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Title: Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the Seventeenth Cent
ury, Vol. I
Author: Evliya elebi
Translator: Joseph Hammer-Purgstall
Release Date: November 25, 2016 [EBook #53597]
Language: English
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NARRATIVE OF TRAVELS
IN
EUROPE, ASIA, AND AFRICA,
IN
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY,
BY
EVLIY EFEND.
TRANSLATED FROM THE TURKISH
BY

THE RITTER JOSEPH VON HAMMER,

F.M R.A.S, &c. &c. &c.
[Illustration: Colophon]
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE ORIENTAL TRANSLATION FUND
OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND;
SOLD BY
PARBURY, ALLEN, & Co., LEADENHALL STREET.
M.DCCC.XXXIV.

LONDON:
Printed by J. L. COX and SON, 75, Great Queen Street,
Lincolns-Inn Fields.

ADVERTISEMENT.
The narrative of an Asiatic traveller, enthusiastically fond of seeing
foreign countries, and unwearied in his investigation of their history,
condition, and institutions, is in itself so great a singularity, and
so deserving of attention, that no apology seems requisite for thus
presenting Evliy Efend in an English dress: and the name of the
Ritter von Hammer, by whom this work was abridged and translated, is
a sufficient voucher for its intrinsic merit and the accuracy of the
version.
It is requisite to inform the reader, that throughout the work the
Asiatic words and proper names are spelt according to the system of
orthography adopted by Sir William Jones and Sir Charles Wilkins, which
gives to the consonants the sound they have in our own, but to the
vowels that which they have in the Italian and German languages; and
by assigning to each Arabic character its appropriate Roman letter,
enables the Oriental student to transfer the word at once from one mode
of writing to the other.
_London, 20th Jan. 1834._

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE AUTHOR.

Evliy, the son of Dervsh Mohammed, chief of the goldsmiths of
Constantinople, was born in the reign of Sultn Ahmed I., on the 10th
of Moharrem 1020 (A.D. 1611). He records the building of the mosque
of Sultn Ahmed, which was begun when he was six years old, and the
gate of which was executed under the superintendance of his father,
who in his youth had been standard-bearer to Sultn Sulemn. His

grandfather was standard-bearer at the conquest of Constantinople, by

Sultn Mohammed, on which occasion the house within the _Un-kapn_
(flour-market), on the ground attached to the mosque of Sghirjlar,
was the portion of spoil allotted to him. On this spot he erected one
hundred shops, the revenues of which he devoted to the mosque. The
administration of the mosque, therefore, remained in the hands of the
family. He mentions more than once, as one of his ancestors, the great
Sheikh Ahmed Yesov, called the Turk of Turks, a resident of Khorsn,
and who sent his disciple, the celebrated Hj Bektsh,[1] to Sultn
Orkhn. Evliys mother was an Abza, and when a girl, had been sent
along with her brother to Sultn Ahmed, who kept the boy as a page, and
presented the girl to Mohammed Dervsh, the chief of the goldsmiths.
The brother had, or received, the Sultns name, with the sirname
_Melek_ (angel), and is mentioned in history as the Grand Vezr Melek
Ahmed Pash, in whose suite Evliy performed a great part of his
travels.
[1] This Hj Bektsh gave the Yen-cher (Janissaries) their name.
Evliy attended the college of Hmid Efend, in the quarter of the
town called Fl Yksh, where for seven years he heard the lectures
of Akhfash Efend. His tutor in reading the Korn was Evliy Mohammed,
a learned man, after whom it appears our traveller was named.
Distinguished by his acquirements, his melodious voice, and, as it
seems, by a fine person, he performed the duty of Mazzin at Ay Sfya
on the Lailat al Kadr of 1045 (1635), on which occasion, as he himself
relates, he attracted the particular attention of Sultn Murd IV. He
was then twenty-five years old; and under the care of his master had
made such progress in the art of reading the Korn, that he could read
the whole in seven hours, and was perfectly versed in the seven modes
of reading. His uncle Melek Ahmed was at this time sword-bearer to the
Sultn, and it seems that Evliy was in some degree indebted to his
interest for the favour of being immediately admitted as a page of the
_Klr-oda_. The Sultn was not less pleased with his melodious voice
and his witty remarks, which evinced much information, than with his
handsome person, in consequence of which he was initiated into all the
profligacies of the royal pages, the relation of which, in more than
one place, leaves a stain upon his writings. He, however, continued his
studies in caligraphy, music, grammar, and the Korn, the latter still
under the direction of Evliy Mohammed, who was then imperial chaplain
(_Khnkr Imm_).[2]
[2] Evliy Mohammed died the same year.
His stay in the imperial palace was, however, very short, as he was
removed from it previously to the Persian expedition, undertaken the
same year (1045) against Erivn, when he was enrolled among the
Siphs, with a stipend of forty aspres _per diem_. Whatever importance
Evliy may have attached to the honour of having been for a short time
an inmate of the seraglio, it seems to have produced no change in his
life, which was that of a traveller all his days. To this vocation, he
conceived he had a special call in a dream on the anniversary of his
twenty-first birth-day (the 10th of Moharrem). He fancied himself in
the mosque of Akh-Cheleb, where the Prophet appeared to him in full
glory, surrounded by all the saints of the Islm. When he wished to
pray for the intercession (_shifat_) of the Prophet, by mistake he
asked for travelling (_siyhat_), which was granted to him, together
with permission to kiss the hands of the Prophet, the four Imms, and
of the saints. His friends the Sheikhs, from whom he requested the
interpretation of this dream, assured him that he should enjoy the

favour of monarchs, and the good fortune of visiting in his travels

the tombs of all the saints and great men whom he had seen. From this
moment he formed the resolution of passing his life in travelling,
and visiting the tombs of the saints; thus his name _Evliy_ (saints)
became significant, as he was all his life _Mohibbi Evliy_, that
is, the friend of the saints. This circumstance accounts for the
predilection he evinces in visiting the tombs and monuments of the
saints, as he often dwells with particular pleasure on the description
of places of pilgrimage. Evliy (the friend of saints), Hfiz (knowing
the Korn by heart), and Siyyh (the traveller), are the names by which
he styles himself, although he is more commonly known by the name of
Evliy Cheleb or Efend; and his work is called _Siyyh Nmeh_, or the
History of the Traveller.
Having received his call by a vision of the Prophet, he commenced his
travels by excursions through Constantinople and its environs, his
topographical descriptions of which, as to the latter, are perhaps
the best extant, and occupy the whole of the first volume. The most
valuable portion of it is that towards the end, in which he gives a
detailed account of the various corporations of tradesmen, and the rank
they held in the solemn processions.
He travelled, as he frequently mentions, for forty-one years, so that
he must have completed his travels in the year 1081 (A.D. 1670), when
he was sixty-one years of age, and he seems to have devoted the rest of
his life to repose, and to the writing of his travels, which extended
to all parts of the Ottoman empire, in Europe, Asia, and Africa,
except Tunis, Algiers, and Tripolis, which he never visited, and which
he therefore passes over in his statistical account of the Ottoman
empire. Besides travelling in Rumelia, Anatolia, Syria, and Egypt,
he accompanied the Turkish Embassy to Vienna in 1664, as secretary,
whence he proceeded to the Netherlands and Sweden, and returned by the
Crimea. Though generally employed in diplomatic and financial missions,
he was sometimes engaged in battles, and mentions having been present
at twenty-two; the first of which was the expedition to Erivn, which
took place the same year in which he entered and left the Seraglio
(1645). His father, who had been standard-bearer at the siege of Siget
(1564), and must at this time have been nearly ninety years of age, was
ordered, together with some other veterans who had served under Sultn
Sulemn, to accompany the expedition in litters, merely to encourage
the Janissaries. This was Evliys first campaign, but he has left no
account of it.
His second journey was to Brousa, in 1640, with the account of which
he commences his second volume. This journey he undertook, together
with some friends, without his fathers consent, and having visited
all the baths, monuments, mosques, and public walks, he returned to
Constantinople, where he was well received by his father.
In the beginning of Rebi-ul-evvel he set out on his third journey,
which was to Nicomedia. On his return he visited the Princes Islands,
and arrived at Constantinople a month after he had left it.
Ketnj Omar Psh having been appointed to the government of
Trebisonde, he made his old friend, Evliys father, his agent
at Constantinople, and took Evliy along with him. They left
Constantinople in the beginning of Rebi-ul-khir, and proceeded to
Trebisonde, coasting by Kefken, Heraclea, Amassera, Sinope, Samsn, and
Kherson. From Trebisonde he was ordered to attend the _zemburukchs_
(camel-artillery) of Gonia to the siege of Azov in 1051. He proceeded

along the shores of the Black Sea through the country of the Abza,
the history and description of which form the most interesting part of
Evliys travels. The fleet destined for Azov reached Anapa shortly
after the arrival of Evliy. He immediately waited upon the commander,
Del Husain Psh, who received him into his suite, and placed him on
board the galley of his kehiy. They sailed for Azov on the 12th of
Shabn. Evliy was present at the siege, which being unsuccessful, was
raised, and he accompanied the Tatr Khns army, which returned to the
Crimea by land. At Blaklva he embarked for Constantinople, but was
wrecked, and escaped with only two slaves out of the many whom he had
collected in his travels through Abza and Mingrelia. He was thrown on
the coast of Kilyra, whence he proceeded to Constantinople.
In 1055 (1645) the fleet was fitted out, as was generally rumoured, for
an expedition against Malta, and Evliy embarked on board the ship of
the Capudn Psh, Ysuf Psh, in the capacity of _Mazzin-bsh_.[3]
The expedition, however, having touched at the Morea, suddenly turned
upon Candia, where Evliy was present at the reduction of the castle of
St. Todero, and the siege of Canea; after which he attended several
military excursions to Dalmatia and Sebenico.
[3] _Moazzin-bsh_, the chief of the proclaimers of prayers.
On his return to Constantinople he made arrangements for his sixth
journey, with Defterdr Zdeh Mohammed Psh, who was at that time
appointed governor of Erzerm, and whom Evliy accompanied as clerk
of the custom-house at Erzerm. Their route lay through Nicomedia,
Sabanja, Bl, Tsia, Amsia, Ngsr, and they reached Erzerm,
having made seventy stages. Shortly afterwards the Psh sent him on a
mission to the Khn of Tabrz, with a view to facilitate a commercial
intercourse. This was Evliys first journey into Persia. On his way
he visited Etchmiazin, Nakhchevn, and Merend; and returned by Ajn,
Erdebl, Erivn, Bak, Derbend, Kkht, the plain of Chaldirn, and the
fortress of Akhska. Ten days after he was again despatched to Erivn,
on returning from which he resumed his duties at the custom-house. He
was, however, scarcely settled, when the Psh sent him on a mission to
the governor of the Sanjaks of Jnja and Tortm, in order to collect
the troops which had been ordered by a _Khatt-i-sherf_. With this
commission he visited the towns of Baiburd, Jnja, Isper, Tortm,
Akchekala, and Gonia, of which latter the Cossacks had at that time
taken possession. Evliy witnessed its reduction, and was the first to
proclaim on its walls the faith of the Islm.
The Mingrelians having revolted on the occasion of one of the Cossack
inroads, a predatory expedition into Mingrelia was undertaken by Seid
Ahmed Psh; and Evliy having over-run the country with his plundering
party, returned to Erzerm, whence, on the 18th of Zilkada, he set out
on his return to Constantinople. His Psh, Defterdr Zdeh Mohammed,
having openly rebelled against the Porte, he followed him from Erzerm
through Kumkh, Erzenjn, Shnkara-hisr, Ldk, Merzifn, Kopr,
Gumish, Jorm, and Tokt. He once fell into the hands of robbers, but
fortunately effecting his escape, he followed his master to Angora.
The inhabitants of this town not permitting the Psh to shut himself
up in the castle, he was again obliged to take the field. His great
ally Vrvr Psh, on whose account he had rebelled, though he had
beaten and made prisoners several Pshs (amongst whom was Kopreil,
afterwards celebrated as the first Grand Vezr of the family), was at
last defeated, and killed by Ibshr Psh. Defterdr Zdeh Mohammed
Psh, however, managed his affairs so well, that he obtained not only
his pardon but a new appointment. Evliy was with him at Begbzr, when

he received the intelligence of his fathers death, and that all his
property had fallen to his step-mother and his sisters. On hearing this
he took leave of Defterdr Zdeh, and proceeded by Turbel, Tarkl,
and Kva, to Constantinople, where he arrived at the time of the
great revolution, by which Sultn Selm was deposed, and Mohammed IV.
raised to the throne. Evliys account of this revolution, and of the
principal actors in it, is so much the more interesting, that the chief
favourite of Ibrahm, the famous Jinj Khoajeh, of whose ignorance he
makes mention, had been Evliys school-fellow. Evliy, however, had
been well treated by him, and received as an old school-fellow, shortly
before his own fall, and that of his royal master, Ibrahm, which
happened in the year 1058 (1648).
Evliy next attached himself to Silihdr Murtez Psh, who was
appointed Governor of Damascus, as _Moazzin-bsh_ (an office which,
as before mentioned, he had held under Ysuf Psh, in the expedition
against Canea), and as _Imm Mahmil_, or priest of the caravan of
pilgrims to Mecca. He left Constantinople in the beginning of Shabn
1058 (1648).
The third volume commences with an account of his seventh great
journey, which was to Damascus. He had scarcely arrived at this place
when he was sent by Murtez Psh on a mission to Constantinople. This
journey was performed very rapidly, and he gives no particular account
of it, only mentioning that he met some of the robbers belonging to the
party of Ktirj Oghl.
He returned with the same despatch to Damascus, whence he set out on
his pilgrimage to Mecca, through Egypt. Of this pilgrimage no account
is given in our manuscript copy, as it seems he died before he had
completed the work. There is no question, however, as to the time at
which it was undertaken, since in his account of the reign of Sultn
Murd IV. he states that he was just in time, after his return from
Mecca through Egypt, to share in the glory of the victory gained by
Murtez Psh over the Druzes, in the year 1059. Now Evliys account
of this expedition commences in the month of Moharrem 1059, from which
it may be supposed that he had just returned from Mecca, where the
annual ceremonies of the pilgrimage take place in Zilhijeh, the last
month of the year.
Evliy was employed by Murtez on various missions, the object of which
was to collect debts and exact money. On such errands he was sent to
Mount Lebanon, Karak, Balbek, Akka, Yaffa, and Haleb, whence he took a
journey to Rakka, Roha, Blis, Meraash, Kaisari, and over Mount Arjsh
(Argaus) to Ak-ser, Svs, Drbekr, and in the year 1060 (1650)
returned to Constantinople by Ainehbzr, Merzifn, Kanghr, Kastemni,
and Tshkopr.
He now entered the service of his uncle, Melek Ahmed Psh, who, after
having been Grand Vezr for some time, was removed to the government of
Oczakov, and afterwards to that of Silistria, in the year 1061 (1651).
Evliy accompanied him, and this was his ninth journey, reckoning
each journey by his return to Constantinople. He travelled over the
whole of Rumelia, and made some stay at Adrianople, of which he gives
a detailed account, and thus completes his description of the three
Ottoman capitals, _viz._ Constantinople, Brousa, and Adrianople. He
left Adrianople with his uncle and patron, Melek Ahmed, who was now
raised to the rank of a Vezr of the Cupola at Constantinople; but
being unable, notwithstanding his marriage to a Sultna, to maintain
his credit in the Ottoman court during these revolutionary times, he

was obliged to accept the government of Vn, to which he proceeded

with great reluctance. Evliy, who had been left behind, followed him
a few days after, having been despatched by the Sultna, the lady of
Melek Ahmed. He travelled through Svs, Malta, Drbekr, Mrdn,
Sinjr, Mfarakain, Bedls, and Akhlt. A considerable portion of
his narrative is devoted to the history of the warfare between Melek
Ahmed Psh and the Khn of Tifls, the latter of whom was beaten and
deposed; and his account of the Kurds, and their different tribes, is
not less interesting than that in his second volume of the Abzas on
the eastern coasts of the Black Sea.
Having already given proofs of his abilities in diplomatic affairs when
employed by Defterdr Zdeh Mohammed Psh, on missions to Tabrz and
Erivn, and by Murtez Psh in his Syrian missions, Evliy was now
entrusted by Melek Ahmed with several missions to the Persian Khns of
Tabrz and Rmia, with the view of reclaiming seventy thousand sheep,
and the liberation of Murtez Psh, who was kept a prisoner by the
Khn of Dembol. From Tabrz he went through Hamadn to Baghdd, his
description of which, and its environs, of Basra and of the ruins of
Kfa, contains some most important geographical notices. From Basra
he travelled to Hormuz and the Persian Gulf, and returned to Baghdd
by Basra, Vset, and Kalai Hasan. In a second excursion he visited
Hver, Arbl, Sheherzor, Amadia, Jezn, Husnkeif, Nisibin, and returned
to Baghdd by Hamd, Mousul, and Tekrt. With the account of these
the author concludes his fourth volume; and notwithstanding every
endeavour, and the most careful search in all the markets and sales, no
more of the work has been discovered. It may, therefore, be taken for
granted that he never wrote any continuation of it. The fourth volume
ends with the year 1066 (1655), and these four volumes embrace only
a period of twenty-six years of the forty-one which Evliy spent in
travelling. Of the events of the remaining fifteen, the following notes
may be collected from his own work.
In the year 1070 (1659) Evliy accompanied the expedition into
Moldavia, and assisted at the conquest of Waradin. The Ottoman armies
extended their inroads as far as Orsova and Cronstadt in Transylvania,
and Evliy received twenty prisoners as his share of the booty. He
then joined his uncle and patron, Melek Ahmed Psh, then governor of
Bosnia, who on the 12th of Rebi-ul-evvel 1071 (1660), was appointed
governor of Rmeili. With him, in the following year, Evliy made the
campaign into Transylvania, which was then disturbed by the pretenders
to the crown, Kemeny and Apasty. He was at Saswr when the news arrived
of the death of the Grand Vezr, Mohammed Koprel, in 1071 (1660).
After the battle of Forgaras he left Transylvania, and took up his
winter quarters with Melek Ahmed Psh at Belgrade. Melek Ahmed was
shortly afterwards recalled to Constantinople in order to be married
(his first Sultna having died) to Ftima, the daughter of Sultn
Ahmed. He died after he had been a Vezr of the Cupola three months;
and thus poor Evliy (as he generally calls himself) was left without
a protector. He, however, remained in the army, then engaged in the
Hungarian war, till the year 1075 (1664), when Kara Mohammed Psh was
sent on an embassy to Vienna, and Evliy, by the express command of the
Sultn, was appointed secretary of the embassy. The ambassador returned
in the ensuing year to Constantinople, as may be seen by his own
report, published in the Ottoman Annals of Rashd; but Evliy having
obtained an imperial patent, continued his travels through Germany
and the Netherlands, as far as Dunkirk, through Holland, Denmark, and
Sweden, and returned through Poland, by Cracovie and Danzig, to the
Crimea, after a journey of three years and a half, thus finishing, on
the frontiers of Russia, as he himself states, his travels through the

seven climates.
Although he repeatedly mentions his travels through Europe, it is
doubtful whether he ever wrote them; from doing which he was probably
prevented by death, when he had completed his fourth volume. It appears
that after having travelled for forty years, he spent the remainder of
his days in retirement at Adrianople, where he probably died, and where
his tomb might be looked for. It also appears that the last ten years
of his life were devoted to the writing of his travels, and that he
died about the year 1090 at the age of seventy.
This supposition is borne out by his mentioning, in his historical
account of the reign of Sultn Mohammed IV., the conquest of Candia
which took place in 1089 (1678); and further by his speaking of his
fifty years experience since he commenced the world, which must refer
to the year 1040, when, at the age of twenty, he entered upon his
travels; during which he declares he saw the countries of eighteen
monarchs, and heard one hundred and forty-seven different languages.
The motto on his seal, which he presented to a Persian Khn of his own
name, was: Evliy hopes for the intercession of the chief of saints
and prophets.[4]
[4]
Judging from the chronographs and verses which he inscribed on several
monuments, and the errors into which he frequently falls respecting
ancient history, Evliy must be considered as but an indifferent
poet and historian. But in his descriptions of the countries which
he visited he is most faithful, and his work must be allowed to be
unequalled by any other hitherto known Oriental travels. Independent
of the impression made upon him by his dream, that by the blessing of
the Prophet he was to visit the tombs of all the saints whom he had
seen in their glory, he found that his lot was to travel; and besides
the name of _Hfiz_ (knowing the Korn by heart), he well deserved _par
excellence_ that of _Siyyh_ or _the_ traveller.

CONTENTS.
Page
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE AUTHOR
INTRODUCTION

iii
1

SECTION I.
Sayings (hads) of the Prophet respecting Constantinople

SECTION II.
An Account of the Foundation of the ancient
City and Seat of Empire of the Macedonian
Greeks, _i.e._ Constantinople

ib.

SECTION III.
Concerning the Conquest of the Black Sea

Concerning the Canal from the river Dn

(Danube)

SECTION IV.
Concerning Constantine, the ninth Builder, who
erected the Walls and Castle of Constantinople
The Discovery of the true Cross
Names of Constantinople in different tongues

10
ib.
11

SECTION V.
Concerning the Circumference of Constantinople

12

The number of paces between each of the

twenty-seven Gates

14

SECTION VI.
Of the wonderful Talismans within and without
Kostantneh

16

Talismans relating to the Sea

19

SECTION VII.
Concerning the Mines within and without the
city of Kostantn

20

SECTION VIII.
Sieges of Constantinople

23

The second siege

ib.

The third siege

24

The fourth siege

ib.

The fifth siege

ib.

The sixth siege

25

The seventh siege

ib.

The eighth siege

ib.

The ninth siege

26

SECTION IX.
Concerning the sieges of Constantinople by the
Ottoman Emperors

27

Account of the rise of Mohammed II., the Father

of Victory

31

SECTION X.
The last siege of Kostantaniyyeh by Mohammed
II., the conqueror

32

SECTION XI.
An explanation of the relationship between the
house of Osmn and the King of France

40

An account of the heroic deeds and misfortunes

of Jem-shh, son of the Emperor Mohammed
Ab-l Fat-h (the conqueror)

41

Eulogium on Y Vadd Sultn

44

Of the glorious conquest of the Ok-medn

(archery ground)

46

SECTION XII.
Description of the New Ser, the Threshold
of the Abode of Felicity

49

SECTION XIII.
Description of the Old Ser

50

Eulogium on the living water of the Old

Palace (Esk Ser)

51

SECTION XIV.
On the Public Officers established at Islmbl
at the time of the Conquest

52

SECTION XV.
On the Imperial Mosques in the Mohammedan
City of Kostantaniyyeh

55

On the Dimensions, Builders, &c. of the ancient

place of worship, Ay Sfiyah

56

A Description of the four Minrehs (Minarets)

57

The Servants (Khuddm) of the Mosque

59

Stations and Places in this Mosque visited as

peculiarly fitted for Devotion

59

Narrative of Gulb V

60

Virtues of the Golden Ball

64

The Spectacle of the resplendent Stones

65

The Mosque of Zrek Bsh

Description of the Mosque of Mohammed the
Conqueror
Form of this Mosque

ib.
66
ib.

Appeal of the Mimr Bsh (Head Builder)

to the Law of the Prophet against the Conqueror

68

Description of the Mosque of Sultn Byazd II.

70

Description of the Mosque of Sultn Selim I.

73

Description of the Fifth Imperial Mosque;

that of Sultn Sulemn

74

In praise of the Writing of Karah Hisr

76

Description of the Court (Harem)

77

A Description of the Imperial Mausoleum

79

Description of the Outer Court

ib.

Description of the Mosque of Prince Mohammed

82

Description of the Mosque of the Vlideh

83

Description of the Mosque of Mehr-mh Sultneh

ib.

Begler-begs in the reign of Sultn Sulemn

85

Capudn Pashas in the reign of Sulemn

86

Defterdrs and Nishnjis of the Reign of Sultn

Sulemn

87

Begs of Sultn Sulemns Reign

ib.

Some of the Illustrious Divines of the Reign

of Sultn Sulemn

ib.

The Kann-nmeh, or Statistical Code of the

Empire, drawn up by Sultn Sulemn

88

The Khs, or Revenues of the Begler-begs

89

Names of the Sanjaks of each province

90

Sanjaks of the province of Andl

ib.

Sanjaks of the province of Karamn

ib.

Sanjaks of Svs

91

Sanjaks of Bosna

ib.

The province of the Capdn Psh

ib.

Sanjaks of the Morea

ib.

Sanjaks of Bdn (Bude)

ib.

Sanjaks of the province of Kanza

ib.

Sanjaks of Uivr (Neuhausel)

92

The province of Temiswar

ib.

The province of Varasdin

ib.

Transylvania

ib.

Valachia and Moldavia

ib.

Oczakov, or Silistria

ib.

Krim (the Crimea)

ib.

The province of Kaffa

93

The province of Cyprus

ib.

The province of Candia

ib.

The province of Damascus

ib.

The province of Trabals (Tripoli)

ib.

The province of Adna

ib.

The province of Haleb (Aleppo)

94

The province of Drbeker

ib.

The province of Kars

ib.

The province of Childer or Akhchkeh

95

The province of Grjistn or Georgia

ib.

The province of Tarabafzn (Trebizonde)

ib.

The province of Rika

ib.

The province of Baghdd

ib.

The province of Basra

ib.

The province of Lahsa

96

The province of Yemen

ib.

The province of Abyssinia

ib.

The province of Mecca

ib.

The province of Egypt

ib.

The province of Mosul

97

The province of Wn

ib.

The province of Erzerm

ib.

The province of Sheherzl

ib.

Of the ranks of Sanjak-begs

ib.

Of the khs, or revenue of the Sanjak-begs, the Kehiys of

the Defter and the Defterdrs of Tmrs

98

Rumeili

ib.

Bosnia

ib.

The Archipelago

99

The province of Bude

ib.

The province of Temiswr

ib.

The province of Anatolia

ib.

The province of Karamn

ib.

The province of Kubrus (Cyprus)

ib.

The province of Tripoli (in Syria)

ib.

The province of Haleb (Aleppo)

100

The province of Zulkadrieh or Meraish

ib.

The province of Sivs

ib.

The province of Erzerm

ib.

The province of Kars

ib.

The province of Childer or Akhichka

ib.

The province of Trebizonde

ib.

The province of Drbekr

ib.

The province of Rakka

101

The province of Baghdd

ib.

The province of Wn

ib.

The province of Mosul

ib.

Statement of the number of swords or men brought into the

field by the possessors of Tmrs and Zimets

ib.

The province of Rmeili

ib.

Number of Zimets and Tmrs in each of the

Sanjaks in Rmeli

ib.

Number of Zimets and Timars in Anatolia

102

The province of the Kapdn Pasha, or

islands of the Archipelago

103

The province of Karamn

ib.

The province of Rm or Sivs

ib.

The province of Maraish

ib.

The province of Haleb (Aleppo)

104

The province of Shm (Damascus)

ib.

The province of Cyprus

ib.

The province of Rakka

ib.

The province of Trebizonde

ib.

The province of Drbekr

ib.

The province of Erzerm

ib.

The province of Childer

105

The province of Wn

ib.

The order of the Divn

ib.

The Conquests and Victories of Solemn

106

The Reign of Sultn Selm II.

108

Defterdrs and Nishnjs

ib.

Physicians

109

Meshiekh or Learned men

ib.

Conquests, &c. in the reign of Sultan Selim II.

ib.

Conquests, &c. in the reign of Murd

ib.

Sons of Sultn Ahmed

111

Grand Vezrs of Sultn Ahmed

ib.

Vezrs of the Kubba (Cupola)

ib.

Celebrated Divines

ib.

Meshiekh or Learned Men

ib.

Conquests, &c. of the reign of Sultn Ahmed

ib.

Description of the Mosque of Sultn Ahmed

112

The Imperial Expedition against Hotn

115

Description of the Gul-Jmi

118

Chronological account of the principal events

during the reign of Sultn Murd IV.

119

A curious Anecdote

127

Account of the humble Evliys admission into

the imperial Harem of Sultn Murd, and
of some pleasant conversation which he enjoyed
with the Emperor in 1046 (1635)

132

The Mufts and Ulem during the reign of

Sultn Murd

143

Chief Judges of Rumel

ib.

Chief Judges of Anatolia

144

Defderdrs during the Reign of Sultn Murd

ib.

Aghs of the Janissaries during the Reign of

Sultn Murd

ib.

Sultn Murds expedition against Malta

ib.

Account of the Death of Sultn Murd

145

Vezrs of Sultn Ibrhm

146

The Vezr who rebelled against Sultn Ibrhm

ib.

Conquests, &c. during the reign of Sultn

Ibrhm

147

Defeat of Tekel Mustaf Psh

149

Character of Sultn Ibrhm

ib.

Reign of Sultn Mohammed IV., which may

God perpetuate!

151

Personal description of Sultn Mohammed

ib.

History of the Vezrs

152

The cause of his fall

153

Vezrs of Provinces in the time of Sultn Mohammed

IV.

157

Prince of Sultn Mohammed IV.

ib.

Monuments of Sultn Mohammed IV.

ib.

Victories and Conquests at which Sultn Mohammed

IV. was present in person

ib.

Defeat of the Druses in Syria by Murtez Psh

ib.

Conquest of Selina and Retino in Candia

158

Defeat of the Infidel Fleet by Kapudn Chavush Zdeh

ib.

Attack on the Cossacks, by Mohammed Gher

Khn, at Oczakov

158

Defeat of Rakoczy

159

Description of the Mosque of the Vlideh

164

Description of the Mosque of Abul-vaf

166

Description of the Mosque of Emr Najr

ib.

The Fatheh Mosque

ib.

SECTION XVI.
Of the Mosques of the Vezrs at Constantinople

166

The Old Mesjids, or small Mosques of Constantinople

170

SECTION XVII.
Of the Medreseh, or Colleges

171

SECTION XVIII.
Of the Dr-ul-kira of Constantinople

173

SECTION XIX.
Of the Mekteb, or Boys Schools

173

SECTION XX.
Of the Dr-ul-hadth, or Tradition Schools

ib.

SECTION XXI.
Of the Tekeh, or Convents of Dervshes

ib.

SECTION XXII.
Of the Imret, or Refectories

174

SECTION XXIII.
Of the Tmristn and Moristn, or Hospitals

174

SECTION XXIV.
Of the principal Palaces of Constantinople

175

SECTION XXV.
Of the Grand Khns for Merchants

176

SECTION XXVI.
Of the Cravnseris

177

SECTION XXVII.
Of the Barracks (Bekr oda)

ib.

SECTION XXVIII.
Of the Fountains ornamented with Chronographs

178

SECTION XXIX.
Of the Sebl-khnehs, or Water-houses

179

SECTION XXX.
Of the principal Baths

ib.

NOTES

183

THE
TRAVELS

OF
EVLIYA EFEND.
IN THE NAME OF GOD, THE ALL-CLEMENT, THE ALL-MERCIFUL!
To GOD, who ennobles exalted minds by travels, and has enabled me
to visit the holy places; to Him who laid the foundations of the
fortresses of legislation, and established them on the groundwork of
prophecy and revelation, all praise be given: and may the richest
blessings and most excellent benedictions be offered to the most noble
and perfect of all creatures, the pattern of prayer, who said, Pray as
you see me pray; to the infallible guide, Mohammed; because it is in
his favour that God, the Lord of empires and Creator of the heavens,
made the earth an agreeable residence for the sons of Adam, and created
man the most noble of all his creatures. Praise to Him, who directs all
events according to His will, without injustice or incongruity! And,
after having offered all adoration to God, let every pious aspiration
be expressed for the prosperity of his shadow upon earth, the ruler of
terrestrial things, the Sultn son of a Sultn, the victorious Prince
Murd Khn, fourth son of Sultn Ahmed Khn, and eighth in descent
from Sultn Mohammed Khn, the Conqueror, the mercy of God rest upon
them all! but most especially on Sultn Murd Ghzi, the conqueror of
Baghdd, the great Monarch with whose service I was blessed when I
began to write an account of my travels.
It was in the time of his illustrious reign, in the year A.H. 1041
(A.D. 1631), that by making excursions on foot in the villages and
gardens near Islmbl (Constantinople), I began to think of extensive
travels, and to escape from the power of my father, mother, and
brethren. Forming a design of travelling over the whole earth, I
entreated God to give me health for my body and faith for my soul;
I sought the conversation of dervshes, and when I had heard a
description of the seven climates and of the four quarters of the
earth, I became still more anxious to see the world, to visit the Holy
Land, Cairo, Damascus, Mecca and Medina, and to prostrate myself on
the purified soil of the places where the prophet, the glory of all
creatures, was born, and died.
I, a poor, destitute traveller, but a friend of mankind, Evliy, son
of the dervsh Mohammed, being continually engaged in prayer and
petitions for divine guidance, meditating upon the holy chapters and
mighty verses of the Korn, and looking out for assistance from above,
was blessed in the night _Ashr_, in the month of _Moharrem_, while
sleeping in my fathers house at Islmbl, with the following vision:
I dreamt that I was in the mosque of Akh cheleb, near the Yemish
iskeleh-s (fruit-stairs or scale), a mosque built with money lawfully
gotten, from which prayers therefore ascend to heaven. The gates were
thrown open at once, and the mosque filled with a brilliant crowd who
were saying the morning prayers. I was concealed behind the pulpit,
and was lost in astonishment on beholding that brilliant assembly. I
looked on my neighbour, and said, May I ask, my lord, who you are,
and what is your illustrious name? He answered, I am one of the ten
evangelists, Sad Vakks, the patron of archers. I kissed his hands,
and asked further: Who are the refulgent multitude on my right hand?
He said, They are all blessed saints and pure spirits, the spirits of
the followers of the Prophet, the Muhjirn, who followed him in his
flight from Mecca, and the Ansr who assisted him on his arrival at
Medna, the companions of Saffah and the martyrs of Kerbel. On the

right of the _mihrb_ (altar) stand Ab Bekr and Omar, and on the left
Osmn and Ali; before it stands Veis; and close to the left wall of
the mosque, the first Muezzin, Bell the Habesh. The man who regulates
and ranks the whole assembly is Amru. Observe the host in red garments
now advancing with a standard; that is the host of martyrs who fell in
the holy wars, with the hero Hamzah at their head. Thus did he point
out to me the different companies of that blessed assembly, and each
time I looked on one of them, I laid my hand on my breast, and felt my
soul refreshed by the sight. My lord, said I, what is the reason of
the appearance of this assembly in this mosque? He answered, The
faithful Ttrs being in great danger at Azk (Azof), we are marching
to their assistance. The Prophet himself, with his two grandsons Hasan
and Hosan, the twelve _Imms_ and the ten disciples, will immediately
come hither to perform the appointed morning service (_sabh-namz_).
They will give you a sign to perform your duty as _Muezzin_, which
you must do accordingly. You must begin to cry out with a loud voice
_Allah Ekber_ (God is great!) and then repeat the verses of the
Throne (Srah II. 259). Bell will repeat the _Subhnullah_ (Glory to
God!), and you must answer _Elhamdu-li-llah_ (God be praised!) Bell
will answer, _Allah ekber_, and you must say _Amn_ (Amen), while
we all join in the _tevhd_ (i.e. declaration of the divine unity). You
shall then, after saying Blessed be all the prophets, and praise to
God the Lord of both worlds, get up, and kiss the hand of the prophet,
saying _Y reslu-llah_ (O Apostle of God!).
When Sad Vakks had given me these instructions, I saw flashes of
lightning burst from the door of the mosque, and the whole building
was filled with a refulgent crowd of saints and martyrs all standing
up at once. It was the prophet overshadowed by his green banner,
covered with his green veil, carrying his staff in his right hand,
having his sword girt on his thigh, with the Imm Hasan on his right
hand, and the Imm Hosen on his left. As he placed his right foot on
the threshold, he cried out _Bismillah_, and throwing off his veil,
said, _Es-selm aleik y ommet_ (health unto thee, O my people).
The whole assembly answered: Unto thee be health, O prophet of God,
lord of the nations! The prophet advanced towards the _mihrb_ and
offered up a morning prayer of two inflexions (_rikah_). I trembled
in every limb; but observed, however, the whole of his sacred figure,
and found it exactly agreeing with the description given in the
_Hallyehi khkn_. The veil on his face was a white shawl, and his
turban was formed of a white sash with twelve folds; his mantle was
of camels hair, in colour inclining to yellow; on his neck he wore
a yellow woollen shawl. His boots were yellow, and in his turban was
stuck a toothpick. After giving the salutation he looked upon me, and
having struck his knees with his right hand, commanded me to stand up
and take the lead in the prayer. I began immediately, according to
the instruction of Bell, by saying: The blessing of God be upon our
lord Mohammed and his family, and may He grant them peace! afterwards
adding, _Allah ekber_. The prophet followed by saying the ftihah
(the 1st chap. of the Korn), and some other verses. I then recited
that of _the throne_. Bell pronounced the _Subhnullah_, I the
_El-hamdulillah_, and Bell the _Allah ekber_. The whole service was
closed by a general cry of _Allah_, which very nearly awoke me from
my sleep. After the prophet had repeated some verses, from the _Surh
ys_, and other chapters of the Korn, Sad Vakks took me by the hand
and carried me before him, saying: Thy loving and faithful servant
Evliy entreats thy intercession. I kissed his hand, pouring forth
tears, and instead of crying _shifat_ (intercession), I said, from
my confusion, _siyhat_ (travelling) O apostle of God! The prophet
smiled, and said, _Shifat_ and _siyhat_ (_i.e._ intercession

and travelling) be granted to thee, with health and peace! He then

again repeated the _ftihah_, in which he was followed by the whole
assembly, and I afterwards went round, kissed the hands, and received
the blessings of each. Their hands were perfumed with musk, ambergris,
spikenard, sweet-basil, violets, and carnations; but that of the
prophet himself smelt of nothing but saffron and roses, felt when
touched as if it had no bones, and was as soft as cotton. The hands
of the other prophets had the odour of quinces; that of Ab-bekr had
the fragrance of melons, Omars smelt like ambergris, Osmns like
violets, Als like jessamine, Hasns like carnations, and Hosens
like white roses. When I had kissed the hands of each, the prophet had
again recited the _ftihah_, all his chosen companions had repeated
aloud the seven verses of that exordium to the Korn (_sabau-l
mesn_); and the prophet himself had pronounced the parting salutation
(_es-selm alekom eyy ikhwnn_) from the _mihrb_; he advanced
towards the door, and the whole illustrious assembly giving me various
greetings and blessings, went out of the mosque. Sad Vakks at the
same time, taking his quiver from his own belt and putting it into
mine, said: Go, be victorious with thy bow and arrow; be in Gods
keeping, and receive from me the good tidings that thou shalt visit
the tombs of all the prophets and holy men whose hands thou hast now
kissed. Thou shalt travel through the whole world, and be a marvel
among men. Of the countries through which thou shalt pass, of their
castles, strong-holds, wonderful antiquities, products, eatables and
drinkables, arts and manufacturers, the extent of their provinces,
and the length of the days there, draw up a description, which shall
be a monument worthy of thee. Use my arms, and never depart, my
son, from the ways of God. Be free from fraud and malice, thankful
for bread and salt (hospitality), a faithful friend to the good,
but no friend to the bad. Having finished his sermon, he kissed my
hand, and went out of the mosque. When I awoke, I was in great doubt
whether what I had seen were a dream or a reality; and I enjoyed for
some time the beatific contemplations which filled my soul. Having
afterwards performed my ablutions, and offered up the morning prayer
(_salti fejr_), I crossed over from Constantinople to the suburb of
Ksim-psh, and consulted the interpreter of dreams, Ibrhm Efend,
about my vision. From him I received the comfortable news that I should
become a great traveller, and after making my way through the world,
by the intercession of the prophet, should close my career by being
admitted into Paradise. I next went to Abdu-llah Dedeh, Shekh of the
convent of Mevlev Dervshes in the same suburb (Ksim-psh), and
having kissed his hand, related my vision to him. He interpreted it in
the same satisfactory manner, and presenting to me seven historical
works, and recommending me to follow Sad Vakkss counsels, dismissed
me with prayers for my success. I then retired to my humble abode,
applied myself to the study of history, and began a description of my
birth-place, Islmbl, that envy of kings, the celestial haven, and
strong-hold of Mkedn (Macedonia, _i.e._ Constantinople).

