for more than you have in your account if you know the bank will pay. CLAUDE: That's true. The best thing to do if you think that you are going to need more money than you've got in your account is to go and speak to the manager and ask for an overdraft. Ask me what an overdraft is BRIAN: What's an overdraft? Ciaupe: An overdraft is a special arrangement that you have for the bank to honour your cheques up to an agreed amount when you have no money in your account. BRIAN: Could you give me an example? C1auve: Yes. Imagine that you are always a little short of money during the last week of every month. BRIAN: I's not necessary to imagine it; i's true. Laude: Well, you go to your bank manager and explain the situation and he will ask you how much you need to cover possible end of month expenses. BRIAN: In my case probably about £60 to £80. CLAUDE: Then he would probably give you an overdratt facility of £100 to cover that amount. BRIAN: Why have | never had a bank account? CLauve: That's a good question. ‘plenty muitos showing mostrando ou enter vooé escreve S lists /ou collapse exhausted voce cai exausto registra PAYING-IN BOOK. 3940 BUSINESS MATTERS Key business words Comments on key structures Dialogue Comprehension Answer the following questions: 1. Does Brian now want to know how to take money out of the bank or how to put it in? 2. What do you use to pay money into your account if you haven't got a paying-in book? . Where do you write the date on the paying-in slip? }. Claude mentions two cheques in his example. The value of the first is £12.10, what is the valve of the second? . What does a customer receive from the bank every month? What is the opposite of a credit balance? What is the other expression for ‘£10 in debit’? Does Brian think that it is a temptation to write a cheque for the same amount as you have got in the bank? . Does ‘to be short of money’ mean that you have too much or not enough? 10. How many bank accounts has Brian had? ae © PND Explanatory Notes on the Dialogue creditar, depositar (na conta) pay money in (pay in money) bank statement extrato bancario overdraft saque a descoberto cheque book talo de cheques paying-in slip, (U.S.) deposit slip formulério de depésito notes notas silver coins ‘moedas de prata postal order ‘ordem de pagamento por correio transaction transagao credit/debit balance ssaldo credor/devedor honour a cheque honrar (pagar) um cheque ‘special arrangement acordo especial agreed amount valor combinado expenses despesas * Notice that a verto may change in translation: to be being translated as ter (to have), for example. Compare the following: instead of being £20 in credit... ‘em vez de ter um saldo credor de £20... In the United States, the word facility usually refers to a revolving line of credit (linha de crédito permanente) in which the borrower (tomador) can borrow (tomar emprestado) up to a pre-established amount of money at any given time (dispor de qualquer quantia dentro do limite e do prazo estabelecidos anterior- mente). When the borrower repays (devolve) part or all of the money borrowed, he can borrow money again up to the maximum agreed amount, without requesting new authorization to do so. Credit facilities to per- sons or companies are usually reviewed by banks on an annual basis. At that time the bank examines the correct use of the line and may lower or raise the facility amount or interest rate. The bank may also ask that the line be repaid in full periodically (once a year, etc.).Dialogue Numbers (2) ‘Subject: Adding up production figures. . John Weston needs some production figures for a report he is writing. As he finds the figures he needs, he calls them out! and his colleague George Thomp- son marks them on his pocket calculator. JOHN: Have you got your calculator handy’, George? GEORGE: Yes, its here on the desk. Why? JoHN: Could you add up these production figures for me? GEORGE: Yes, of course. JoxN: As soon as I find each one, I'll call it out and you mark it on the calculator. Are you ready? Georce: I'm always ready. JoHN: Always ready for a coffee, you mean. Right, here we are. The first one is 10,345 tons. Georce: 10..3..4..5. Jou: Then 12,658 tons. GEORGE: 12... 6..5... 8 Right. JouN: The next one is 14,297 tons. GEORGE: 14... 2... 9... 7. Yes. JOHN: Now 16,356, no, sorry, 16,366 tons. GeorGe: 16..3..6...6. JOHN: Now 12,482 tons. GEORGE: 12.4... 8 .. 2. That a bit low’, What happened? JOHN: There was a strike that month. Now 18,385 tons. Georce: 18...3...8.. 5. A good month. Lots of overtime, JOHN: Yes. Now the last one: 17,412 tons. GEORGE: 17... 4 .. 1 2. Would you like the total? JOHN: Please. GEORGE: 91,600. JOHN: Thank you. GEORGE: Not at all’ JOHN: Shall we go for a coffee?® GEORGE: Good idea. ‘call out repetir om voz alta ‘a bit low ‘meio, um pouco bairo *handy amao Snot at all de nada Are you ready? Pronto? Shall we go for a cottee? Vamos tomar um café? Explanatory Notes on the Dialogue add up — somar Key business report —_relatério words desk = mesa de trabalho, escrivaninha tons toneladas ‘overtime horas extras a42 BUSINESS NEWS Japanese Activity in London ee a Subject: The business property market in London. A briet reference is made to the Japanese in an article taken from ‘The Economist’ (see BUSINESS ENGLISH Unit 1 page 18) about the high prices being paid for commercial property in Madrid. The article states! that although Japanese trading firms like C. Itoh have been looking around®, they have restricted? their investments in Madrid to joint ventures. Apparently they are doing more than ‘just looking around’ in London. Jones Lang Wootton, the British firm of surveyors mentioned in the article, have recently announced three property deals in London in which they acted as advisers‘ in the negotiations. The buyers were Japanese. Bush House, the building from which the BBC broadcast® their radio programmes throughout the world on the BBC World Service, was sold for a figure in excess of £120 m ($192m), The six tenants, of whom the BBC is one, who share® the building's 350,000 square feet (about 40,000 square metres) of floor space now pay rent to the Japanese company Kato Kagaku. If 40,000 square metres seems large, then 50,000 square metres is substantially larger. That is the floor area of Britannic House West (the ‘West’ was added when the headquarters of British Petroleum was transferred to their new Britannic House — a City skyscraper — in 1967) which has been bought by EIE International Corporation of Japan for an undisclosed sum. Yet another Japanese investment” is the Bishopsgate Complex, also in the City and not far from Britannic House West. This property is a modest 210,000 square feet (23,000 square metres) in area. On this occasion the buyers were Kumagai Gumi UK Lid. These three prime commercial properties were the ones in which Jones Lang Wootton intervened. How many more business properties are there that the Japanese have negotiated through other surveyors? ‘states atiema looking around ‘dando uma olhada, procurando restricted restringido, lmitado “advisers consultores Sbroadcast irradia share ppartiham, também usam "yet another ... investment mais um investimentoIN EXCESS OF £120,000,000 INVESTMENT ACQUISITION THE BISHOPSGATE COMPLEX INVESTMENT/ACQUISITION BISHOPSGATE BUSH HOUSE, ALDWYCH ee NE LONDON EC3 LONDON WC2 210,000 sq ft Offices. Let to 350,000 sqft Offices. Let to six |_| 444,000 sq ft Ofices leased buck to Standard Chartered Bank tenants including the British British Petroleum PLC Broadcasting Corporation ACQUIRED BY EIE ADVeeD ee encaes peer Na INTERNATIONAL KUMAGAI GUMI UK LTD cOLTD CORPORATION, OF JAPAN . THE UNDERSIGNED WAS THE THE UNDERSIGNED JONES LANG WOOTTON REALESTATE VALUER TO THE VALUED THE PROPERTY FOR FINANCIERS OF THE THE PURCHASER TRANSACTION JONES LANG WOOTTON JONES LANG WOOTTON Comprehension of the Text Answer the following questions: ‘Are the Japanese buying property in London or just looking round? In what capacity did Jones Lang Wooton act in the negotiations for the pur- chase of the properties? . Was Bush House sold for a figure below £120m? |. What is the floor area of Bush House? How many square metres larger than Bush House is Britannic House West? . What sort of building is the new Britannic House? Paso Explanatory Notes on the Text deals negécios, transagoes figure cifra, valor, numero headquarters sede, matriz the City zona bancaria e comercial de Londres undisclosed sum valor nao revelado prime commercial iméveis comerciais em areas nobres properties let, (U.S.) rent lugar the undersigned —_ os abaixo assinados real estate valuer avaliador de imoveis leased back