SECTION I.
Infinite praise and glory be given to that cherisher of worlds, who
by his word BE, called into existence earth and heaven, and all
his various creatures; be innumerable encomiums also bestowed on the
beloved of God, Mohammed Al-Mustaf, Captain of holy warriors, heir of
the kingdom of law and justice, conqueror of Mecca, Bedr, and Honan,

who, after those glorious victories, encouraged his people by his noble
precepts (_hads_) to conquer Arabia (Yemen), Egypt (Misr), Syria
(Shm), and Constantinople (Kostantiniyyeh).
_Sayings_ (hads) _of the Prophet respecting Constantinople_.
The prophet said: Verily Constantinople shall be conquered; and
excellent is the commander (emr), excellent the army, who shall take
it from the opposing people!
Some thousands of proofs could be brought to shew, that Islmbl is
the largest of all inhabited cities on the face of the earth; but the
clearest of those proofs is the following saying of the prophet, handed
down by Eb Hurereh. The prophet of God said: Have you heard of a
town, one part of it situated on the land, and two parts on the sea?
They answered, yea! O prophet of God; he said, the hour will come
when it shall be changed by seventy of the children of Isaac. From
(Esau) As, who is here signified by the children of Isaac, the nation
of the Greeks is descended, whose possession of Kostantiniyyeh was thus
pointed out. There are also seventy more sacred traditions preserved by
Moviyyah Khlid ibn Veld, Iyyb el-ensr, and Abdu-l-azz, to the
same effect, _viz._ Ah! if we were so happy as to be the conquerors
of Kostantiniyyeh! They made, therefore, every possible endeavour
to conquer Rm (the Byzantine empire); and, if it please God, a more
detailed account of their different sieges of Kostantiniyyeh shall be
given hereafter.

SECTION II.
_An Account of the Foundation of the ancient City and Seat of Empire
of the Macedonian Greeks_ (_Ynniyyni Mkedniyyah_), i.e. _the
well-guarded Kostantiniyyeh, the envy of all the Kings of the Land of
Islm_.
It was first built by Solomon, and has been described by some thousands
of historians. The date of its capture is contained in those words of
the Korn, The exalted city (_beldah tayyibeh_), and to it some
commentators apply the following text: Have not the Greeks been
vanquished in the lowest parts of the earth? (Kor. xxx. 1.) and
An excellent city, the like of which hath never been created. All
the ancient Greek historians are agreed, that it was first built by
Solomon, son of David, 1600 years before the birth of the Prophet;
they say he caused a lofty palace to be erected by Genii, on the spot
now called Seraglio-Point, in order to please the daughter of Sadn,
sovereign of Ferendn, an island in the Western Ocean (_Okiyns_).
The second builder of it was Rehoboam (_Rejam_), son of Solomon; and
the third Ynk, son of Mdiyn, the Amalekite, who reigned 4600 years
after Adam was driven from Paradise, and 419 years before the birth of
Iskender Rm (Alexander the Great), and was the first of the Batlisah
(Ptolemies?) of the Greeks. There were four universal monarchs, two
of whom were Moslims and two Infidels. The two first were Solemn
(Solomon) and Iskender Zl karnen (the two-horned Alexander), who is
also said to have been a prophet; and the two last were Bakhtu-n-nasr,
that desolation of the whole face of the earth, and Ynk ibn Mdiyn,

who lived one hundred years in the land of Adm (Edom).

SECTION III.
_Concerning the Conquest of the Black Sea._
This sea, according to the opinion of the best mathematicians, is only
a relic of Noahs flood. It is eighty fathoms (_klj_) deep, and,
before the deluge, was not united with the White Sea. At that time the
plains of Salniteh (Slankament), Dbreh-chn (Dobruczin), Kej-kemet
(Ketskemet), Kenks and Busteh, and the vallies of Sirm and Semendereh
(Semendria), were all covered with the waters of the Black Sea, and at
Ddushkah, on the shore of the Gulf of Venice, the place where their
waters were united may still be seen. Parvd, in the pshlik of
Silistirah (Silistria), a strong fortress now situated on the highest
rocks, was then on the sea-shore; and the rings by which the ships were
moored to the rocks are still to be seen there. The same circumstance
is manifested at Menkb, a days journey from Bghcheh ser, in the
island of Krim (Crimea). It is a castle built on a lofty rock, and yet
it contains stone pillars, to which ships were anciently fastened. At
that time the island of Krim (Crimea), the plains of Heht (Deshti
Kipchk), and the whole country of the Sclavonians (Saklibah), were
covered with the waters of the Black Sea, which extended as far as
the Caspian. Having accompanied the army of Islm Gir Khn in his
campaign against the Muscovites (Moskov), in the year, I myself have
passed over the plains of Haht; at the encampments of Kertmeh-l,
Bm, and Ashim, in those plains, where it was necessary to dig wells
in order to supply the army with water, I found all kinds of marine
remains, such as the shells of oysters, crabs, cockles, &c., by which
it is evident that this great plain was once a part of the Black Sea.
Verily God hath power over every thing!
The fourth builder of Constantinople was Alexander the Great, who
is also said to have cut the strait of Sebtah (Ceuta), which unites
the White Sea (Mediterranean) with the ocean. Some say the Black Sea
extends from Azk (Azof), to the straits of Islmbl (the canal of
Constantinople), the sea of Rm (Greece), from thence to the straits of
Gelbl (Gallipoli, _i.e._ the Hellespont), the key of the two seas,
where are the two castles built by Sultn Mohammed the Conqueror, and
that all below this forms the White Sea. Having often made an excursion
in a boat, when the sea was smooth and the sky clear, from the Cape of
the Seven Towers (_Yed kullah brun_), near Islmbl, to the point
of Kz Ko (called Kalmish), near Uskudr (Scutari), I have observed
in the water a red line, of about a hands breadth, drawn from one of
these points to the other. The sea to the north of the line is the
Black Sea; but to the south of it, towards Kizil Ad, and the other
(Princes) islands, is called, on account of its azure (_nl_) hue,
the White Sea; and the intermixture of the two colours forms, by the
command of God, as wonders never fail, a red seam (_rddeh_), which
divides the two seas from each other. This line is always visible,
except when strong southerly winds blow from the islands of Mermereh
(Marmora), when it disappears, from the roughness of the sea. There is
also a difference in the taste of the waters on each side of this line;
that towards the Black Sea being less salt and bitter than that towards
the White Sea: to the south of the castles (of the Dardanelles), it
is still more bitter, but less so than in the ocean. No sea has more

delicious fish than the Black Sea, and those caught in the Strait of
Islmbl are excellent. As that strait unites the waters of the Black
and White Seas, it is called, by some writers, the confluence of two
seas (_merejul bahren_).
The fifth builder of Constantinople was a king of Ungurs (Hungary),
named Pzantn (Byzantinus), son of Ynk Ibn Mdiyn, in whose time
the city was nearly destroyed by a great earthquake, nothing having
escaped except a castle built by Solomon, and a temple on the site of
Ay Sfiyyah. From Pzantn, Islmbl was formerly called Pzenteh
(Byzantium).
The sixth builder was one of the Roman emperors; the same as built
the cities of Kniyah, Nkdeh and Kasariyyah (Csarea). He rebuilt
Islmbl, which, for seventy years, had been a heap of ruins, a nest
of serpents, lizards, and owls, 2288 years before its conquest by
Sultn Mohammed.
The seventh builder of the city of Mkedn was, by the common consent
of all the ancient historians, Vezendn, one of the grandsons of Ynk
Ibn Mdiyn, who, 5052 years after the death of Adam, being universal
monarch, forced all the kings of the earth to assist him in rebuilding
the walls of Mkedn, which then extended from Seraglio point (_Ser
brun_), to Silivr (_Selymbria_), southwards, and northwards as far
as Terks on the Black Sea, a distance of nine hours journey.
Both these towns were united by seven long walls, and divided by seven
ditches a hundred cubits wide. The remains of these walls, castles,
and ditches, are still visible on the way from Silivr to Terks; and
the khns, mosques, and other public buildings in the villages on that
road, as Fetehk, Szl-k, Arnd-k, Kuvk-dereh, Azzu-d-din-l,
Kiteh-l, Bkll, and Trk-esheh-l, are all built of stones taken
from these walls; the remains of some of their towers and seven ditches
appearing here and there. Chatljeh, which is now a village in that
neighbourhood, was then a fortified market-town close to the fortress
of Islmbl, as its ruins shew. The line of fortifications which
then surrounded the city may still be traced, beginning from Terks
on the Black Sea, and passing by the villages of Brz, Tarpiyah
(_Therapia_), Firnd near Rum-ili hisr, Ortahk, Fundukl, to the
point of Ghalatah, and from thence to the lead-magazines, St. Johns
fountain (_Ay Yank yzmah-s_), the Ghelabah castle, the old
arsenal, the castle of Petrnah, the Arsenal-garden-Point, the castle
of Alnah, the village of Sdljeh, and the convent of Jafer-bd. All
these towns and castles were connected by a wall, the circuit of which
was seven days journey.
_Concerning the Canal from the river Dn_ (Danube).
King Ynvn, wishing to provide water for the great city of Islmbl,
undertook to make a canal to it from the Danube. For that purpose he
began to dig in the high road near the castles of Severin and Siverin,
not far from the fortress of Feth-islm, on the bank of that river;
and by those means brought its waters to the place called Azd-l, in
the neighbourhood of Constantinople. He afterwards built, in the bed of
the river, a barrier of solid stone, with an iron gate, which is still
to be seen, as the writer of these sheets has witnessed three different
times, when employed there on the public service. The place is now
called the iron gate of the Danube (_Dn demir kap-s_), and is much
feared by the boat-men, who sometimes unload their vessels there, as,

when lightened of their cargoes, they can pass over it in safety.

He also built another wear or barrier in the Danube, now called
Tahtah-l sedd, upon which many ships perish every year. It was when
that river overflowed in the spring, that king Ynvn opened the iron
gate and the barrier, to allow the stream to pass down to Islmbl,
where it discharges itself into the White Sea, at the gate called
Istirdiyah kap-s (the Oyster-gate), now Lan-ghah kap-s. All this
was done by king Ynvn during the absence of king Vezendn, who was
gone on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. On his return, his uncle Kjah
Ynvn went over to Scutari to meet him; and as soon as they met:
Well, my uncle, said Vezendn, have you succeeded in your undertaking
with regard to the Danube?I dragged it, O king, said he, by the
hair, like a woman, into Mkedniyyah (Constantinople), through which
it now runs. Scarcely had he uttered this haughty answer, when, by the
command of God, the river suddenly returned, deserting its new bed, and
bursting forth in a large fountain, at a place called Dna-degirmnler
(the Mills of the Danube), between Vrnah and Parvd, where a mighty
stream turns a great number of mills, which supply all the people of
Dbrjah with flour. Another branch of the Danube bursts forth near
Kirk Kilis (the Forty Churches), from the rocks of Bunr-hisr (Castle
of the Source). A third branch broke out in the lakes of Buyk and
Kuchk Chekmejeh, whence it unites with the Grecian (Rm) sea. The
proof that all these streams have their source in the Danube is that
they contain fish peculiar to that river, such as tunnies, sturgeons,
&c., as I myself have more than once witnessed, when observing what
the fishermen caught in the lakes just named. It is also mentioned in
the historical work entitled _Tohfet_, that Yilderim Byazd (Bajazet)
when he conquered Nigehbl (Nicopolis) and Fet-h-islm, having heard
of the ancient course of the Danube, caused straw and charcoal to be
passed into it through the iron gate, and that they afterwards appeared
again at the above-named lakes Bunr-hisr and Dnah-degirmnler. When
travelling with the Princess Fatimah, daughter of Sultn Ahmed, and
Sulemn Beg, we stopped at the village of Azd-l, between Chatljeh
and Islmbl, where there are evident marks of the ancient channel
of the Danube, cut by art through rocks towering to the skies. We
penetrated into those caverns on horseback, with lighted torches, and
advanced for an hour in a northerly direction; but were obliged to
return by bad smells, and a multitude of bats as big as pigeons. If
the sultns of the house of Osmn should think it worth their while,
they might, at a small expense, again bring the waters of the Danube by
Yenbghcheh and Ak-ser to Islmbul.
The eighth builder of that city was a king of the name of Yaghfur,
son of Vezendn, who placed no less than three hundred and
sixty-six talismans (one for every day in the year) near the sea at
Seraglio-Point, and as many on the hills by land, to guard the city
from all evil, and provide the inhabitants with all sorts of fish.
The ninth builder was Kostantn (Constantine), who conquered the
ancient town and gave his name to the new city. He built a famous
church on the place where the mosque of Mohamed II. now stands, and a
large monastery, dedicated to St. John, on the hill of Zrek-bsh,
with the cistern near it; as well as the cisterns of Sultn Selm,
Svs tekiyeh-s, near Majnj Mahal-leh-si, and Kedek-Psh. He
erected the column in the _tk-bzr_ (poultry market), and a great
many other talismans.

SECTION IV.
_Concerning Constantine, the ninth Builder, who erected the Walls and
Castle of Constantinople._
He was the first Roman emperor who destroyed the idols and temples of
the Heathens, and he was also the builder of the walls of Islmbl.
Is (Jesus) having appeared to him in a dream, and told him to send
his mother Hellneh (Helena) to build a place of worship at his
birth-place Betu-l-lahm (Bethlehem), and another at the place of
his sepulchre in Kudsi Sherf (Jerusalem), he despatched her with an
immense treasure and army to Felestn (Palestine); she reached Yfah
(Jaffa), the port of Jerusalem, in three days and three nights, built
the two churches named above, and a large convent in the town of
Nbuls.
_The Discovery of the true Cross._
By the assistance of a monk called Maghriys (Macarius), she found
the place where the true cross was buried. Three trees in the form of
crosses were found in the same grave, and the moment, as the Christians
relate, a dead body was touched by them, it came to life again: this
day was the 4th of Ell (September), which is therefore celebrated by
the Christians as the feast of the Invention of the Cross, and has ever
since been held as a great festival by the Greeks. Hellneh also built
the convent of the Kammeh (_i.e._ the church of the holy sepulchre) on
the spot where the dead body had been restored to life, spent immense
sums of money in repairing and adorning the mosque of Al-aks built on
the site of the temple of Solomon, restored Bethlehem, and did many
other charitable and pious works. She then returned to Islmbl, and
presented the wood of the cross to her son Constantine, who received
it with the greatest reverence, and carried it in solemn procession
to the convent on the summit of Zrek-bsh. The noblest monuments of
his power and resolution to surpass all other princes in the strength
and durability of his works, are the walls of Constantinople. On the
land side of the city, from the Seven Towers at its western extremity
to Iyyb Ansr, he built two strongly fortified walls. The height of
the outer wall is forty-two cubits, and its breadth ten cubits; the
inner wall is seventy cubits high and twenty broad. The space between
them both is eighty cubits broad, and has been converted into gardens
blooming as Irem; and at present, in the space between the Artillery
(Tp-kap) and Adrianople gates (Edreneh-kap), are the summer-quarters
(_ylk_) of the Zagharjes, or 64th regiment of the Janissaries.
Outside of the exterior wall he built a third, the height of which,
measured from the bottom of the ditch, is twenty-five cubits, and its
breadth six cubits; the distance between this and the middle wall
being forty cubits: and beyond the third wall there is a ditch one
hundred cubits broad, into which the sea formerly passed from the Seven
Towers as far as the gate of Silivr; and being admitted on the other
side from the gate of Iyyb Ansr to the Crooked gate (Egr-kap),
the town was insulated. This triple row of walls still exists, and
is strengthened by 1225 towers, on each of which ten watchful monks
were stationed to keep watch, day and night. The form of Islmbl is
triangular, having the land on its western side, and being girt by the
sea on the east and north, but guarded there also by a single embattled
wall, as strong as the rampart of Gog and Magog. Constantine having,

by his knowledge of astrology, foreseen the rise and ascendancy of the

Prophet, and dreading the conquest of his city by some all-conquering
apostle of the true faith, laid the foundation of these walls under
the sign of Cancer, and thus gave rise to the incessant mutinies by
which its tranquillity has been disturbed. It is eighteen miles in
circuit; and at one of its angles are the Seven Towers pointing to the
Kiblah (Meccah). The Seraglio-point (Ser-brun) forms its northern,
and the gate of Iyyb its third and north-western angle. Constantine
having taking to wife a daughter of the Genoese king (Jenz Krl),
allowed him to build some strong fortifications on the northern side of
the harbour, which were called Ghalatah, from the Greek word _ghalah_
(, mi k), bec
use Const
ntines cow-houses
nd d
iry were situ
ted
there.
_N
mes of Const
ntinop e in different Tonues._
Its first n
me in the L
tin tonue w
s M
kdniyy
h (M
cedoni
); then
Ynkvch
h in the Syri
n (Suryn), from its founder Ynk. Next
in the Hebrew (Ibr) A kesnder
h (A ex
ndri
) from A ex
nder;

fterw
rds Pzenteh (Byz
ntium); then for
time, in the
nu
e
of the Jews, Vezendniyyeh; then by the Fr
nks Y
hfriyyeh. When
Const
ntine h
d rebui t it the ninth time, it w
s c
ed Pzntiym
in the
nu
e of the Greeks,
nd Kost
nt
niyyeh; in Germ
n
Kost
ntn-p ; in the Muscovite tonue Tekriyy
h; in the
nu
e
of Afric
, Ghirnduviyyeh; in Hun
ri
n, Vizend-vr; in Po ish,
K
ntry
h; in Bohemi
n, A iyn; in Swedish (Esf
j), Khir
k ibn;
in F emish, Istehniyyeh; in French, Ahrndn
h; in Portuuese,
Ks
tiy
h; in Ar
bic, Kost
ntn
h; in Persi
n, K
s
ri Zemn; in
Indi
n, T
khti Rm (the throne of Rome); in Moh , Hkdrkn; in
Ttr, S
k ib
h; in the
nu
e of the Osmn s, Is mb . Tow
rds
the se
it w
s never defended by
ditch, which is there superf uous,
but by
sin e w
; but to u
rd the entr
nce of the Bosporus
nd
He espont,
nd to incre
se the security of the city, the c
st es
c
ed Ki du- -b
hren (_i.e._ the key of the two se
s), were bui t.
It is s
id to h
ve h
d three hundred
nd sixty-six 
tes in the time of
Const
ntine, who eft on y twenty-seven open,
nd w
ed up the rest,
the p
ces of which
re sti
visib e.

SECTION V.
_Concernin the circumference of Const
ntinop e._
In the ye
r 1044 (1634) when I w
s first come to ye
rs of m
nhood,
nd
used to w
k with my friends
over Is mb ,
t the time th
t Su tn
Murd IV. h
d m
rched

inst (Rivn) Erivn,
nd Kj
h B
rm Psh
w
s eft
s Kyim-m
km (viceroy), he used to visit my
te f
ther;

nd, in the course of convers
tion, inquire
bout the history of
Is mb . My ord, s
id my f
ther, it h
s been bui t nine times,
nd
nine times destroyed; but h
d never, since it h
s been in the h
nds of
the house of Osmn, f
en into such dec
y
s now, when w
ons miht
be
ny where driven throuh the w
s. He then suested to the Psh,
th
t this city, bein the envy of the kins of the e
rth,
nd the roy

residence of the house of Osmn, it wou d be unworthy him to suffer
its w
s to rem
in in th
t ruinous condition durin the period of his
overnment;
nd th
t when the Su tn returned victorious from Rivn, he

wou d be overjoyed on seein the ood city, his nest,
s bri i
nt

s
pe
r ,
nd compens
te this service by
re remuner
tions, whi e
the n
me of the Psh wou d
so be b essed by future ener
tions for
so meritorious
work. A who were present
pp
uded wh
t my f
ther
h
d s
id,
nd he conc uded by repe
tin the _Ftih
h_. The M hs
of Is mb , Iyyb, Gh

t
h,
nd Uskudr (Scut
ri), the Shehr emn
(superintendent of the town), four chief
rchitects, Seybnbsh (the
third in r
nk
mon the officers of the J
niss
ries),
nd
other men
in office were immedi
te y summoned toether, with the Imms of the
4,700 divisions (m
h

h) of the city, for the purpose of ivin
id
in rep
irin the fortific
tions. M
ny thous
nds of m
sons
nd bui ders
h
vin been
ssemb ed, the re
t work w
s beun,
nd h
ppi y finished
in the sp
ce of one ye
r, before the return of the Su tn from his
victorious c
mp
in
t Rivn.
On receivin inte ience of the conquest of th
t fortress the joy
w
s univers
,
nd the city w
s i umin
ted for seven d
ys
nd seven
nihts. It w
s then th
t
c
usew
y, twenty cubits bro
d, w
s formed

t the foot of the w
,
on the se
-shore, from Ser
 io-Point to
the Seven Towers;
nd on it
hih ro
d w
s m
de for the convenience of
the s
i ors, who dr
 their vesse s by ropes round the point into the
h
rbour. C ose to the w
,

the houses, within
nd without, were
purch
sed by overnment,
nd pu ed down to m
ke room for the ro
d,
nd
I then w
s en
b ed to me
sure the circumference of the city, by p
cin
it round
s I sh
now exp
in.
H
vin s
id
_bismi
h_ on settin out,
nd oin
on the ede
of the ditch, from the Seven Towers to Ab Iyyb Ensr, I found the
dist
nce me
sured 8,810 p
ces, exc usive of the eiht 
tes. From the
itt e 
te of Iyyb to the G
rden-
te (Bhcheh k
p), inc udin
the M
rtyrs 
te (Shehd k
p-s),
sp
ce comprehendin fourteen

tes, there
re 6,500 p
ces. The new p

ce (Yen ser), which is
the thresho d of the
bode of fe icity (Asitnehi Dru-s-sedet),
beinnin from the b
r ey-r
n
ry (Arp-enbr), which is ne
r the
he
d- ime-burners 
te (kirej-ch bsh k
p-s), h
s, in its who e
circumference, sixteen 
tes, ten of which
re open,
nd six c osed,
except on extr
ordin
ry occ
sions. The entire circuit of this new
p

ce, bui t by Moh
mmed (II.) the conqueror, is 6,500 p
ces. The
dist
nce from the St
b e 
te (Akhr-k
p),
on the new-m
de hih
ro
d to the
n e of the Seven Towers, me
sures 10,000 p
ces,
nd
comprehends seven 
tes. Accordin to this c
cu
tion, the who e
circumference of Is mb me
sures 30,000 p
ces, h
vin ten towers in
every thous
nd p
ces,
nd four hundred towers in the sum tot
; but,
t
kin into the
ccount those in the trip e w
on the
nd side,
there
re
toether 1,225
re towers; of which, some
re squ
re,
some round, some hex
on
. When B
rm Psh h
d undert
ken
comp ete
rep
ir of the fortific
tions, he ordered the w
s to be me
sured by
the bui ders e (
rshn),
nd the who e circumference of the city w
s
found to be ex
ct y 87,000 e s or cubits (zir).
In the time of Kost
ntn (Const
ntine), there were five hundred c
nnons
p
nted on the
rsen
(Tp-khn
h) ne
r the e
d-m

zine, of which
the iron 
tes
re sti visib e; the s
me number w
s p
nted ne
r
Ser
 io-Point,
nd
hundred round the foot of the M
idens Tower
(Kiz ku eh-s, _i.e._ the Tower of Le
nder). Not
bird cou d cross
without bein struck from one of these three b
tteries, so secure
w
s Is mb from
ny hosti e
tt
ck. There w
s then
trip e ch
in
dr
wn from Gh

t
h to Yemish Iske eh-s, upon which

re bride
w
s bui t,
ffordin
p
ss
e for comers
nd oers,
nd openin when
necess
ry to
ow the ships to o throuh. There were two other

brides
so
cross the se
, from B
t k
p-s (P

ce 
te) to

the 
rden of the
rsen
(Ters-khneh-bhcheh-s),
nd from Iyyb
to Sd jeh. In the time of Ynk Ibn Mdiyn,
so,
trip e ch
in
of iron w
s dr
wn
cross the str
its of the B
ck Se
(K
r
h deniz
bhz),
t the foot of the c
st e c
ed Yrz (_i.e._ the c
st e of
the Genoese), in order to prevent the p
ss
e of the enemys ships.
I h
ve seen fr
ments of these ch
ins, which
re sti preserved
t
Is mb in the m

zines of the
rsen
, e
ch rin of which is
s
wide
cross
s
m
ns w
ist, but they now ie covered with s
nd
nd
rubbish. Is mb w
s then in so f ourishin
st
te, th
t the who e
shore to Si ivr one w
y,
nd to Terkz on the B
ck Se
the other,
w
s covered with towns
nd vi
es to the number of twe ve hundred,
surrounded by 
rdens
nd viney
rds,
nd fo owin e
ch other in
uninterrupted succession. Const
ntine, h
vin re
ched the summit of
re
tness
nd power, cou d e
si y h
ve conquered the wor d, but he
preferred emp oyin the rem
inder of his ife in the embe ishment of
his c
pit
. On the re
t festiv
s, such
s the Red-e-d
ys (Kizi
ymurt
h n er, _i.e._ E
ster), Mother Meryems d
ys (the Fe
sts
of the Virin), Isv
t Nik
h (St. Nico
s), Ksim (St. Demetrius),
Khizr I ys (St. Geore), Ash-ds, (i.e. the Fe
st of the Ex
t
tion
of the Cross, on the 14th of September), the c
stin of the crosses
into the w
ter (the Epiph
ny), the d
ys of K
r
h-kndj z (prob
b y
d
ys on which evi spirits were exorcised),
nd on

Sund
ys (Bzr
n er, _i.e._ m
rket d
ys), the w
s of Const
ntinop e were covered
with sc
r et c oth,
nd the emperor himse f, h
vin his be
rd
dorned
with pe
r s,
nd the K
y
ni
n crown of A ex
nder on his he
d, w
ked in
so emn procession throuh the streets of the city.
_The number of P
ces between e
ch of the twenty-seven G
tes._
From the Kshk (Kiosk) to the 
te of the Seven Towers

1,000 p
ces.

From thence to the Si ivr-
te

2,010

To the Yen-k
p (New-
te)

1,000

To the Tp-k
p (C
nnon-
te)

2,900

To the Adri
nop e-
te

1,000

To the Er-k
p (Crooked-
te)

These six 
tes
re

Adri
nop e.

on the west side of the city,

From thence to the Iyyb Ensr-
te

900
ookin tow
rds
1,000 p
ces.

To the B
t k
p-s (the 
te of the P

tium)

700

Fns-k
p-s (F
n
-
te)

900

To the Petr
h-k
p

600

To the Yen-k
p (New-
te)

100

To the Ay-k
p

300

To the Jub -k
p

400

To the Un-k
pn-k
p (F our-m
rket-
te)

400

The Ayzm
h-k
p (Fount
in-
te)

400

To the Odn-k
p (Timber-
te)

400

To the Zindn-k
p-s (Prison-
te)

300

To the B uk-bzr-k
p (Fish-m
rket-
te)

400

To the Yen jm
-k
p-s (New Mosque-
te)

300

This, which is
so c
ed the V ideh k
p-s (Queen Mothers-
te),

w
s erected in order to ive
ccess to the new mosque bui t by th
t
princess.
From thence to Shehd k
p-s (M
rtyrs-
te)

300 p
ces.

These fourteen 
tes, from Iyyb-k
p-s to Shehd-k
p-s,

open
to the se
-shore,
nd f
ce the north. The 
tes in the circuit of
the imperi
p

ce (_ser humyn_)
re
priv
te,
nd
re, 1.
the Kirech-j ( ime-burners); 2. the Ohrn, from which the corpses
of crimin
s executed in the ser
 io
re thrown into the se
; 3.
the B ukch (fishmoners); 4. the Ich khr (privy st
b e 
te),
ookin southw
rd;
nd 5. the 
te of By
zd khn, which
so f
ces
the south, but is not
w
ys open. 6. The imperi
(Bbi humyn) or

te of fe icity (Bbi S
det),
so open to the south,
nd within
it there
re three 
tes in the s
me ine: one of them is the (7.)
Serv-k
p-s (the cypress 
te), by which the Su tn issues when he
visits S
nct
Sophi
, or t
kes his rounds throuh the city in disuise;

nother is (8.) Su tn Ibrhms 
te,
so openin to the south,
ne
r the co d sprin (_sk cheshmeh_);
third is (9.) the Sk
Moh
mmed Psh k
p-s,
sm


te ne
r the A -kshk, ookin
to the west;
fourth,
so f
cin westw
rd, is (10.) Su emn Khn
k
p-s,
sm

te now
w
ys shut. (11.) The iron 
te (Demir k
p)
is

re port
f
cin the west,
nd
ppropri
ted to the use of the
Bstnjs
nd imperi
f
vourites (Mushib er, _i.e._ ). The

bve-menned egh pv
e g
es, fm he Akh k
p  he Dem
k
p,
ll pen n he cy; bu hee
e nne he pv
e g
es
penng  he se
n he Se
gl-Pn,
nd f
cng he nh.
The whle ccu f he Se
gl me
sues
Fm he Pvy S
ble  he Publc S
ble-g
e
(khss--m kh k
p-s), hee
e

6,500 p
ces.
200

Fm hence  he Chld (Bken-g
e)

1,300

T he Km-k
p (S
nd-g
e)

1,200

T he Lnk
h-g
e

1,400

Thence  he g
e f Dd Psh

1,600

T he S
my
h-g
e

800

T he Nl-g
e

1,600

T he g
e f he nne c
sle f he Seven Twes

2,000

Seven f hese g
es pen w
ds he e
s,
nd
s he wnds blw fm
he suh-e
s wh ge
 vlence, he qu
y bul by B
m Psh
w
s sn desyed, s h
 when I p
ced he ccu,
s menned

bve, n he egn f Ibhm Khn, I w
s blged  p
ss beween he
S
ble-g
e
nd he Seven Twes, whn he w
lls. I hen fund he
whle ccu  be 29,810 p
ces; bu, n B
m Pshs me, when I
wen usde he w
lls,  me
sued ex
cly 30,000 p
ces,  87,000
buldes cubs (_mm
shn_).

SECTION VI.
_On he wndeful T
lsm
ns whn
nd whu Ks
nneh._
Fs 
lsm
n. In he Ave-Bz (fem
le-sl
ve-m
ke), hee s

lfy clumn (he pll
 f Ac
dus) f whe m
ble, nsde f whch
hee s
wndng s
c
se. On he usde f , fgues f he
sldes f v
us n
ns, Hndusnes, Kudsnes,
nd Mlnes,
whm Ynk bn Mdyn v
nqushed, wee sculpued by hs cmm
nd;
nd
n he summ f  hee w
s
ncenly
f
y-cheeked fem
le fgue
f ne f he be
ues f he
ge, whch nce
ye
 g
ve
sund, n
whch m
ny hunded hus
nd knds f bds,
fe flyng und
nd
und he m
ge, fell dwn  he e
h,
nd beng c
ugh by he peple
f Rm (Rmel
), pvded hem wh
n
bund
n me
l. Afew
ds,
n he
ge f Ks
nn, he mnks pl
ced bells n he p f , n
de  gve
n
l
m n he
pp
ch f
n enemy;
nd subsequenly,

 he bh f he Pphe, hee w
s
ge
 e
hqu
ke, by whch
he s
ue
nd
ll he bells n he p f he pll
 wee hwn dwn
psy-uvy,
nd he clumn self bken n peces: bu, h
vng been
fmed by 
lsm
nc
,  culd n be enely desyed,
nd p

f  em
ns
n ex
dn
y spec
cle  he pesen d
y.
Secnd 
lsm
n. In he Tk-Bz (puly-m
ke) hee s
nhe
needle-lke clumn (he pll
 f Thedsus), fmed f m
ny peces
f ed emey (_smpeh_) sne,
nd
hunded y
l cubs (_z
melk_) hgh. Ths w
s
ls d
m
ged by he e
hqu
ke whch ccued
n he w nghs dung whch he Pde f he Wld w
s c
lled n
exsence; bu he buldes g  und wh n hps,
s hck
s

m
ns hgh, n fy pl
ces, s h
  s sll fm
nd s
ndng.
I w
s eeced
hunded
nd fy ye
s befe he e
f Iskende;

nd Ks
nn pl
ced

lsm
n n he p f  n he fm f

s
lng, whch nce
ye
 cl
pped hs wngs,
nd bugh
ll he
bds n he
  he pl
ce, e
ch wh hee lves n hs be
k
nd

lns, f he s
me pupse
s w
s el
ed
bve.
Thd 
lsm
n. A he he
d f he Sej-khneh (s
ddles b
z
), n
he summ f
clumn sechng  he skes (he pll
 f M
c
n),
hee s
ches f whe m
ble, n whch he unlucky-s
ed d
ughe
f kng Puzenn (Byz
nus) les bued;
nd  peseve he em
ns
fm
ns
nd sepens w
s hs clumn m
de

lsm
n.
Fuh 
lsm
n. A he pl
ce c
lled Al Meme (he sx m
bles),
hee
e sx clumns, evey ne f whch w
s
n bsev
y, m
de by
sme f he
ncen s
ges. On ne f hem, eeced by he H
km Flks
(Phlp), ld f he c
sle f K
vl
h, w
s he fgue f
bl
ck fly,
m
de f b
ss, whch, by s ncess
n hummng, dve
ll fles
w
y
fm Islmbl.

Ffh 
lsm
n. On
nhe f he sx m
ble clumns, Ifln (Pl
)

he dvne m
de he fgue f
gn
,
nd fm h
 me hee s n
fe
 f
sngle gn
s cmng n Islmbl.
Sxh 
lsm
n. On
nhe f hese clumns, he H
km Bk
(Hppc
es) pl
ced he fgue f
sk,
nd nce
ye
, when 
ueed
cy,
ll he sks whch h
d bul he ness n he cy
ded ns
nly. T hs me, n
sk c
n cme
nd buld s nes
whn he w
lls f Islmbl, hugh hee
e pleny f hem n he
sububs f Ab Iyyb Ens.
Sevenh 
lsm
n. On he p f
nhe f he sx m
ble clumns,
Sk he H
km (_.e._ Sc
es he s
ge) pl
ced
b
zen cck, whch
cl
pped s wngs
nd cwed nce n evey weny-fu hus,
nd n
he
ng 
ll he ccks f Islmbl beg
n  cw. And  s
f
c,
h
  hs d
y he ccks hee cw e
le h
n hse f he
pl
ces, seng up he _k-k-kd_ (_.e._ cwng)
 mdngh,

nd hus w
nng he sleepy
nd fgeful f he
pp
ch f d
wn
nd
he hu f p
ye.
Eghh 
lsm
n. On
nhe f he sx clumns, Fsgh (Pyh
g
s
he Un

n), n he d
ys f he pphe Sulemn (Slmn), pl
ced
he fgue f
wlf, m
de f bnze (_j_), he e f
ll he
wlves; s h
 he flcks f he peple f Islmbl p
sued vey
s
fely whu
shephed,
nd w
lked sde by sde wh un
med wlves
vey cmf
bly.
Nnh 
lsm
n. On
nhe f hese clumns wee he fgues n b
ss
f
yuh
nd hs msess n clse emb
ce;
nd wheneve hee w
s

ny clness  qu
ellng beween m
n
nd wfe, f ehe f hem
wen
nd emb
ced hs clumn, hey wee sue h
 vey ngh  h
ve
he
fflced he
s esed by he jys f lve, hugh he pwe
f hs 
lsm
n, whch w
s mved by he sp f he s
ge As
ls
(Asle).
Tenh 
lsm
n. Tw fgues f n h
d been pl
ced n
nhe f he
sx clumns by he physc
n Jlns (G
len). One w
s
decep ld
m
n, ben duble;
nd ppse   w
s
c
mel-lp su-f
ced h
g,
n s
ghe h
n he cmp
nn:
nd when m
n
nd wfe led n h
ppy
lfe gehe, f ehe f hem emb
ced hs clumn,
sep

n w
s
sue  
ke pl
ce. Wndeful 
lsm
ns wee desyed, hey s
y, n
he me f h

sylum f
psleshp (Mh
mmed),
nd
e nw bued
n he e
h.
Elevenh 
lsm
n. On he se f he b
hs f Suln By
zd Vel
hee w
s
qu
d
ngul
 clumn, eghy cubs hgh, eeced by
n

ncen s
ge n
med Kby,
s

lsm
n
g
ns he pl
gue, whch
culd neve pev
l n Islmbl
s lng
s hs clumn w
s s
ndng. I
w
s
few
ds demlshed by h
 suln, wh eeced
he
-ejcng
_h
mmm_ n s pl
ce;
nd n h
 vey d
y ne f hs sns ded f he
pl
gue, n he g
den f Dd Psh usde f he Ad
nple-g
e,
nd
w
s bued n
n elev
ed pl
fm (_sff
h_) whu: snce whch me
he pl
gue h
s pev
led n he cy.
Twelfh 
lsm
n. In he Tekf Se, ne
 he Eg k
p, hee w
s

l
ge sld bus f bl
ck sne, n whch
m
n n
med Muh
ydk pl
ced

b
zen fgue f
demn (_
f_), whch nce
ye
 sp u fe

nd fl
mes;
nd wheve c
ugh
sp
k kep  n hs kchen;
nd,
s
lng
s hs he
lh w
s gd, h
 fe w
s neve exngushed.

Theenh 
lsm
n. On he sk f he pl
ce c
lled Zek-bsh hee

s
c
ven dedc
ed  S. Jhn,
nd evey mnh, when he pecng
cld f wne h
s se n, seve
l bl
ck demns (_knjlz_) hde
hemselves hee.
Fueenh 
lsm
n. T he suh f Ay Sfy
h hee wee fu lfy
clumns f whe m
ble, be
ng he s
ues f he fu cheubs
(_kebl_), G
bel (Jebyl), Mch
el (Mkyl), R
f
el (Isfl),

nd Az
el (Azyl), uned w
ds he nh, suh, e
s,
nd wes.
E
ch f hem cl
pped hs wngs nce
ye
,
nd febded desl
n,
w
, f
mne,  peslence. These s
ues wee upse when he Pphe
c
me n exsence, bu he fu clumns sll em
n
publc
spec
cle, ne
 he sube
neus spngs (_chuk cheshmeh_) f Ay
Sfy
h.
Ffeenh 
lsm
n. The ge
 wk n he Amedn (Hppdme), c
lled
Mlyn-p (Mllum?), s
lfy clumn, me
sung
hunded
nd ffy
cubs (_
shn_) f buldes me
sue. I w
s cnsuced by de f
Ks
nn, f v
us clued snes, clleced fm he 300,000
ces f whch he w
s kng,
nd desgned  be
n een
l mnumen f
hs pwe,
nd
 he s
me me

lsm
n. Thugh he mddle f 
hee 
n
hck n
xs, und whch he v
us clued snes
wee pl
ced,
nd hey wee
ll kep gehe by
m
gne,
s l
ge
s
he cupl
f
b
h (_h
mmm_), fxed n s summ. I sll em
ns

l
sng mnumen;
nd s bulde, he he
d
chec, Ghbn by
n
me, les bued
 he f f .
Sxeenh 
lsm
n. Ths s
ls
n belsk f ed clued sne,
cveed wh v
us sculpues,
nd su
e n he A-medn. The
fgues n s sdes feell he dffeen funes f he cy. I
w
s eeced n he me f Ynk bn Mdyn, wh s epesened n
 sng n hs hne,
nd hldng
ng n hs h
nd, mplyng
symblc
lly, I h
ve cnqueed he whle wld,
nd hld  n my
h
nds lke hs ng. Hs f
ce s uned w
ds he e
s,
nd kngs
s
nd befe hm, hldng dshes, n he guse f begg
s. On
nhe

e he fgues f hee hunded men eng
ged n eecng he belsk,
wh he v
us m
chnes used f h
 pupse. Is ccumfeence s
such h
 en men c
nn sp
n ;
nd s fu
ngles es n fu
b
zen se
s, such h
, when ne expeenced n he buldes
 h
s
lked
 , he pus hs fnge n hs muh.
Seveneenh 
lsm
n. A s
ge n
med Suendeh, wh flushed n he d
ys
f e, unde kng Pzenn, se up
b
zen m
ge f
ple-he
ded
d
gn (_
zhdeh_) n he Amedn, n de  desy
ll sepens,
lz
ds, scpns,
nd such lke psnus eples:
nd n

psnus be
s w
s hee n he whle f Mkednyy
h. I h
s nw he
fm f
wsed sepen, me
sung en cubs
bve
nd
s m
ny belw
he gund. I em
ned hus bued n mud
nd e
h fm he buldng
f Suln Ahmeds msque, bu unnjued, ll Selm II., sun
med
he dunken, p
ssng by n hseb
ck, kncked ff wh hs m
ce he
lwe j
w f h
 he
d f he d
gn whch lks  he wes. Sepens
hen m
de he
ppe

nce n he wesen sde f he cy,
nd snce
h
 me h
ve becme cmmn n evey p
 f . If, meve, he
em
nng he
ds shuld be desyed, Islmbl wll be cmpleely e
en
up wh vemn. In sh, hee wee
ncenly, el
ng  he l
nd

 Islmbl, hee hunded
nd sxy-sx 
lsm
ns lke hse nw
descbed, whch
e
ll h
 nw em
n.

_T
lsm
ns el
ng  he Se
._

Fs 
lsm
n. A he Chld-k
p, n he sde f he p
l
ce f

n empe whm he sun neve s
w, hee w
s he b
zen fgue f

demn (_dv_) upn
squ
e clumn, whch sp fe,
nd bun he
shps f he enemy wheneve  w
s hey
pp
ched fm he Whe Se

(Achpel
g).
Secnd 
lsm
n. In he g
lley-h
bu (_k
dgh
h lmn_) hee w
s

b
zen shp, n whch, nce
ye
, when he cld wne-nghs h
d
se n,
ll he Wches f Islmbl used  emb
k
nd s
l
bu ll
mnng,  gu
d he Whe Se
. I w
s
p
 f he spls c
pued
wh he cy by Mh
mmed II. he cnque.
Thd 
lsm
n. Anhe b
zen shp, he cunep
 f hs, w
s
cnsuced
 he Tp-khn
h (c
nnn-fundey), n whch
ll he
wz
ds
nd cnjus kep gu
d w
ds he Bl
ck Se
. I w
s bken
n peces when Yezd Ibn Mvyy
h cnqueed Gh
l

h.
Fuh 
lsm
n. A Se
gl-Pn hee w
s
ple-he
ded b
zen
d
gn, spng fe,
nd bunng
ll he enemys shps
nd b
s
whcheve w
y hey c
me.
Ffh 
lsm
n. Thee wee
ls, ne
 he s
me pl
ce, hee hunded

nd sxy-sx lfy clumns be
ng he fgues f
s m
ny m
ne
ce
ues;
Whe sun fsh (_kh
msn blgh_) f ex
mple, whch,
when  ueed
cy, lef n
fsh f h
 knd n he Bl
ck Se
,
bu bugh hem
ll  M
kedn, whee
ll he peple g
gd
bellyful f hem.
The sxh 
lsm
n w
s, h
, dung
ll he fy d
ys f Len,
ll
knds f fsh wee hwn
she by he se
,
nd c
ugh whu
ny
uble by he peple f Rm (Tukey).
All hese 
lsm
ns h
vng been vehwn by he ge
 e
hqu
ke n
he ngh f he pphes bh, he clumns whch be hem sll le
sewed lke
p
vemen
lng he Se
gl-Pn, fm he Selmyyeh
Kshk,  he c
sle f Snn Psh,
nd
e m
nfes  hse wh
p
ss
lng n b
s. Thugh upse hey sll e
n he 
lsm
nc
vues,
nd evey ye
 bng m
ny hus
nd fshes  he she.
Thee wee
ls weny-fu clumns und Islmbl, e
ch be
ng


lsm
n. All culd be vsed by
m
n n ne d
y, pvded  w
s

d
y f ffeen hus: nw he lnges d
y
 Islmbl, fm sun-se
 sun-se, s ffeen hus
nd
h
lf. Th
 cy s su
ed n he
mddle f he ffh clm
e,
nd heefe enjys excellen

nd
w
e.

SECTION VII.
_Cncenng he Mnes whn
nd whu he Cy f Ks
nn._
By Gds wll hee w
s
ncenly
ge
 c
ven n Islmbl, belw
he Sulns msque (Suln jm-s), flled wh sulphu, ne,
nd
bl
ck pwde, fm whch hey dew supples n me f need. H
vng,
by he decee f he
ven, been suck by lghnng n he me f

Ks
nn, ,
ccdng  u 
dn,
 he me f he 
kng f

he cy by he cnque,
ll he l
ge buldngs ve he c
ven wee
blwn up,
nd f
gmens f hem sc
eed n evey decn; sme m
y
sll be seen
 Uskud (Scu
), hes
 S
lj
k bun,
nd Kz
k (Ch
lcedn); ne l
ge pece, p
cul
ly, c
lled he K
b-sh,

nd lyng n he se
befe he chsmehle ekkyeh,  he nh f
he vll
ge f Funduk-l, ne
 Tp-khn
h, w
s pb
bly hwn hee
when he cy w
s blwn up.
In he neghbuhd f he c
sle f Km-bgh
z, h
lf
d
ys juney
fm he Seven Twes,  he suh f Islmbl,
fne whe s
nd s
fund, n ge
 eques
mng he hu-gl
ss m
kes
nd gldsmhs f
Islmbl
nd Fengsn (Eupe).
Ne
 he pvy-g
den f Dd Psh, usde f he Ad
nple-g
e,
hee
e seven sne qu
es, whch
ppe
  be nexh
usble. I s
c
lled he sne f Khz, bec
use  w
s pned u by h
 pphe
f he cnsucn f Ay Sfy
h.
A knd f sf cl
y (_n_) lke elecu
y (_m
jn_), fund ne
 he
subub f Ab Iyyb
ns, s c
lled n
ns;  h
s
swee scen
lke e
sgll

(_n m
khm_), fm he sl
nd f Almn
(Jezeh Almn, .e. Lemns);
nd  s used f he sgll
e e
h
fund
 Lemns; m
kng jugs,
d
ugh fm whch efeshes lke

d
ugh f he w
e f lfe.
Fm
pl (_buheeh_) beween he sububs f Iyyb Suln
nd
Khs-k, dves bng up
knd f bl
ck cl
y, whch s excellen f
m
kng jugs, cups, pl
es,
nd
ll knds f e
henw
e.
The spngs f Jendeeh-j, n he delghful pmen
de (_meseh-gh_)
c
lled Kghd Khn
h (K
he-h
neh,  les e
ux duces, _.e._
fesh-w
e spngs),
e f
mus
ll ve he wld. The  f
knd
f lgn-
les (_eke_) s fund hee supe  h
 f Azk (Assv),
he cy f Kedeh,  he c
n
l f he c
sle f K
nzzh
h. One f
s wndeful ppees s, h
 when
m
n e
s f   cc
sns

hus
nd euc
ns;  f
ens ses m
vellusly,
nd he F
nks
f Gh
l

h cme
nd c
ch hem,
nd use hem n
ll he medcnes
wh ge

dv
n
ge.
A S Y, nh f Kghd Khneh,
knd f femened cl
y s fund,
whch smells lke musk,
nd s used n m
kng jugs
nd cups, whch
e
much v
lued,
nd ffeed
s pesens  he ge
.
A he vll
ge f S Y, ne
 he en
nce f he s
 f he
Bl
ck Se
, hee s
lfy mun
n f yellw-clued e
h, cveed
wh g
dens
nd vney
ds up  s summ. On s usde, ne
 
he se
-she, hee s
c
ven cn
nng
mne f pue gld, fee
fm
ny
lly f Hung

n (Ungus) Bndkn b
ss. Fm he me
f he nfdels ll he egn f Suln Ahmed,  w
s
n mpe
l
dm
n, f
med u f ne hus
nd yk f
spes (l
ds, e
ch equ
l
 100,000). The Defed, Ekmek-j-zdeh Ahmed Psh, clsed ,
s
bngng lle n he e
suy;  s nw, heefe, negleced, bu
f pened
g
n by he Sulns de wuld be fund
vey v
lu
ble
mne.
Fm hs mun
n n he v
lley f Gk-s, ne
 he c
sles (_hs_)
n he Bsphus,
knd f lme s b
ned whch s whe h
n snw,
cn,  mlk,
nd c
nn be m
ched n he wld.

In he s
me f
vue pl
ce f es, he v
lley f Gk-s,
knd f

ed e
h s fund, f whch jugs, pl
es,
nd dshes
e m
de;
nd he
dcs s
y, h
 pue w
e dunk u f vessels m
de f hs e
h
cues he bsu demev (bld-sh eyes?).
In he mun
ns ne
 he wn f Uskud (Scu
), s fund
knd f
fssl whesne (_k
yghn_), whch be
ks n l
ge sl
bs,
nd s much
used f mbsnes.
Bene
h he p
l
ce knwn by he n
me f Gh
l

h-se,
bve he
subub f Tp-khn
h, s
n n mne, c
lled he mne f ld Islmbl,

nd he e ex
ced fm  s knwn by h
 n
me
ll ve he wld.
N
sul n he unvese knew
ny hng f  ll Khz pned 
u, n he me f kng Feend, f he buldng f Ay Sfy
h;
nd

ll he nwk f h
 edfce,
s well
s he n hps und he
clumn n Tk-bz [Fum Theds], wee m
de f n fm Esk
Smbl. The mne w
s wked ll he me f Suln By
zd Vel, wh
w
s much ple
sed wh he

nd w
e f he pl
ce,
nd fen spen
sme me hee;
nd h
vng been
dmnshed n
de
m by he Pphe,
funded
hsp
l
nd cllege n he sp;
nd h
vng fn
lly m
de

schl f p
ges f he se
gl, he mne w
s
b
ndned. The
humble we f hs emembes, n he me f hs yuh, when Osmn
he M
y w
s n he hne, hee w
s beween he le
d-m
g
zne
(_kshnl m
khzen_)
nd Tp-k
p
m
nuf
cy f D
m
scus bl
des,
m
de fm he n f hs mne, whee Mh
med he Cnque, wh
es
blshed , h
d ms excellen bl
des m
de. I myself h
ve seen
Mus
f, he he
d swd-m
ke f Suln Mud IV.,
nd m
se f lle
D
vd, wkng n h
 m
nuf
cy. I w
s
l
ge buldng, usde f
he w
lls, n he se
-she. Afew
ds, when Suln Ibhm
scended
he hne, K

Mus
f Psh bec
me
m
y,
nd evey hng w
s
hwn n cnfusn; hs buldng w
s uned n
huse f he
Jews, by Al Agh, supenend
n f he cusm-huse,
nd nehe he
n
me, n
ny 
ce f he mne  he swd m
nuf
cy,
e  be
fund.
The heenh mne s h
 mne f men, he Gd Cy, _.e._
Ks
nnyyeh, whch s
n ce
n f men
nd be
uful wmen, such
s
s  be fund n whee else. I s s
d, h
 f
hus
nd men de

nd
hus
nd
nd ne
e bn, he 
ce s pp
g
ed by h
 ne.
Bu Islmbl s s v
s
cy, h
 f
hus
nd de n , he w
n
f hem s n fel n such
n ce
n f men;
nd  h
s heefe been
c
lled Kn Insn,
mne f men.

SECTION VIII.
_Seges f Cns
nnple._
In he fy-hd ye
 f he Hjeh (A.D. 663), Mvyy
h bec
me
Cmm
nde f he F
hful;
nd n he cuse f hs egn sen hs
cmm
nde n chef Mslem
h, sn f Abdu-l-m
lk,
 he he
d f

hunded hus
nd men f he Sy
n
my, wh w hunded shps,
nd
w hunded 
nsps l
den wh pvsns,
mmunn, &c. fm he
p f Shm-T

h-bls (Tpl n Sy
),
nd usng n Gd, fs

g
ns he sl
nd f Ml
h, whch
 h
 me w
s Rds (Rhdes),

nd f whch hey m
de
cnques
lms
s sn
s hey dsemb
ked.
They nex pceeded  he sl
nds f Isnk (Cs), Skz (Sc),

Medell (Mylene), Almny
h (Lemns),
nd Bzj
h (Teneds), whch

wee 
ken n
few d
ys;
nd hey mmed
ely
few
ds l
d sege
 Ks
n
nyyeh, h
vng 
ken fu hunded shps n he p
ss
ge,

nd neceped
ll vessels l
den wh pvsns cmng fm he Whe
 Bl
ck Se
. The nfdels sn sued f pe
ce, n cndn f p
yng
he
nnu
l bue f
g
lley l
den wh mney;
nd he vcus
gene
l euned  A
b
wh jy
nd exul
n, c
yng wh hm
he mpue sn f h
 eng kng (_kl_) Hekl (He
clus)
s

hs
ge, wh e
sues  he
mun f sme mllns f p
ses.
_Secnd Sege._ In he ffy-secnd ye
 f he Hj
h f he pde
f he wld (A.D. 671), Eb Iyyb Ans, he s
nd
d-be
e f
he Pphe,
nd Abdull
h bn Abbs bn Zed, pceedng wh sme
hus
nds f he llusus cmp
nns f he Pphe,
nd 50,000
b
ve men, n w hunded shps, fllwed by enfcemens unde he
cmm
nd f Mslem
h, fs c
ed supples  he w
s f Islm n
g
sn
 Rds,
nd hen, c
sng
nch befe he Seven Twes
nd
l
ndng he men, l
d sege  Islmbl by se

nd l
nd. Thus, f
sx mnhs, dd hs hs, whch h
d he f
g
nce f P

dse, cnend
d
y
nd ngh wh he nfdels. By he wse decee f Gd. Eb Iyyb
he le
de suffeed m
ydm n ne f hese
ss
uls, by
n
w
fm
css-bw: bu,
ccdng 
sue 
dn, he w
s eceved
n mecy (_.e._ he ded) f
dsde n hs bwels.
_Thd Sege._ In he ye
 f he Hj
h 91 (A.D. 710), by de f he
kh
lf Sulemn, sn f Abdu-ll
h f he Ben Umm
yy
h, hs nephew
Om
 bn Abdu-l-
zz m
ched by l
nd
g
ns Islmbl wh 87,000
men, wh 
v
ged Gh
l

h wh fe
nd swd,
nd h
vng c
ed
ff
n mmense by, cssed ve n Anl (N
l
);
nd
fe
h
vng l
d sege  Snb, whch m
de s pe
ce

ge
 pce,
nd
K
semn, he c
pue f whch lkewse  dd n ple
se Gd  m
ke
e
sy  hm, he euned  Sy
(Shm).
_The fuh Sege._ In A.H. 97 (A.D. 716), he s
me kh
lf
g
n sen
hs nephew Om
 bn Abdu-l-
zz
g
ns Islmbl, wh
n
my f
120,000 men by l
nd,
nd 80,000 emb
ked n hee hunded shps

se
. They es
blshed he wne-qu
es h
 ye
 n he wn
f Belks-An, ne
 Adnjk (Cyzcus), n he dsc f Bs
h,

nd n he fllwng spng hey l
d sege  Islmbl,
nd educed
he nh
b
ns  he ge
es dsess, by l
yng w
se
ll he
suundng felds
nd me
dws.
_The ffh Sege._ In he ye
 f he Hj
h, Om
 bn
Abdu-l-
zz, h
vng becme kh
lf f Shm (Sy
), sen
n
my f
100,000 men, by l
nd
nd by se
,
g
ns Islmbl,
nd cssng he
S
 f he Bl
ck Se

 Gh
l

h, cnqueed ,
nd bul he msque
f he le
d m
g
znes;
nd he msque f he A
bs (A
b jms)
n h
 subub w
s lkewse n
med fm s h
vng been bul by hm.
H
vng eeced
lfy he
ven-
spng we
 Gh
l

h, he c
lled 
Medne-l K
h (he Cy f Oppessn). He m
de pe
ce wh he Tekk
f Islmbl n cndn h
 Mh
mmed
ns shuld be
llwed  sele
n h
 cy, fm he Cked (Eg)
nd Ad
nple g
es,
nd he
hll n whch he Sulemnyy
h s
nds,  h
 f Zek-bsh,
nd
fm hence by he flu-m
ke (n-k
pn)
s f

s Iyyb Ens.
He bul he se-msque (Gul-jm) n he m
ke f Mus
f Psh,
eeced he cu f jusce ne
 he Skehj-ekyeh,
nd fmed

new dsc f he wn
 he summe-qu
es f Kj
h Mus
f Psh,
ne
 he Seven Twes. Anhe cndn n whch hs unllumn
ed
Tekk (empe) b
ned pe
ce, w
s he
nnu
l p
ymen f
bue
(kh
j) f 50,000 peces f gld. Om
 bn Abdu-l-
zz fxed

hs wne-qu
es
 Gh
l

h f h
 ye
, h
vng eceved he

bue due f hee hunded ye
s n cnsequence f
fme e
y,
dep
ed, le
vng Sulemn bn Abdu-l M
lk gven f Gh
l

h,

nd
ppnng Mselm
h hs G
nd Vz. Hs flee h
vng me ne

Rds ne f w hunded s
l, sen by he nfdels  succu he
Tekk,
ge
 b
le ensued;
nd jus
s he nfdels wee
bu 
be desyed,
smy wnd spung up
nd dve bh flees n she,
nwhs
ndng
ll he cheubms n he
ven emul
ed he ze
l f he
ue beleves n e
h. The Mslms dsemb
ked, l
d w
se
ll he
vll
ges und
bu, c
ed
w
y me h
n 3,000 hses,
sses,
nd
mules,
nd 23,000 psnes. The e
sues 
ken fm he shps whch
wee sunk, wee s ge
, h
 Gd nly knws he
mun;
nd he
numbe f he dus-lckng nfdels p
ssed ve he edge f he swd
such h
 he bnes le pled up n he
ps n
well knwn v
lley,
c
lled even nw Om
 Kdgh Jd, _.e._ he c
mp bken up by
Om
. Afe g
nng
nhe sgn
l vcy by se

nd l
nd, he
euned n Sy
(Shm).
_The sxh Sege._ In he ye
 f he hj
h 160 (A.D. 777) Mevn
bnu-l H
kem beseged Islmbl wh
n
my f 150,000 Mslms
nd

flee f
hus
nd shps dung sx mnhs,
dded hee new dscs

nd bul
msque n he M
hmmed
n p
 f he cy,
nd cmpelled
Mesendn, sn f He
kl (He
clus),  p
y
ye
ly bue f
500,000 glden ekynses, (_.e._ cns c
lled Dec
nus).
_The sevenh Sege._ Seveny-fu ye
s
fe he pe
ce m
de wh
Mevn, n he ye
 f he hj
h 239 (A.D. 853-4),
fe he cnques
f M
l
yy
h, Islmbl w
s pll
ged by he kh
lf Y
hy sn f Al,
wh euned  Kh
n (Ch
h)
fe h
vng sme 20,000 nfdels
wh he edge f he swd.
_The eghh Sege._ Sxeen ye
s
few
ds, A.H. 255 (A.D. 869),
Ily (El
s) sn f He
kl beng kng (kl) f Islmbl,
H
nu--
shd m
ched fm hs p

ds
c
l
bde
 he he
d f
50,000 ps; bu fndng  dffcul  effec he cnques f he
cy, he m
de pe
ce n cndn f ecevng
s much gund whn
he w
lls
s
bulls hde wuld cve. He heefe cu he hde n
sps, s
s  enclse sp
ce enugh n he dsc f Kj
h Mus
f
Psh f buldng
sng c
sle,
nd he fxed he
nnu
l bue

50,000 ful (flns). He hen euned  B
ghdd, h
vng leved he
bue (kh
j) due f he l
s en ye
s.
Abu hs me he nfdels, 
kng
dv
n
ge f he dssensns whch
pev
led
mng he Muselmns especng he kh
lf
, m
ss
ced
ll
hse es
blshed n Islmbl
nd Gh
l

h, n hweve whu ge

lss n he wn sde, he kng
nd y
l f
mly beng
ll sl
n;
n cnsequence f whch Ghnd Mhl (G
nd Mch
el),
g
ndsn
f He
kl wh h
d cme fm Fengsn, w
s m
de kng;
nd n h

vey d
y Seyyd Bb J
fe, ne f he descend
ns f Imm Hsen,

nd Shekh M
ksd, ne f he fllwes f Vesu-l-K
n, sen by
Hnu--
shd
s
mb
ss
ds, eneed Islmbl. They wee
ended by
hee hunded f
ks
nd hee hunded fllwes,
nd wee eceved by
he new kng wh nnume
ble hnus. The Shekh
sked
nd b
ned
pemssn  buy he em
ns f he m
ny hus
nd m
ys wh h
d
been sl
n n he l
e m
ss
ce, whch l
sed seven d
ys
nd seven
nghs. He mmed
ely se  wk,
nd wh he
d f hs wn hee
hunded f
ks
nd Bb J
fes hee hunded fllwes, bued hse
m
ny hus
nd m
ys n he pl
ces whee hey h
d ded. In he
ncen
buyng gund behnd he
sen
l, hee
e l
ge c
vens
nd
ncen
v
uls, whee, fm he me f Om
 bn Abdu-l-
zz, sme hus
nd

cmp
nns (f he Pphe) h
d been bued. T h
 pl
ce Shekh
M
ksd c
ed sme hus
nd bdes f hese m
ys,
nd bued hem
hee, whee, n
hewn sne, hee s wen n l
ge
nd legble
ch

ces, s h
  m
y be e
sly e
d, hs nscpn, s
d  be
by he Shekhs wn blessed h
nd:
These
e he men wh c
me
nd wen!
In hs f
l wld (_d fen_) wh
 h
ve hey dne?
They c
me
nd wen, wh
 h
ve hey dne?
A l
s  h endless wld (_d b
k_) heye gne.
I s  hs d
y celeb
ed hughu he wld
s
n ex
dn
y
nscpn,
nd s vsed by 
velles fm Rm (Geece), A
b
(A
b
),
nd Ajem (Pes
). Sme f hem, wh, n he expec
n f
fndng hdden e
sues, beg
n  wk
 hese
ncen buldngs wh
pck
xes lke _Fehds_, peshed n he
emp,
nd wee
ls bued
hee. Sme hly men m
ke plgm
ges  hs pl
ce b
ef n Fd
y
nghs,
nd ece he ch
pe enled Teksu (Kn, ch
p. 102); f
m
ny hus
nds f llusus cmp
nns (f he Pphe) _Mhjn_,
(wh fllwed hm n hs flgh),
nd _Anss_ (
uxl
es)
e bued
n hs pl
ce. I h
s been
ls
esed by sme hus
nds f he
pus, h
 hs bu
l gund h
s been seen sme hus
nds f mes
cveed wh lghs n he hly ngh f _Alk
d_ (_.e._ sxh f
_R
m
zn_).
In sh, Seyyd Bb J
fe, Hnu- 
shds
mb
ss
d, h
vng been
en
ged,
nd 
kng ffence
 hs n h
vng been well eceved by he
kng Ghnd Mhl, ep
ched hm bely,
nd suffeed m
ydm
by psn n cnsequence f . He w
s bued by Shekh M
ksd, wh
eceved
n de  h
 effec, n
pl
ce whn he psn f
he nfdels, whee,  hs d
y, hs n
me s nsuled by
ll he
unbelevng m
lef
cs, debs, mudees, &c. mpsned hee. Bu
when (Gd be p
sed!) Islmbl w
s 
ken, he psn h
vng lkewse
been c
pued, he g
ve f Seyyd J
fe Bb Suln, n he we f
he psn [he B
gn], bec
me
pl
ce f plgm
ge, whch s vsed
by hse wh h
ve been ele
sed fm psn,
nd c
ll dwn blessngs n
ppsn  he cuses f he unbeleves.
_The nnh Sege._ Thee ye
s
fe h
 ge
 even el
ed
bve,
Hnu--
shd m
ched fm B
ghdd wh
n mmense
my,  eque
he bld f he f
hful fm he nfdels f Rm (As
Mn
nd
Geece),
nd h
vng e
ched M
l
yy
h, whch w
s cnqueed by J
fe
Ghz, sun
med Seyyd B
l, h
 he led he v
ngu
d f he
my
n Rm;
nd Hn hmself bugh up he e
 wh enfcemens.
H
vng 
ken pssessn f he s
s, hey blck
ded he cy,
cu ff
ll s supples, g
ve n qu
e, slew 300,000 nfdels,
k 70,000 psnes,
nd m
de
n mmense by, whch hey sen 
H
leb (Alepp)
nd Iskenden,
nd hen euned l
den wh spls 
B
ghdd. Y
ghf (vd f lgh), he kng
 h
 me, w
s 
ken
psne
nd c
ed befe Hn, wh g
ve hm n qu
e, bu deed
hm  be hung n he belfy f Ay Sfyy
h (S
nc
Sph
). H
vng
been fm my nf
ncy desus f seeng he wld,
nd n em
nng n
gn
nce, I le
ned he Geek
nd L
n l
ngu
ges f my fend Smyn
(Smen) he gldsmh,  whm I expl
ned he Pes
n glss
y f
Shhd,
nd he g
ve me lessns n he Aleks
nde
h (Alex
nd
), _.e._
he Hsy f Alex
nde. He
ls e
d  me he hsy f Y
nvn,
fm whch hese ex
cs
e 
ken. Bu
fe he 
ce f he Cs
s
(K
ys
h) bec
me exnc n K
n, Ks
nnyy
h fell n he
h
nds f v
us pnces, ll he huse f Osmn
se n A.H. 699
(A.D. 1300),
nd,
 he suggesn f Alu-d-dn he Seljk, fs

uned s
enn  he cnques f h
 cy.

SECTION IX.
_Cncenng he Seges f Cns
nnple by he Om
n Empes._
The fs pn f he descend
ns f J
feh whch se s f
n he cuny f Rm (As
Mn) w
s he huse f he Seljk
ns,
wh, n
ll
nce wh he Dnshmend
n Ems, wesed, n A.H. 476
(A.D. 1083), he pvnces f M
l
yy
h, K
s
yy
h, Alyy
h,
K

mn,
nd Kny
h fm he h
nd f he Geek empes (K
s

Rm Ynnyn). They fs c
me fm Mveu-n-neh (T
nsx
n
).
On he exncn f he Seljk
n dyn
sy, A.H. 600 (A.D. 1204),
Sulemn-shh, ne f he begs (lds) f he wn f Mhn n
Tn,
nd hs sn Eghul, c
me n Rm,  he cu f Suln
Alu-d-dn. The l
e h
vng been se n hs fee
s
m
n
(e-ghlb),
nd m
de
beg by h
 pnce, m
de m
ny bll
n
cnquess,
nd,
 he de
h f Alu-d-dn, w
s eleced sveegn n
hs se
d, by
ll he ge
 men (
yn) f he cuny. He ded

he wn f Sukdjuk,
nd w
s succeeded by hs sn Osmn, wh w
s
he fs empe (pdshh) f h
 
ce. He esded
 Osmnjk,
fm whence he d
zzlng be
ms f he Mh
mmed
n f
h shed he
lgh ve Anl, Gemyn,
nd K

mn. In he me f hs sn
nd
success, he vcus khn, seveny-seven hees, fends f Gd
(evlyu-ll
h, _.e._ s
ns) fugh unde he b
nnes f he Pphe.
I w
s n hs egn, h
 he hly (vel) Hj Begsh, wh h
d been
n Kh
sn, ne f he fllwes f u ge

nces, h
 Tk f
Tks, Khj
h Ahmed Y
sev, c
me ve  hs c
mp wh hee hunded
devu (shb sejjdeh) f
ks c
yng dums
nd s
nd
ds,
nd,
s
sn
s hey h
d me khn, Bs
h w
s 
ken. Fm hence he pceeded
 he cnques f Cns
n
nyyeh. Hs sn, Sulemn Beg, jned by
he pemssn
nd
dvce f Begsh
nd seveny ge
 s
ns (evly),
wh fy b
ve men, such
s K

h Mus
l, K

h Kj
h, K

h Y
l
v,
K

h Bgh, K

h Sghl
h, n sh fy hees (b
hdu) c
lled
_K

h_ (bl
ck), cssed ve he se
n 
fs,
nd se f n he
sl f Rm, shung Bsmll
h, he Mh
mmed
n cy f w
. H
vng
l
d w
se he cuny n
ll sdes f he cy, hey cnqueed, n

Fd
y, he c
sle f Ip-s
l ( s c
lled Ip-s
l by
blunde f
Ibd s
l, _.e._ he cmmencemen p
ye),
nd h
vng ffeed up he
Fd
ys p
ye hee, hey pushed n  he g
es f Ad
nple, 
kng
Gelbl (G
lpl), Tek-gh (Rds),
nd Slv (Selymb
) n
he w
y,
nd euned vcus, l
den wh spls
nd c
pves,

fe
n
bsence f seven d
ys,  K
p-gh n he As
c she,
fm whence hey m
ched wh he by n Bs
h. The b
n f he
whle
my f Islm beng hus flled wh sweeness, he shes f Rm
wee m
ny mes nv
ded,
ll he neghbung cuny w
s l
d w
se,
n wee he nfdels (kfs)
ble  m
ke
ny ess
nce; whle he
Mslm hees fund me
ns f 
sng
nble pgeny by beng ed wh
he kn f m
mny  he be
uful vgns whm hey c
ed ff.
Suln Mud I., wh succeeded khn, fllwng he
dvce fmely
gven by Alu-d-dn Suln
nd Hj Begsh, m
de hmself m
se f he
cuny und Ks
n
nyyeh befe he
emped he cnques f he
cy self. He heefe fs k Edeneh (Ad
nple),
nd flled
 wh fllwes f Mh
mmed cmng fm Anl, whle he nfdels
culd n
dv
nce
sep beynd Islmbl. Hweve, hey cnved 


ssemble
n
my f 700,000 men n he pl
n f Ks-v (Cssv
),

ne
 he c
sle f Vecheen n Rm-l (Rmel
), whee, by he
decee f he Ce
 f he wld, hey wee
ll pu  he swd by
he vcus Khudvendk (Mud); bu whle w
lkng ve he de
d
bdes n he feld f b
le, p
sng Gd,
nd suveyng he cpses
f he nfdels dmed  hell (dz
kh), he w
s sl
n by
knfe
fm he h
nd f ne Vel
shk, wh l
y
mng he sl
n. The
ss
ssn
w
s ns
nly cu  peces,
nd Muds sn, Yldm By
zd Khn,
muned he hne. In de 
venge hs f
hes de
h, he fell
lke
hundebl n Kfsn (he l
nd f he unbeleves), slew
muludes f hem,
nd beg
n he enh sege f Ks
n
nyyeh.
Yldm By
zd wsely m
de Edeneh (Ad
nple) he secnd se
 f
empe,
nd beseged Islmbl dung seven mnhs wh
n
my f

hunded hus
nd men, ll he nfdels ced u h
 hey wee
e
dy  m
ke pe
ce n hs wn ems, ffeng  p
y
ye
ly bue
(kh
j) f 200,000 peces f gld. Dss
sfed wh hs pps
l,
he dem
nded h
 he Mh
mmed
ns (umme Mh
mmed) shuld ccupy,
s
f ld n he d
ys f Om
 bn Abdu-l-
zz,
nd Hnu--R
shd,
ne h
lf f Islmbl
nd Gh
l

h,
nd h
ve he he f
ll he
g
dens
nd vney
ds usde f he cy. The Tekk kng (_.e._
he Empe) w
s cmpelled f necessy 
ccep hese ems,
nd
weny hus
nd Musulmns h
vng been nduced n he wn, wee
es
blshed whn he fme bund
es. The Gul jm, whn he
Jebl k
p-s, w
s pufed wh se-w
e fm
ll he plluns f
he nfdels, whence  eceved s n
me f Gul-jm (_.e._ Rse
msque). A cu f jusce w
s es
blshed n he Skehj Tekyeh
n h
 neghbuhd; Gh
l

h w
s g
sned wh sx hus
nd men,

nd h
lf f ,
s f

s he we, gven up  he Mh
mmed
ns.
H
vng n hs m
nne cnqueed ne h
lf f Islmbl, By
zd euned
vcus  Edeneh. Sn
few
ds Tm Leng ssung fm he
l
nd f n wh hy-seven kngs
 hs sup, cl
med he
s
me submssn fm By
zd, wh, wh he sp
nd cu
ge f
n
empe, efused  cmply. Tm, heefe,
dv
nced
nd encuneed
hm wh
cunless
my. Twelve hus
nd men f he T lgh-hse
(eshknj),
nd sme hus
nds f f sldes, wh, by he b
d
cunsels f he v
z, h
d eceved n p
y, wen ve  he enemy;
nwhs
ndng whch By
zd, uged n by hs ze
l, pessed fw
ds
wh hs sm
ll fce, muned n
sy cl,
nd h
vng eneed he
hng f Tms
my, l
d
bu hm wh hs swd n
ll sdes,
s
s  ple he Ts n he
ps
ll
und hm. A l
s, by Gds
wll, hs hse h
 h
d neve seen
ny
cn fell unde hm,
nd he,
n beng
ble  se
g
n befe he Ts ushed upn hm, w
s

ken psne,
nd c
ed n Tms pesence. Tm
se when
he w
s bugh n,
nd e
ed hm wh ge
 espec. They hen s

dwn gehe n he s
me c
pe (sejjdeh)  e
 hney
nd ygh
(cled ce
m). Whle hus cnvesng gehe, I h
nk Gd, s
d
Tm, f h
vng delveed hee n my h
nd,
nd en
bled me  e


nd dscuse wh hee n he s
me 
ble; bu f I h
d f
llen n
hy h
nds, wh
 wulds hu h
ve dne? Yldm, fm he penness
f hs he
, c
me  he pn
 nce,
nd s
d, By he
ven! f hu
h
ds f
llen n my h
nd, I wuld h
ve shu hee up n
n n c
ge,

nd wuld neve h
ve 
ken hee u f  ll he d
y f hy de
h!
Wh
 hu lves n hy he
, I lve n mne, epled Tm,
nd
deng
n n c
ge  be bugh fhwh, shu By
zd up n ,

ccdng  he wsh he h
d hmself expessed. Tm hen se u
n hs eun,
nd lef he feld pen f Cheleb Suln Mh
mmed
 succeed hs f
he Yldm. He mmed
ely pusued he cnque
wh 70,000 men,
nd ve
kng hm
 T
shk-v-s, sme hs
my
wh such
Mh
mmed
n cle
ve, h
 hs wn men sheleed hemselves

fm he he
 f he sun unde
wnngs m
de f he hdes f he sl
n,
whence h
 pl
n eceved he ludcus n
me by whch  s sll
knwn. Bu, by Gds wll, Yldm ded h
 vey ngh f
bunng
feve, n he c
ge n whch he w
s cnfned. Hs sn Mh
mmed Cheleb,
e
ge 
venge hs f
he, cnnued  dve Tm fw
ds, ll
he e
ched he c
sle f Tk, whee he lef hm clsely beseged.
He hen euned vcus, c
yng he llusus cpse f hs
f
he  Bs
h, whee  w
s bued n
n 
y n he cu befe
hs wn msque. Hs bhes s
nd Ms dspued hs gh  he
empe; bu Mh
mmed, supped by he peple f Rm, w
s pcl
med
kh
lf
h
 Edeneh (Ad
nple), whee he em
ned
nd fnshed he
msque begun by hs f
he. On he
ng f hese cnenns f he
empe, he kng (ekk) f Islmbl d
nced f jy. He sen und
cyes  m
ke pcl
m
n h
, n p
n f de
h, n
Muselmn
shuld em
n n he cy f Ks
nn,
llwng nly
sngle d
y
f he emv
l:
nd he desyed
ge
 numbe f hem n he
flgh  Tekgh (Rds)
nd Edeneh (Ad
nple). The empe,

fe he demse f Cheleb Mh
mmed, w
s held fs by Mud II.,

nd hen by Mh
mmed (II.) he cnque, wh dung hs f
hes
lfeme w
s gven (hkm) f M
ghns (M
gnes
),
nd spen hs
me hee n sudyng hsy,
nd n cnvesng wh hse excellen
men Ak-Shemsu-d-dn, K

h-Shemsu-d-dn,
nd Svs, fm whm he

cqued
pefec knwledge f he cmmen
es n he Kn
nd he
s
ced 
dns (h
ds). Whle he w
s
 M
ghns, h
vng he
d h

he nfdels fm Fns
h (F
nce) h
d l
nded
 Akk
h (Ac), he
p f Jeus
lem, n he she f he Whe Se
,
nd n he dmnns
f Keln, Suln f Egyp,
nd 
ken pssessn f Askeln
nd
he wns, fm whch hey h
d c
ed ff much plunde
nd m
ny
psnes  he wn cuny, he w
s s much geved
 he hughs
f hus
nds f Muselmns beng c
ed n c
pvy, h
 he shed
e
s. Weep n, my Empe, s
d Ak-shemsu-d-dn, f n he d
y
h
 hu sh
l cnque Islmbl, hu sh
l e
 f he spls
nd
sweeme
s 
ken by he unbeleves fm he c
sle f Akk
h: bu
emembe n h
 d
y  be  he f
hful
n
ccep
ble judge
s well

s vc (_kz ve-ghz z_), dng jusce 
ll he vcus
Mslms. A he s
me me 
kng ff he sh
wl wsed und hs
Tub
n, he pl
ced  n Mh
mmeds he
d,
nd
nnunced he gl
d dngs
f hs beng he fuue cnque f Islmbl. They hen e
d he
nble 
dns (_h
ds_) f wh
 he Pphe feld el
ve 
Islmbl,
nd bseved h
 he w
s he pesn  whm hese 
dns

ppled. Mh
mmed n hs, cveng hs he
d wh Ak-Shemsu-d-dns
ub
n (_uf_), s
d: Aff
s
e eeved n he se
sn!
nd,
ecmmendng
ll hs
ff
s  he buny f he Ce
, euned 
hs sudes.
On he de
h f hs f
he Mud II.,
mb
ss
ds  cng
ul
e
hm wee sen by
ll mn
chs, excep Uzn H
s
n, Pnce (Shh) f
Azebjn, f he f
mly f K

h Kynl;
g
ns hm, heefe, he
fs uned hs
ms,
nd defe
ed hm n he feld f Tejn.
_Accun f he Rse f Mh
mmed II., he F
he f Vcy._
He muned he hne n Thusd
y he 16h Mh
em 855 (A.D. 1451),

 he
ge f weny-ne ye
s. My ge
 g
ndf
he, hen hs
s
nd
d-be
e, w
s wh hm
 he cnques f Islmbl. He puch
sed
wh he mney
sng fm hs sh
e f he by, he huses whn
he Un k
pn, n he se f he msque f Sghjl
, whch he
bul
fe he cnques f he cy by Mh
mmed II., gehe wh

hunded shps seled n he msque
s
n endwmen (_v
kf_). The

huse n whch I w
s bn w
s bul
 he s
me me,
nd wh mney
s
cqued. The p
ens (_b
s_) f he msques
nd he shps,
hweve, wee m
de u n he cnques n
me,
nd sgned wh hs
cyphe (_ugh_), he
dmns
n f he endwmen beng vesed
n u f
mly. Fm he deeds el
ve   nw n my h
nds, I
m
well
cqu
ned wh he d
es f
ll he evens f hs egn. He
w
s
mghy bu bldhsy mn
ch. As sn
s he h
d muned he
hne
 Ad
nple, he c
used H
s
n, hs yunge bhe by he s
me
mhe,  be s
ngled,
nd sen hs bdy  Bs
h,  be need
hee besde hs f
he. He cnqueed m
ny c
sles n he cuny und
Bs
h, bul hse c
lled he key f he w se
s, n he s
 f
he Whe Se
,
nd w lkewse n h
 f he Bl
ck Se
,
nd leved

bue n Islmbl. Accdng  he pe
ce m
de by Yldm,

he f he pduce f
ll he vney
ds und w
s  be p
d  he
Suln, befe
ny nfdel culd g
he
sngle g
pe. Afe he l
pse
f hee ye
s, sme g
pes h
vng been g
heed by he nfdels n
vl
n f hs
cle f he e
y, n he vney
ds f he Rml
hs (_.e._ he Eupe
n c
sle n he c
n
l f Cns
nnple),

qu
el ensued, n whch sme men wee klled. Mh
mmed, when hs
w
s eped  hm, cnsdeed 
s
be
ch f he e
y,
nd
mmed
ely l
d sege  Islmbl, wh
n
my
s numeus
s he
s
nd f he se
.