arrendado ao proprietario anterior purchaser ‘comprador ® Notice the repeated use of the passive voice reference is made _referéncia é feita the building was sold 0 prédio foi vendicio ~. was added foi acrescentado has been bought tem sido comprado -.are being paid estao sendo pagos Key business words Comments on key structures 43,44 THE USE OF ENGLISH IN BUSINESS The Determiners (2) * some and any ‘compounds no compounds: Subject: The correct use of the some, any, no, and every compounds: some- body, anybody, nobody, and everybody etc. We use some affirmatively: We need someone (to be) on the stand. We need something to show on the stand. We need somewhere to put a table on the stand. We use any interrogatively: Do you need anyone (to be) on the stand? Do you need anything to show on the stand? Do you need anywhere to put the table on the stand? Note that some may be used interrogatively if an affirmative answer is anticip- ated: Do you need someone on the stand? Naturally. Do you need something to show on the stand? Of course. Do you need somewhere to put the table? Yes, we do. We use any negatively in combination with not or another negative, like for example never: We don't need anyone special on the stand. We don't need anything special on the stand. We don't need anvwhere snecial for the table Do you need anyone on the stand? These are the equivalent of the not ... any compounds. Compare the follow- ing Where has the Staff Manager gone? Nowhere. He hasn't gone anywhere. Who has he interviewed? No-one. He hasn't interviewed anyone. What has he decided? ‘Nothing. He hasn't decided anything. Note that being longer the not ... any sentence is more emphatic. Note that only the no compounds can be used for a negative subject:Nothing is cheap nowadays. Nobody wants to work nowadays. Nowhere is free from pollution nowadays. When any has the meaning of being unrestricted, completely free, then it may unrestricted any be used affirmatively, interrogatively and negatively (with a negative adverb): compounds They can park their trucks anywhere. Can they park their trucks anywhere? They can't park their trucks anywhere. Note that if an any compound is used without a negative, it becomes an un- restricted affirmative. Compare the following: Where can they park? Nowhere. (There is no space) Anywhere. (There's a lot of space) Who can | see? Nobody. (They are all busy) Anybody. (They are all free) What can we take? Nothing. (There is no stock) Anything. (Stocks are high) These express the unlimited; all, without exception, every compounds The new manager has spoken to everyone. (All the people) The new manager has seen everything. (All the things) The new manager has been everywhere. (Alll the places) Note that we do not say | have done all or | have spoken to all but | have done everything and | have spoken to everyone. We do use alll in phrases, however: | have done all the photocopies and | have spoken to all the new secretaries. The adverb else is used to suggest an alternative or an addition. Compare the else following proposals for an alternative person, place or thing: If Mr Jones is out, I'll speak to someone else. If the car park is full, ll park somewhere else. If this model is out of stock, I'll take something else. Now compare the use of else with the meaning of an additional person, place or thing: e's spoken to the manager and to someone else He's gone to a meeting and somewhere else. He's bought a typewriter and something else.THE USE OF ENGLISH IN BUSINESS In the following examples else is used with any, not ... any, no and every compounds: Did you see anyone else? _No, there was no-one else to see. No, there wasn't anyone else to see. Did you go anywhere else? No, there was nowhere else to go. No, there wasn't anywhere else to go. Did you buy anything else? No, there was nothing else to buy. No, there wasn't anything else to buy. | saw Smith because everyone else was busy. | stopped at the Royal Hotel because everywhere else was full | bought this model because everything else was too expensive. —Did you see anyone else? —No, there was no-one else to see no and none no is the equivalent of not ... any as an adjective and none is the equivalent of not ... any as a pronoun. Compare the following: How much free space is there? There isn't any free space. There