SECTION X.
_The l
s Sege f Ks
n
nyyeh by Mh
mmed II. he Cnque._
In he ye
 f he Hj
h 857 (A.D. 1453), Suln Mh
mmed enc
mped
usde f he Ad
nple g
e, wh
n mmense
my f Un

ns
(Muv
hhedn);
nd sme hus
nds f ps fm Aebsn, wh cssed
he S
 f Gelbl (G
llpl),
nd h
vng jned he
my f
Islm, k up he qu
es befe he Seven Twes. All he ps
fm Tk, Svs, Ezm, P-b,
nd he he cunes 
ken
fm Uzn H
s
n, cssed he s
 ne
 Islmbl,
nd enc
mped n he
Ok-medn n sgh f he nfdels. Tenches, mnes,
nd guns wee
g e
dy,
nd he cy w
s nvesed by l
nd n
ll sdes;  w
s nly
lef pen by se
. Seveny-seven dsngushed
nd hly men belved by
Gd (Evlyu-ll
h) fllwed he c
mp;
mng hem wee Ak-Shemsu-d-dn,
K

h-Shemsu-d-dn, Svs, Mll Kn, Em Nej, Mll Fen,
Jubbeh Al, Ans-Dedeh, Mll Pld, Ay Dedeh, Khs Dedeh,
H

bl Dedeh,
nd Shekh Zndn. The Suln m
de
cven
n wh
hem, pmsng h
 ne-h
lf f he cy (devle) shuld belng 
hem,
nd ne-h
lf  he Muselmn cnques;
nd I wll buld,
s
d he, f e
ch f yu
cnven, sepulch
l ch
pel, hsp
l,
schl, cllege,
nd huse f nsucn n s
ced 
dns
(Du-l-h
ds). The men f le
nng
nd pey wee hen
ssembled n
ne pl
ce; pcl
m
n w
s m
de h

ll he ps f Islm shuld
enew he
bluns,
nd ffe up
p
ye f w nflecns. The
Mh
mmed
n shu f w
 (All
h! All
h!) w
s hen hce ueed,
nd

ccdng  he l
w f he Pphe,
 he mmen f he nvesng
he cy, M
hmd Psh w
s sen wh
lee  he Empe (Tekk)
f Cns
n
nyyeh. When he lee h
d been e
d
nd s cnens
m
de knwn, elyng n he sengh f he pl
ce
nd he numbe f
hs ps, he Empe pudly sen he
mb
ss
d b
ck, s
yng, I
wll nehe p
y bue, n suende he fess, n emb
ce
Islm. On ne sde, he ps f Islm suunded he w
lls lke

bees, cyng u Bsmll
h,
nd begnnng he
ss
ul wh he ms

den ze
l; n he he, he beseged, wh wee wce ne hunded
hus
nd c
fy devls f plyhess, depended n he wes
nd
b
lemens by l
nd,
nd fe
ed n d
nge by se
, he decees f f
e
neve eneng n he hughs. They h
d fve hunded peces f
dn
nce
 Se
gl Pn, fve hunded
 he Le
d-m
g
znes (n he
Gh
l

h-sde),
nd ne hunded, lke
hedge-hgs bsles, nsde

nd usde f he Kz kulleh-s (Twe f Le
nde), s h
 n

bd culd fly
css he se
whu beng suck fm hese hee
b
ees. The pess (pps), mnks,
nd p

chs encu
gng hse
pllued hss  he b
le, pmsed sme useless dls, such
s L

nd Men,  e
ch f he nfdels. The Osmnls, n he me
n me,
beg
n  b
e he w
lls,
nd eceved enfcemens
nd pvsns;
whle he Geeks, wh wee shu u f he c
n
ls f Cns
nnple
nd
he D
d
nelles by he c
sles bul hee, culd b
n nne. Afe
he sege h
d been c
ed n f en d
ys, he Sul
n
ssembled hs
f
hful sheks, s
yng, See  wh

cndn we
e educed! The
c
pue f hs fess wll be vey dffcul, f he defence f 
s hus cnnued fm d
y  d
y. Ak-Shemsu-d-dn ld hm h
 he
mus w
 f
me, bu wuld nf
llbly be cnque: h
 hee w
s
whn he cy
hly m
n n
med V
dd,
nd h

s lng
s he lved
 culd n be 
ken; bu h
 n ffy d
ys he wuld de,
nd hen

 he
ppned hu, mnue,
nd secnd, he cy wuld be 
ken.
The Suln heefe deed Tm-sh Psh  emply 2,000 sldes
n cnsucng ffy g
lleys (k
dgh
h), n he v
lley ne
 Kghd
khneh,
nd sme vll
ges wee plundeed  pvde hem wh pl
nks

nd he mbe f h
 pupse. Kj
h Mus
f Psh h
d pevusly
cnsuced, by he l
bu f
ll hs A
b ps, ffy g
lleys
nd
ffy hse-b
s (kyk),

pl
ce c
lled Levend-chflk, ppse
 he Ok-medn. The g
lleys bul
 Kghd khneh beng
ls e
dy
n he enh d
y, he Suln wen n h
 d
y  he Ok-medn, wh
sme hus
nds f chsen men, c
yng ge
sed leves
nd be
ms  mve
he s
d shps. By he cmm
nd f Gd, he wnd blew vey f
vu
bly;

ll s
ls wee unfuled,
nd
mds he shus f he Mslms cyng
_All
h! All
h!_
nd jyful dsch
ges f muskes
nd
lley,

hunded
nd ffy shps sld dwn fm he Ok-medn n he h
bu.
The efed Kfs ced u Wh
 c
n hs be?
nd hs wndeful
sgh w
s he 
lk f he whle cy. The pl
ce whee hese shps wee
l
unched s sll shwn,
 he b
ck f he g
dens f he
sen
l
(Tes khneh),
 he s
s f Shh-kul whn he Ok-medn.
The mlle (d, _.e._ sghum) whch w
s sc
eed hee unde he
shps (n de  m
ke hem slde dwn me e
dly) gew,
nd s 
hs d
y gwng n h
 pl
ce. All he vcus Mslms wen n
b
d
med c
p--pe,
nd w
ed ll he shps bul by Tm-sh

 Kghd khneh m
de he
ppe

nce ne
 Iyyb (
 he exemy f
he h
bu), n full s
l, wh
f
vu
ble wnd. They sn jned
he flee fm Ok-medn,
md he dsch
ge f guns
nd c
nnns,

nd shus f _H H!_
nd _All
h! All
h!_ When he Kfs s
w
he llusus flee flled wh vcus Mslms
pp
ch, hey

bsluely ls he senses,
nd beg
n  m
nfes he mpence

nd dsess. The cndn w
s
ply expessed n h
 ex (K.
II, 18): They pu he fnges n he e
s, bec
use f he nse
f he hunde, f fe
 f de
h!
nd hey hen beg
n  
lk f
suendeng n he weneh d
y. Pessed by f
mne
nd he besegng

my, he nh
b
ns deseed hugh he be
ches n he w
lls, 
he Mslms, wh, cmfed by he desen, eceved hem well. On
h
 d
y, he chefs (bs) f K

mn, Gemyn, Tekkeh-l, Adn,

nd Skhn,
ved wh 77,000 well-
med men,
nd g
ve fesh lfe
 he he
s f he f
hful. Tm-sh h
vng p
ssed ve wh hs

flee  he ppse sde, l
nded hs ps n he she f Iyyb,
whee he

cked he g
es f Iyyb
nd S-Suln; Mul Puld,

s
n wh knew he scpue by he

nd wked m
cles,

cked
h
 f Puld;
nd Shekh F
n k ps
 he Fene k
p-s (he
F
n
l-g
e). The Kfs bul
c
sle hee n ne ngh, whch
wuld n nw be bul n
mnh,
nd whch s
cu
lly s
ndng
nd
ccuped. A mnk n
med Pe h
vng fled fm h
 c
sle wh hee
hunded pess,
ll uned Mslms,
nd h
 g
e w
s c
lled fm hm
Pe k
p-s. H
vng by Gds wll cnqueed he newly-bul c
sle
h
 ngh, he eceved
s
nd
d
nd he n
me f Mh
mmed Pe.
Ay-dedeh w
s s
ned wh hee hunded N
kshbend F
ks befe
he g
e f Ay, whee he fell
m
y ( he f
h),
nd w
s bued
whn he w
lls,
 u ld cu f jusce he Tekyh (cnven)
f Skehj; n he s
me m
nne, he g
e
 whch Jubbeh Al w
s
psed, w
s c
lled he Jebl g
e, n memy f hm, Jebl beng
eneusly wen f Jubbeh Al. He w
s he shekh (.e. spu
l
gude) f Keln, Suln f Egyp,
nd h
vng cme  Bs
h f he
pupse f beng pesen
 he 
kng f Islmbl, bec
me
dscple
f Zenu-d-dn Hf,
nd w
s c
lled Jubbeh Al, fm hs
lw
ys
we
ng
j
cke (jubbeh) m
de f hse-clh; he w
s
few
ds, when
Mh
mmed m
ched
g
ns Islmbl, m
de chef b
ke (ekmekch-bsh),

nd pvded, n ce
ue knws hw, fm ne sngle ven he whle

my, cnssng f m
ny hunded hus
nd sev
ns f Gd, wh be
d

s whe
s cn. He dd n emb
k
 he Ok-medn, bu wh hee
hunded F
ks, dscples f Zenu-d-dn Hf, wh, h
vng spe
d
skns upn he se
ne
 he g
den f he
sen
l, emplyed hemselves
n be
ng he dums
nd 
mbus,
nd sngng hymns n hnu f
he uny (evhd) f Gd. They hen, unfulng he s
nd
d f Hf,
p
ssed ve he se
cle
e h
n he sun, s
ndng n he skns
s
n
le,  he e f he nfdels dmed  hell! Jubbeh
Al h
vng 
ken up hs fm he se
, w
s psed
 he Jebl g
e.
Afe he cnques he vlun
ly fell
m
y,
nd w
s need n
he cu f he Gul-jm (he se-msque), whee
n
ssembl
ge f
F
ks
few
ds fund
ee
 fm he wld. Khs dedeh w
s
eng
ged
 he Un-k
pn g
e, whch heefe be
s hs n
me;
nd
belw , n he lef h
nd
s ne enes, hee s
fgue f
cck
(khs). He w
s
F
k,
nd ne f he dscples f my
nces
Ahmed Yesev. He c
me fm Khu
sn, when ld
nd sckly, wh Hj
Begsh, n de  be pesen
 he sege f Islmbl,
nd g he
nckn
me f Khs-dedeh (f
he cck), fm hs cnnu
lly usng
he f
hful, by cyng u, Ase, ye fgeful! Yzn E, wh
w
s
vey pus m
n, bul whn he Un-k
pn
msque n hnu
f hm;  s nw n he Sghjl
 chshu-s (be
s m
ke),
nd
n
med
few
ds he msque f Yzn E. Khs-dedeh ded smeme

few
ds ne
 he g
e c
lled
fe hs n
me,
nd w
s bued ne

he hgh-
d, usde f he Un-k
pn g
e, besde my
nces. A
cndu f elgus
bluns h
s been eeced ne
 ,
nd s nw
vsed
s
pl
ce f plgm
ge. Al Yk, Bey f Ayzmnd,
nephew
f Uzn-H
s
n, f he K
kynl f
mly,

cked he Ayzm
h g
e.
He dug
well hee f he pupse f enewng hs
bluns; hence
he g
e eceved he n
me Ayzm
h () k
p-: the w
ter i
pure pring-w
ter, though on the edge of the e
. Shekh Zindn w


decend
nt of Shekh Bb J
fer, who h
ving come

mb

dor in the
time of Hrnu-r-R
hd, w
 poioned by the king (_i.e._ emperor),
nd
buried within the Zindn k
p- (prion-g
te). Shekh Zindn viited
thi pl
ce, h
ving come from Edirneh (Adri
nople) with the conqueror,

t the he
d of 3,000 noble Seyyid (decend
nt of Moh
mmed), who
g
ve no qu
rter, oon m
de the Zindn k
p- hi c
tle,
nd h
ving
entered it, m
de
pilgrim
ge to hi
ncetor tomb,
nd l
id hi
own green turb
n on the pl
ce where Bb J
fer he
d reted. He

continued for eventy ye
r
fter the conquet
 Turbehdr (w
rden

of the epulchre)
nd built
convent there. The Emperor,
 he h
d
m
de
prion in th
t pl
ce, c
lled it Zindn k
p- (the B
gnio),

nd it w
 conquered by Zindn. The Shekh h
ving
ppointed in hi
te
d
S
yyid of the 
me pure r
ce, to t
ke ch
rge of the tomb of
J
fer Bb,
ccomp
nied Sultn By
zd in hi expedition
g
int Kil
(Kili
)
nd Ak-kirmn, in the ye
r 889 (A.D. 1484). He died
t Edirneh
(Adri
nople),
fter hi return with By
zd from thoe conquet,
nd
on th
t occ
ion the Sultn c
ued
ll the prioner in the public
prion there to be et
t liberty for the good of the Shekh oul,

nd erected
ch
pel (turbeh) over hi tomb, outide of the Zindn
Kulleh-, h
ving
ttended hi funer
l in peron. Hi turbeh i now

gre
t pl
ce of pilgrim
ge,
nd
ll hi children
re buried there. It
i c
lled the Ziyret-gh of Abdu-r-ruuf S
m
dn. The w
rden of the
tomb of Bb J
fer
t Ilmbl
re till member of hi f
mily,
nd
their gene
logic
l tree i
 follow: Abdu-r-ruuf S
m
dn (otherwie
c
lled Shekh Zindn) on of Shekh Jemlu-d-dn, on of Bint-Emr
Sultn, on of Ehrefu-ddn, on of Tju-d-dn, on of the d
ughter of
Seyyid Sikkn (buried ne
r Ak-Shemu-d-dn,
t Trb
hl K), on of
J
fer Bb (buried
t Ilmbl), the on of Moh
mmed H
nif, from whom
my
ncetor Ahmed Yeev w

lo decended; our gene
logic
l tree
were therefore well known to me.
Kmkr Beg, of Kthiyeh, w
 one of the Germiyn-ghl (_i.e._ the
children of Germiyn). He, with three thou
nd young heroe,

iled
the Shehd k
p- (m
rtyr-g
te). A it i ne
r Ay Sfiy
h, the
Chriti
n
embled there in gre
t multitude, opened the g
te,
nd

llying forth with gre
t fury, m
de
ll their Muelmn

il
nt
m
rtyr. In the time of Hrnu-r-r
hd,
lo, ome of the illutriou

uxili
rie of the Prophet (_
nr_) qu
ffed the cup of m
rtyrdom
there, hence it h
 been n
med the M
rtyr (Shuhd) g
te, though
incorrectly c
lled by the vulg
r, Jew (Juhd) g
te. The g
te of the
roy
l p
l
ce (Khnkr er) ut
ined no iege; but the g
te ne
r the
Seven Tower w

tt
cked by K
r
mn-ghl with the new reinforcement.
The troop from Tekkehb were poted before Silivr-g
te; thoe from
Adn, before the new g
te (Yen k
p); thoe from Srkhn, before
the C
nnon-g
te (Tp k
p-), where they were l
in,
nd repl
ced
by thoe from Munteh. The force from Ifendiyr w
 ordered to
beiege the Adri
nople-g
te (Edirneh k
p-),
nd th
t from H
md, the
Crooked-g
te (Egr k
p). So th
t Ilmbl w
 beieged on two ide,

nd nothing but the Km k
p (S
nd-g
te) on the e
-hore,
nd the w
ll
from the Seven Tower to Ser
glio-Point, rem
ined free from
tt
ck. At
the Seven Tower, the poet Ahmed Ph, direg
rding the fire of the
infidel m
de ever
l bre
che. At the Silivr-g
te, H
der Ph
fire g
ve not
moment repite to the infidel. At the new g
te (Yen
k
p), M
hmd Ph, comm
nder of the troop from Adn, tormed the
w
ll which he h
d b
ttered three time without ucce. The comm
nder

t the Tp k
p- w
 Nihn,
lo c
lled K
r
mn Moh
mmed Ph,

diciple of Jelllu-d-dn Rm. He h
d given devilih (_kh
bel_)
proof of hi v
lour in the w
r
g
int Uzn H

n. While he tood

t the C
nnon-g
te, not
c
nnon could the Kfir dich
rge. At the
Edirneh-g
te (Adri
nople), the comm
nder w
 S
d Ph, who h
ving
dwelt
long with Jem-Shh in Firengitn, h
d le
rned m
ny thou
nd
milit
ry
rt. Being united he
rt
nd oul with the v
li
nt men from
Ifendiyr t
tioned
t th
t g
te, they vied with him in their heroic
deed, remembering the prophetic tr
dition th
t 
y We h
ll be the
conqueror of Kot
nt
niyyeh (Cont
ntinople). Seven pl
ce
re yet
hewn ne
r th
t g
te where they b
ttered down the w
ll. Herek-Oghl
Ahmed Ph h
d the comm
nd
t the Crooked-g
te (Egr-k
p), where by
m
ny tr
ight-forw
rd blow he idled himelf into the midt of the

infidel till he reduced them
ll to
mummy.

In thi w
y Kot
nt
niyyeh h
d been beieged for twenty d
y, without

ny ign of it being conquered. The Molem w
rrior, the eventy
Unit
ri
n,
nd three thou
nd le
rned Ulem, f
vourite of God
(Evliy-ll
h), m
ter of the decree of the four orthodox ect, beg
n
to be
fflicted by the length of the iege,
nd with one
ccord offered
up their pr
yer to the Cre
tor for hi
id, when uddenly there w

d
rkne over Ilmbl, with thunder
nd lightning;
fire w
 een
to
cend to the v
ult of he
ven from the Atmedn; the tronget
building flew into the
ir,
nd were c
ttered over e

nd l
nd. On
th
t d
y three thou
nd infidel fled from the city, through
l
rm
nd
terror. Some were honoured by the profeion of Ilm,
nd
dmitted
into the emperor ervice; other fled to different countrie; but the
ret, who would not
b
ndon the f
ith of the Mei
h, et to work to
rep
ir the bre
che,
nd continued firm in their reit
nce. They were
much preed, however, by w
nt of food
nd
mmunition.
On the thirtieth d
y of the iege, Sultn Moh
mmed h
ving pl
ced the
Urf (_i.e._ the judici
l turb
n) on hi he
d,
nd ky-coloured boot
on hi feet, mounted
mule which might riv
l Duldul (M
homet teed),
m
de the round of the w
ll,
nd ditributed l
rgee
mong hi
troop. He then p
ed over with m
ny thou
nd men from Iyyb to Kghid
khn
h,
nd croing the tre
m of Al Beg K
nd Kghid Khn
h c
me
to the pl
ce c
lled Levend-chiftlik, where forty hip (firk
t
h)
h
d
lo been built. Thee, like the former, they moved on roller
to the Ok-medn,
nd l
unched them
t the Shh-kl t
ir into the
e
, filled with ome thou
nd c
rlet cull-c
pped Ar
b, burning

br
ndy,
nd h
rp
 h
wk.

SECTION XI.
There
ppe
red off Ser
glio Point ten l
rge
dmir
l hip
nd ten
frig
te, completely
rmed
nd equipped, with the cro-be
ring enign
flying, drum be
ting,
nd muic pl
ying;
nd c
ting
nchor there,
they fired their gun with indecrib
ble demontr
tion of joy, while
the Molim
dv
nced from the Ok-medn in two hundred bo
t
nd
kiff, emb
rked on bo
rd their own veel, ruhed on thee ten hip
like bee w
rming upon
hive,
nd enthr
lled them, he
d
nd tern,
with their rope like
pider web. The infidel, uppoing th
t they
were only come on
p
rley, tood quietly without tretching out
h
nd

g
int them. The Molim, in the me
n time, houting All
h! All
h!
beg
n to tie their h
nd behind their b
ck,
nd to plunder their
hip; when the infidel, pe
king in their own l
ngu
ge, 
id _Chi
p
rl
i_, th
t i to 
y, Wh
t do you 
y? The Kfir dicovered by
the
nwer who they were,
nd cried out, Thee Turk h
ve entered
our hip like
pl
gue, we c
n m
ke no reit
nce. On entering the
h
rbour they h
d fired
ll their gun
 ign
l of joy,
nd were now
o crowded together th
t they could not ue their
rm, they were
therefore
ll t
ken. The infidel within the town, eeing thi 
d
event, thoe who were coming to uccour them h
ving been thu t
ken,
tore their h
ir
nd be
rd,
nd beg
n
he
vy fire from the b
tterie

t Ser
glio Point, the Le
d M
g
zine
t Gh
l
t
h,
nd the Kz
Kulleh- (Tower of Lender). The und
unted Molim, however, in pite
of the enemy b
tterie, lowered the cro-be
ring fl
g on the twenty
hip which they h
d t
ken, put
ll the prioner on bo
rd of their

own veel,
nd c
me to
n
nchor before the g
rden of the
ren
l,
firing their gun repe
tedly from joy
nd exult
tion. The erden-gechd
(_i.e._ m
d c
p) immedi
tely diemb
rking from the veel, brought
the gl
d tiding to the Sultn
nd Ak-Shemu-d-dn, in the g
rden of
the
ren
l; when the l
tter, turning to Moh
mmed, 
id: When your
m
jety, being then
prince
t M
ghn, he
rd of the t
king of Akk,
S
d,
nd Bert (Acr, Sidon,
nd Bert) in Egypt, by the infidel,

nd grieved
t the thought of wh
t the c
ptive, women,
nd children
mut uffer, I comforted you by 
ying, th
t when you conquered
Ilmbl you would e
t of the weetme
t t
ken in the plunder of
Akk. Lo! thoe weetme
t
re now preented to you,
nd my prophetic
pr
yer, th
t the city might be conquered on the fiftieth d
y, h

been
nwered! There were found by the Muulmn on bo
rd the twenty
hip, three thou
nd pure of coin (fulr) of Tekiyn (Deci
nu),
one thou
nd lo
d of pure gold, two thou
nd lo
d of ilver, eight
thou
nd prioner, twenty c
pt
in of hip,
French prince (

king d
ughter,
yet unexp
nded bloom),
thou
nd Muelmn d
mel,
brilli
nt
 the un, noble
nd ignoble,
nd ome thou
nd-time

hundred thou
nd w
rlike tore;
ll of which the Sultn confided to
the c
re of Ak-Shemu-d-dn, while he himelf w
 entirely eng
ged in
continuing the iege.
The complete
ccount of the
ff
ir i thi: Kot
ntn, the l
te King
of Ilmbl, being betrothed to
d
ughter of the King of Frn
h,
the l
tter, in order to end her with
n ecort worthy of her r
nk,
equipped
fleet of ix hundred hip,
nd ent them to r
v
ge the
co
t of Ar
bi
(Ar
bitn). In th
t unh
ppy ye
r they h
d plundered
Akk
h, S
d
h, Bert, T
rbulu (Tripoli), Gh
zz
h,
nd R
ml
h,
 f
r

 the l
nd of Hn (H
rn?),
nd c
rried off more th
n two thou
nd
Hr-like d
mel from Ar
bitn, with poil to the
mount of
million. Of thi fleet, ten g
leon
nd ten frig
te were dip
tched
to c
rry the Prince to Ilmbl. When they re
ched the tr
it of the
White Se
(the D
rd
nelle), they dicovered th
t the Trk h
d built
c
tle there; but thee
ccured fellow, by diguiing themelve,
t
king
dv
nt
ge of
freh outherly breeze,
nd ending forw
rd five
empty hip to receive the fire from the c
tle, in two hour got
twenty mile beyond them. H
ving by thi tr
t
gem re
ched Ilmbl,
they were t
ken, th
nk God!
 h
 been rel
ted. Thi French prince

fterw
rd g
ve birth to Yildirm By
zd; but other hitori
n tell
the tory differently,
nd 
y th
t he w
 t
ken by the f
ther of
Moh
mmed the Conqueror,
nd g
ve birth to him, but he w
 in truth
the on of Almeh Khnum, the d
ughter of Ifendiyr Oghl. The
correctne of the firt
ccount m
ybe proved thu: My f
ther, who died

n old m
n, w
 with Sultn Sulemn
t the iege of Rhode, Belgr
de,

nd Sigetvr, where th
t prince died. He ued to convere much with
men
dv
nced in ye
r:
mong hi mot intim
te friend there w
 one
who w
 grey-he
ded
nd infirm, but more eloquent th
n Amro-l-k

or Ab-l-m
l. He w
 chief ecret
ry to the corp of J
ni
rie,

nd hi n
me w
 S-Kemerl Kj
h Mut
f Cheleb. Thi gentlem
n w

cert
inly rel
ted to thi d
ughter of the King of Frn
h, from whom
he continu
lly received preent;
nd I remember th
t when I w

boy
he g
ve me ome curiou picture which h
d been given to him by her.
During the iege of Sigetvr, before the de
th of Sulemn w
 known to
the
rmy, the ilihdr (word-be
rer) Kz Al Agh, by the deire of
the Gr
nd Vizr Sokl-l Moh
mmed Ph,
embled
council of w
r,
t
which the corpe of the Sultn w
 e
ted on hi throne,
nd hi h
nd
were moved [by ome one conce
led] behind hi
mple robe (khil
h). To
thi council
ll the vizr, v
kl,
nd enior officer of the
rmy
were ummoned. Among them were the rikbdr (tirrup-holder) Julb
Agh, the metb
kh emn (clerk of the kitchen) Abd Efend, my f
ther,


nd the
bovementioned S-kemerli Kjh Mut
f. He w

t th
t time o

old, th
t when he
ccomp
nied the
rmy he w

lw
y c
rried
bout in

litter (t
khti-revn). He h
d been one of the diciple of the gre
t
Muft Keml Ph-zdeh,
nd w
 deeply re
d in divinity
nd hitory.
Being one of the erv
nt of Keml Ph-zdeh, I w
, he ued to

y, when
youth of twenty-five ye
r of
ge, preent
t the conquet
of C
iro by Sultn Selm I. A.H. 923 (A.D. 1517);
nd the writer of
thee p
ge w
 lot in
tonihment when he he
rd him give
n
ccount
of the gre
t b
ttle of Merj Dbik
nd Kkn, of Sultn Gh
r
qu
ffing the cup of detiny, of hi on Moh
mmed being depoed by the
oldiery on
ccount of hi youth, of Tmn-B ucceeding him, of
hi continued w
r
nd twenty-three b
ttle with Selm, till
t length
C
ro w
 t
ken. He w

mot f
ithful m
n,
nd one whoe word could
be t
ken with perfect ecurity;
nd h
ving he
rd him rel
te the tory
of the
bovementioned French prince from beginning to end, I write it
down here.
_An Expl
n
tion of the Rel
tionhip between the Houe of Omn
nd the
King of Fr
nce._
S-Kemer-l Mut
f Cheleb g
ve thi n
rr
tive: My f
ther w
 the on
of
King of Fr
nce, n
med. When the tre
ty h
d been m
de by which
he eng
ged to give hi d
ughter (my f
ther iter) to the Tekkr
(the Emperor of Cont
ntinople),
fleet of ix hundred veel w

dip
tched to r
v
ge the co
t ne
r the c
tle of Akk
h, in order
to furnih her with
dowry. It returned home l
den with
n immene
booty,
nd
v
t number of c
ptive, m
le
nd fem
le,
nd h
ving
re
ched Pri
h, the
ncient c
pit
l of our country, gre
t rejoicing
were m
de. Among the fem
le c
ptive there w

young Seyyideh (_i.e._
one of the prophetic r
ce), who w
 given by the King of Fr
nce to my
f
ther,
nd from whom I w
 born. When I w
 three ye
r old, the king
my gr
ndf
ther ent my f
ther with hi iter,
nd v
t tre
ure, to
Ilmbl,
nd h
ving been c
ptured
t Ser
glio Point, we were delivered
up to Sultn Moh
mmed, in the g
rden of the
ren
l. After the city w

t
ken, my f
ther w
 honoured by
dmiion into Ilm (the Moh
mmed
n
f
ith), h
ving been intructed by Ak-Shemu-d-dn,
nd
ll the
victoriou Molim h
ving reverently preented hi iter the prince
to the Sultn, he w

lo intructed in Ilm by the 
me holy m
n,
but refued to embr
ce it. The Sultn upon thi 
id, We will give
her
n excellent educ
tion,
nd did not trouble himelf to init
much on th
t point. I w
 then five ye
r old,
nd being t
ught the
doctrine of Ilm by Ak-Shemu-d-dn, received the honour of Ilmim
(God be pr
ied!) without
ny heit
tion. My f
ther w
 m
de one of
the k
pj-bh (lord-ch
mberl
in),
nd I w
 brought up in the
er kh (_i.e._ the Gr
nd Seignor p
l
ce) by my
unt, my f
ther
iter. Moh
mmed Khn h
ving
fterw
rd formed
cloe
tt
chment for
my
unt, he bec
me the mother of Sultn By
zd (II) Vel,
nd the
prince Jem
nd Nru-d-dn. When my
unt, he
dded, died,
 he
h
d never embr
ced Ilm, Sultn Moh
mmed II. c
ued
m
ll epulchre
(kubbeh) to be erected beide the epulchr
l ch
pel (turbeh) which he
h
d built for himelf,
nd there he w
 buried. I myelf h
ve often,

t morning-pr
yer, oberved th
t the re
der
ppointed to re
d leon
from the Korn [in thee turbeh] turned their f
ce tow
rd the bodie
of the defunct buried in the other tomb while re
ding the leon, but
th
t they
ll turned their b
ck upon the coffin of thi l
dy, of whom
it w
 o doubtful whether he dep
rted in the f
ith of Ilm. I h
ve

lo frequently een Fr
nk of the Frn
h tribe (_i.e._ French), come
by te
lth
nd give
few
per to the turbeh-dr (tomb-keeper) to
open thi ch
pel for them,
 it g
te i
lw
y kept hut. So th
t

there c
n be no doubt,
ccording to the
ccount given by Sr Kemer-l

Mut
f Chebeb, th
t
d
ughter of the King of Fr
nce bec
me the wife
(khtn) of Moh
mmed the Conqueror (Ab-l F
t-h),
nd the mother of
Sultn By
zd.
_An Account of the heroic Deed
nd Mifortune of Jem-Shh, on of the
Emperor Moh
mmed Ab-l F
t-h (the Conqueror)._
When By
zd Vel w
 kh
lf
h, hi brother Jem-Shh (thee two being
prince of
high pirit) contended with him for the poeion of thi
foul world,
nd h
ving been worted in
gre
t b
ttle on the pl
in of
K
r
mn, fled to K
lvn Sultn of Egypt. From thence
 he w
 going
on
pilgrim
ge to Mecc
h, he w
 driven by the buffetting of the
e
on the hore of Yemen
nd Aden, whence he viited the tomb of
Veo-l K
rn, performed the pilgrim
ge,
nd tr
velling through Hijz,
returned to Egypt, from which country he went by e
to Rhode
nd
M
lt
,
nd from thence to Fr
nce to viit hi gr
ndmother (the Queen of
Fr
nce), one of the mot ex
lted overeign of th
t time,
ccomp
nied
by 300 Muelmn follower: he pent hi time like
prince, in hunting

nd
ll ort of enjoyment. One of hi mot f
voured comp
nion
nd
counellor w
 hi _defterdr_ (ecret
ry) Sivr Hir;
nother w

Ahik-H
der. Seventeen on of bn (prince) tood before him [

l
ve] with their h
nd croed upon their bre
t [re
dy to receive

nd execute hi order]. He w

lw
y followed by thi uite in
ll
hi tr
vel through Kfiritn (the l
nd of the infidel). He compoed
ome thou
nd penj-bet mukh
mm
e,
nd mu
ddee (ode), together
with kyid (elegie), which form
dvn (collection of poem),
pr
ied by
ll the world.
_A St
nz
by Jem-Shh._
Bird of my oul, be p
tient of thy c
ge,
Thi body, lo! how f
t it w
te with
ge.
The tinkling bell
lre
dy do I he
r
Procl
im the c
r
v
n dep
rture ne
r.
Soon h
ll it re
ch the l
nd of nothingne,
And thee, from flehy bond delivered, ble.
In thi kind of elegie he w

n incomp
r
ble poet. Sultn By
zd
t
length ent
n
mb

dor to the King of Fr
nce
nd cl
imed Jem-Shh.
On thi the ill-complexioned Fr
nk c
ued

llow-f
ced fellow to
cut hi thro
t while h
ving him with
poioned r
zor. The corpe of
Jem, together with hi property,
mongt which w

n ench
nted cup,
which bec
me brimful
 oon
 delivered empty into the cup-be
rer
h
nd,
white p
rrot,
che-pl
ying monkey,
nd ome thou
nd of
plendid book, were delivered up to S
d Cheleb (Sivr Hir)
nd
H
der Cheleb, th
t they might be conveyed to the Sultn. Jem S
d
[_i.e._ Sivr Hir], being
le
rned
nd
cute m
n, firt dyed the
p
rrot bl
ck,
nd t
ught him to 
y, Verily we belong to God,
nd
to Him h
ll we return! Long live the Emperor! He then returned to
him with the rem
in of hi m
ter,
nd delivered over hi property
to the imperi
l tre
ury. But when By
zd
ked where i the white
p
rrot? the bird immedi
tely repe
ted the
bove-mentioned text,
nd

dded: Sire, Jem-Shh h
ving entered into the mercy of hi Lord, I
h
ve put off the
ttire of the
ngel cl
d in white,
nd clothed myelf
in the bl
ck of mourning weed.How! 
id the Sultn,
ddreing
himelf to Sivr Hir, did they kill my brother Jem? By He
ven! O
Emperor! replied he, though he indulged in wine, yet he never dr
nk
it but out of th
t ench
nted cup, nor did he ever mingle with the

infidel, but pent
ll hi time in compoing poetry; o by God will
there w

cert
in b
rber n
med Yn Oghl (John on), who h
ved
him with
poioned r
zor, which m
de hi f
ce
nd eye well,
nd
he w
 uffoc
ted. By
zd ordered the rem
in of Jem to be buried

t Br
h, beide hi gr
ndf
ther Murd II. While they were digging
the gr
ve there w
 uch
thunder-cl
p
nd tumult in the epulchr
l
ch
pel, th
t
ll who were preent fled, but not
oul of them w


ble to p
 it threhold till ten d
y h
d p
ed, when thi h
ving
been repreented to the Sultn, the corpe of Jem w
 buried by hi
order in hi own m
uoleum, ne
r to th
t of hi gr
ndf
ther. Prince Jem
Shh died in A.H. 900,
fter h
ving pent eleven ye
r in tr
velling
through Egypt, Ar
bi
, Syri
, Meopot
mi
,
nd in Firengitn, through
Sp
in
nd Fr
nce,
nd h
ving ec
ped from hi brother den,
nd
drunk of the cup of Jem, he
t l
t w
 intoxic
ted by drinking of
the cup of F
te. According to the French
ccount, however,
nother
peron w
 killed by the poioned r
zor,
nd hi corpe w
 ent to
Rm (Turkey) inte
d of the rem
in of Jem, who in f
ct bec
me King
of Fr
nce,
nd w
 the foref
ther of the preent overeign of th
t
country. On enquiring into thi report,
nd he
ring wh
t h
d h
ppened

t the tomb, _viz._ th
t Murd would not
llow the corpe to be buried
in hi m
uoleum, he ordered it to be interred elewhere. After the
t
king of Uvr (R

b) in the ye
r 1073 (A.D. 1662-3), Moh
mmed Ph
w
 ent

mb

dor the following ye
r, 1074 (1663-4), into Germ
ny
(Almn D
r), in order to conclude
pe
ce with the emperor of
th
t country (Nemeh-Chr): h
ving
ccomp
nied him I pent three
ye
r in viiting, under the protection of
p
port (ptent
h)
written by him, the even kingdom of Kfirtn. H
ving et foot on
the l
nd of Dnkrken (Dunkirk), itu
ted on the hore of the oce
n
which ep
r
te the e
tern ide of the New World from Fr
nce, I
p
ed the R
m
zn of the ye
r 1075 (M
rch 1665) there,
nd h
ving
n

cqu
int
nce with ome well-informed priet (ppl
r), I
ked them

bout the hitory of Jem-Shh. They
nwered, th
t when the order c
me
from the Omnl (Sultn) to kill Jem, the French king p
red him
out of pity,
 being
rel
tion to the Omnl (f
mily)
nd hi own
iter on,
nd th
t h
ving c
ued
nother peron who reembled Jem
to be poioned, they ent hi corpe to Ilmbl, 
ying it w
 th
t
of Jem: th
t h
ving been
fterw
rd m
de king of the country on the
border of Fr
nce (th Frn
h)
t the time of the conquet of Egypt
by Sultn Selm, he ent him preent with letter of congr
tul
tion on
hi victory. They
lo confirmed the
ccount of the ne
r rel
tionhip
between the Houe of Omn
nd the King of Fr
nce through the mother
of Sultn By
zd
nd the progeny of King Jem. He i buried, they

dded, in
m
uoleum (kubb
h) in
g
rden like Irem, outide of the
city of P
ri, where
ll the Muulmn hi comp
nion
nd l
ve h
ve
been entombed. It i on
ccount of thi rel
tionhip between the houe
of Omn
nd the French king, th
t when the foreign
mb

dor
re

embled in the dvn the Fr
nk
mb

dor t
nd below, bec
ue
their overeign
re not Molem; but the French i pl
ced
bove the
Peri
n
mb

dor, below whom the Germ
n envoy i e
ted, o th
t
the
mb

dor from Peri
h

n infidel on e
ch ide. Murd IV.,
conqueror of B
ghdd,
ltered thi regul
tion,
nd g
ve precedence to
the French
mb

dor over
ll other,
nd the Rui
n (Mokov) then
t
king the right h
nd of the Peri
n;
n
rr
ngement which offended
the Germ
n
mb

dor, but he w
 obliged to
cquiece in it. Thi
ditinguihed honour w
 gr
nted to Fr
nce bec
ue
French prince
w
 the mother of Sultn By
zd.
Let u now return from thi digreion to the iege of the c
tle of
Kot
ntn. Sultn Moh
mmed Khn h
ving t
ken the d
ughter of the King
of Fr
nce out of the booty of the c
ptured fleet,
nd by the
dvice

of the c
ptor, pl
ced the ret in the h
nd of Ak-Shmu-d-dn to

be divided
mong the
rmy, continued to encour
ge the beieger. At
length the fiftieth d
y c
me. It w
 m
nifet th
t
ll w
 terror
nd
confuion within the city,
nd thee gr
cele Chriti
n infidel
pl
nting
white fl
g on the r
mp
rt, cried out, Qu
rter, O choen
Houe of Omn! we will deliver up the city. A repite of one d
y w

therefore given to
ll the unbeliever, to go by l
nd or e
to
ny
country th
t they would. The Sultn then h
ving the pontific
l turb
n
on hi he
d,
nd ky-blue boot on hi feet, mounted on
mule,
nd
be
ring the word of Moh
mmed in hi h
nd, m
rched in
t the he
d of
70,000 or 80,000 Muelmn heroe, crying out, H
lt not, conqueror!
God be pr
ied! Ye
re the v
nquiher of Kot
nt
niyyeh! He led
them directly to the p
l
ce of Cont
ntine (T
kfr Ser), where he
found ome thou
nd of infidel
embled
nd prep
red to defend it
reolutely. A gre
t b
ttle enued,
nd in th
t contet Kot
ntn, the
king, w
 l
in,
nd buried with the ret of the f
ithle (kfir) in
the W
ter Mon
tery (Sl Men
tir). The tre
ure in the king p
l
ce
were o gre
t th
t God only know their
mount. They were
m
ed by
thi Kot
ntn, who w

merch
nt,
nd
 r
p
ciou

griffin
(
nk),
nd h
d rebuilt Ilmbl the ninth time. Moh
mmed proceeded to
the church of Ay Sfiy
h in order to expre hi th
nk by 
ying

pr
yer,
ccomp
nied by two inclin
tion of the he
d (_rik
t_). Twelve
thou
nd monk who dwelt within
nd
ll
round it, h
ving cloed it
door, threw from the roof, tower, turret,
nd belfrie,
rrow
nd
burning pitch,
nd n
pth
on the Molem. Moh
mmed h
ving inveted the
church with the
rmie of Ilm, like
w
rm of hornet, for three
d
y
nd three night,
t length took it on the fifty-third d
y. He
then h
ving l
in
few monk, entered the church, be
ring the t
nd
rd
of the Prophet of God in hi h
nd,
nd pl
nting it on the high
lt
r
(_mihrb_), ch
unted, for the firt time, the Moh
mmed
n ezn (c
ll
to pr
yer). The ret of the Muelmn victor h
ving put the monk to
the edge of the word, Ay Sfiy
h, w
 deluged with the blood of the
idol
ter. Moh
mmed, in order to le
ve them
memori
l of hi kill in

rchery, hot
four-winged
rrow into the centre of the cupol
,
nd
the tr
ce of hi
rrow i till hown there. One of the
rcher of the
Sultn gu
rd h
ving killed
n infidel with hi left h
nd,
nd filled
hi right with hi blood, c
me into the Sultn preence,
nd cl
pping
hi h
nd red with blood on
white m
rble column, left the impreion
of
h
nd
nd finger, which i till een ne
r the turbeh-k
p-. It
i on the oppoite corner
 one enter,
t the height of five men
t
ture
bove the ground.
_Eulogium on Y Vudd Sultn._
While Sultn Moh
mmed w
 going in olemn proceion round Ay Sfiy
h

fl
h of lightning w
 een to trike
pl
ce c
lled Terl-direk,

nd on going thither they found
body lying with it f
ce turned
tow
rd the kibleh,
nd written on it illumin
ted bre
t in crimon
ch
r
cter, the n
me Y Vudd (O All-loving). Ak-Shemu-d-dn,
K
r
h-Shemu-d-dn,
nd the other eventy holy men, excl
imed, Thi,
O Emperor! w
 the c
ue of Ilmbl f
lling on the fiftieth d
y.
H
ving pr
yed th
t it might f
ll in fifty d
y, on th
t very d
y
he reigned hi oul
nd bore hi pr
yer to he
ven. Then while
ll
thoe le
rned, righteou
nd excellent men were m
king the nece
ry
prep
r
tion for w
hing th
t noble corpe,
voice w
 he
rd from the
corner of the Terl-direk (the we
ting column), 
ying: He i w
hed

nd received into mercy, now therefore inter him. All were bre
thle
with
tonihment:
nd thoe vener
ble hekh h
ving pl
ced the
illutriou corpe of Y Vudd Sultn on
bier,
nd intending to bury

him ne
r Shehd-k
p-, proceeded to the t
ir of Emr On, where

the bier w
 put into
bo
t, which int
ntly, without
n o
r plyed or


il et, flew like lightning,
nd did not top till it c
me ne
r
[the tomb of] Ab Iyyb Enr. There the holy m
n w
 buried,
nd the
neighbouring l
nding-pl
ce w
 thence c
lled Y Vudd Ikeleh-.
Sultn Moh
mmed Khn, F
ther of Victory (_i.e._ the Conqueror),

Sultn on of
Sultn of the Il
mitic overeign of the Houe of
Omn, entered Ilmbl victoriouly on Wedned
y the 20th d
y of
Jumzu-l-khir, in the ye
r of the Prophet flight 867 [1t July,
A.D. 1453],
 w
 expreed by the prophetic
nd decriptive letter
of the text _beldetun t
yyibetun_ (
good city),
nd in the d
y, hour,

nd minute, which h
d been foretold to the Sultn by Ak-Shemu-d-dn.
Sever
l poet
nd men of le
rning h
ve m
de other line
nd technic
l
word cont
ining the d
te of thi victory of victorie; but the d
te
found in the ex
lted Korn i complete, if the l
t letter
re
counted
 they
re pronounced. Sultn Moh
mmed II. on urveying more
cloely the church of Ay Sfiy
h, w

tonihed
t the olidity
of it contruction, the trength of it found
tion, the height of
it cupol
,
nd the kill of it builder, Aghnd. He c
ued thi

ncient pl
ce of worhip to be cle
red of it idol
trou impuritie

nd purified from the blood of the l
in,
nd h
ving refrehed the
br
in of the victoriou Molem by fumig
ting it with
mber
nd
lign-
loe, converted it in th
t very hour into
jmi (
c
thedr
l),
by erecting
contr
cted mihrb, minber, m
hfil,
nd menreh, in th
t
pl
ce which might riv
l P
r
die. On the following Frid
y, the f
ithful
were ummoned to pr
yer by the muzzin, who procl
imed with
loud
voice thi text (Kor. xxxiii. 56): Verily, God
nd hi
ngel ble
the Prophet. Ak-Shemu-d-dn
nd K
r
h Shemu-d-dn then
roe,
nd
pl
cing themelve on e
ch ide of the Sultn, upported him under hi

rm; the former pl
ced hi own turb
n on the he
d of the conqueror,
fixing in it
bl
ck
nd white fe
ther of
cr
ne,
nd putting into
hi h
nd
n
ked word. Thu conducted to the minber he
cended it,

nd cried out with
voice
 loud
 D
vid, Pr
ie be to God the
Lord of
ll world, (Kor. i. 1.) on which
ll the victoriou Molem
lifted up their h
nd
nd uttered
hout of joy. The Sultn then
offici
ting
 kh
tb pronounced the khutbeh,
nd decending from the
minber, c
lled upon Ak-Shemu-d-dn to perform the ret of the ervice

 Imm. On th
t Frid
y the p
tri
rch
nd no le th
n three thou
nd
priet who h
d been conce
led underne
th the floor of the church,
were honoured by being received into Ilm. One of them, who w
 three
hundred ye
r old, they n
med Bb Moh
mmed. Thi m
n pointed out

hidden tre
ure on the right ide of the mihrb, 
ying it w
 pl
ced
there by Sulemn (Solomon), the firt builder of thi
ncient pl
ce
of worhip. The Sultn h
ving firt offered up pr
yer there for the
properity
nd perpetuity of the pl
ce, c
ued the ground to be dug
up bene
th it,
nd during
whole week m
ny thou
nd c
mel-lo
d of
tre
ure in coin of Tekiyn
nd Ok-ynu (Deci
nu
nd), were
c
rried
w
y
nd depoited in the roy
l tre
ury
nd in the g
rden of
the
ren
l.
_On the gloriou Conquet of the Ok-medn (Archery-ground)._
When the Sultn h
d ditributed
ll the booty
mong the victor, he
c
ued the idol like Vudd, Ygh, Y
f, Suv,
nd Ner, which were
found et with jewel in Ay Sfiy
h to be c
rried to the Ok-medn,

nd et up there
 m
rk for
ll the Muelmn heroe to hoot their

rrow
t;
nd from thence
n
rrow which hit the m
rk, i to thi
d
y c
lled by
rcher
n idol
rrow (pteh k). One of thoe idol

w
 t
nding till knocked to piece in the time of Sultn Ahmed Khn.
Another w
 c
lled Azmh, bec
ue it tood on the outh ide,
nd
the
rrow hit it when hot with
northerly wind; the pot on which
it tood i now c
lled Tz-kprn-ygh (Dut-m
ker Foot). Another
idol c
lled Hek, pl
ced ne
r Kh-k, w
 mot e
ily hit from
the north; hence the phr
e
hek-hot. Another c
lled Ph-rev,
pl
ced on the north-wet ide,
nd mot e
ily hit from the outh-e
t
(kibleh), till give it n
me to uch
hot. From Pelenk, pl
ced on
the wet ide
nd hit from the e
t, the term pelenk i derived. In
hort, h
ving pl
ced twelve different idol on the four ide of the
Ok-medn,
gr
nd
rchery-m
tch w
 m
de,
nd
ll the old
rcher,
e
ch hewing hi kill in t
king
im
t them, m
de gl
d the oul of the
illutriou S
d V
kk,
nd hence
roe the cutom
mong the people
of Ilmbl of meeting there on holid
y for the purpoe of trying
their kill in
rchery. Sultn Moh
mmed II. h
ving gone thence to the
g
rden of the
ren
l, g
ve
b
nquet for three d
y
nd three night
to
ll the Molem conqueror, himelf
ppe
ring like the chhnegr
bh (chief butler), with hi kirt girt up round hi loin
nd

h
ndkerchief in hi girdle, offering them bre
d
nd 
lt,
nd providing
them with
plendid dinner. After the rep
t he c
rried round the
ewer,
nd poured out w
ter for the le
rned
nd excellent to w
h their
noble h
nd; thu for three d
y
nd three night bre
king hi pirit
by performing thee ervice.
_Ditribution of the Booty._
After thi plendid fe
t, which l
ted three d
y
nd three night,
the Sultn
ccomp
nied by the three imperi
l defterdr
nd
ll the
clerk of the
rmy, proceeded to pile up in the g
rden of the
ren
l,
the tre
ure t
ken on bo
rd of the French fleet, with thoe pointed
out in the Ay Sfiy
h by Moh
mmed Bb,
nd thoe t
ken from the
even thou
nd mon
terie, convent,
nd p
l
ce within the city.
The firt to whom their h
re w

llotted were the phyici
n,
oculit, urgeon, w
her of the de
d
nd gr
ve-digger erving in
the
rmy; next the herf (_i.e._ member of the Prophet f
mily);
then the le
rned
nd piou ulem
nd uleh (_i.e._ doctor of l
w);
then the imm, kh
tb,
nd hekh;
fter them the mll
nd
kzie (judge); then the erden gechdi (dre
d-nought); next the
Ar
b m
rine who dr
gged the hip overl
nd, from the vill
ge thence
c
lled Levend-chiftlik;
fter them the j
ni
rie; then the iphe,
z
m, tpch, jebehj, lghemj, ehekch, horekeeper,
nd
c
mp-erv
nt, repectively forming together one hundred
nd eventy
thou
nd men, to whom ixty-three thou
nd houe were
llotted,
beide their leg
l h
re of the poil. Out of thi the victor p
id
during their live the tenth
ppointed by God l
w, to the Sultn,
whoe own h
re w
 three thou
nd eight hundred c
ptive, twenty
thou
nd pure of gold, coin of Tekiyn
nd Ynk on of Mdiyn,
three thou
nd p
l
ce, two bezetn,
nd even thou
nd hop. They

lo g
ve to the Sultn the moque of Ay Sfiy
h, with even gre
t
convent,
nd fixed the rent to be p
id by him for the New Ser
t one
thou
nd
per
d
y. A Jew, who offered one thou
nd
nd one
per,
w
 put to de
th. In the k
r
mn-w
rd of the city three hundred lofty
p
l
ce were given to the ulem, one hundred
nd ixty-two to the
j
ni
rie, eventy to the vezr, even to e
ch of the even kubbeh
vezr. In hort,
ll the houe in Ilmbl were thu ditributed

mong the victor,
nd the d
ughter of the French King mentioned
bove,
w
 given to the Emperor. Thu w
 every duty which the l
w required
fulfilled. Ak-Shemu-d-dn then t
nding up, thu poke: Know
nd
undert
nd ye Molem conqueror, th
t it i you of whom the l
t of

the prophet, the joy
nd pride of
ll cre
ture, poke, when he 
id:
Verily they h
ll conquer Kot
nt
niyyeh; the bet of comm
nder i
their comm
nder; the bet of
rmie i th
t
rmy! Squ
nder not
w
y
then thee tre
ure, but pend them on good
nd piou found
tion
in Ilmbl; be obedient to your Emperor;
nd
 from the d
y of
Omn down to the preent time, you c
lled your Emperor Beg, o from
henceforth c
ll him Sultn;
nd

t the fe
t he girded up hi loin,

nd erved you himelf, in return for hi bounty, c
ll him Khnkr.
He then f
tened to the he
d of the Sultn
double bl
ck
nd white
heron plume (
igrette), 
ying: Thou
rt now, O Emperor, become the
choen Prince of the Houe of Omn, continue to fight v
li
ntly in
the p
th of God! A hout of victory w
 then m
de,
nd the Muelmn
w
rrior took poeion of their new h
bit
tion. It w

t th
t
time th
t, with the permiion of Ak-Shemu-d-dn
nd the other holy
men,
coin w
 firt truck be
ring thi legend: The Sultn, on
of
Sultn, Sultn Moh
mmed Khn, on of Sultn Murd Khn, be hi
victory ex
lted; coined in Kot
nt
niyyeh in the ye
r 757. On the
following d
y, when the Sultn,
 he c
me out of the h
rem, received
Ak-Shemu-d-dn in the Aren
l-G
rden: Did you not e
t ome weetme
t
l
t night, Sire? 
id the l
tter. No, replied the Sultn, we e
t
none!Do you not remember, replied the holy m
n, th
t when you
were o much grieved while governor of M
ghn, on he
ring of the
c
pture of Akk
h by the Fr
nk, I told you th
t you would e
t ome
of their weetme
t when you h
d t
ken Ilmbl? And did you not l
t
night enjoy the ociety of the French prince? W
 not th
t t
ting

weetme
t won from the Fr
nk? Henceforw
rd let th
t unexp
nded roe
be c
lled Akdeh (ug
r-c
ndy) Khnum,
nd be thou thyelf tyled
Khnkr (blood hedder). Let thi d
y be
d
y of rejoicing, but let it
likewie be
d
y of jutice! Of the three thou
nd blooming Moh
mmed
n
virgin who c
me in the uite of Akdeh your poue (khek), let
not one be touched, but end to Akk
h, Gh
zz
h, R
ml
h, Kh
rn,
ll
the countrie whence they were t
ken,
regiter cont
ining their
n
me,
nd order their p
rent, rel
tion,
nd friend to rep
ir to
Ilmbl, th
t e
ch of them m
y, with the conent of their p
rent, be
joined in l
wful m
rri
ge with one of the Molem w
rrior,
nd the city
of Ilmbl be thu m
de populou. The counel of Ak Shemu-d-dn
were followed;
nd in
hort time ten thou
nd f
ther, mother,
rel
tion,
nd connexion, h
tened to the city,
nd three thou
nd
heroe were m
de h
ppy by being joined in l
wful m
trimony to three
thou
nd virgin. Order were then iued to
ll the vezr who were
Ph in Europe
nd Ai
, to end
ll the on of Ad
m from e
ch
ditrict to Ilmbl. Thu the w
rd of Ukbl w
 peopled by the
inh
bit
nt of Ukb; the Yen M
h
ll
h by the people of Yen-hehr;
th
t of Ay Sfiy
h by the people of Sfiy
h; th
t of Tene by the Urm
(Greek) from Mr
h (the More
); the neighbourhood of Tekkr-eri
nd
Sh
hd-k
p-i by the Jew of fifty communitie brought from Selnk
(The
lonic
); Ak-Ser by the people from Antl (N
toli
); the w
rd
below the c
tle by the Syri
n
nd Ar
b; the Peri
n were ettled
in Khj
h-khn ne
r M
hmd Ph; the Gypie (Chingneh) coming from
B
lt Shehr
re et
blihed in the B
lt-m
h
lleh-; the Uluch from
Akl-bend in the Akl-bend w
rd; the Arnt (Alb
ni
n) ne
r the
Silivr-g
te; the Jew from S
f
t in Kh K; the An
toli
n Turk
t
Ukudr (Scut
ri); the Armeni
n of Tkt
nd Sv ne
r Sl Montir;
the M
gnei
n in the M
jnj w
rd; the Ekirdir
nd Ekmidir people

t Egr k
p; the in Iyyb Sultn; the K
r
m
ni
n in the Buyk
K
r
mn w
rd; the inh
bit
nt of Kniy
h in th
t of Kuchk K
r
mn;
thoe of Tirehl in Vef; the people of the pl
in of Chehr-henbeh in
the bzr o c
lled; the inh
bit
nt of K
temn in the K
znjl
r
(br
zier) w
rd; the Lz from Tirbuzn (Trebizonde) ne
r the moque
of Sultn By
zd; the people of Gelbl (G
llipoli)
t the Aren
l;

thoe of Izmr (Smyrn
) in Gre
t Gh
l
t
h; the Fr
nk in Little

Gh
l
t
h (Per
); the inh
bit
nt of Snb
nd Smn
t Tp-khneh. In
hort, the Moh
mmed
n inh
bit
nt of
ll the l
rge town in the l
nd
of the Houe of Omn were then brought to people Ilmbl, c
lled on
th
t
ccount Ilm bl (i.e.
mple i it Ilm!).
By God decree, Ilmbl w
 t
ken in the month of Temmz (July),
nd
the e
w
 then dyed with the blood of ome thou
nd of m
rtyr. Now
it h
ppen, th
t for forty d
y, every ye
r
t th
t e
on, the e

i till blood-red, from the g
te of Iyyb Enr to the M
rtyr-g
te
(Shehd k
p-). Thi i
m
rvellou thing
nd one of God ecret.
Verily God h
th power over
ll thing!

SECTION XII.
_Decription of the new Ser, the Threhold of the Abode of Felicity._
The conqueror h
ving thu become poeed of uch tre
ure,
oberved th
t the firt thing requiite for
n Emperor i
perm
nent
h
bit
tion. He therefore expended three thou
nd pure on building
the new Ser. The bet of ever
l metric
l d
te incribed over the
Imperi
l g
te, i th
t
t the bottom in conpicuou gold letter on

white m
rble t
blet, Kh
lled All
hu
zz
hibihi. M
y God m
ke the
glory of it m
ter etern
l! (_i.e._ A.H. 876, A.D. 1471-2). Never
h
th
more delightful edifice been erected by the
rt of m
n; for,
pl
ced on the border of the e
,
nd h
ving the Bl
ck Se
on the North,

nd the White Se
on the E
t, it i r
ther
town itu
ted on the
confluence of two e
 th
n
p
l
ce. It firt builder w
 th
t econd
Solomon, the two-horned Alex
nder. It w
, therefore, erected on the
rem
in of wh
t h
d been built by former prince,
nd Moh
mmed the
Conqueror
dded eventy priv
te, reg
l,
nd well-furnihed
p
rtment;
uch

confection
ry, b
ke-houe, hopit
l,
rmory, m
t-houe,
wood-houe, gr
n
ry, privy-t
ble without
nd within, uch th
t e
ch
i like the t
ble of Ant
r, tore-room of v
riou kind round

g
rden delightful
 the g
rden of Irem, pl
nted with twenty thou
nd
cypree, pl
ne, weeping-willow, thuy
, pine,
nd box-tree,
nd

mong them m
ny hundred thou
nd of fruit tree, forming
n
vi
ry

nd tulip-p
rterre, which to thi d
y m
y be comp
red to the g
rden of
the Genii (Jin). In the middle of thi g
rden there i
delightful
hill
nd riing ground, on which he built forty priv
te
p
rtment,
w
incoted with Chinee tile,
nd
h
ll of
udience (Arz-d) within
the Port of Felicity,
nd
fine hippodrome, on the e
t ide of which
he erected
b
th, ne
r the privy tre
ury; cloe to which
re the

vi
ry, the p
ntry, the tre
urer ch
mber, the Sultn cloet, the
Imperi
l moque, the f
lconer ch
mber, the gre
t
nd m
ll p
ge
ch
mber; the eferl
nd gulkh
n ch
mber, the moque of the
Buyk-d,
nd the houe of exercie, which join the b
th mentioned

bove. The privy ch
mber (kh-d), mentioned before, were occupied
by three thou
nd p
ge, be
utiful
 Yuf (Joeph), richly
ttired in
hirt fr
gr
nt
 roe, with embroidered ti
r
,
nd robe drowned in
gold
nd jewel, h
ving e
ch hi pl
ce in the Imperi
l ervice, where
he w

lw
y re
dy to
ttend. There w
 no h
rem in thi p
l
ce; but
one w
 built
fterw
rd, in the time of Sultn Sulemn, who
dded

ch
mber for the bl
ck eunuch (_t
vh
gh-l
r_),
nother for the
white eunuch (_teberdrn kheh_, _i.e._ privy h
lb
rdier),

c
binet (_khk_) for recre
tion,
nd
ch
mber for the dvn, where

the even vezr
embled four d
y in the week. Sultn Moh
mmed,
likewie, urrounded thi trongly-fortified p
l
ce with
w
ll th
t
h
d 366 tower,
nd twelve thou
nd b
ttlement; it circumference
being 6,500 p
ce, with ixteen g
te, gre
t
nd m
ll. Beide
ll
the other officer before enumer
ted, there were in thi p
l
ce twelve
thou
nd Btnj,
nd, including
ll, forty thou
nd oul lodged
within it w
ll.

SECTION XIII.
_Decription of the Old Ser._
Sultn Moh
mmed the Conqueror
lo determined to pl
ce hi honour
ble
h
rem in Ilmbl. In
n
iry
nd elev
ted poition, on the ide of
the city which overlook the c
n
l, there w

n old convent, built
by King Pz
ntn,
nd pl
ced in the midt of
delightful grove,
full of
ll ort of be
t
nd bird. Thi convent, in the time of
Pz
ntn
nd Kot
ntn, h
d been occupied by twelve thou
nd monk

nd nun. The occ
ion of it being built w
, th
t Simon, one of the

potle of Jeu, h
ving eng
ged in devotion,
nd in m
int
ining

friendly intercoure with
ll ort of wild
nim
l, dug
pit in
the ground in order to upply them with w
ter, on which
pring
of truly living w
ter burt forth. Simon
fterw
rd built
m
ll
or
tory there, which, in proce of time, w
 repl
ced by the convent
which Moh
mmed detroyed, when he built upon it ite the old p
l
ce
(_Ek Ser_) begun in the ye
r 858 (A.D. 1454),
nd finihed in the
ye
r 862 (A.D. 1458). The w
ll h
 neither tower, b
ttlement, nor
ditch; but i very trong, being c
ed with
zure-coloured le
d. It
circumference w
 then twelve thou
nd
rhn (25,000 feet). It i

olid qu
re building, one ide of which tretched from the br
zier
(_k
znjl
r_) qu
rter, ne
r the moque of Sultn By
zd, down to
the Mik-bn (Muk-o
p) g
te, from whence
nother extended to the
p
l
ce of Dellk Mut
f Ph. Thence
third reted
g
int the w
ll

nd citern of the little bzr. The ite of the p
l
ce of the Agh
of the j
ni
rie,
nd of Siyvuh Ph, now occupie th
t of the
Old Ser. From thence the fourth ide, p
ing
bove the qu
rter of
T
ht
-l k
l
h, c
me
g
in to the Br
zier bzr. Within thi p
l
ce
there were m
ny court, c
binet, citern,
nd fount
in;
kitchen
like th
t of Kei-kvu,
priv
te buttery, ch
mber for three thou
nd
h
lb
rdier (_teberdr_), erv
nt without ringlet, one
p
rtment
(_d_) for the white,
nd one for the bl
ck Agh (of the eunuch),
who were both ubordin
te to the (_Kizl
r Agh_) Agh of the Porte
(_Dru--
deh_, _i.e._ the houe of felicity). H
ving pl
ced in thi

ll hi f
vourite (_khek_), together with the French Prince,
he c
me twice every week from the new p
l
ce to the old,
nd on thoe
night did jutice there.
_Eulogium on the living w
ter of the old p
l
ce (Ek Ser)._
Ab-l f
t-h Moh
mmed, being
wie
nd illutriou Emperor,
embled

ll hi le
rned men in order to enquire which w
 the bet w
ter in
Ilmbl,
nd they
ll un
nimouly pointed out to him the pring
of Shimn (Simon), within the Ek Ser,
 the lightet, mot
temper
te,
nd copiou of
ll; which w
 proved by dipping
mikl
of cotton in
cert
in qu
ntity of e
ch different kind of w
ter, then

weighing e
ch p
rcel,
nd
fter drying it in the un, weighing it

econd time. The Sultn, therefore, reolved to drink of no other w
ter
th
n thi,
nd to thi time it i the f
vourite ource from which
ll
hi ucceor drink. Three men come every d
y from the Kilrj-bh,

nd three from the S
kk-bh of the Ser,
nd fill ix ilver
fl
ggon, e
ch cont
ining twenty ounce, with thi limpid w
ter, e
l
the mouth of them in preence of the inpector of w
ter with e
l of
red w
x,
nd bring them to the Emperor. At preent thi fount
in i in
front of the Inpector-g
te (Nzir k
p-) on the e
tern ide of
the Ek Ser, where Sultn Moh
mmed the Conqueror c
ued the w
ter
to run outide of the p
l
ce,
nd erected the building over it; it i
now the mot celebr
ted w
ter in the town,
nd i known by the n
me of
the fount
in of Shimn. In the ye
r, Sultn Sulemn h
ving enl
rged
thi old p
l
ce to the extent of three mile in circumference, built
three g
te. The Dvn k
p- tow
rd the e
t, Sultn By
zd k
p-
to the outh,
nd the Sulemniyyeh k
p- tow
rd the wet. On the
outide of thi g
te Sultn Sulemn built the moque be
ring hi n
me
from the booty of the conquet of Belgr
de, M
lt
,
nd Rhode;
nd
ne
r it college for cience,
nd te
ching the tr
dition
nd
rt of
reciting the Korn,
chool for children,
n
lm-houe,
hopit
l,

cr
vner,
b
th,
nd m
rket for boot-m
ker, button-m
ker,
nd
goldmith;
p
l
ce for the reidence of the l
te Siyvuh Ph,

nother for the reidence of the Agh of the j
ni
rie,
third for
Ll Mut
f Ph,
fourth for Pr Moh
mmed Ph K
r
mn,
fifth
for Mut
f Ph, builder of the moque
t Gebiz,
ixth for hi
d
ughter Em
hn Sultn,
nd
thou
nd cell, with penion
nnexed,
for the erv
nt of the moque. The four ide, however, of the old
Ser, were bordered by the public ro
d,
nd, to thi time,
re not
contiguou to
ny houe. The
bovementioned p
l
ce
re
ll built
on the ite of the old Ser, which w
 erected by Sultn Moh
mmed
Khn, who
fterw
rd contructed b
rr
ck for 160 regiment (Bulk

nd Jem
t) of j
ni
rie,
nd 160 ch
mber (_d_) for the
Segbn (_Semen_),
moque for himelf, ch
mber for the
rmorer
(_jebeh-j_), powder m
g
zine
t Pek-khn
h, K
lender-khn
h,
Ter-khn
h, Top-khn
h, Kghid-khn
h,
nd m
ny other imil
r public
building within
nd without Ilmbl; the um thu expended, h
ving
been dr
wn from the tre
ure
m
ed in hi conquet.

SECTION XIV.
_On the Public Officer et
blihed
t Ilmbl
t the time of the
Conquet._
Within three ye
r the city of Ilmbl bec
me o populou,
nd
cont
ined uch
e
of men, th
t it w
 impoible to retr
in it
inh
bit
nt without public
uthority. The
it
nt firt gr
nted to
the Gr
nd Vezr M
hmd Ph, were five executioner,
regiment (d)
of j
ni
rie, with
Muhzir Agh (colonel), chhe (
pp
ritor)
of the Tpj
nd Jebehji,
c
pt
in (_dbh_) of the Btnj,

nd
tfenkj (muketeer),
nd m
t
r
hj (w
ter-c
rrier) t
ken from
the j
ni
rie, with whom he took hi round through the city on the
fourth d
y of every week, in order to punih by the f
lk
h (b
tin
do)

ll tr
ngreor of the l
w. He went firt to the Dvn-khn
h
(Court-houe) of the tr
depeople
t the Un-k
pn (flour-m
rket),

nd held
dvn there; he next viited the t
ir (_ikeleh_) of the
fruit-m
rket,
nd held
dvn to fix the price of fruit; from thence

he proceeded to the green-m
rket
nd h
mble (S
lkh-khn
h), where

he ettled the r
te
t which green
nd mutton hould be old,
nd he

fterw
rd returned to the Ser.
The econd public officer w
 the Segbn Bh (comm
nder of the
Semen), to whom the f
lk
h w
 entruted, but he h
d no executioner.
The third w
 the judge
nd Mll of Ilmbl, who could inflict the
b
tin
do (f
lk
h),
nd imprion for debt.
The fourth, the Mll of Iyyb, who could inflict the 
me punihment.
The fifth, the Mll of Gh
l
t
h,
nd
The ixth, the Mll of Ukudr, poeing the 
me power within their
repective juridiction.
The eventh, the Ayk Nb, or uperintend
nt of the m
rket, who
punihed
ll who old
bove the leg
l price, or ued f
le weight
nd
me
ure.
The eighth, the Mohteib Agh- (inpector of hop), by whom
ll
def
ulter in buying
nd elling were punihed,
ccording to their
offence, with imprionment
nd torture; uch
 covering their he
d
with the entr
il of be
t, or n
iling their e
r
nd noe to
pl
nk.
The ninth, the A
-bh,
nd
The tenth, the S-bh, two police-officer
ttended by executioner
provided with whip
nd courge, but not with rod
nd tock
(_f
lk
h_). They m
de domicili
ry viit, took up offender,
nd

ttended
t the execution of crimin
l condemned to de
th.
The eleventh, the Ilmbl-Agh-, or comm
nd
nt of Cont
ntinople.
The twelfth, the Btnj-bh, who cont
ntly, from night till
morning, t
ke the round of
ll the vill
ge on the e
-hore, punihe

ll whom he find tr
ngreing;
nd if
ny
re deerving of de
th,
throw them into the e
.
The thirteenth, Chrbj (colonel of the j
ni
rie), who
continu
lly go round, from night till morning, with five or ix hundred
of their oldier in quet of upiciou peron, whom they end
prioner to the Porte, where they receive their due.
The fourteenth, the forty Judge
ppointed,
ccording to the l
w of the
Prophet, to preide over the forty Court of Jutice (_mehkemeh_) in
Ilmbl, under the four Mll mentioned
bove. They
lo h
ve power
to imprion
nd inflict punihment.
The fifteenth, the Shekho-Ilm or Mufti (he
d of the l
w). He c
n
only give the leg
l
nwer to quetion ubmitted to him, _viz._ It
i, or It i not. God know! Ye, or No.
The ixteenth, the Antl Kz-
ker (milit
ry judge of An
toli
),
h
 no right to punih, but it in the dvn
 chief
nd preident of

ll the Ai
tic judge.
The eventeenth, the Rm-l Kz-
ker (milit
ry judge of Romeli
),
h
 likewie no power of punihing, but decide
ll l
wuit brought

into the dvn from the country,
nd i the he
d of
ll the Europe
n
judge. He i likewie
ppointed, by the c
non of Sultn Moh
mmed the
Conqueror, to write
ll the imperi
l p
tent (_bert_).
The eighteenth, the Comm
nder (Dizdr) of the Seven Tower.
The nineteenth, the chief Architect; if
ny building be erected in
Ilmbl without hi permiion it i pulled down,
nd the builder
re
punihed.
The twentieth, the K
pdn-Ph (Lord High Admir
l) et
blihed in the
Aren
l (Ter-khn
h); who comm
nd by e
night
nd d
y.
The twenty-firt, the Ky
y (_ket-khod_) of the Aren
l (Ter-khn
h),
who, if
ny thieve
re found by d
y or night in the ditrict c
lled
Kim Ph, c
n inflict the everet punihment, even de
th, if
nece
ry.
The twenty-econd, the T
lm-khnehj Bh (
djut
nt-gener
l,
comm
nder of the 54th regiment of j
ni
rie),
nd of the krj
(inv
lid), whoe b
rr
ck
re within the bound
rie of Ok-medn, t
ke
their round there,
nd if they meet with
ny upiciou v
g
bond,
c
rry them to their comm
nder, the Atj Bh (Chief of the Archer),
who, punihing them
ccording to their deert, order them to be
upended from
tree by the tring of the bowmen,
nd

iled by

hower of
rrow.
It w
 ord
ined by the regul
tion of Sultn Moh
mmed the Conqueror,

nd th
t ordin
nce h
 been renewed by
kh
tiherf (imperi
l
recript) from
ll hi ucceor, th
t
ny offender whom thee
officer h
ll
pprehend, if he be
oldier, h
ll receive no mercy,
but be hung upon
tree forthwith. In fine, in the ditrict on
both ide of the Str
it of the Bl
ck Se
, there
re thirty-three
m
gitr
te,
nd thirty-five loc
l judge, deputie of the Mll, in
the city. But the town of Bey-k h

ep
r
te juridiction, the
judge of which i
ppointed by the Munejjim Bh (
tronomer roy
l).
Beide the judge
nd m
gitr
te
lre
dy enumer
ted, there
re
lo
166 Ditrict Judge, ubordin
te to the four Mll of Ilmbl, 360
Subh, eighty-even gu
rd of j
ni
rie, with their comm
nding
officer (erdr),
nd forty Subh of the free v
kf (ch
rit
ble
found
tion). In hort, the whole number of Kz
nd Sbh within
the precinct of Ilmbl, et
blihed by the code (_knn_) of
Moh
mmed the Conqueror,
mount to twelve hundred. There
re
lo
within the 
me juridiction the governor
nd m
gitr
te of 150
corpor
tion of tr
demen; but thee governor h
ve no leg
l
uthority
to imprion
nd punih; they c
n only determine quetion repecting
the t
tute of the corpor
tion over which they preide.

SECTION XV.
_On the Imperi
l Moque in the Moh
mmed
n City of Kot
nt
niyyeh._
The firt,
nd mot
ncient of thee pl
ce of worhip dedic
ted to
the
lmighty
nd everl
ting God, i th
t of Ay Sfiy
h, built,

mentioned in the eventh Section, in the ye
r 5052
fter the f
ll of
Ad
m. It w
 finihed by Aghnd (Ign
tiu?),
perfect
rchitect,

well killed in geometry, under the direction of the Prophet Khizr;

nd forty thou
nd workmen, even thou
nd porter,
nd three thou
nd
builder, were employed in r
iing it dome
nd
rche on three
thou
nd pill
r. Every p
rt of the world w
 r
n
cked to find the
richet m
rble,
nd the h
rdet tone for it w
ll
nd column.
Stone of v
riou hue, fit for the throne of Belk, were brought
from Ay Solgh (Epheu)
nd Adinjik; m
rble of diver colour were
removed from K
r
mn, Shm (Syri
),
nd the il
nd of Kubru (Cypru).
Some thou
nd of incomp
r
ble column, w
p
nd olive-coloured, were
imported from the plendid monument of the kill of Solomon, t
nding
in the neighbourhood of tineh (Athen). After working
t the building
for forty ye
r, Khizr
nd Aghnd di
ppe
red one night when they
h
d finihed h
lf the dome. Seven ye
r
fterw
rd they
ppe
red
g
in

nd completed it. On it ummit they pl
ced
cro of gold
n hundred
Alex
ndri
n quint
l in weight, viible
t Br
h, Kehh-dgh (Mount
Olympu), Alem-dgh,
nd Itrnjeh dgh. On the birth-night of the
Prophet there w

dre
dful e
rthqu
ke, by which thi
nd m
ny other
wonderful dome were thrown down; but it w

fterw
rd retored by
the
id of Khizr,
nd by the
dvice of the Prophet, to whom the three
hundred p
tri
rch
nd monk, preiding over the church, were ent by
him. A
memori
l of the retor
tion of the dome by the
id of the
Prophet
nd Khizr, Moh
mmed the Conqueror upended in the middle of
it, by
golden ch
in,
Golden Globe, which c
n hold fifty kl
h of
gr
in, Rom
n me
ure; it i within re
ch of
m
n h
nd,
nd bene
th
it Khizr performed hi ervice to God. Among the piou, m
ny peron
h
ve choen the 
me pl
ce for offering up their orion;
nd ever
l
who h
ve perevered in 
ying the morning pr
yer there for forty d
y,
h
ve obt
ined the bleing, tempor
l
nd piritu
l, for which they
pr
yed: it i, therefore, much frequented by the piou
nd neceitou
for th
t purpoe.
_On the Dimenion, Builder, &c. of th
t
ncient pl
ce of worhip, Ay
Sfiy
h._
Thi moque i itu
ted on elev
ted ground
t the e
tern end of the
city,
thou
nd p
ce (_dim_) dit
nt from the St
ble-g
te (khr
k
p) ne
r the e
,
nd
thou
nd from Ser
glio Point. The gre
t
cupol
which re
r it he
d into the kie i joined by
h
lf-cupol
,
bene
th which i the mihrb (
cred rece),
nd to the right of it

m
rble pulpit (_minber_). There
re
ltogether on the whole building
no le then 360 gilt cupol
, the l
rget of which i the gre
t one
in the middle; they
re orn
mented with bro
d, circul
r,
nd cryt
l
gl
e, the number of which in the whole moque
mount to 1,070. The

bovementioned cupol
 (_kubbeh_)
re
dorned within by wonderful
p
inting, repreenting cherubim
nd men, the work of Montir,

p
inter, kilful
 Arzheng. Thee figure eem even now, to
ilent

nd reflecting oberver, to be poeed of life
nd thought. Beide
them, there
re,
t the four
ngle upporting the gre
t cupol
, four

ngel, no doubt the four
rch
ngel, Jebryl (G
briel), Mkyl
(Mich
el), Irfl,
nd Azryl, t
nding with their wing extended,
e
ch 56 cubit high. Before the birth of the Prophet, thee four

ngel ued to pe
k,
nd give notice of
ll d
nger which thre
tened
the empire
nd the city of Ilmbl; but ince hi Highne
ppe
red,

ll t
lim
n h
ve ce
ed to
ct. Thi cupol
i upported by four

rche (_tk_) th
t excel the
rch of the p
l
ce of Ker
(Choroe)
(Tki Ker
), the
rch of Kh
vern
k; th
t of K
d
f; th
t of Kf,
nd
th
t of Sheddd. The l
rge column, of the richet colour
nd mot
preciou m
rble,
re forty Mecc
-cubit high; thoe of the econd tory

re not le be
utiful, but
re only thirty cubit high. There
re

two g
llerie running round three ide of thi moque,
nd forming
upper moque for the worhipper; there i
n
cent to them on both
ide, which m
y be
cended on horeb
ck; it i
roy
l ro
d p
ved
with white m
rble. The moque h

ltogether 361 door, of which 101

re l
rge g
te, through which l
rge crowd c
n enter. They
re
ll
o bewitched by t
lim
n, th
t if you count them ever o m
ny time,
there
lw
y
ppe
r to be one more th
n there w
 before. They
re
e
ch twenty cubit high,
nd
re
dorned with goldmith work
nd
en
mel. The middle g
te tow
rd the Kibl
h, which i the highet of

ll, i fifty cubit high. It i m
de of pl
nk from the
rk which No
h
contructed with hi own h
nd. Over thi centr
l outhern g
te there i

long coffin of yellow br
, which cont
in the body of A Sf, who
c
ued Ay Sfiyh to be built;
nd though m
ny emperor h
ve tried
t
different time to open thi coffin,
n e
rthqu
ke
nd
horrible cr
h
immedi
tely he
rd within the moque, h
ve
lw
y prevented them from
comp
ing their deign.
Above it, in
niche, upported on m
ll column, t
nd
picture of
Jeru
lem (the
ncient Kibleh), in m
rble; within it there
re jewel
of inetim
ble v
lue, but it i
lo t
lim
nic,
nd c
nnot be touched
by
ny body. In thi pl
ce there tood likewie upon
green column

n im
ge of Mother Meryem (the Virgin M
ry), holding in her h
nd

c
rbuncle
 big

pigeon egg, by the bl
ze of which the moque w

lighted every night. Thi c
rbuncle w

lo removed in the birthnight
of the Prophet, to Kizil Alm (Rome), which received it n
me (Red
Apple) from thence. The Sp
nih infidel were once or twice m
ter of
Ilmbl,
nd thence th
t egg (the c
rbuncle) c
me into their h
nd.
The w
ll of thi moque,
 well
 the extremitie of the column,

re c
rved like v
riou flower, with the mot exquiite workm
nhip.
The Mihrb
nd Minber
re of white m
rble highly orn
mented.
_A Decription of the four Minreh (Min
ret)._
While Moh
mmed the Conqueror w
 reiding
 Viceroy
t Edreneh
(Adri
nople), there w

gre
t e
rthqu
ke
t Ilmbl, which m
de
the northern ide of Ay Sfiy
h bend,
nd thre
tened it ruin. The
infidel were much
l
rmed; but Prince Moh
mmed, in
friendly m
nner,
ent the old
rchitect, Al Nejjr, who h
d built the gre
t moque

t Br
h
nd Edreneh for Yildirim By
zd,
nd w
 then living, to
the Greek king, in order to rep
ir Ay Sfiy
h. It w
 he who erected
for the upport of the building four trong buttree, every one of
which i like the b
rrier of Yjj (Gog). The
rchitect h
ving m
de

t
irc
e of two hundred tep in the buttre on the right ide of
Ay Sfiy
h,
mong the hop of the turb
n-m
ker (_rikch_), the
king
ked for wh
t purpoe thi t
irc
e w
 intended? The
rchitect

nwered, For going out upon the le
d in c
e of need? When the
work w
 completed the king betowed rich preent on the
rchitect,
who returning to Edreneh, 
id to Sultn Moh
mmed, I h
ve ecured the
cupol
of Ay Sfiy
h, O emperor, by four mighty buttree; to rep
ir
it depended on me, to conquer it depend on thee. I h
ve
lo l
id
the found
tion of
minreh for thee, where I offered up my pr
yer.
On th
t very found
tion, three ye
r
fterw
rd, by the will of God,
Sultn Moh
mmed built
mot be
utiful ix-ided minreh. Sultn Selm
II.
fterw
rd, in the ye
r,
dded
nother
t the corner oppoite
to the g
te of the Imperi
l p
l
ce (Bbi humyn, the Sublime Porte),
which i more orn
mented, but
little lower th
n th
t of Moh
mmed the
Conqueror. Sultn Murd III. built ubequently two other minreh on
the north
nd wet ide, e
ch with only one g
llery.