isn't any. There is no free space. There's none. How many desks are there? There aren't any desks. There aren't any. There are no desks. There are none. Note the difference between no-one and none, which are often confused: Who will you see? No-one How many will you see? None. Note the use of no to form a negative subject. Compare the following: We haven't received any orders. No orders have been received. We haven't bought any material, No material has been bought. —How much free space there? —There isn’t anyGlossary of the Key Business Words and Phrases Used balance bank note bank statement boardroom booking (to book) (see hotel) booklet borrower chairman closure ‘company policy credit/debit balance customs. desk directors, executives facility, revolving line of credit (U.S) figure (sum) headquarters hotel booking (to book) Incorporated (Inc.) initial public offering leaflet let listed losses motorway, (U.S.) highway network overdraft overtime partnership postal order prime commerci property public company range rent-a-car firm report shareholders shortage site statement (see bank) stock, (U.S. inventary stock’ exchange sum (see figure) toll tons warehouse aldo nota (dinheiro) extrato bancério sala da dretoria lirinho, foineto tomador ‘presidente do conselho echamento altica da empresa ‘sald credor/devedor alfandega ‘mesa de trabalho, escrivaninha dhretores executivos despasas gerente de exportagao linha ae crédito (permanente) vaior, ciffa sede, mati reserva de hotel (reservar) Sociedade Anénima (nos EUA) oferta puiblica incial fotheto lugar cotado erdas, prejuizos estrada rede saque a descoberto horas extras parceria, sociedade ‘ordem de pagamento ‘por correio imével comercial em area nobre sociedade andnima gamma, linha locadora de automéveis relatério acionistas escasser, défcit lugar, terreno estoque ‘balsa de valores pecigio fonelagas armazém Phrasal Verbs Used to add up somar to break out eclodir to buy out adquinr a companhia) toda to call out repetir em voz alta to fit in encaixar to hand over entregar to pay in depostar, creottar to pick up apanhar, pegar to pull out sacar, sar to sell off, vender to set up estabelecer, montar to step up aumentar to touch down aterrissar to write in preencher, escrever aANSWERS: Answers to the questions on page 30. 1. It thought about expansion after a long period of consol- idation. 2. It was to become a public company. 3. twas a very fertile area, 4, It was just outside. 5, He said ‘Never try to run before you can walk’ 6. It was clear that the factory was going to be a success in, 1935. 7. He decided to open a warehouse on the outskits of Lon: don. &. It was established on the same site as the warehouse, 9, No, they were considerably bigger. 10. He was sent to South and Central Africa and Australia, 11, It had seven: three in the UK and four overseas. 12. No, he called them a period of post-war consolidation, 18. It was very prosperous. 14, It was a vegelable-canning firm. 16, Perth imported cored beef from the Argentine and Brazil, ‘and Grimsby imported canned fish from Norway. Answers to the questions on page 33. 1. He has come for one of the periodic meetings of the top executives. 2, He meets him going up in the lit. 3. No, he is the sales manager. 4, They are the chairman and the managing director. 5, He says the managing director is responsible, 6 There are eight. 7. The shareholders would. 8. No, its in Ipswich in the east of England. 9. He thinks he would probably build an extension on to their factory for fuit canning. 10. Because he's got a very important announcement to make. Answers to the questions on page 37. 1. No, he is the Export Manager. 2. Ibis based in Baltimore, Maryland, 3. No, his wife drove him to the aipor. 4. He saves valuable time by tlving Concorde, 55. It touched down at 18.10 6. He went through the Nothing-to-Deciare gate because he had nothing to declare, 7. They are free. 8. tis called the Tube. 9. tis in the West End of London. 10. No, he went by taxi Answers to the questions on page 40. 1, He wants to know how to put it in. 2. You use a paying-in slip. 3. You wrte it on the lef. 4, The value of the second is £6.50. 5. He receives a statement. 6. The opposite of a credit balance is a debit balance. 7. The other expression is '£10 in the red’ 8, No, he thinks itis a temptation to write a cheque for more than you have got in the bank. 9, it means you have not enough. 10. He hasn't had any. Answers to the questions on page 43. 1. They are buying propery 2, They acted in the capacity of advisers. 3. No, it was sold for a figure in excess of £120m. 4, Its 350,000 square feet. 5. itis 10,000 square metres larger. 6. Itis a skyscraper.EXERCISES 02 After having carefully studied the texts and dialogues in the main section of the course, do the tests and exercises on the following pages. When these have been done, turn to pages 7 and 8 and check with the answers. In this way you will know if the material in the main section has been assimilated. Assimilation Test 1 Fill in the spaces with the correct word. The number of letters in each word is indicated by the num- ber of dots. ‘A. During the War Bryant's companies received _. could _. _ their quite small factories and considerably _____ by the end of the War. The post-war it was not until 1932 that it was possible to make any real towards expansion. It became a _. company, bought a site in the fertile Vale of Evesham and _____ a large modern factory for _ _ fruit and vegetables. This factory ____ into production in the spring of 1934, help from the government so that they production. All three companies were stopped further development and B. On arriving __ London's Heathrow Airport a businessman has many _______ of transport to ____ him to his final destination. If it is very far, he will probably take another _____ to Bristol, Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow or any other large ____ in the UK. Alternatively he can _ by road, taking an inter-..._ coach direct from Heathrow. If he prefers to be more independent, he can rent a car ____ one of the many rent-a-car firms at London's Heathrow Airport and. within half an hour be _ along a toll-ree British motorway. He can also ____ the tube — the London __ train — direct to one of the many large railway statins. C. Bush House, the _. _ from which the BBC broadcast their radio programmes __ the world on the BBC World Service, was sold for a _____ in excess of £120m ($192m). The six tenants, of ____ the BBC is one, who _____ the building's 350,000 square ____ (about 40,000 ‘square metres) of _____ space now pay ____ to the Japanese company Kato Kagaku. If 40,000 ‘square metres seems large, then 50,000 square metres is _. _... larger. That is the _---- are of Britannic House West. Now check your answers with the original texts and see how many of the thirly spaces you have filled correctly.Assimilation Test 2 There are eleven mistakes in the following dialogue. The first mistake has already been corrected. Now see if you can find and correct the other ten mistakes. Subject: A vegetable-canning company up for sale. , zh af ig company up + One morning early in 1949 John Summers, the manager of W.H. Bryant's fruit and vegetable casherr 2 factory in the Vale of Evesham, arrives at the London offices of the company for one of the periodic 3 meetings of top executives. Waking up in the lift he meets Richard Deviin, the tales manager. Their 4 conversation soon turns to the latest rumours about Jackson & Grant. s SUMMERS: Have you heard about the trouble at Jackson & Grant, Richard? 6 DEVIN: Boardroom disagreements over company policy, you mean? Yes, I've heard rumours. > SUMMERS: Is it true that the firm is up for sale? *» DEVUN: It wouldn't surprise me. Apparently there are two factions, one bled by the managing ° director and the other by the chairman. Each blames the other for the mad results last © year. n SUMMERS: How can they blame each other when it's the board that takes all the decisions? 2 DEVUN: According to the chairman, the managing director is responsible for last year's disaster. »s SUMMERS: How many have they got on the board? 1 DEVUN: Eight. Apparently, whenever they vote on something it's four against four and the chair- man has to use his second vote, which he happily gives to his own faction. ss SUMMERS: Which means that the chairman is running the company. w DevuN: Up toa point, yes. If it was a public company the shareholders would protest; but in the ‘ circumstances it's boardroom stalecake. 