The enign (
lem, _i.e._ the crecent) on the top of thee four
minreh
re e
ch of twenty cubit,
nd richly gilt; but th
t on the
gre
t dome i fifty cubit long,
nd the gilding of it required fifty
thou
nd piece of gold coin. It i viible
t the dit
nce of two
f
r

ng by l
nd,
nd
hundred mile off by e
. Murd III.
lo
brought from the il
nd of Mermereh (M
rmor
) two princely b
on
of white m
rble, e
ch of them reembling the cupol
of
b
th,
nd
o l
rge th
t neither Jemhd nor Dr ever poeed uch
n one.
E
ch of them c
n cont
in
thou
nd kleh. They t
nd inide of the
moque, one on the right h
nd
nd the other on the left, full of
living w
ter, for
ll the congreg
tion to perform their
blution
nd
quench their thirt. The 
me Sultn c
ued the w
ll of the moque
to be cle
ned
nd moothed; he encre
ed the number of the l
mp,
nd
built four r
ied tone pl
tform (_m
hfil_) for the re
der of the
Korn,
nd
lofty pulpit on
lender column for the muzzin. Sultn
Murd IV. the conqueror of B
ghdd, r
ied upon four m
rble column

throne (_kur_) of one piece of m
rble, for the pre
cher (_viz_),

nd
ppointed eight hekh
 pre
cher of the moque: the Efend
Kz-z
deh, Ukudrl M
hmd, Ibrhm hekh to Jerrh Ph, Siv,
Kud, Terjimn Shekh Om
r,
nd the gre
t hekh, Emr Ihtb,
who w
 o le
rned
nd kilful in
nwering quetion
nd olving
difficultie repecting the l
w, God be pr
ied! We h
d the h
ppine

nd
dv
nt
ge of enjoying the ex
lted ociety of
ll thee doctor

nd he
ring their intruction. Sultn Ahmed I. built, on the left
of the mihrb,
priv
te rece (_m
kr
h_) for the excluive ue
of the emperor. In hort thi moque, which h
 no equ
l on e
rth,
c
n only be comp
red to the t
bern
cle of the eventh he
ven,
nd it
dome to the cupol
of the ninth. All thoe who ee it, rem
in lot
in
tonihment on contempl
ting it be
utie; it i the pl
ce where
he
venly inpir
tion decend into the mind of the devout,
nd which
give
foret
te even here below of the g
rden of Eden (Aden).
Sultn Murd IV., who took gre
t delight in thi incomp
r
ble moque,
erected
wooden encloure in it within the outhern door,
nd when he
went to pr
yer on Frid
y, c
ued c
ge, cont
ining
gre
t number
of inging-bird,
nd p
rticul
rly nighting
le, to be hung up there,
o th
t their weet note, mingled with the tone of the muzzin
voice, filled the moque with
h
rmony
ppro
ching to th
t of
P
r
die. Every night (in the month of R
m
zn) the two thou
nd l
mp
lighted there,
nd the l
ntern, cont
ining w
x-t
per perfumed with
c
mphor, pour forth tre
m of light upon light;
nd in the centre of
the dome
circle of l
mp repreent in letter,
 finely formed

 thoe of Ykt Mut
im, th
t text of the Scripture, God i
the light of the he
ven
nd the e
rth. There
re
lo, on the four
ide of the moque, ome thou
nd of text in be
utiful ch
r
cter;

nd there, likewie, by comm
nd of Sult
n Murd IV., the celebr
ted
writer Etmekj-zdeh Cheleb wrote the n
me of the Mot High, of the
prophet Moh
mmed
nd hi four comp
nion, in K
r
Hir h
nd, o
l
rge th
t e
ch elif me
ure ten
rhn (10 ell = 23 feet),

nd the ret of the letter
re formed in the 
me proportion. Ay
Sfiy
h i the K
beh of
ll F
kr,
nd there i no l
rger moque in
Ilmbl. It poee
ll the piritu
l
dv
nt
ge to be obt
ined in

ny other, whether it be El Ak
t Kud (Jeru
lem), or the moque of
the Omm
viyyeh (Ommi
de),
t Shm (D
mucu), or th
t of El Ez-her
t
Mir (C
iro). It i
lw
y full of holy men, who p
 the d
y there in
f
ting
nd the night in pr
yer. Seventy lecture (on theology) well
ple
ing to God
re delivered there d
ily, o th
t to the tudent it i

mine of knowledge,
nd it never f
il to be frequented by multitude
every d
y.

_The Serv
nt (Khuddm) of the Moque._

They
re the Imm (reciter of the Form of Pr
yer); the Kh
tb
(reciter of the Khotb
h, bidding-pr
yer on Frid
y); Shekh
(pre
cher); Devrkhn (Scripture re
der); Der-mil (lecturer);
T
l
b
h (tudent); Muzzin (cryer, who c
ll to pr
yer from the
Minreh); Ejz khn (leon re
der); N
t khn (reciter of the
pr
ie of the prophet
nd hi
oci
te); Bevvb (door-keeper);
nd
Kyim (exton): in
ll full two thou
nd erv
nt, for the revenue
of the moque ettled upon it by piou bequet (evkf)
re very l
rge.
_St
tion
nd Pl
ce in thi Moque viited
 peculi
rly fitted for
Devotion._
Firt. Ay Sfiy
h i, in itelf, peculi
rly the houe of God.
Second. The t
tion (M
km) of Molem
h, in
pl
ce c
lled Uch Bjk
(the three corner), where he, who w
 comm
nder of the force in the
Kh
lif
te of Moviyyeh, i 
id to h
ve offered up pr
yer.
Third. The t
tion of Iyyb Anr, who,
fter the pe
ce m
de in the
ye
r of the Hijr
h 52, entered Ay Sfiy
h
nd performed
ervice of
two inflection on the pot c
lled M
kmi Iyyb Sultn, outh of the
Swe
ting Column. There i now
Mihrb there much frequented
t
ll the
five ervice.
Fourth. The t
tion of Om
r Ibn Abdo-l-
ziz, who being comm
nder
t
the pe
ce in the ye
r of the Hijr
h 97, offered up pr
yer on the wet
ide of Ay Sfiy
h,
t the foot of the green Mihrb. Thi pl
ce goe
now by hi n
me.
Fifth. The t
tion of Hrnu-r-r
hd, who,
t hi coming
econd time
to Kot
nt
niyyeh, in the ye
r of the Hijr
h 58, h
ving crucified King
Y
ghfr in the belfry of Ay Sfiy
h, offered up pr
yer within the
moque in the kibl
h of the prophet Solomon, on the outh-e
t ide,
within the g
te of the Defunct (Meyyit-k
p-).
Sixth. The t
tion of Seyyid B
ttl Ghz in the ky-miting belfry of
the church.
Seventh. The t
tion of Bb J
fer Sultn, Amb

dor of
Hrnu-r-r
hd.
Eighth. The t
tion of Shekh M
kd Sultn, the comp
nion of Bb
J
fer. Thee two, with the king (_i.e._ the Greek emperor)
permiion, both offered up pr
yer on the e
tern ide of the moque,
within the epulchr
l g
te (Turbeh-k
p-),
t the pl
ce now be
ring
their n
me.
Eighth. The t
tion of S
lomon, who i 
id to h
ve offered up pr
yer
on the ground where Ay Sfiy
h now t
nd,
t the pl
ce c
lled the
Green Mihrb, to the right of the Minber.
Ninth. The t
tion of Khizr, bene
th the gilt b
ll in the centre of the
cupol
, i
pl
ce where ome thou
nd of holy men h
ve enjoyed the
h
ppine of dicouring with th
t gre
t prophet.
Tenth. The t
tion of the forty, to the outh of the pl
tform of the
Muzzin, i
pl
ce where the ground i p
ved with forty tone of

v
riou colour,
nd where forty holy men tood when the extr
ordin
ry

ccident which h
ppened to Gulb Agh took pl
ce.
_N
rr
tive of Gulb Agh._
Gulb Agh, Rikb dr (tirrup-holder) of Sultn Sulemn,
piou
m
n, who died
t the
ge of 151 ye
r, rel
te th
t in conequence of
the gre
t pl
gue in the reign of Sultn Selm II., which
t Ilmbl
c
rried off three thou
nd oul every d
y, th
t prince ordered the
pr
yer Itik to be procl
imed during three d
y;
nd th
t the moque
being much crowded on the holy night K
dr, in order to he
r the ermon
of the Shekh (_i.e._ Doctor) of the order of Behikth Evliy Efend,
the Sultn ordered the people preent to be numbered. Thi Shekh, who
w
 born
t T
reb-
fzn (Tr
pezonde), w

foter-brother of Sultn
Sulemn. The throng to he
r hi ermon w
 o gre
t th
t
ll the
people of Ilmbl filled the moque three d
y before he pre
ched.
Shekh Y
hy being now in the middle of hi ermon,
nd the whole
multitude litening to hi
dmonition with their utmot
ttention,
Gulb Agh, who w
 in the midt of the crowd, felt himelf much
ditreed by
neceity of withdr
wing. Hi body beg
n to well like
the kettle-drum of B
gd
d; he tood up two or three time on tip-toe
to ee whether there w
 no poibility of m
king hi w
y through the
multitude, but 
w th
t
m
n mut need be engulfed in thi oce
n of
men. He w
 re
dy to die for h
me when he
ddreed himelf to the
forty, on the t
tion of whom he w
 then t
nding,
nd begged of them
to 
ve him from being digr
ced by expoure to the crowd. At th
t
moment he 
w
t
tely m
n t
nding ne
r him, in the dre of
Siph
(oldier), who 
id to him, I will rele
e thee from thy p
in;
nd
thu 
ying, tretched hi leeve over Gulb he
d, who int
ntly
found himelf tr
nported into
me
dow on the b
nk of the tre
m
ne
r Kghid-khn
h. Hi p
in
nd ditre were removed forthwith;
nd
in
moment
fterw
rd he w

g
in in the 
me pl
ce in the moque.
When the ermon w
 finihed
ll the hundred
nd one g
te were hut
except the l
rge one
t the outh ide, where the Defterdr Dervh
Cheleb, on of the Shekh Bb N
kkh, pl
ced himelf with hi

ttend
nt in order to count
ll thoe who were then preent in the
moque
nd it three torie of g
llerie, whoe number
mounted to
fifty-even thou
nd men. Gulb Agh not h
ving the le
t doubt th
t
the Sph, who h
d tr
nported him o ch
rit
bly into the me
dow of
Kghid Khn
h, w
 no other th
n the prophet Khizr himelf, l
id hold
of the kirt of hi robe, 
ying, I
m thy l
ve, O King!
nd will
never
g
in quit thee. The Siph
nwered him very roughly, Be gone,
m
n! We
re not the m
n of whom thou pe
ket. Gulb Agh, however,
l
id hold of him the f
ter;
nd the Siph twice boxed hi e
r,
nd
thu they m
de their w
y through the crowd. Gulb, however, would
not loe ight of him,
nd following him very cloe, 
w him enter

pl
ce of retirement ne
r Ay Sfiy
h. Gulb w
ited for ome time
t
the door, when, lo! it opened,
nd there c
me out
young cook of the
J
ni
rie, eleg
ntly dreed, with hi offici
l knife
nd ilver
ch
in. Gulb int
ntly l
id hold of him; but the J
ni
ry cried
out, Begone, m
n, thou
rt m
d! Gulb, notwitht
nding, would not
looe hi hold; on which the cook of the J
ni
rie g
ve him
good
thump,
nd entered
Bz
h khn
h in the m
rket of Ay Sfiy
h, where
he
te ome k
bb
nd bre
d
nd dr
nk bz
h (
kind of beer), without
t
king the le
t notice of Gulb. The J
ni
ry went out
nd Gulb
followed him into
n
rrow treet, where finding they were
lone, he
threw himelf down
t hi feet,
nd entre
ted him, 
ying, Be gr
ciou
to me, O Prophet,
nd gr
nt me thy love! The J
ni
ry
nwered, O
eeker!
lthough thou
rt
f
ithful lover, thou
rt not yet ripe, but

w
ntet much of perfection,
nd mut till undergo m
ny tri
l; but
,
notwitht
nding my rebuff, thou followedt me with un
b
ted ze
l, I
will now bring thee to
n old m
n, in whoe comp
ny thou h
lt rem
in
forty d
y without opening thy lip or
king concerning
ny men or
thing th
t h
ll p
 under thine eye. He then, in th
t olit
ry
pl
ce, knocked
t
low
nd dirty g
te, which w
 opened by
n old
c
mel-lipped negro, who puhed them both into the houe. Gulb, when
he h
d recovered hi ene, found himelf in
n
embly of men, who

luted him
nd received hi 
lut
tion in return. The J
ni
ry
ch
nged dre,
nd took the chief e
t,
fter h
ving kied the h
nd of
the old m
n, to whom he rel
ted Gulb
dventure. The Shekh 
id,
If he h
 renounced the world
nd
ll the ple
ure of the ene, he
i welcome in thi
embly of Forty. Gulb then rem
ined three d
y

nd three night without e
ting or drinking. Hi houe, f
mily,
nd
rel
tion
t Un-k
pn c
me into hi mind; but he put hi trut in
the Almighty
nd reigned himelf to hi will. On the fourth, the old
m
n 
id, Now look to the buine entruted to you by God. At the

me time the m
n, who h
d firt
umed the h
pe of
Siph
nd then
of
J
ni
ry, tood up
nd brought out from
cloet thirty-eight
kind of we
pon, one of which he l
id before thirty-eight of the men
in comp
ny, pl
cing before himelf
J
ni
ry b
in with w
ter in
it. Gulb being e
ger to drink, hi guide 
id, H
ve p
tience, we
h
ll thi d
y ee whether thi pl
ce be
tt
in
ble by thee. Some
time
fterw
rd there
ppe
red on the oppoite ide,
m
le child;
nd
one of the comp
ny, t
king hi word, immedi
tely cut off it he
d.
Friend, 
id Gulb, why did you kill th
t boy? Did not I 
y, do
not be curiou? replied hi comp
nion, the J
ni
ry. Next
ppe
red
two men purued by
lion, who tore one of them to piece
nd e
t him
up, while the other 
ved himelf by t
king helter behind the Shekh.
Gulb
king for
n expl
n
tion, received the 
me
nwer. Next c
me

n innocent little child purued by
wolf. One of the men, itting
on the pr
yer-c
rpet (ejjdeh), took hi bow
nd
rrow
nd hot the
be
t de
d;
fter which the child v
nihed in
corner. Three men then

ppe
red on the other ide, two of whom were h
nged by the Shekh
permiion;
nd the third w

bout to be h
nged, when Gulb begun to
intercede with the Shekh for hi life. The J
ni
ry eizing Gulb
by the coll
r, m
de him it down in hi pl
ce,
nd 
id, Did I not
tell you to h
ve p
tience for forty d
y? At th
t moment the w
ter
in the b
in before the J
ni
ry beg
n to boil
nd bubble,
nd two
m
ll hip
ppe
red upon it, one of which, by the J
ni
ry
id,
w
 
ved, but the other perihed with
ll it crew
nd p
enger,
except
little boy
nd girl who ec
ped to the edge of the b
in. The
J
ni
ry puhing the innocent boy into the w
ter, he w
 drowned; but
the girl he drew out of the b
in. Gulb crying out, Why didt thou
drown th
t innocent boy,
nd why were
ll thoe Muelmn lot in th
t
hip? The Shekh, from hi e
t
 Preident, 
id, Let u give

bit of bre
d to thi m
n;
nd come let u offer up
pr
yer for him in
the preence of thee Forty. So they
ll tre
ted him with kindne

nd g
ve him
lo
f of bre
d,
n
kch
h,
piece of gold,
bunch of
gr
pe,
d
te,
nd
n olive;
nd pr
yed for him th
t he might continue
in good he
lth till hi h
ppy end, be honoured
mong the
ngel,
preerved from mifortune, he
venly
nd e
rthly,
nd die,
fter
long

nd properou life, under the h
dow of the b
nner of the prophet of
God. The whole comp
ny,
t the termin
tion of the pr
yer, 
id Amen!
The J
ni
ry
nd the negro door-keeper then l
ying hold of Gulb
coll
r, 
id, Cloe thy eye! He cloed hi eye,
nd on opening
them
g
in, uddenly found himelf in one of the t
vern
t Gh
l
t
h,
where
crowd of drunken J
ni
rie h
iled him; 
ying, Come, old
m
n,
nd drink
pot with u! Gulb, who h
d f
ted three d
y,
nd
uppoed thee J
ni
rie to be of the 
me kind
 th
t who h
d been

hi guide, removed hi hunger by p
rt
king of the food prep
red in

the t
vern. At length, when unet w
 ne
r, he took
bo
t to return
to the Un-k
pn. On coming into
n
rrow treet he w


iled by
two drunken J
ni
rie, who tripped him of hi turb
n
nd hi 
ble
robe,
nd 
id they would kill him if he did not drink
nother cup of
wine. Whether he would or not, he w
 compelled to drink it. So he
returned home n
ked,
nd never
fterw
rd left hi houe
g
in, h
ving

b
ndoned the world
nd given himelf up to
piritu
l life, in which
he oon bec
me
gre
t m
n. He dwelt within the Un-k
pn
mong the
goldmith, betowing gre
t liber
litie on
ll comer
nd goer,
to the
tonihment of
ll men. H
ving he
rd the
ccount of thee
extr
ordin
ry event which befel the l
te Gulb Agh (to whom God h

gr
nted mercy
nd p
rdon)
t the t
tion of the Forty, in Ay Sfiy
h,
from hi own mouth, it
ppe
red proper to inert it here. The proof of
it ret with the rel
ter. One of the tr
dition of the Prophet 
y,
A li
r i he who m
ke
tory out of everything he he
r. We now
return to our decription of the t
tion in Ay Sfiy
h.
Eleventh. The t
tion of the Apotle on the e
tern ide of the
g
llery.
Twelfth. The t
tion of Ak Shemu-d-dn, ne
r the Swe
ting Column,
which t
nd on the wetern ide of the South g
te. It i
qu
re
m
rble pill
r eleven cubit high,
nd c
ed to
m
n height with
br
. It we
t d
y
nd night, winter
nd ummer.
Thirteenth. The t
tion of the South-E
t g
te (Kibl
h k
p-). Thi
g
te being m
de of the wood of No
h
rk,
ll merch
nt who tr
vel
by e
,
nd 
ilor,
re
ccutomed to offer up
pr
yer,
ccomp
nied
by two inclin
tion of the body,
nd touch the wood with their h
nd,

ying
Ftih
h (_i.e._ the firt ch
pter of the Korn) for the ret
of No
h oul before they et 
il.
_Virtue of the Golden B
ll._
If
ny m
n h
ve
b
d memory which he wihe to improve, he hould
pl
ce himelf bene
th the Golden B
ll upended in the middle of the
cupol
,
nd 
y the morning pr
yer even time; three time repe
t the
word All
humm
Y khifo-l muhkilt Y limu--ir v
-l kh
fiyyt
(_i.e._ O God who openet
ll difficult thing
nd knowet
ll ecret

nd hidden thing),
nd e
ch time e
t even bl
ck gr
pe,
nd then
wh
tever he he
r will rem
in fixed in hi memory
 if engr
ven
on tone. A mot noted ex
mple of thi w
 H
md Cheleb, on of
Ak-Shemu-d-dn, who lived in the vill
ge of Turb
hl Gnuk. He w

o foolih
nd forgetful, th
t if
ny one g
ve him the Selm he w

obliged to write the word Selm on
piece of p
per
nd re
d it before
he could comprehend th
t he ought to
nwer Ve
lekum e-elm.
No doctor could do him
ny good, o th
t
t l
t he w
 completely

prey to forgetfulne, till he went, by Ak-Shemu-d-dn
dvice,
to Ay Sfiy
h, where,
fter 
ying the requiite pr
yer,
nd e
ting
the gr
pe
 precribed
bove, bene
th the Golden B
ll, he w
 o
completely cured of hi tupidity, th
t he beg
n immedi
tely to compoe
hi poem of Yuuf
nd Zulekh, which he finihed in even month;

fter which he wrote hi Kiyfet-nmeh (Tre
tie on Phyiognomy), which
i known
ll over the world

wonderful poem on the n
ture of the
Son of Ad
m.
Fourteenth. The t
tion of the cool window, on the outh-e
t ide
(Kibleh) of Ay Sfiy
h, on the inner ide of the Imperi
l G
te, i

window opening to the north, where fr
gr
nt breeze
nd ong of the
nighting
le from the g
rden outide refreh the oul. It i there
th
t Ak-Shemu-d-dn, immedi
tely
fter the conquet, delivered hi
Lecture on Joreri Comment
ry on the Korn;
nd h
ving pr
yed th
t

ll tudent who purued their tudie there hould be bleed with
ucce, th
t pot h
 ever ince been
delightful pl
ce. It w
 there

lo th
t our intructor, the Shekh of Shekh, Evliy Efend, th
t
m
ter of the
rt of re
ding the Korn, delivered hi lecture on th
t
cience to ome thou
nd of he
rer.
Fifteenth. The t
tion of the Lord
e
tern ide of the upper g
llery,
like
cr
dle, where the Chriti
n
when ick in order to obt
in their

Jeu cr
dle, in
corner on the

i
hollow trough of reddih m
rble
women ued to pl
ce their children
recovery.

Sixteenth. The t
tion of the W
hing Pl
ce of the Lord Jeu. Ne
r
the cr
dle jut mentioned
bove, there i
nother qu
re trough of
tone, where the Prophet Jeu w
 w
hed immedi
tely
fter he w

delivered from the womb of hi mother Meryem. Kot
ntn the Ancient,
mentioned
bove, i 
id to h
ve brought both the cr
dle
nd the font
from Betu-l-l
hm to the outh of Kudi Sherf, but the humble writer
of thee line 
w the w
hing-trough of Jeu
t Betu-l-l
hm. Th
t
children who
re crooked
nd ickly, when w
hed in the trough in Ay
Sfiy
h immedi
tely become tr
ight
nd he
lthy,
 if revived by the
bre
th of Jeu, i known to
ll the world.
Seventeenth. The t
tion of the G
te of the Seven. On the e
t ide of
the upper g
llery there i
l
rge door, the fold of which
re not of
wood, but of white m
rble
dorned with culpture. It i viited
nd

dmired by
ll tr
veller
nd
rchitect
 not h
ving it fellow on
the f
ce of the e
rth. It i
f
vourite pl
ce of worhip.
_The Spect
cle of the replendent Stone._
On the e
t ide of the upper g
llery there
re five or ix mooth
fl
t l
b of v
riou coloured tone, which reflect the r
y of the
riing un with o bright
light th
t the eye of m
n c
nnot look
tedf
tly on them. In hort, there
re ome thou
nd of holy pl
ce
of pilgrim
ge in Ay Sfiy
h, which i
K
beh for F
kr, but the
writer of thee p
ge h
 only decribed thoe which he knew. The whole
of thi moque i
lo covered with le
d, which h
 rem
ined uninjured
for o m
ny thou
nd ye
r from it being mixed up with ome thou
nd
quint
l (k
ntr) of gold. All
rchitect
re lot in
tonihment
t
the olidity of the found
tion of thi v
t building,
nd no tongue or
pen i c
p
ble of
dequ
tely decribing it. We h
ve een the moque
of
ll the world; but never one like thi. Moh
mmed the Conqueror,

fter h
ving rep
ired thi moque,
lo rep
ired th
t c
lled Little Ay
Sfiy
h, ne
r the K
dirgh
h lmn (g
lley h
rbour), which h
d been
previouly
church built by Eln
h, mother of Kot
ntn.
_The Moque of Zrek Bh._
Thi i
lo
l
rge moque, built by Kot
ntn for the benefit of
the oul of the Lord Y
hy (St. John),
nd c
lled, in the time of the
N
r (Chriti
n) Men
tir S
njov
niyyeh (Mon
tero S
n Giov
nni).
The holy body of th
t S
int i now
t M
lt
, which i, therefore,
c
lled S
njov
nniyyeh (_i.e._ M
lt
di S
n Giov
nni). It w
 c
rried

w
y by the M
ltee infidel from
convent in the vill
ge of Bet

S
btiyyeh (), n
r Kudi hrf. Hi h
d i ill prrvd

in
goldn dih in
c
vrn in h middl of h moqu of h Bn
Omm
yyh in hm (D
m
cu). Th M
l h
ving rmovd h
ody of
. John from B

iyyh, c
rrid i o Akk
h,
nd hr
ncloing i in
ch
dornd wih jwl, convyd i o hir
own counry; h
ving vr inc m
d
ll hir conqu in h n
m
of . John, who n
m
nd figur hy now

r, oghr wih h
cro, upon hir

nnr. A . John w
 n
rly rl
d o Ju,
on hi mohr h Virgin M
ry id, h mohr of Con
nin
uil
hi moqu

convn o h honour of hi piri. I w
 nclod

y
vry rong w
ll, h
d
cirn of i own,
nd cll for hr
hou
nd monk. Afr h conqu, Moh
mmd h Conquror convrd i
ino
moqu,
nd i h
 fory-ix cupol
 gr

nd m
ll,
nd m
ny


uiful column. All i cupol

r gil,
nd
 i 
nd upon

hill, i i much
dmird
nd xrmly conpicuou. In hor, Moh
mmd
h Conquror, in h cour of hi rign, convrd no l h
n
6,670 l
rg mon
ri (dr) ino pl
c of worhip for Muulmn.
H
frw
rd
g
n o
uild
plndid moqu on hi own
ccoun. H

g
n
y
uilding h Irgh h
mmm (workmn

h) in h K
r
mn
chrh- (K
r
m
ni
n m
rk), h
 h workmn migh prform hir


luion vry d
y
for hy
g
n o work
 h moqu. Thi w

finihd in fory d
y,
nd ill

r h 
m n
m.
_Dcripion of h Moqu of Moh
mmd h Conquror._
Th found
ion of i wr l
id in h y
r 867 (A.D. 1463),
nd i
w
 finihd A.H. 875 (A.D. 1470). Th d
 of i commncmn i
xprd
y h Ar

ic word hyyd-
ll
hu rknh. I i iu
d
on high ground, in h mid of Ilm
l, on h i of
convn
which
or h n
m of king Vzndn (Byz
nium). Thi convn h
ving

n nirly droyd

y
n 
rhqu
k i i w
 fixd upon for
hi nw moqu
y h conquror.
_Form of hi Moqu._
Th
cn o i i
y
fligh of on p on h righ
nd lf;

nd i high from h ground o h roof i 87
uildr cu
i, four
cu
i
ing h high from h ground, of h pl
form on which i

nd. I h

l
rg cupol
in h cnr,
nd mi-cupol
 ovr
h Mihr
. Th Mihr
, Mim
r,
nd M
hfil, for h Muzzin
nd h
Empror,
r of whi m
r
l
nd of
ncin workm
nhip. Th cupol

h
 wo row of g
llri
dornd wih l
mp. On h lf id of h
Mihr

nd
n
ncin

nnr in long rip, m
d of Al dou
l
(ju

h). Thr i nohing upndd in hi moqu xcp l
mp;

u
i po gr
 piriu
l
dv
n
g,
nd pr
yr offrd up in i

r ur o

nwrd,
c
u h workmn mployd in
uilding i
wr
ll Muulmn;
nd o hi d
y nihr Jw nor Chrii
n
r

llowd o nr i
ld door. I piriu
liy w
 curd
y
h workmn, who nvr
g
n hir work ill hy h
d prformd hir


luion,
nd i w

uil from h w
lh o

ind in h Conqu.
On iuing from i ouhrn (ki
l
h) g
, hr i n on h righ
h
nd,
qu
r whi m
r
l column, on which h following r
diion
l

ying of h Proph i incri
d in
lu
nd gold
nd in l
rg
Jll ch
r
cr,
y Dmirj Kl:Vrily, Ko
n
niyyh h
ll

conqurd! How xclln
comm
ndr i h
 comm
ndr! How xclln

ho i h
 ho! I i
ppro
chd on h ouhrn id,
lo,
y wo
on 
irc
 on h righ
nd lf;
nd on h four id of i

cour (h
rm) hr
r on

nch (off
h)
nd v
rig
d column,
h culpur on which
onih h
holdr. On
ndl-lik pill
r,
wihin h ouhrn g
 of h cour, hr i
figur rprning

Mvlv Drvh, wih hi c
p
nd f
n (mirv
h
h). In h cnr of hi
cour hr i
l
rg

in, covrd
y
l
dn cupol
, uppord
y
igh column. Round hi

in hr
r vrd
n cypr owring
o h ky lik minrh,
nd 
ch
pp
ring lik
grn
ngl. On
h righ
nd lf of h moqu hr
r lofy minrh, wih

ingl g
llry. Th cloir round h cour
r covrd wih l
dn
cupol
,
nd h floor i p
vd wih v
rig
d m
r
l. On h ouid

ordr of h window of h cour h r
h Fih
h (1 ch
p. of h
Korn) i incri
d in whi m
r
l lr on
grn ground, in h
ch
r
cr invnd
y Yk Mo
im, which i no qu
lld
y
ny
hing of h kind in
ll Ilm
l. Th
rchic, o hw hi kill
in h conrucion of hi

in in h cnr of h cour, pl
cd
ovr i

r
zn c
g lik
n, which i
lo ilf
m
rpic.
Th w
r ruhing ou, d
y
nd nigh, from h pip of hi

in,

fford

und
nly whrwih o qunch h hir of h dvou,
nd
n

l hm o prform hir

luion. Th gr
 cupol
of h moqu
m
lo o h
ng wihou uppor, lik h v
ul of h
vn. Bfor
h Mihr
i h monumn of Moh
mmd h Conquror
nd hi f
mily.
Bid which, on h id of h moqu hr i
gr
 cour which
h
 igh g
,
nd fin g
rdn on
oh id. Ouid of i hr

r h igh cl
r
d collg ( mniyyh), filld wih udn,
on
oh id of which
r hir
p
rmn
nd 

l. Thr i

lo
rfcory (Dru-z-ziyf),
hopi
l (Dru-h-hif),

cr
vnr for gu,
n
ncin

h,
nd
n A B C chool for
childrn. Whn
ll h
uilding, crowdd oghr,
r n from

high

ov, hy
lon
pp
r lik
own full of l
d-covrd dom.
_App
l of h Mimr Bh (H
d Buildr) o h L
w of h Proph

g
in h Conquror._
Moh
mmd
ing, lik Jm,
vry p
ion
 Empror, vrly r
ukd
h
rchic for no h
ving
uil hi moqu of h 
m high

Ay fiy
h,
nd for h
ving cu down h column, which wr 
ch
worh h whol ri
u of Rm (Ai
Minor). Th
rchic xcud
himlf
y 
ying, h
 h h
d cu down wo column hr cu
i 
ch
on purpo o giv hi
uilding mor olidiy
nd rngh
g
in h

rhqu
k, o common in Ilm
l,
nd h
d hu m
d h moqu lowr
h
n Ay fiy
h. Th Empror, no 
ifid wih hi xcu, ordrd

oh h
rchic h
nd o

 cu off, which w
 don
ccordingly.
On h following d
y h
rchic
pp
rd wih hi f
mily
for h
ri
un
l of h Kz, yld Ilm
l-Moll-, o l
y hi compl
in

g
in h Empror
nd
pp
l o h nnc of h l
w. Th Judg
immdi
ly n hi officr (Ki
hy) o ci h Empror o
pp
r in
cour. Th Conquror, on rciving hi ummon, 
id, Th comm
nd
of h Proph l
w mu
 o
yd!
nd immdi
ly puing on hi
m
nl
nd hruing
m
c ino hi
l, wn ino h Cour of L
w.
Afr h
ving givn h lm
lk, h w


ou o 
 himlf in h
high pl
c, whn h Kz 
id, i no down, Princ,
u 
nd
on hy f, oghr wih hin
dvr
ry, who h
 m
d
n
pp
l o
h l
w. Th Mimr Bh (h
d
rchic) hu m
d hi compl
in:
My Lord ( ulnum)! I
m
prfc m
r
uildr
nd
kilful
m
hm
ici
n;
u hi m
n,
c
u I m
d hi moqu low
nd cu
down wo of hi column, h
 cu off my wo h
nd, h
 ruind m,
nd
dprivd m of h m
n of upporing my f
mily. I i hy p
r o
pronounc h nnc of h no
l l
w. Th Judg hn 
id o h
Empror, Wh
 
y hou, Princ? H
v you c
ud hi m
n h
nd o


 cu off innocnly? Th Empror immdi
ly rplid, By h
vn! my
Lord ( ulnum), hi m
n lowrd my moqu;
nd for h
ving cu down
wo column of min, 
ch of which w
 worh h ri
u from Mir
(Egyp),
nd hu ro

d my moqu of
ll rnown,

y m
king i o low,
I did cu off hi h
nd: i i for h o pronounc h nnc of
h no
l l
w. Th Kz immdi
ly
nwrd: Princ (Bgum), Rnown
i
miforun! If
moqu
 upon
pl
in,
nd low
nd opn, worhip
in i i no hr
y prvnd. If hy on h
d
n
prciou on,
i v
lu would h
v
n only h
 of
on;
u of hi m
n, who
h
 now for h fory y
r u
id
y hi kilful workm
nhip, you
h
v illg
lly cu off h h
nd. H c
n hncforw
rd do nohing mor
h
n coh

i wih hi wif. Th m
inn
nc of him
nd hi numrou
f
mily nc
rily,
y l
w, f
ll upon h. Wh
 
y hou, Princ
(Bgum)? uln M
hommd
nwrd: Thou mu pronounc h nnc
of h l
w! Thi i h lg
l nnc, rplid h Kz, h
 if
h
rchic rquir h l
w o
 ricly nforcd, your h
nd

 cu off; for if
m
n do
n illg
l
c which h no

l l
w doh
no
llow, h
 l
w dcr h
 h h
ll
 rquid
ccording o
hi dd. Th uln hn offrd o gr
n him
pnion from h
pu
lic r
ury of h Muulmn. No! rurnd h Mll; i i no
l
wful o 
k hi from h pu
lic r
ury: h offnc w
 your;
my nnc, hrfor, i, h
 from your own priv
 pur you h
ll

llow hi m
imd m
n n
pr (
kch
h)
-d
y. L i
 wny

pr
-d
y, 
id h Conquror;
u l h cuing off of hi
h
nd
 lg
lizd. Th
rchic, in h connmn of hi h
r,
xcl
imd, B i
ccound l
wful in hi world
nd h nx!
nd,
h
ving rcivd
p
n for hi pnion, wihdrw. uln Moh
mmd

lo rcivd
crific
 of hi nir
cqui
l. Th Kz hn

pologizd for h
ving r
d him

n ordin
ry uior; pl
ding h
rigid imp
ri
liy of l
w, which rquir juic o

dminird
o
ll wihou diincion;
nd nr
ing h Empror o 
 himlf
on h 
crd c
rp (jjdh). Efnd, 
id h uln, omwh

irri
d,
nd dr
wing ou hi m
c from undr h kir of hi ro
,
if hou h
d hwn f
vour o m, 
ying o hylf, Thi i h
uln,
nd h
d wrongd h
rchic, I would h
v
rokn h
in pic wih hi m
c! And if hou, Princ (Bgum), 
id h
Kz, h
d rfud o o
y h lg
l nnc pronouncd
y m, hou
would h
v f
lln
vicim o Divin vng
nc; for I hould h
v
dlivrd h up o
 droyd
y h dr
gon
n
h hi c
rp.
On 
ying which h lifd up hi c
rp,
nd
n normou dr
gon pu
forh i h
d, vomiing fir from i mouh: B ill, 
id h
Kz,
nd
g
in l
id h c
rp mooh; on which h uln kid hi
no
l h
nd, wihd him good d
y,
nd rurnd o hi p
l
c.
u
qunly, A
dl inn, whn Mimr Bh,
ddd om m
llihmn
o hi moqu,
nd,

l
r priod, Al Khj, h cl
r
d

ronomr, rcd
chool for h inrucion of Mulmn childrn
in h Korn wihin h prcinc (h
rm) of hi moqu, n
r h
Dyr g
 (Byjlr k
p-) oppoi o h gr
 dom. Th 
m

ronomr
lo pl
cd hr
un-di
l, which h
 no i qu
l in
h whol world. I i ngr
vd on
qu
r m
r
l 

l,
ccording
o h
 x of h Korn:Do hou

ll know how hy Lord h
h
xndd h h
dow?
Afr h vn, in h rign of By
zd Vl, hr w

gr


rhqu
k
 Ilm
l for vn d
y
nd ix nigh. Th c
l
of Gh
l

h w
 d
m
gd in m
ny pl
c;
u i w
 rp
ird
y
h
rchic, Murd, who rcordd h d
 of h rp
ir in
n
incripion ngr
vd in h Jll ch
r
cr on
qu
r m
r
l 