1» SUMMERS: It's sad to see an old established firm in a situation like that. Perhaps crying is the only » solution 2 DEVUN: — I quite agree. SUMMERS: Do you think C.H. would be interested in buying them out? A good company like that = would fit in perfectly with our plans for expansion. 2+ DEVUN: That's true. Their factory is in Ipswich, which is ideal for us. We would then have the Vale * ‘of Evesham in the worst and Ipswich in the best. 2 SUMMERS: If C.H. bought them out, he would probably build an expansion on to their factory for fruit ” canning. Do you think he would buy them? 2 CH": "Morning, John’. ‘Morning, Richard’. I'm glad to see you are both on time, because I've a got a very important announcement to make. "CH: Charles Hastings, managing director of the company,Translation Test Translate the following sentences into English: 1. Eles ampliaram suas fébricas e aumentaram a producao. 2. Trés anos depois do fim da guerra, a empresa ndo havia crescido nem um pouco. 3. Vocé leu 0 relat6rio sobre a escassez de matérias-primas? 4, Agradecemos sua carta de 5 de julho e temos o prazer de anexar nosso catélogo e lista de precos. 5. Chegando ao Aeroporto de Heathrow em Londres, um empresério pode alugar um carro para viajar pelo pais. 6. Vocé recebe um extrato todo més. 7. Some todas as despesas e ponha o total aqui. 8. Onovo gerente falou com todos do nosso escritério. 9. Os ucros da empresa dobraram em dois anos. 10. Eles decidiram abrir um armazém num subuirbio de Londres. 11. Esperamos noticias suas. 12. Voeé ficou sabendo dos novos aumentos de prego? 13. Quem é responsdvel pela administragao da companhia? 14, Um culpa 0 outro pelos maus resultados do ano passado. 15. Se quiser ver nossos tltimos modelos, no deixe de nos avisar.Letter-writing Test Write out the letters below using the information given for each one. 1, We thank/letter/May 16/pleasure/enclosing/copy/our new brochure/'WINTER TRAVEL. Dear .. 2. We thank/letter/21 October/pleasure/enclosing/latest catalogue/pricelist/requested. I/ike/see/our ew model in action/please/not hesitate/let know. We look Dear .. 3. We thank/tax/14 June/pleasure/sending/samples requested. We look Dear 4, We thank/letter/January 25/pleasure/enclosing/fifteen copies/latest illustrated brochure/price list. We look Dear 5, We thank/fax/24 February/pleasure/taxing you/latest pricelist. you/like/more copies/new catalo- gue/please/not hesitate/let/know. We look Dear ...Language Exercises A. 1. We need someone to help in the Research Department. There isn’t anyone really suitable at the moment. 2. We need/something/put on/stand/Texiile Fair. ‘There isn't anything ..... a somewhere/park/new truck ... ssomebody/check/accounts .. something/show/Exhibition/next month. ~omunsSOMewhere/puv/extra Christmas stock. B. 1. Is there anyone here that can type? —_No; absolutely no-one. 2. anything/be pul/Exhibition? 8. smnnanywhere/be used for stock? 4, anybody/speak Russian? 5. anywhere/be used for parking? 6 anything/be put/stand? C. 1. Where can we hold the meeting? You can hold it anywhere you like. 2. Who/appoint/as chairman? 3. What/take/for the Exhibition? 4. Where/putthis typewriter? — 5. Who/send/Textile Fair? 6. What/put/stand? D. 1. Who have they dismissed here? No-one. What about at the factory? They haven't dismissed anyone, there either. 2. What/Board/decide? Committee? 3. Where/Staft Manager/go? his secretary?4, How many letters/you/write? Smith? 5, Who/you/telephone/today? Johnson? 6. How much paper/you/order? seve SMI? 7. What/Manager/comment? rectors? 8. Where/Jones/park? fou? . 1. Have you worked at the Manchester branch? No; but I've worked everywhere else. .Smith/see/computer? .Manager/speak/you? .they/move/machines? .you/write/Chairman? PAE ON .they/puVfire-extinguishers/otfices?cannon canning mad bad ” worst weet, 8 waking going = happily naturally (8) best last a tales sales stalecake stalemate () expansion extension bled ted crying selling 8) 1. They enlarged therr factories and increased production 2. In the three years since the end of the war the company had no! grown at all, 3, Have you read the report on the shortage of raw materials? 4. We thank you for your letter of § July and we have pleasure in enclosing our catalogue and price list 5. On arriving at London's Heathrow Airport a businessman can rent a car to travel about the country. 6. You receive a statement every month 7. Add up all the expenses and put the tolal here. 8. The new manager has spoken to everybody in our office. 