l.
Th rp
r
ion of h ciy wr finihd in ixy d
y. I i wrin,

h
 hi w
 h vr 
rhqu
k inc h im of Ynk i
n
Mdyn. By
zd
frw
rd
uil

ridg of fourn
rch ovr
h rivr
k
riy
h,
 h own of Kvh, in h
njk of Izm
(Nicomdi
);
nohr of ninn
rch, ovr h rivr Kizil Irmk,

h ciy of Omnjik;
nd
hird of ninn
rch, ovr h Gdz
(Hrmu), in h provinc of r khn;
fr which h
g
n o
uild
h moqu h


r hi n
m, n
r h old p
l
c in Ilm
l. I
found
ion wr l
id in h y
r 903 (A.D. 1498),
nd i w
 finihd
in A.H. 911 (1505-6). I i
uil n
rly in h 
m yl
 h
moqu of hi f
hr Moh
mmd h Conquror;
u i wo min
r
r
coniguou, no o i,
u o h wo row of hou
uil on 
ch id
for h
ccommod
ion of r
ngr, which wr u
qunly
ddd o
h moqu.
_Dcripion of h Moqu of uln By
zd II._
I i
qu
r
uilding upporing
l
rg dom, fl
nkd
y mi dom
on h ouh-
rn (Ki
l
h),
nd oppoi id. On h righ
nd
lf of h moqu hr
r wo purpl column of porphyry, of which
h lik
r o
 found only in h moqu of uln K
ln, in
C
ro;
nd hr i upndd from h
dou
l row of l
mp. On h
righ id of h moqu
n lv
d g
llry h

n conrucd for
h u of h uln of h hou of Omn
 h pu
lic rvic
on Frid
y. uln I
rhm u
qunly nclod hr id of h
g
llry wih gil gr
ing, o h
 i rm
l


uiful c
g, or
n-work, or r
hr
p
l
c of h immor
l. Th Mihr
, Min
r,

nd M
hfil, hough m
d of m
r
l,
r impl
nd unorn
mnd;
nd
on h fir
r incripion wrin in

uiful ch
r
cr. Th
moqu h
 fiv g
,
nd h our cour (h
rm) i
dornd wih
on
nch (off
h),
nd on 
ch id
cloir, uppord
y
v
rig
d column;
nd in h cnr hr i
l
rg

in, whr

ll h congrg
ion rnw hir

luion. A cupol
, uppord
y
igh whi m
r
l column, w
 pl
cd ovr h

in
y uln Murd
IV., h Conquror of B
ghdd. On diffrn id of i four lofy
cypr h
v
n pl
nd. Whn h found
ion of hi no
l moqu
wr l
id, h Mimr Bh h
ving
kd h uln whr h hould
pl
c h mihr
, w
 dird
y hi M
jy o r
d upon hi foo;
h
ving don which, h immdi
ly h
d
viion of h no
l K


h,

nd knw, conqunly, whr o pl
c h mihr
. H, hrfor,
pror
d himlf
 h uln f
nd
g
n h work, h uln
h
ving prviouly offrd up
pr
yr,
ccomp
nid
y wo inclin
ion
of h
ody, for i h
ppy complion. On h fir Frid
y
fr
i w
 finihd, whn hr w

n
m
ly of om hou
nd, h
congrg
ion, knowing h
 h uln h
d nvr in hi lif f
ild o
offr up h
frnoon (
r)
nd vning (
h) pr
yr, inid
on hi prforming h funcion of Imm. Th uln,
ing
w
r h

no on prn w
 o wll
cqu
ind wih ho rvic
 himlf,
connd o prform hm. A hi moqu w
 nirly
uil wih
l
wful mony, i h
 gr
 piriu
l
dv
n
g;
nd
ing iu
d
in h cnr of h m
rk of Ilm
l, i crowdd d
y
nd nigh

y hou
nd of dvou Mulmn, who
r offring up hir pr
yr

hr wihou c
ing; o h
 i h
 ofn h
ppnd h

for on
p
ry h
 go hrough h
frnoon (
r) rvic,
 f
r
 h
Ayu-l Kur (h vr of h hron, Kor. ii. 256),
nohr coming
in prvn h fir from finihing. Th pip of h

in in h
cour
r nvr clod,
u pour forh r
m of w
r d
y
nd nigh,

c
u h congrg
ion nvr f
il. Thi moqu i
lw
y illumin
d

y fl
h of ligh;
nd

for h window of h mihr
hr i

g
rdn lik h
 of Irm,
dornd wih v
riou frui
nd flowr,

whr,
n
h
monumn of whi m
r
l, covrd wih l
d, r
h rm
in of i foundr. Round h innr
nd our cour of hi
moqu hr
r hop of
ll kind of r
d, wih
pu
lic kichn,

rfcory,
nd hol for r
vllr;
chool for inrucing h
poor
nd rich in h Korn;
nd
collg for lcur on h
r of
rciing i. Thi cour h
 ix g
;
nd i
dornd, xrn
lly,
wih lofy r, mo of hm mul
rri, undr h h
d of which
om hou
nd of popl g
in
livlihood
y lling v
riou kind
of hing. Ouid of hi cour hr i
l
rg v
lly, c
lld h
Mdn of uln By
zd,
dornd on i four id wih hop;
nd on
on id
y h gr
 collg of h 
m uln, which h
 vny
cupol
. Th uprinndn (Nzir) of hi moqu i h hkhu-l
Ilm (_i.._ h Muf); h
lo giv h pu
lic lcur in hi
collg. H dlivr hi lcur onc
wk,
nd h udn rciv

monhly ipnd,
id
n
llow
nc for m

nd w
x-ligh: hi
i
vry wll-ndowd found
ion. Thi moqu h

loghr 2,040
rv
n;
nd non h


r 
l
ry h
n h Muv
kki, or Rgul
or
of Tim;
c
u
ll h 
mn
nd m
rinr in h mpir of Ilm
dpnd, for h rgul
ion of im, on h Muv
kki of uln By
zd
Khn;
nd
 h mihr
of hi moqu w
 mir
culouly pl
cd in h
ru poiion of Ki
l
h:
ll 
-c
p
in rgul
 hir comp

y
i;
nd
ll h infidl
ronomr in Firngin,
 i univr
lly
known, corrc hir w
ch
nd comp

y h moqu of uln
By
zd. Bid hi moqu, h
 Empror
uil ixy ohr pl
c of
worhip in h counri which h conqurd. Th moqu
nd convn of
Emr Bokhr,
 wll
 h moqu of Gh
l

h-r, wr
uil
y
him. M
y God rw
rd
ll hi piou work! Hi conqu
r
 follow:
Th c
l of Mon
nd Korn, Arkriy
h, K
lmi
h, K
lvr
h,
Holmch, Tiri
lch
h (Tripolizz
), Bll-Bdr
h (P
l P
r, _i.._
P
r
),
nd Anvrn (N
v
rino), in h y
r 906 (1500-1). All h


ov c
l
r in h ouhrn
nd wrn p
r of h Pninul

(Mor
). H
lo conqurd h c
l of Ain
h-

kh (N
up
ku or
Lp
no), A.H. 905 (A.D. 1499, 1500). Th forr of Kil
nd
Ak-kirmn wr 
kn in h 889 (A.D. 1484). Th c
l Vrn
h,
Avlniy
h,
nd in Arnluk (Al

ni
) Durrj (Dur
zzo), wr c
purd,

nd
ri
u impod upon K
r
h Boghdn (Mold
vi
), in h y
r 918
(A.D. 1512). Afr h
ving conqurd h
nd m
ny ohr c
l, h
w
 df
d in
cond ng
gmn wih hi on lm I.,
 Chrl
(  ), whee he was deseted by a
his sevants,
wh f wed Se m t Is mb and pc aimed him Empe. Byad
Khn was immediate y deed t etie t Dmah-tkah (Dymtich f
Didymtichn); bt having eached Hvsah, a sma
twn ne days
jney distant fm Edeneh (Adianp e), died thee. ais epts
wee cic ated especting the case f his death. Sme say that he
died sighing, and cying t, O King Jem! Othes, that having been
pisned by his sn, he exc aimed, May thy ife be sht, bt thy
victies many! His cpse was bied within the pecincts f his
msqe. He eigned thity-thee yeas, and was scceeded by his sn
Se m I., wh began his victis cse by a signa defeat f Shh
Ism , King f n, n the p ains f Che di, beneath the cast e
f Ak hichkah, whee 200,000 Kii -bshes (Pesians) wee pt t the
swd. he Shh himse f escaped with diffic ty, accmpanied by n y
seven hsemen, and his Qeen j Khnm was taken pisne, tgethe
with thee hnded fema e captives, wh wee entsted t the cae f
the Defted ji-deh Jafe Che eb, and cndcted by him t the
thesh d f Fe icity (the Sb ime Pte). In this victis campaign
the f wing cast es wee cnqeed:Kas, Ak-hichkah, Edehn,
Hasan, E Rm, Babd, Inijah, Kmkh, Kaah-Hamd, Diy-Bek, and
fty the cast es with thei dependencies. S tn A -d-da ah,
f the Z -kadiyyeh fami y, Ld f Meash, was a s defeated and

ki ed, and his head, tgethe with thse f seventy the geat
chiefs (B Beg), was sent t Gha, S tn f Egypt, against whm
a campaign was immediate y cmmenced: in the cse f which S tn
Se m cnqeed Ha eb-sh-shhb (the bight), with its twenty, Shm
(Damascs), with its fty-tw cast es; ab -Shm (ip i), with
its seventy cast es, ccpied by the D (Des); Bet- -mkaddas
(Jesa em), Ghaah, and Ram ah, with seventeen cast es. In that
paadisiaca cnty, Shm (Syia), he tk p his winte-qates;
and in the ensing yea he fght, n the p ain f Kkn, the geat
batt e in which S tn Gha was ted and s ain. he weck f the
amy f the Chekis (Cicassians) f ed t Mis (Ca), with Se m
Khn at thei hee s; and afte ne cntined batt e f a wh e mnth,
the pvince f Mis (Egypt), with its thee hnded cities and seven
thsand vi ages, was given p t the cnqe in the yea 922
(A.D. 1516). Heh Beg was appinted Gven f Mis (Ca); and
Kem Psh-deh Ahmed Efend, Mi itay Jdge. Pssessin was taken
f Mekkah and Mednah, and Se m assmed the tit e f Sevant f the
tw nb e Msqes, and exa ted his victies t the skies. On his
etning t Is mb , he aid the fndatin f the msqe which
beas his name, bt did nt ive t finish it. He was bied in the
kbbeh, ppsite the Mihb. He was bn in aabefn (f abn,
_i.e._ ebinde), f which he was Gven whi e a Pince. He eigned
nine yeas, ding which the Khtbah was said in his name in ne
thsand and ne msqes. He was scceeded by his sn, the detemined
sppte f the faith, and the beake f the heads f the pep e
wh cntemp ated ebe in, the tenth f the S tns f the hse f
Osmn, S tn S emn Khn e Gh, wh finished the msqe begn by
his fathe.
_Desciptin f the Msqe f S tn Se m I._
He began it as a mnment t the i stis memy f his fathe, in
the yea 927 (A.D. 1521), and finished it in the yea 933 (A.D. 1527).
It is a fty msqe, in the intei f Is mb , n the smmit f
ne f the hi s which ve k the cana ; bt it has n fine c mns
within it ike the the msqes. It is n y an e evated dme sppted
by f wa s, bt sch as t aise the admiatin f a wh ae
mastes in mathematics, and t be pinted at as a pf f the geat
ski f the  d achitect Sinn. On examining it, a mathematicians
ae astnished; f its dme is fnd, n admeasement, t be ne
span wide than that f Ay Sfiyah. It appeas, in tth, t be an
ae va t, ike the va t f the sky; bt is nt s high as that
f Ay Sfiyah, since it meases n y fifty-eight bi des cbits
in height. he case f its nt having been made me fty, is the
e evatin f the hi pn which it stands. On the ight side f its
pecincts (haem) thee is a deep cisten, made in the time f the
infide s; and n the nth side is the ascent ca ed the Fty Stais,
thgh thee ae fifty-f steps. he dec ivity n each side is vey
steep and pecipits; the achitect Sinn, theefe, with a pdent
fesight, in de t avid a isk fm eathqakes, gave a vey
mdeate height t the msqe. he p atfm (mahfi ) f the Mins
is p aced pn mab e c mns, adjining t the wa n the ight hand;
the Minbe and Mihb ae f white mab e, in a p ain sty e. On the
eft side f the msqe thee is a ga ey sppted by c mns f the
se f the Empe: this was enc sed ike a cage, with a gi t gating,
by S tn Ibhim. Rnd the cp a thee is a ga ey whee amps
ae ighted n the b essed nights. he msqe is namented with sme
thsand tphies sspended and it, bt has n the distinctin n
the inside. Oppsite t the windws n the side f the Mihb, is the

sep che f Se m Khn, in a de ightf gaden, whee the sweet ntes

f nightinga es ae head. It is a hexagna bi ding, smnted by
a cp a. his msqe has thee gates, f which that king twads
the Kib ah is a ways pen. On the ight and eft f the msqe thee
ae hste s f tave es; and thee ae a s, n the ight and eft
side, tw minehs, with ne ga ey each; bt they ae nt s high as
the minehs. he ct f the msqe (haem) is paved with white
mab e, has thee gates, and stne benches (sffahs) a nd. hee
is a basin in the cente f the ct, which cnstant y spp ies the
Mse mn cngegatin with fesh and nning wate f thei ab tins.
S tn Md I . p aced a pinted dme ve it, sppted by eight
c mns, and thee ae f cypesses n the diffeent sides f it.
Otside f this ct is a age enc se (haem), p anted with tees
f vais kinds, and enteed by thee gates. On the sth (Kib ah) is
the gate f the mas em (beh); n the west, that f the maket; n
the nth, that f the Fty Stais. Be w the maket, king twads
the Chk Bstn thee is a age sch f bys, a pb ic efecty
(Mehmn-se), and dgings f men f eaning and stdents. he bath
(hammm) is thee hnded paces beynd this enc se; bt thee ae n
the c eges n hspita s.
_Desciptin f the Fifth Impeia Msqe; that f S tn S emn._
It was begn in the yea 950 (A.D. 1543), and finished in the yea,
and is beynd a desciptin beatif . he eaned, wh cmpsed the
metica insciptins, cntaining the date f its eectin, cnfess
that they ae nt ab e d y t expess its paise; a task which I, the
cntemptib e Ev iy, am nw stiving t pefm as fa as my abi ity
wi a w. his incmpaab e msqe was bi t by S tn S emn
n ne-ha f f the nccpied ha f f the smmit f the fty hi
n which had been eected, by Mhammed II, the  d Se. S emn
having assemb ed a the thsands f pefect mastes in achitecte,
bi ding, stne-hewing, and mab e-ctting, wh wee fnd in the
dminins f the hse f Osmn, thee wh e yeas wee emp yed
in aying the fndatins. he wkmen penetated s fa int the
eath, that the snd f thei pickaxes was head by the b
that
beas p the w d at the bttm f the eath. In thee me yeas the
fndatins eached the face f the eath; bt in the ensing yea the
bi ding was sspended, and the wkmen wee emp yed in sawing and
ctting vais-c ed stnes f the bi ding abve the fndatins.
In the f wing yea the Mihb was fixed in the same manne as that
f S tn Byads msqe; and the wa s, which eached the va t
f heaven, wee cmp eted, and n thse f s id fndatins they
p aced its fty dme. his vast stcte f ae stne is me
cic a than the cp a f Ay Sfiyah, and is seven ya cbits
high. Besides the sqae pies which sppt it, thee ae, n the
ight and eft sides, f pphyy c mns, each f which is wth ten
times the amnt f the tibte (Khaj) fm Mis. hese c mns wee
bght fm the capita f Mis, a ng the Ni e, t Iskandeiyyeh,
and thee embaked n afts, by Kainjeh Kapdn, wh in de time
anded them at n-kapn; and having emved them fm thence t the
sqae ca ed ef-mdn, in the neighbhd f the S emniyyeh,
de iveed them p t S emn Khn; expessing his wish that they
might be eceived as a tibte fm Kainjah (_i.e._ the Ant), jst
as a gift was gacis y eceived fm the Qeen f Ants by S mn.
he Empe, t shew his gatitde, immediate y sett ed pn him the
Sanjaks f Yi n -jeeh-s, and the is and f Rds. Gd knws, that
f sch c mns f ed pphyy, each fifty cbits high, ae t be
fnd n whee e se in the w d. On the side next t the Mihb, and

n that ppsite t it, the dme is jined by tw semi-dmes, which d

nt, hweve, est n thse c mns, as the achitect was afaid f
ve ading them. Sinn pened windws n evey side t give ight t
the msqe. hse ve the Mihb and Minbe ae fi ed with c ed
g ass, the bi iance f whse c s within, and the sp end f the
ight ef ected fm them at nn, da e the eyes f the beh des,
and fi them with astnishment. Each windw is adned with sme
hndeds f thsands f sma pieces f g ass, which epesent eithe
f wes,  the ettes fming the exce ent names (_i.e._ the Divine
attibtes); they ae, theefe, ce ebated by tave es a ve
the w d. hgh the Mihb, Minbe, and Mahfi f the Mins ae
n y fmed f p ain white mab e, yet the ast is f sch exqisite
wkmanship, that it seems t be the Mahfi f Paadise; the Minbe is
a s made f p ain mab e, bt is smnted by a cnica tiaa- ike
canpy, the ike f which is n whee t be fnd; and the Mihb is
ike that f his Majesty S mn himse f. Abve it thee is engaved
in ettes f g d, n an ae gnd, fm the hand-witing f
Kaah-his, this text f the Kn (iii. 32), Wheneve Zakaiyy
(Zachaias) went int the chambe (mihb) t he. On the ight and
eft f the Mihb thee ae spia y-twisted c mns, which appea
ike the wk f magic. hee ae a s cand esticks f a mans state,
made f pe bass, and gi t with pe g d, which h d cand es f
camphated bees-wax, each 20 kants (qinta s) in weight. he ascent
t each f them is by a wden staicase f fifteen steps, and they
ae ighted evey night. In the eft cne f the msqe is a ga ey
(mahfi ) aised n c mns, f the pivate se f the S tn; and
it a s cntains a specia Mihb. Besides this ga ey, thee ae
f thes, ne n each f the age pies, f the eades f the
essns fm the Kn. On bth sides f the msqe thee ae benches
(sffahs), sppted by w c mns, and tside f it, paa e with
these benches within, ga eies, sppted n c mns, ne f which
ks pn the sea, and the the n the maket. When the msqe is
vey mch cwded, many pesns pefm thei devtins n these
benches. hee ae a s, nd the cp a, within the msqe, tw ws
f ga eies sppted by c mns, which, n the b essed nights, ae
ighted with amps. he tta nmbe f the amps is 22,000; and thee
ae ikewise sme thsands f the naments sspended fm the f.
hee ae windws n a the f sides f the msqe, thgh each f
which efeshing beees ente and evive the cngegatin; s that
they seem t be enjying etena ife in Paadise. his msqe is a s,
by the wi f Gd, cnstant y pefmed by an exce ent d, which
gives fagance t the bain f man, bt has n esemb ance t the
d f eath y f wes. Within the msqe, beside the sthen gate
(kib eh), thee ae tw pies, fm each f which spings a fntain f
pe wate, in de t qench the thist f the cngegatin; and in
the ppe pat f the bi ding thee ae cetain ce s f the ppse
f keeping teases, in which the geat pep e f the cnty and sme
thsands f tave es keep thei mney, t an amnt which the Geat
Ceat a ne knws!
_In Paise f the Witing f Kaah His._

hee neve has been t this day, n eve wi be, any witing which
can cmpae with that f Ahmed Kaah His, tside and inside f
this msqe. In the cente f the dme thee is this text f the Kn
(xxiv. 35): Gd is the ight f heaven and eath; the simi itde f
his ight is as a niche in a wa wheein a amp is p aced, and the
amp enc sed in a case f g ass: a text jst y ca ed the ext f
Light, which has been hee endeed me mins by the bi iant

hand which inscibed it. he insciptin ve the semi-dme, abve
the Mihb, has been a eady given. On the ppsite side, abve the
sthen gate, thee is this text (vi. 79): I diect my face nt him
wh hath ceated the heavens and the eath: I am thdx. On the
f pies ae witten, A ah, Mhammed, Ab Bek, Oma, Osmn,
A , Hasan, and Hsen. Ove the windw t the ight f the Minbe:
ei y, p aces f wship be ng t Gd; theefe, invke nt any
ne tgethe with Gd. Besides this, ve the ppe windws, a the
exce ent names (f Gd) ae witten. hese ae in the Shikf hand;
bt the age witing in the cp a is in the Gf hand, f which
the Lms, E ifs, and Kfs, each mease ten e s; s that they can be
ead distinct y by thse wh ae be w. his msqe has five ds. On
the ight, the Imms (Imm kap-s); n the eft the es ( e
kap-s), beneath the impeia ga ey, and tw side ds. Ove that
n the eft is witten (K. xiii. 24), Peace be pn y, becase ye
have ended with patience! Hw exce ent a ewad is Paadise! Ove
the ppsite gate this text: Peace be pn y! Ye ae ightes;
ente in and dwe in it f eve! Beneath this insciptin, n the
eft hand, is added, his was witten by the Fak Kaah His.
_Desciptin f the Ct (Haem)._

he ct f this msqe has thee gates, t which thee is an ascent

and descent by thee f ights f steps. It is paved with white mab e,
and is as smth and eve as a capet. hgh vey spacis, the
bdy f the msqe is sti
age. Rnd its f sides thee ae
benches (sffahs) f stne, fty feet bad, pn which c mns f
c ed stnes est, sppting aches f diffeent hes, as vais
as thse f the ainbw. he windws f this ct ae gaded by
in gatings, the bas f which ae as thick as a mans am, and s
fine y p ished, that even nw nt an atm f st is seen pn them,
and they shine ike stee f Nakhjvn. In the cente f this ct
thee is a beatif fntain wthy f admiatin, bt it is nt
ca c ated f ab tins, being n y designed f the efeshment f
the cngegatin. Its f is a w, bad, eaden cp a; bt the
wndef thing is this, that the wate fm the basin spings p as
thgh sht fm a bw, t the cente f the cp a, and then tick es
dwn its sides ike anthe Se seb . It is, indeed, a wndef
spectac e. Ove the windws n each side f this ct thee ae texts
fm the Kn inscibed in white ettes n b e ti es. he d
ppsite t the kib eh (_i.e._ the nth d) is the agest f a ;
it is f white mab e, and has nt its eqa n eath f the beaty
and ski with which it is caved and namented. It is a bi t f
pe white mab e, and the diffeent b cks have been s ski f y
jined tgethe by the bi des that it is impssib e t peceive any
cevice between them. Ove the si f the d thee ae sc pted
f wes and festns f fi agee wk, inte aced with each the with
a ski iva ing the at f Jemshd. On each side f this gate thee
ae bi dings f-sties high, cntaining chambes f the mvakkits
(h-cyes), ptes, and sextns. At the entance f this gate thee
is a age cic a b ck f ed pphyy, which is npaa e ed f
its sie and the fineness f its p ish. It is as age as a Mhammedan
simt (_i.e._ dinne-tay). Within the gate, n the ight side f
the ct, thee is a sqae s ab f pphyy, n which a css was
sc pted, the taces f which ae sti visib e, thgh it was eased
by the masns. he infide s ffeed a mi in f mney f it in vain:
at ength a ya ba was fied fm a ga en f the infide s, ying
befe Gha atah, ppse y at this s ab, which was stck; bt being n
the gnd, it eceived n damage. S that the infide s, with a thei

anc, and ski in gnney, c d nt beak this stne, which had
becme a thesh d f the S emniyyeh; bt the mak f the ba sti
emains, and aises the astnishment f a beh des.
On the pedesta s f the c mns nd the f sides f this ct
(haem) thee ae bass p ates, n which the dates f memab e events,
sch as geat fies, eathqakes, ev ts and tm ts, ae engaven.
his msqe has f minaets, the ga eies f which ae ten in
nmbe, as a ecd that S tn S emn Khn was the tenth S tn f
the Hse f Osmn. he tw minaets adjining t the bdy f the
msqe have each thee ga eies, t which thee is an ascent by a
staicase f tw hnded steps; the tw minaets at the inne ang es f
the ct ae we, and have bt tw ga eies each. Of the tw fty
minaets which have thee ga eies, that n the eft is ca ed the
Jewe Minaet, f the f wing easn:S tn S emn, when bi ding
this msqe, in de t a w the fndatins t sett e, desisted, as
has been a eady bseved, f a wh e yea, ding which the wkmen
wee emp yed n the pis wks. Shh ahms Khn, King f Ajem
(Pesia), having head f this, immediate y sent a geat Ambassad t
S emn, with a m e aden with va ab e jewe s, thgh fiendship,
as he said, f the S tn, wh, fm want f mney, had nt been
ab e t cmp ete this pis wk. he Ambassad pesented the Shhs
ette t the S tn whi e snded with the innmeab e bi des
and wkmen emp yed abt the msqe; and the atte, incensed n
heaing the cntents f the ette, immediate y, in the Ambassads
pesence, distibted the jewe s which he had bght t a the Jews
in Is mb , saying, Each Rfi, at the awf day f dm changed
t an ass, sme Jew t he sha bea!  them, theefe, I give
this tease, that they may have pity n y n that day, and be
spaing in the se f thei sps and whips. hen giving anthe
m e aden with jewe s t Sinn, the achitect, he said, sti in the
Ambassads pesence, hese jewe s, which wee sent as being s
va ab e, have n wth in cmpaisn with the stnes f my msqe;
yet, take them and ming e them with the est. Sinn, in bedience t
the S tns cmmand, sed them in bi ding the six-sided basis f this
mnaet, which deives its name fm thence. Sme f the stnes sti
spak e when the sns ays fa pn them; bt thes have st thei
bi iance fm expse t excessive heat, snw, and ain. In the
cente f the ach, ve the Kib a gate, thee is a Nshb tqise
(peh), as age in cicmfeence as a cp. hee ae n the tw
sides f this msqe fty diffeent p aces whee ab tins can be
enewed.
_A Desciptin f the Impeia Mas em._
At the distance f a bw-sht fm the Mihb, in the midst f a
de ightf gaden, is the sep che f S emn, itse f an npaa e ed
edifice, being cwned by a db e cp a, s that ne is p aced ve
the the, the sma e be w and the age abve. hee is nt, in the
wh e civi ied w d, a bi ding s ich y namented with wndef
sc ptes and cavings in mab e as this!
_Desciptin f the Ote Ct._

he te ct f this msqe is a age sandy eve p anted with

cypesses, p anes, wi ws, imes, and ashes; and snding thee
sides f the bi ding. It has ten gates: tw n the Kib a side; _vi._
that f Me, and that f the  d Sei; n the sth side, the Mekteb

(sch gate), chsh (maket), medesh (c ege), and Hakm-Bshi

(Head Physicians) gates. On the west, the Imaeh (a ms-hse),
v-khneh (hspita ), and Aghs gate (Agh kap-s). On the nth
side a stne staicase f twenty steps t the gate f the dme f ne
thsand and ne nai s, s ca ed becase that nmbe f nai s was
sed in cnstcting it. hee is a s the Hammm kap-s (bath-gate)
king eastwads, whence thee is a descent f twenty steps t the
bath. On this side the ct (haem) is nt enc sed by a wa , bt
mee y by a w paapet, that the view f the city f Is mb may nt
be intepted. hee the cngegatin emains and enjys a f
view
f the impeia pa ace, Uskd (Sctai), the cast e f the Cana
(Bgh Hs) Beshik-tsh, p-khaneh, Gha atah, Ksim Psh, the
Okmeidn, and the hab (kha j) and stait (Bgh) tavesed by a
thsand bats and bages and the kinds f vesse sa spectac e nt
t be eqa ed in any the p ace in the w d! he cicmfeence
f this te ct (haem) is ne thsand paces. hee is a s a
sma e ct ca ed the Peh ivn Demi medn (_i.e._ west es
in gnd) between this msqe and the wa s f the  d seai. It
is a va ey whee west es fm a the cnvents execise themse ves
when aftenn-paye is ve (bade- as).  the ight and eft f
this msqe thee ae f geat c eges f the edcatin f awyes
in the f (thdx) sects, which ae nw fi ed with men f the
mst pfnd eaning. hee is ikewise a D  -hads,  sch
f instctin in the taditina aw; a D- -ka,  sch f
instctin in the ecitatin  chanting f the Kn; a c ege f
the stdy f medicine; a sch f chi den; a hspita , a efecty,
an a ms-hse, a hspita f stanges (v-khneh), a kabnsei f
cmes and ges, a maket f g dsmiths and bttn and bt makes,
a bath, with apatments f the stdents, and thsands f chambes
f thei sevants; s that within the pecincts f the msqe thee
ae a tgethe nt ess than 1001 cp as. Seen fm Gha atah the
S emniyyeh seems ike ne vast p ain cveed with ead. he wh e
nmbe f sevants attached t the msqe is thee thsand. hey
ae maintained by sece and ibea endwments, a the is ands in
the White Sea, as Istanki (Stanc), Ski (Chis), Rds (Rhdes),
&c. having been sett ed n it by S tan S emn. Its evenes ae
c ected by five hnded men nde the diectin f the mteve
(cmmissine). hee is n bi ding in the wh e empie f Is m
stnge  me s id than this S emniyyeh; n has any cp a
eve been seen which can be cmpaed t this. Whethe the s idity
f its fndatin,  the wndef beaty and pefectin f its
diffeent pats, be cnsideed, it mst be a wed t be, bth within
and witht, the finest and mst dab e edifice which the w d eve
behe d. When it was finished, the achitect Sinn said t the s tan:
I have bi t f thee, O empe, a msqe which wi emain n the
face f the eath ti the day f jdgment: and when Ha j Mans
cmes, and ends Mnt Demavnd fm its fndatin, he wi p ay at
tennis with it and the cp a f this msqe. Sch wee the tems in
which he ext ed its stength and dabi ity; and indeed, standing
n a fty hi snded and stengthened be w by vais wa s
and b waks, its fndatins ae pec ia y s id. Fist, thee is
the ppe wa f the aht- ka ah; then, that f Siyvsh Pashs
pa ace; next, that f the Yenche Aghs; aftewads, that f the
cisten in the itt e maket: then thse f the Aghs sch , the
wam bath, the ead magaine, and hspita . he fndatins f a
these bi dings may be cnsideed as the twks f the fndatin
f this msqe. he hmb e wite f these ines nce himse f saw ten
Fanc infide s ski f in gemety and achitecte, wh, when the
d-keepe had changed thei shes f s ippes, and had intdced
them int the msqe f the ppse f shewing it t them, aid thei

finge n thei mths, and each bit his finge fm astnishment
when they saw the minaets; bt when they behe d the dme they tssed
p thei hats and cied Mayah! Mayah! and n bseving the f
aches which sppt the dme n which the date A.H. 944 (A.D. 1537)
is inscibed, they c d nt find tems t expess thei admiatin,
and the ten, each aying his finge n his mth, emained a f
h
king with astnishment n thse aches. Aftewads, n sveying the
extei, the ct, its f minaets, six gates, its c mns, aches
and cp as, they again tk ff thei hats and went nd the msqe
baeheaded, and each f the ten bit his finges fm astnishment, that
being thei manne f testifying the geatest amaement. I asked thei
intepete hw they iked it, and ne f them wh was ab e t give an
answe, said, that nwhee was s mch beaty, extena and intena ,
t be fnd nited, and that in the wh e f Fingistn thee was nt
a sing e edifice which c d be cmpaed t this. I then asked what
they thght f this msqe cmpaed with Ay Sfiyah; they answeed,
that Ay Sfiyah was a fine  d bi ding, age than this, and vey
stng and s id f the age in which it was eected, bt that it
c d nt in any manne vie with the e egance, beaty, and pefectin
f this msqe, pn which, meve, a mch age sm f mney had
been expended than n Ay Sfiyah. Indeed, it is said, that evey ten
Misk s f stne sed in this msqe cst a piece f g d (a dcat).
he entie sm expended in this bi ding amnted t 890,883 yks
(74,242,500 piastes).
Anthe f S tan S emns mnments at Is mb is the Fty
Fntains. Desis f binging int the city sme sweet wate which
had been discveed at a cnsideab e distance, he cns ted the
fams achitect Sinn, wh ep ied, that an ndetaking s diffic t
w d eqie enms sms f mney. S emn pmised t pvide the
necessay fnds; the wk was cmmenced, and in the cse f seven
yeas 3,700 aches wee cnstcted, ths fming an aqedct, and
jining that f Ynk Mdiyn nea the hse-maket. By this means the
de icis wate was cic ated thght the city, and the s s f
the thisty wee made g ad. In sme pats the aches ise tw  thee
sties high.
S emn a s cmmenced the bidge f Chekmejeh, which was cmp eted
by Se im II. He a s bi t the msqes f Shehdeh, Jehng, and
Khsseki; the new asena ; and the c ege f Se im I., fnded
at the Kshk f the Kha ji e, and dedicated t the memy f his
fathe; a msqe at Uskd, ca ed afte his i stis daghte
Mehebn, and tw Khns. In Rme i the mnments f his bnty ae
a mst innmeab e: amngst them may be enmeated the ftesses
f Segdin, Sigeth, and Oi (Ocakw), n the fnties. At Edeneh
(Adianp e) he cnstcted an aqedct, a bidge, and a msqe and
efecty nea the bidge f Mstafa Pasha. In Ant he bi t at
Knea, nea the tmb f Je -d-dn-Rmi (may Gd sanctify his secet
state), a sp endid msqe with tw minets, a c ege, a msic-m
f the Devshes, a dining-m f the p (_imaet_), a efecty,
and nmes ce s f the p Devshes. At Damascs, an extensive
msqe and a c ege. At Kaf and Inik (Nice) he cnveted tw chches
int msqes; a p an which he pt int exectin in a
the twns
and pa ankas which wee cnqeed ding his ng and victis
eign. he cp a f the msqe f S mns temp e was a s bi t
by this Empe, and he adned the cp a f the sacificia stne
(_sakha-i-sheif_) with cei ings f caved wd and stne, s that it
eqa s the ga ey f Chinese paintings, and esemb es paadise. Afte
the cnqest f Baghdd, he eected ve the tmb f the geat Imm,
Namn-ben-hbet, a cast e, and a msqe with a efecty; and ve

the tmb f the Sheikh, Abd -kde Ji ani, a fty cp a, a msqe,

a efecty and the bi dings f pis ppses. F the benefit f
the h y cities (Mecca and Medina) he institted the Sa, a pesent
f 62,000 dcats, which is anna y tansmitted t thse p aces by the
S-Emini; and the anna distibtin f weaing appae . He a s
epaied the aqedct bi t by Hn--ashd, adding f fntains
t it, and cndcting a steam t Mnt Aefat. He meve bi t at
Mecca f c eges in the same sty e as thse f Rme i, and endwed
them in the same manne. He a s ebi t the cp a f Khadijeh, the
Mthe f the Faithf , with nmes the pis fndatins which we
sha have ccasin t mentin heeafte in the cse f  tave s:
 pesent bject being n y t descibe thse f Is mb . A these
pis wks wee effected by means f the pies taken at Ma ta, Rds,
Bdin, Kii - ma (Rme), Be gade n the Danbe, Baghdd, and the
p aces; the wh e amnt f which is cmpted t have been 896,383
f  (f ins), which, accding t the pesent va e f mney, w d
be 53,782,009 aspes,  74,666,666 paas,  1,866,666 piastes.
Ding the eign f S eimn Khn f aspes weighed ne dihem f
pe si ve, and ne hnded dcats weighed 118 dihems.
_Desciptin f the Msqe f Pince Mhammed._
Accding t the pinin f a achitects and mathematicians, this
msqe is sitated in the cente f the tiang e f Is mb . It anks
as the sixth impeia msqe, and was bi t by S eimn Khn f his
favite sn Mhammed, wh died at Magnesia, and was bied hee. Its
cp a is an e egant piece f wkmanship, and thgh nt s age as
that f the S emniyyeh, it eas its head majestica y int the
skies: it is sppted by ectang a pi as and f semi-dmes. he
mihb and minbe ae bth f exqisite wkmanship. he mahfi is
sppted by eight c mns, and n its eft is the S tns mahfi ,
a s sppted by c mns. his msqe has n age c mns, bt is
adned with a db e w f amps amnting t eight thsand. It is
ighted by windws n evey side, and has thee gates, ve ne f
which, that ppsite t the mihb, is p aced the chngam: he
p ace f paye f the Pphets pep e, 955 (A.D. 1548), in which
yea the fndatin was aid. his a s is f Sinns achitecte.
It was cmmenced n the 1st f Rabi- -av , 955 (10th Api 1548),
and was finished in the mnth f Rajab, 965 (Api 1558). It cst
15,000,000 aspes. Facing the mihb, in a mst de ightf gaden
beneath a fty cp a, is the tmb f Pince Mhammed, and beneath
anthe, that f his bthe Jehng, wh died at Ha ep (A epp), and
was bied in this p ace. he ct is adned with nmes c mns,
and in the cente thee is a fntain, beneath a cp a sppted by
eight c mns, which was bi t by Md I . he tw minaets, with
thei db e ga eies, have nt thei eqa in Is mb , Edeneh,
 Bsa, f naments and sc ptes. he ead-cveed f is a
piece f at ikewise we wthy f admiatin. On thee sides it
is snded by a age p ain p anted with tees, ndeneath ne f
which, n the eft-hand side f the msqe, is bied the Sheikh, A i
ab , wh was dmme in Iyybs expeditin against Is mb . Rnd this
age ct stand the c ege, efecty, and hspita f stanges
(av-khaneh); it has neithe a bath n a cmmn hspita .

he msqe at Fndk i, dedicated t the memy f the pince Jehng,

was a s bi t by S eimn. Bt this sha be descibed in its ppe
p ace.