9. The company’s profits had doubled in two years. 10. They decided to open a warehouse in the outskirts of London, 11. We look forward 1o hearing from you. 12, Have you heard about the new price increases? 18. Who is responsible for running the company? 14, Each (one) blames the other for last year’s bad results. 15. If you would like 0 see our latest models, please do no! hesitate to let us know. 1. Dear Sirs, We thank you for your letler of May 16 and have pleasure in enclosing a copy of our new brochure Winter Travel: Yours faithfully, 2. Dear Sir, ‘We thank you for your letter of 21 October and have pleasure in enclosing our latest catalogue and price lis, as requested. it you would lke 10 See our new model in action, please do not hesitate fo let us know. We look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, 3. Dear Sirs, We thank you for your fax of 14 June and have pleasure in sending the samples requested. We look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, 4, Dear Sit, We thank you for your letier of January 25 and have pleasure in enclosing fifteen copies of our latest ilustrated brochure and pricelist We look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithiully, 5. Dear Sir, We thank you for your fax of 24 February and have pleasure in faxing you our latest pricelist. you would like more copies of our new catalogue, please do not hesitate to let us know. We look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully,Language Exercises ‘A.1. We need someone to help in the Research Department. ‘There isn't anyone really suitable at the moment 2, We need something to put on the stand at the Textile Fair. ‘There isn't anything really suitable at the moment. 3. We need somewhere to park the new truck. ‘There isn't anywhere really suitable at the moment. 4, We need somebody to check the accounts. ‘There isn't anybody really suitable at the moment ‘5, We need something to show at the Exhibition next month ‘There isn't anything really suitable at the moment. 6 We need somewhere fo put the extra Christmas stock There isn't anywhere really suitable at the moment B. 1. Is there anyone here that can type? ‘No; absolutely no-one. 2. Is there anything here that can be put in the Exhibition? No; absolutely nothing. 3. Is there anywhere here that can be used for stock? No; absolutely nowhere, 4, Is there anybody here that can speak Russian. No} absolutely nobody, 6. Is there anywhere here that can be used for parking? No; absolutely nowhere. 6. Is there anything here that can be put on the stand? No, absolutely nothing. ©. 1. Where can we hold the meeting? You can hold it anywhere you tke. 2. Who can we appoint as chaitman? You can appoint anyone you like. 3 What can we take for the Exhibition? You can take anything you like. 4, Where can we put this typewriter? You can put it anywhere you like '5. Who can we send to the Textile Fair? You can send anyone you lke. 66. What can we put on the stand? You can put on anything you like? D. 1. Who have they dismissed here? No-one. What about at the factory? They haven't dismissed anyone there, ether. 2, What have the Board decided? Nothing, What about the Committee? ‘They haven't decided anything, either, ‘3, Where has the Staff Manager gone? Nowhere. What about his secretary? She hasn't gone anywhere, either. 4, How many lelers have you writen? None, What about Smith? He hasn't writen any, ether. 5. Who have you telephoned today? No-one. What about Johnson? He hasn't telephoned anyone, either. 6 How much paper have you ordered? None What about Smith? He hasn't ordered any, either What has the Manager commented? Nothing What about the Directors? They haven't commented anything, either 8 Where has Jones parked Nowhere, What about you? _ I haven't parked anywhere, either. E. 1. Have you worked at the Manchester branch? No, but ve worked everywhere else. 2, Has Smith seen the computer? No, but he's seen everything else. ‘3, Has the Manager spoken to you? 'No, but he's spoken to everyone else. 4, Have they moved the machines? No, but they've moved everything else. 5. Have you writen to the Chairman? ‘No, but I've written to everyone else. 6. Have they put ire extinguishers in the offices? No, but they've put them everywhere else.