_Desciptin f the Msqe f the a ideh._

his msqe, which is cmmn y ca ed Khasseki-evet (the favite f

the wmen), and is sitated nea the Evet-baa, is nt s age as
the msqes, and has n y ne mineh. It has a cmmn kitchen, a
efecty, a hspita , a c ege, and a sch f chi den.
_Desciptin f the Msqe f Meh-mh S tneh._
It is a fty msqe within the Adianp e-gate, and was bi t by
S tn S eimn Khn f his daghte Meh-mh. Its mihb, minbe,
and mahfi , ae emakab y neat; bt thee is n ya mahfi . It is
snded by the apatments f the c ege, a bath and a maket. hee
is neithe efecty n hspita .
In sht, S tn S eimn Khn, ding a eign f fty-eight yeas,
estab ished de and jstice in his dminins; mached victis y
thgh the seven qates f the g be, embe ished a the cnties
which wee vanqished by his ams, and was sccessf in a his
ndetakings; becase, mindf f the saced text, ake advice in y
affais, he a ways cns ted with his U em.

he eis ding his eign wee:

P Mhammed Pasha, wh was cnfimed in his ffice n the accessin f
the S tn.
Ibahim Pasha, wh was edcated in the impeia haem, bi t the seven
twes at Cai, and hanged Ahmed Pasha, the ebe is gven f
that city.
Ays Pasha, a native f A bania, bt bght p in the haem.
Ltf Pasha, a s bght p in the haem. He had the S tns siste
given him in maiage, bt was dismissed fm ffice f speaking
against a wman wh was e ated t his wife.
S eimn Pasha, a white ench, wh tk Dv-abd, Ahmed-abd, and
sevea the ftesses fm the Ptgese, and gave them t the
Ra f India. He a s cnqeed Aden, in Yemen (Aabia), and Habesh
(Abyssinia), assisted by O-demi-beg.
Rstam Pasha, a Khiad (Catian) by bith, and an Aistt e in wisdm.
Ahmed Pasha, a jdicis, bave, and accmp ished ministe. He began
by being Chambe ain in the Seai, and was gada y pmted t the
ffice f Agh f the Janissaies, Gven f Rme i, and Gand
ei. He nce cndcted a night attack against Shh ahmas f Pesia,
and cnqeed emesva.
Ka en A i Pasha, a native f the vi age f Pacha, in Hesek
(Heegvina). He was fist Chambe ain, then Agh f the Janissaies,
Gven f Egypt, and Gand ei. He was a vey cp ent man.
S-k i Khjeh, A i Pasha, a native f the vi age Sk , nw ca ed
Shahn, in Bsnia, having he d vais infei ffices, was aised t
that f ei, which he he d f fty yeas nde thee mnachs.

he eis f the _kbbeh_ (cp a) wh did nt attain the ank f

Gand ei wee:Mstafa Pasha, the Bsnian; Fehd Pasha, the

A banian; Khan Ahmed Pasha, a ebe is A banian wh was hanged at
Cai; G jeh Ksm Pasha, wh cnqeed Anab i (Nap i), in the
Mea, and bi t the msqe beaing his name ppsite Is mb ; Hj
Mhammed Pasha, pisned at Bdin (Bda) by a Jew wh basted that he
had pisned n ess than fty Ms ems; Khs Pasha, the bthe f
Khjeh L a Mstafa Pasha; Khdem Ibahm Pasha, a man f a bave and
genes dispsitin, wh bi t the msqe beaing his name within the
Si iv-gate; Khdem Heide Pasha, wh was chief f the white enchs
in the haem, bt was dismissed n sspicin f having been accessy
t the mde f the Pince Mstafa: he was an e qent and eaned
man, and died Gven f Hesek (Heegvina); Ba ak Mstafa Pasha,
a Bsnian, Ba ak, in the A banian angage, signifying  d: he was
Gven f Egypt and Capdan f the f eet, and was bied at Iyyb;
Dmd Fehd Pasha,he was bthe-in- aw f Pince Mhammed, and was
an exce ent ca igaphe: a cpy f the Kn f his penmanship may
even nw be seen at the mas em f S tn Byad; Mstafa Pasha, wh
was descended fm Kha ed, sn f a d, and ynge bthe f Shemsi
Pasha: he was edcated in the impeia haem, made Chakiji-bashi,
cmmanded the expeditin against Ma ta when Gven f Rme i, died
n the pi gimage t Mecca, and was bied by my fathe.
_Beg e-begs in the eign f S tn S eimn._
Beham Pasha; Davd Pasha, wh died Gven f Egypt; Oveis Pasha,
Gven f Shm (Damascs); Dkakin Zdeh Ghi Mhammed Pasha,
Gven f Egypt; Oveis Pasha, Gven f Yemen (Aabia), he qaffed
the cp f matydm at the hand f Peh evan Hassan, the bbe;
O-demi Pasha, a e atin f Ghi, the ast S tn f Egypt, a
Cicassian by bith, and Cnqe f Habsh (Abyssinia); Ghi Ome
Pasha, wh bi t a msqe and imaet at Be gade; Ghi Ksim Pasha,
wh when S eimn aised the siege f Pech ( ienna), headed the paty
which made an excsin int Gemany, and came nd by enedik
( enice) t Essek with n y thee hnded men, the thes having fa en
matys in the expeditin: I visited many f thei tmbs in diffeent
p aces in Gemany; G jeh Rstam Pasha, Aga f the Janissaies, and
aftewads Gven f Bdin (Bda); S eimn Pasha, edcated in the
haem: he died at Ast i (Sth weissenbg), f which he was Gven,
and was bied befe its gate; Othmn Pasha, a Cicassian, edcated
in the Sea, wh was ewaded with the gvenment f Rme i f a
night attack pn the Pesian camp at Nakhchvn; Ghi Hassan Pasha,
wh was in Aabia and Abyssinia, whence he went t emeswa, f which
he was made Gven; S ak Fehd Pasha, Gven f Baghdd, whee
he died; Ba taji Mhammed Pasha, a Bsnian, wh was dismissed fm the
gvenship f Baghdd, and died at Is mb ; Haem Pasha, a Bsnian;
P Pasha, f the fami y f Ramean; Kbad Pasha, step-bthe f the
peceding; Ms Pasha, f the fami y f Isfendiy,he was Gven
f Eem, and died in the wa against the Gegian infide s; Khdem
A i Pasha, wh died whi st Gven f Cai; As an Pasha, the sn f
Sk i Mhammed Pasha: he bi t the pwde-magaine at Bdin (Bda),
and was exected n sspicin f having given p t and Pp t the
infide s; Ays Pasha, bthe f the Gand ei, Sinn Pasha: he was
beheaded; Behm Pasha, Gven f Baghdd; Jenb Ahmed Pasha, wh
was twenty yeas Gven f Anat i, and bi t a m evi (cnvent) and
bath at Anga; O ama Pasha, wh was taken pisne by the Pesians,
amngst whm he became a Khn, bt aftewads deseted them, and
etning t Rme i btained the Sanjk f Lippva, whee he was
ki ed, afte having sstained a siege f fty days. Yksa Pasha,
edcated in the haem; Shems Pasha, f the fami y f Ki Ahmed i,

and bthe f the ei Mstafa Pasha: he was the cnfidentia

ministe f thee S tns; Hj Ahmed Pasha, f the same fami y; Damd
Hassan Pasha, the S tans bthe-in- aw: he was sent as Ambassad
t Pesia n accnt f the f ight f the Pince Byad, and sffeed
matydm at Sivs: I have visited his tmb; Iskende Pasha, fist
Bstnj bsh, and then Gven f Anat i; Chekess Iskende Pasha,
f fifteen yeas Gven f Dbek, whee he died; emed A i
Pasha, a native f Bsnia; Kaa Mstafa Pasha, he was taken fm the
chambe f pages; Khi Pasha, a man f dignified mannes, wh was
edcated in the haem; Kaa Md Pasha; Sfi A i Pasha, wh died
at Cai, f which he was Gven; G b Pasha, a man wh ved
etiement, and cnvesed mch with my fathe; it was he wh e ated
the anecdte f himse f, a eady mentined in the Desciptin f the
Msqe f Ay Sfiyah: he was indeed a h y man; Mhammed Khn Pasha,
wh was f the fami y f Z kad, and went ve t Shh Isma , bt
etning t the Ottmans, was made Gven f Rme i and Anat i,
and was distingished with the tit e f Jenb (Exce ency).
_Capdn Pashas f the Reign f S emn._
Sinn Pasha, fm the haem, a geat tyant.
Khai-d-din Pasha (Babassa), bn at Mede i (Mity ene), and
ceated Capdn in the yea 940 (A.D. 1533). He died A.H. 970 (A.D.
1562), and was bied at Beshiktsh.
Sa eh Pasha, a native f Ka-tagh (Mnt Ida), was Pasha f A gies;
and, ike his pedecess, a mst active Admia .
Yahia Pasha, Gand Admia , and died Pasha f A gies.

ghd Pasha, wh sffeed matydm at the siege f Ma ta.

Mhammed Pasha, wh was Pasha f Egypt, and, ike Khai-d-din,
extended his devastatins even t the is ands f Ing etea (Eng and).
_Defteds and Nishnjis f the Reign f S tn S emn._
Defted Iskende Che ebi; Hyde Che ebi, f Ga ip i; Lfti Beg, f
the haem; Ab fa Efend; Abdi Che ebi, sn f Jevideh; Mstafa
Che ebi, wh, thgh aff icted with pa sy, cntined t attend the
Divn, becase he was an exce ent penman; Mhammed Che ebi, wh
was a s ca ed Egi Abdi Zdeh; Ibahm Che ebi, wh was the chief
Defted; Hasan Che ebi; Md Che ebi, Jem i Zdeh Mstafa Che ebi,
wh in his pse and petica cmpsitins assmed the name f Nishni:
he is the ath f an histica wk, entit ed abakt- -mam ek,
and a statistica ne, ca ed Kann Nmeh; Raman Zdeh Mhammed
Che ebi, wh was Nishnji, and ath f a sma histica wk.
_Begs f S tn S emns Reign._
Kchek B i Beg, sn f the Gand ei, Yahia; Khs Beg, descended
fm the daghte f S tn Byad: he bi t at Se, a msqe, a
khn, a bath, an imet, a c ege, and a sch , and achieved sme
thsands f victies; Kaa Othmn Shh Beg, sn f Kaa Mstafa Beg
by the siste f S tn S emn: he bi t at akha eh a wndef
msqe with a c ege and an imaet; A i Beg Ibn Ma kch Beg, wh

endeed himse f fams in Catia; Nbeha Zdeh, wh was a discip e

f Je Zdeh, and was aftewads made Defted; Chekess Kassim Beg,
wh was Gven f Kaffa, in the Cimea, bt aftewads went n an
expeditin t Ahdehn (Astachan) thgh the deset; Hj Beg, wh,
as Gven f Nab s, kept dwn the Aabs; Kd Beg; Jn-b d Beg, f
an i stis Kd fami y; Hsein Beg, wh was distingished with the
tit e Jenb (Exce ency).
_Sme f the I stis Divines f the Reign f S tn S emn._
Khai-d-din Efend, his Majestys Khjah; Seidi Che ebi, f Kastemni;
Sheikh Mhammed Jiv-deh; M ah Sheikh Mhammed Ben Ktb-d-din;
M ah Mhammed Ben Ahmed Ben Ad -pasha, an exce ent histian and
a gd Pesian pet; M ah Abd -fatth Ebn Ahmed Ad Pasha, a
native f Bed, in Pesia, and an amiab e and inte igent man; Sheikh
Mhammed, f nis, an exce ent eade f the Kn, the wh e f
which he knew by heat; Zeh-d-din, wh came fm ab, and was
hanged at Cai with the tait Ahmed Pasha; M ah Mhammed, a ppi
f Kem Pasha-deh; Mev en Yakb, cmmn y ca ed Ajh Kha ifh,
pfess at Magnesia, whee he died, A.H. 969 (A.D. 1562); A ad-dn
Jem i, Sheikh- -Is m (_i.e._ Gand Mfti), which ffice he he d
a s nde S tan Se m I.; the Sheikh- -Is m Kem Pasha-adh
Ahmed, wh was Ki-aske f Egypt nde Se m I., and is ce ebated
f his iteay pdctins; the Sheikh- -Is am Ab--ssad Efend,
wh wte nea y a thsand teatises, and whse Cmmentay n the
Kn is high y va ed: a v me might be witten in his paise;
Mev ena-Mh-d-dn Aab-deh, wh was dwned n his passage
t Egypt; Mev ena A i, wh wte the Hmyin Nmeh (the kish
tans atin f Pi pays Fab es); he was bied at Bs.
_he Kann-nmeh  Statistica
S emn._

Cde f the Empie, dawn p by S tn

Sectin I.

he Pvince f Rme i cntains 24 Sanjaks, 1,227 Zimets, 12,377

ims.
Bdin
17 Sanjaks, 278 Zimets, 2,391 ims.
Oi (Ocakv), 6 ditt
188 ditt
1,186 ditt
Bsnia,
7 ditt
150 ditt
1,792 ditt
6 ditt
190 ditt
1,090 ditt
emesva
Achipe ag
15 ditt
73 ditt
1,884 ditt
Ega
9 ditt
1,081 ditt
4,000 ditt

7 ditt
77 ditt
2,007 ditt
Kaffa
9 ditt (It has neithe Zimets n ims).
Mea
5 ditt, bt n Zimets  ims.
5 ditt.
aadin
Adi (ansy vania) pays an anna tibte f 3,000 pses; as d a s
Af k (Wa achia), and Bghdn (M davia). he Cimea has n Zimets
 ims, bt is gvened by Khns. Rds (Rhdes) has five Sanjaks;
Kbs (Cyps) seven, and Candia thiteen Sanjaks; making, in a , 167
Sanjaks, 3,306 Zimets, and 37,379 ims.
Anat i has
Kaman

14 Sanjaks, 399 Zimets, 5,589 ims.

7 ditt
68 ditt
2,211 ditt


7 ditt
108 ditt
3,699 ditt
Miish
4 ditt
29 ditt
215 ditt
Shm (Damascs),
2 ditt
138 ditt
1,865 ditt
4 ditt
63 ditt
571 ditt
aba s
Seida (Sidn)
4 ditt
94 ditt
995 ditt
Ha ep (A epp), has 5 Sanjaks, 99 Zimets, 833 ims.
Adna
5 ditt
43 ditt
1,659 ditt
Rha
2 ditt
4 ditt
6,026 ditt
Dbek
12 ditt
926 ditt
926 ditt
Eem
9 ditt
133 ditt
5,159 ditt
2 ditt
56 ditt
398 ditt
ebinde
Gjstn (Gegia) has n Sanjaks, Zimets,  ims.
Kas
6 Sanjaks, 1 Zimet, 1,363 ims
J di
13 ditt
49 ditt
689 ditt
24 ditt
46 ditt
2,695 ditt
n
Ms
3 ditt
66 ditt
1,004 ditt
Shehe
21 ditt
15 ditt
806 ditt
Baghdd has n imet  tim, bt is he d n an anna
ease, as ae
a s Basah and Lahsa: Yemen is gvened by an Imm; Habesh (Abyssinia)
is sbject t a tibtay S tn; Mes (Egypt), Je (A gies), nis
and aba s (ip i), ae he d by anna eases. hee ae in a 151
sanjaks, 1,571 imets, 41,286 tims.
A the and f the Ottman empie is divided int thee pats: the
khs hmyn,  cwn ands; the ands given t the ves and
beg e-begs; and the ands divided int imets and tims.
Sectin II.
_he Khs,  Revenes f the Beg e-begs._
Rme i, 1,100,000 aspes; Anad , 1,000,000; Kaamn, 60,671; Shm
(Damascs), 1,000,000; Sivs, 900,000; Eem, 1,214,600; Dbek,
1,200,600; n, 1,132,200; Bdn (Bde), 880,000; the is ands f the
Achipe ag, 885,000; Ha eb (A epp), 817,760; Meaish, 628,450;
Bsna, 650,000; emisw, 806,790; Kas, 827,170; J di, 925,000;
aab-afn (ebinde), 734,850; Rika, 681,056; Ms , 682,000;
Shehe , 1,100,000; aba s Shm (ip i in Syia), 786,000; O
(Ocakv), 988,000; Km (Cimea), 12,000,000; Kaffa, the evenes f
this pvince ae deived fm the cstm-hse; the Psh eceiving
679,000 aspes; Ega (E a), 800,080; Kanisa, 746,060; the Mea,
656,000; Baghdd, 1,200,200; Basah, 1,000,000; Lahsa, 888,000; Habesh
(Abyssinia), 1,000,080; Egypt, 487 pses f Egypt; the evenes f
nis, A gies, ip i, Cyps, and Rhdes, which be ng t the
Capdn Pshs, amnt t 1,200,700 aspes; Candia yie ded 11,990
aspes: this is and has since then been entie y cnqeed, bt
ding the eign f S emn it was a tted with that sma
sm.
Accding t the cnstittina aws f S emn, the gadatin f
the evenes f the gvens f wed the chn gica de f the
cnqest; ths the pshs f the pvinces fist cnqeed had geate
evenes than thse cnqeed at a ate peid; and the  d ves
at that time eceived an additina sanjak, nde the name f Apa k
(ba ey-mney); ths the sanjak f Adna was given t  d Mahmd Psh
with a evene f 116,000 aspes. Accding t the Knn, the S tan
f Egypt has the pivi ege f weaing tw aigettes, and the e
f Abyssinia is a wed t have tw ya tents. he pecedence f
the ves at pb ic festiva s, divans, &c. is as f ws: he e
f Egypt, f Baghdd, Abyssinia, Bda, Anat , Meaish, and the

Kapdn-Psh, if the scene is in Anad (Asia); bt if in Rme

(Epe) it is as f ws: the e f Bda, Egypt, Abyssinia,
Baghdd, Rme , and then the the gvens accding t the
chn gica de f the cnqest. F evey 500 aspes f evene
ne amed man is t be pvided f the fie d.
Sectin III.
_Names f the Sanjaks f each Pvince._
Rme i has tw Defteds, ne f the teasy-ffice (m ), and f
the feda tenes (tm) a Kehiy f Chvshes, an inspect f the
Defte ( s), a Kehiy f the Defte; an A -beg (c ne f the
feda mi itia); a Che-bsh ( ietenant-c ne ); a ink-gh, and
seven Yk-begs. he twenty-f sanjaks ae: 1. Sfia, the esidence
f the Psh. 2. Kstend . 3. Sktai. 4. ekha eh. 5. Ukh. 6.
Av na. 7. De vina. 8. Ynna. 9. E bessn. 10. Chemen. 11. Sa nk.
12. Askb (Scpi). 13. Dkgn. 14. dn. 15. A jeh His. 16.
Peen. 17. ejten. 18. Si istia. 19. Nicp is. 20. Kik-k seh.
21. Bende. 22. Ak-kemn. 23. O (Ocakv). 24. K bn.
_Sanjaks f the Pvince f And ._

hee is a Kehiy, an Emn (inspect), and Mhsibj (cmpt e f

the defte   s), an Emn and Kehiy f the Chvshes, a c ne
and captain f the feda mi itia, f Begs ca ed Mse im, and
e even Yy Begs. 1. Kthieh. 2. Sakhn. 3. Ada. 4. Kastamni.
5. B . 6. Mntesh. 7. Anga. 8. Kaa-his. 9. ekkeh. 10.
Hamid-s tn. 11. Og-kaas.
_Sanjaks f the Pvince f Kaamn._

his pvince has a Defted f the teasy, and f the feds, an
Emn f the Defte and f the Chvshes; a Kehiy f the Defte and f
the Chvshes; an A -beg (c ne ), and Che-bsh (captain). 1.
Knia, the esidence f the Psh. 2. Kaiseieh (Csaea). 3. Nkdeh.
4. Yen-shehe. 5. K-shehe. 6. Ak-se.
_Sanjaks f Svs._

he Defte (teasy) has a Kehiy, and Emn, the Chvshes have the
same; thee is besides a captain and Defted f the feds. 1. Svs,
the seat f the Psh. 2. Devebegi. 3. Khm. 4. Keskn. 5. Bk.
6. Amasia. 7. kt. 8. Z a. 9. Jank. 10. Aab-g.
_Sanjaks f Bsna._

he ffices ae, the Defted f the teasy, the Kehiy and Emn f
the  s; the Kehiy and Emn f the Chvshes, the A -beg and the
Che-bsh. 1. Se, the seat f the Psh. 2. Hesek. 3. Ki s. 4.
Zvnk. 5. Pshega. 6. Zchina. 7. Kka. 8. Rhvcha. 9. Bana ka.
_he Pvince f the Capdn Psh._

he ffices ae, the Kehiy and Emn f the Defte and Chvshes,
the A -beg and Che-bsh, the Aghs f the Aabs, and the Ds
f the Y-bshs. 1. Ga ip i, the seat f the Pasha. 2. Aghib
(Negpnt). 3. Ka -ei (Acanania). 4. Ainabakht (Napakts 
Lepant). 5. Rds (Rhdes). 6. Myty ini. 7. Kj-ei . 8. Bgh. 9.
Imit (Nicmedia). 10. Im (Smyna).
_Sanjaks f the Mea._
Hee thee is neithe Kehiy n Emn f the Defte. he Sanjaks ae:
1. Misista. 2. Mania. 3. Cne; Ay Maa. 4. Nap i di Rmania. he
sanjaks Ski (Chis), Naksha (Naxs), and Mahdia (in Afica), have
ecent y been added t the gvenment f the Capdn-psh.
_Sanjaks f Bdn (Bde)._

he nmbe f ffices attached t each pvince in this distict

is cmp ete, becase it a ways has a gand divn. hey ae: 1. he
Defted f the teasy. 2. he defted f the ms  feds. 3.
he Kehiy  depty f the defte. 4. he Kehiy f the Chvshes.
5. he Emn  inspect f the defte. 6. he Emn f the Chvshes.
7. he A Beg,  c ne . 8. he Che-bsh  ietenant-c ne
f the feda mi itia. 9. he Pash wh esides at Bde. he Sanjaks
ae: 1. Bde. 2. Segdin. 3. Sn k. 4. Hetwn. 5. Sihn. 6. Gemn. 7.
Fi ek. 8. E a.
_Sanjaks f the Pvince f Kania._

his pvince was sepaated fm the pincipa ity f Bde, and thee
is n Defted eithe f the teasy  f the feda mi itia. he
sanjaks ae: 1. Siget. 2. Kpn. 3. a iva, 4. Sk fja.
_Sanjaks f Uiv (Nehase )._

his pvince was cnqeed n y in the time f Mhammed I ., by

Kpe Zdeh Ahmed Psh. It is a we c tivated distict. he
sanjaks ae: 1. Litva. 2. Nvgd. 3. H ichk. 4. Byk. 5. Shasw.
_he Pvince f emiswa._
Hee the sa ffices wee estab ished ding the eign f Mhammed
I ., at the time f its secnd cnqest by Kpe Ahmed Psh. he
ftess f Yanva was then the seat f the Psh. he sanjaks ae: 1.
Lipva. 2. Knad. 3. J ei. 4. Mde. 5. Lgs. 6. Facias Aad. 7.
Five chches, the wakf ( pis beqest) f Sk Mhammed Psh.
_he Pvince f aasdin._

his pvince was cnqeed by K A Psh in the time f Mhammed

I . Sanjaks: 1. S anta. 2. Debechin. 3. Kha mas. 4. Ses Gigi.
he inhabitants f this cnty being a infide s, the tibte is
c ected by Hngaian chiefs wh fwad it t Cnstantinp e.

_ansy vania._

his pincipa ity was cnqeed ding the eign f S tan Mhammed
I . by the ams f the bave Sed Ahmed Psh; and Michae Apasty was
made vicey n cnditin that he sh d pay an anna tibte f ne
thsand pses besides cetain pesents. he pp atin is cmpsed f
native ansy vanians, f Sik ev, and f Saxns; the atte have a ways
been disaffected twads the Osmn gvenment.
_ a achia and M davia._

hese ae a s infide pincipa ities gvened by pinces appinted

by the Ottman gvenment, and pay an anna tibte f tw thsand
pses; they ae cnsideed as be nging t the pvince f Si istia.
_Ocakv  Si istia._
Hee thee ae n pb ic ffices as in the the pvinces, having
been detached fm the gvenment f Rme . Its sanjaks ae: 1.
Nikp is. 2. Chemen. 3. ia. 4. Kik Ki isia ( fty chches). 5.
Bende. 6. Akkemn. 7. Ocakv. 8. Ki bn. 9. Dghn. 10. Si istia,
which is the seat f the Psh.
_Kim (the Cimea)._

his teity is gvened by a Khn, wh has the pivi ege f cining,
and f having the Khtba ead in the msqes, his name being mentined
immediate y afte that f the Osmn Empe, wh has the ight f
appinting and changing the Khns. he esidence f the Khn is at
Baghchese, and that f the S tan at Ak-mesjid. he sbdinate
ffices ae sty ed Shn-begs and Ms-begs; the fme ae se ected
fm the Nakhchevn fami y, and the atte fm the Manik.
_he Pvince f Kaffa._
Its sanjaks ae  ed by ivdas, immediate y appinted by the Osmn
S tan and nt by the Khns. hese sanjaks ae: 1. B ik va. 2.
Kiej. 3. mn. 4. Chekess-shagha. 5. Ba isia. 6. Av. Besides the
Defted, thee ae n pb ic ffices.
_he Pvince f Cyps._

hee ae hee, a Defted f the teasy and f the feds; a Kehiy
and Emn f the Defte and Chvshes, an A -beg, and a Che-bsh.
he sanjaks ae: 1. Itshi . 2. ss. 3. A y. 4. Ss  Khs. he
f wing have a S ineh,  anna a wance fm the teasy:
Keina, Paphs, amagsta, and Nicsia. It is a age is and, and
cntains 30,000 Ms em wais, and 150,000 infide s.
_he Pvince f Candia._
Canea was cnqeed in the eign f S tn Ibahm, by Ysf Psh;
and twenty-six yeas aftewads Candia was taken by Kpe Zdeh the
secnd, afte a ptacted siege f thee yeas. he sanjaks ae: 1.

Canea. 2. Retim. 3. Se ina. his is and, being s extensive, has the

cmp ement f pb ic ffices, and maintains a fce f 40,000 men.
_he Pvince f Damascs._
Sme f the sanjaks f this pvince ae khs (_i.e._ yie d
evene); and thes ae S ineh (_i.e._ have an anna a
fm gvenment). Of the fme ae: 1. Jesa em. 2. Gaa.
4. Safet. 5. Nb s. 6. Aaje n. 7. Lejn. 8. Bka. Of the
adm, Saida, and Bait.

a and
wance
3. Kaak.
atte:

_he Pvince f aba s (ip i)._

Its sanjaks ae: 1. aba s (ip i) the seat f the Psh. 2. Hama.
3. Hms. 4. Sa amieh. 5. Jebe a. 6. Latakia. 7. Hsnbd. It has a s
fty Begs f the Ds in the mntains which be ng t it.
_he Pvince f Adna._
Having been sepaated fm the gvenment f Ha eb, it has n divn
ffices. he sanjaks ae: 1. Ss. 2. ass. 3. Kaatsh. 4.
Se fekeh. It has a s seven B-begs. Being a mntains cnty it is
vey tb ent.
_he Pvince f Ha eb (A epp)._

w f its sanjaks which eceive a stipend, have n imet n tm.
he sanjaks ae: 1. Akd Ki s. 2. Bejek. 3. Maa. 4. Ai. 5.
B is. 6. Antakia (Antich). hse which eceive the a wance ae
Massiaf, and the sanjak f the kmans, wh ae vey nmes in this
pvince.
_he Pvince f Dbeke._
In this pvince thee ae nineteen sanjaks, and five hakmets (
heeditay gvenments). E even f the nineteen sanjaks ae the same as
the thes in the Ottman pvinces, bt the emaining eight wee, at
the time f the cnqest, cnfeed n Kdish Begs with the patent f
fami y inheitance f eve. Like the sanjaks, they ae divided int
imets and tms, the pssesss f which ae b iged t seve in
the fie d; bt if they d nt, the imet  tim may be tansfeed
t a sn  e atin, bt nt t a stange. he hakmets have neithe
athity, and
imets n tims. hei gvens execise f
eceive nt n y the and evenes, bt a s a the the taxes which
in the sanjaks ae paid t the pssess f the imet  tim,
sch as the taxes f pastage, maiages, hses, vineyads, and
chads. he Ottman sanjaks ae: 1. Khapt. 2. Aghn. 3. Siveek.
4. Nissibin. 5. Hsnkef. 6. Miafaakain. 7. Akchka a. 8. Khap.
9. Sinj. he Kdish ae: 1. Sghmn. 2. K b. 3. Mehs. 4. Atk.
5. Betek. 6. Chapakch. 7. Chemek. 8. ej . he independent
gvenments: 1. Jeeh. 2. Ak . 3. Kenj. 4. Pa w. 5. He. hese
ae extensive pvinces, and thei gvens have the tit e f Janb
(exce ency). he ffices f the divn f Dbeke ae: the defted
f the teasy with a -nmj (jna -wite); a defted f the
feda fces, an inspect (Emn), and a ietenant (Kehiy) f the

defte, and anthe f the Chvshes; a secetay (Ktib), a c ne ,
and a ietenant-c ne f the mi itia.
_he Pvince f Kas._
Befe the cnqest this distict be nged t Em, bt it was
aftewads made a sepaate pvince, and had the sanjak f Ysn jined
t it. It has a c ne and ietenant-c ne , bt n ffices f the
defte. Its sanjaks ae: 1. Litt e Edehn. 2. Hjjn. 3. Zshd. 4.
Kechn. 5. Kghimn. 6. Kas, the seat f the Psh.
_he Pvince f J di  Akhchkeh._
Of the civi ffices f the divn thee is hee n y a defted
f the teasy; and f the mi itay, thee is a c ne and a
ietenant-c ne f the feda mi itia. he sanjaks ae: 1. O t. 2.
Habs. 3. Adinj. 4. Hajek. 5. Geat Adehn. 6. Pstkh. 7. Mahj .
8. Ijaeh-penbek. Besides these thee ae f heeditay sanjaks: 1.
Ptekek. 2. Lawaneh. 3. Nsf Awn. 4. Shshd. Ding the eign
f S tn Mhammed Khn, the cast e f Kttis was capted by Kaa
Mte, and was added t this pvince.
_he Pvince f Gjistn  Gegia._

he sanjaks ae: 1. Achikbsh. 2. Shshd. 3. Ddin. 4. G . he

Begs f Mege istn (Minge ia) ae a infide s; bt Md I . edced
them, and having p aced Sefe Pasha as thei gven, made the cast e
f Akhickha the seat f gvenment.  this day they send the anna
pesents.
_he Pvince f aabafn (ebisnde)._
1. Gmish-khneh. 2. Jankha. 3. Wa. 4. Gnia. 5. Batm. hgh this
pvince is sma it has a defted f the ms, a Kehiy f the
defte, an A -beg, and a Che-bsh.
_he Pvince f Rika._

he sanjaks f Rika and Rh ae: 1. Jemsa. 2. Khpd. 3. De-ahba.

4. Ben Rebia. 5. Saj. 6. Khan. 7. Rika. 8. Rh  Ufa, which is
the seat f the Psh; it has n ffices.
_he Pvince f Baghdd._
Seven f the eighteen sanjaks f this pvince ae divided, as in the
pats f the empie, int imets and tims. hey ae: 1. Hi a. 2.
Zeng-bd. 3. Javaa. 4. Rmha. 5. Jang a. 6. Kaa-tgh. 7..
he the e even sanjaks which ae ca ed Ik, have neithe imets
n tms. hey ae: 1. eteng. 2. Samwat. 3. Bt. 4. Deneh. 5.
Deh-ba d. 6. Evset. 7. Keneh-deh. 8. Demi-kap. 9. Kaanieh. 10.
Ki n. 11. A sh. hese have n imets  tms, and ae entie y in
the pwe f thei pssesss.

_he Pvince f Basa._

his was fme y a heeditay gvenment (m kiat), bt was edced t

an dinay pvince (ey et) when cnqeed by S tn Mhammed I . It
has a defted and Kehiy f the Chvshes, bt neithe A -beg n
Che-bsh, becase thee ae n imets  tms; the ands being
a ented by the gven.
_he Pvince f Lahsa._

his being a heeditay gvenment, has neithe imets n tms,

bt the gven sends a mnth y pesent t the gven f Baghdd.
Fme y its gvens wee insta ed as Beg e-begs, bt they nw h d
thei athity witht a patent.
_he Pvince f Yemen._

his t, since the time f Mhammed Khn I ., has been n awf
ccpied by the Imms.

_he Pvince f Abyssinia._

his pvince is a s witht imets  tms. Once in thee yeas

an ffice is sent fm the Sb ime Pte, t c aim it as a gvenment
pvince (M k). hee ae n pivate eases (i tim).
_he Pvince f Mecca._
Mecca is divided between the Shef and the Psh f Jidda. hee ae
n evenes bt thse deived fm the aqedcts.
_he Pvince f Egypt._
Hee thee ae neithe imets n tms. Its vi ages ae egisteed
eithe as be nging t the cwn (M M ),  t pis fndatins
(Wakf),  t the Kshif,  as ented by the inhabitants f twns
(I tim-be ed). hee is a defted f the teasy, a jna
keepe (Rnmehj), seven c eks f the eases (Mkataj), a
cmpt e (Mkbe ej) n the pat f the Psh, fty Begs and seven
cmmandes f the seven mi itay bdies. he sanjaks he d by Begs ae
the f wing: 1. Uppe Egypt. 2. Jija. 3. Ibim. 4. A wht. (the
Oasis). 5. Manfe t. 6. Shaakieh (the easten pat f the De ta). 7.
Ghaabieh (the westen pat). 8. Manfieh. 9. Mansieh. 10. Ka bieh.
11. Bakhai. 12. Damiat (Damietta). hese ae a gvened by Begs. he
fist in ank f the Begs f Egypt is the Em- -haj,  chief f the
caavan t Mecca, wh by the Aabs is ca ed S tn-a -ba,  d
f the cntinent. His Kehiy  depty has the pivi ege f weaing an
aigette.
As I have nt tave ed thgh the kingdms f A gies, nis, and
ip i, I d nt give any accnt f them, bt it is we knwn that
they ae extensive teities.
_he Pvince f Ms ._

his has n ffices f the Divn, bt a c ne and a

ietenant-c ne . Its sanjaks ae: 1. Bjwn . 2. ekit. 3. Esk
Ms (Nineveh). 4. Ha.
_he Pvince f Wn._

he ffices ae, the defted f the teasy and f the tms,
the inspect and depty f the  s and Chvshes, a c ek f the
Chvshes, a c ne and ietenant-c ne . Its sanjaks ae: 1.
Ada jew. 2. Ajish. 3. Msh. 4. Bge. 5. Kk. 6. Kesn. 7.
Zk. 8. Asabad. 9. Aghks. 10. Akd. 11. Ben-kt. 12. Ka a
Byad. 13. Bd. 15. Kha t. In the gvenments f if is, Hakk,
Majmd, and Peninish, thee ae imets and tms; the tibte
eceived fm them is apppiated t the pay f the gaisn f Wn.
A the fees and dties ae eceived by the Khns wh h d these
gvenments in heeditay pssessin.
_he Pvince f Eem._

his has twe ve sanjaks; its ffices ae, a defted f the teasy,
an inspect and depty f the  s and Chvshes, and a c ek f
the Chvshes. he sanjaks ae: 1. Kaa-his. 2. Kef. 3. Psn. 4.
Isp. 5. Khans. 6. Ma g. 7. ekmn. 8. Kjn. 9. tm. 10.
Lejenged. 11. Mma. 12. Eem, the seat f the Psh.
_he Pvince f Shehe ._
nmbe f divn ffices. Its sanjaks ae:
his pvince has the f
1. Sajek. 2. Eb . 3. Kesnn. 4. Shehe-b. 5. Jeng eh. 6.
Jebe -hamin. 7. Ha-madd. 8. A hn. 9. Mekeh. 10. Ha.
11. Rdn. 12.  t. 13. Sebeh. 14. Zenj. 15. Ajb. 16. Abmn.
17. Pk. 18. Pete . 19. B ks. 20. Ashn. 21. Ka a Gh. 22.
Shehe , which is the seat f the Psh. hee ae sme tibes in
this pvince wh ae nt gvened by begs invested with a dm and
banne; me than ne hnded chiefs f sch tibes, wh h d thei
ands as imets, bt by a heeditay ight, accmpany the Psh, when
eqied, t the fie d f batt e.

Sectin I .
_Of the anks f the Sanjak-begs._
Accding t the cnstittina aws f S tn S emn, the
sanjak-begs ank accding t thei pay, except when thee is a depsed
gand ve amngst them, wh in sch case takes pecedence ve
them a . he pay f a sanjak-beg is at fist 200,000 aspes, which
is inceased in pptin t the peid f his sevice, nti he
becmes beg e-beg,  m mn. Sh d, hweve, ne f the aghs 
cmmanding genea s f the mi itay cps at Cnstantinp e be made a
sanjak-beg, his pay fm the fist is me than 200,000 aspes. hs,
the Agh f the Janissaies, when he is appinted a sanjak-beg, at
nce eceives 500,000 aspes. he nishnj-bsh ( d pivy sea ),

the m a em (standad beae f the empie), the chambe ain, and the
gand maste f the hse, eceive an incease f 100,000 aspes. he
chshn-g-bsh (cmpt e f the kitchen), the mtafaek-bsh
(chief f the cies), the nde-maste f the hse, the Agh f
siphs and si ihds, f the sgh- fejn and s -gheb (tw
bdies f cava y), a becme sanjak-begs with a sa ay f 300,000
aspes. he segbn-bsh (a genea f the Janissaies), the Kehiy
(depty) f the defte, the defteds f the tms and yy-begs,
and a whse imets amnt t me than 500,000 aspes, eceive an
additin f 100,000 aspes, as sanjak-begs. Sch begs as distingish
themse ves by gd cndct ae ewaded with vacant tms; each
sanjak-beg fnishes f evey 5,000 aspes f his evenes ne amed
man. he sma est incme f a sanjak-beg being 200,000 aspes, he
bings fty amed men int the fie d; if he has 500,000 aspes he
fnishes 500 men, and s n in pptin.
Sectin .
_Of the Khs,  evene f the Sanjak-begs, the Kehiys f the Defte
and the Defteds f ms._
_Rmei i._
Khs f the sanjak-begs f the Mea 5,776 aspes; Sctai, 59,200;
Av nia, 39,000; Si istia, 89,660; Nicp is, 40,000; Okh, 35,299;
Yanina, 20,260; eha a, 50,885; Gstend 42,400; E besn, 1,963;
Chemen, 4,000; a, 34,465; De vina, 7,132; Sa nik, 80,832;
Skp, 40,000; Dkagn, 27,500; Widn, 3,000; A jeh-his, 20,399;
We jeten, 50,000; Peen, 28,146; Zimet f the kehiy f the
defte, 1,426; f the defteds, 2,000; f the beg f the Yks
(wandeing tibes) f a, 2,000; f the yk-beg f Rdst, 60,000;
f the yk-beg f Ynb , 3,470; f the yk-beg f Okcheb i,
3,494; f the yk-beg f Kja, 4,000; f the yk-beg f Sa nik,
41,397; f the yk-beg f Na dkn, 3,500; f the capdn f Cava a,
4,314; f the beg f the inks, 5,052.
_Bsnia._
Khs f the beg f Ki s, 42,500; Hesek, 10,515; Zvnk, 35,793;
Pshega, 66,230; Zachina, 70,000; Kaak, 30,000; Rahvicha, 70,000.
Zimet f the kehiy f the defte, 46,000; f the defted, 5,530.
_he Achipe ag._
Khs f the Beg f Negpnt, 40,000; Ka e (Acanania), 3,000;
Einabakht (Lepant), 30,000; Rds (Rhdes), 77,004; Myty ini, 40,000;
Kjae , 6,526; Bgha, 13,088; Sigh a, 30,000; Misista, 19,000.
Zimet f the kehiy, 8,390; f the defted, 22,077.
_he Pvince f Bde._
Khs f Semendia, 40,260; Bechev (Fnf-kichen  Fife-chches),
40,000; Ostnbe gade (Sth -weissenbg), 26,000; Osteghn (Gan),
10,000; Segdn, 40,000; Siem, 25,675; Essek, 20,000; Shamtna,

40,000; Kpn and Fi ek, 20,000; Nigis, 34,000; Nvigd, 33,940;

Sn , 40,000; Mhaj, 92,000; Siget, 4,230; Segs, 34,000; Mjn,
40,260.
Khs f the Defted, 5,520; imet f the kehiy f the defte,
3,240; f the kehiy f the tms, 8,940.
_he Pvince f emisv._
Lippva, 10,000; Kind, 20,792; G a, 28,945; Madava, 60,080; Ynva,
2,420; Ishbesh, 1,945; Zimet f the defted f the teasy, 60,000;
f the Kehiy, 4,880; f the defted f the tms, 60,000.
_he Pvince f Anat ia._
Khs f the beg f Skhn, 40,000; Adn, 34,600; Kaa His Afn,
40,299; Anga, 64,300; Bsa, 18,089; B , 20,122; Kastamn, 50,000;
Mntesha, 40,800; ekkeh, 28,000; Hamd, 24,000; Jnk, 48,081;
Kaas, 3,000; S tng, 5,000.
Zimet f the kehiy, 10,912; f the defted, 4,596.
_he Pvince f Kaamn._
Khs f the beg f Kaisaieh (Csaea), 5,000; Begsheh, 90,000;
Akse, 35,000; Akshehe, 1,000; Kshehe, 7,540.
Khs f the defted, 5,000; f the kehiy, 5,000.
_he Pvince f Kbs (Cyps)._
Khs f Iche , 27,000; A eh, 50,000; ass, 45,260; Ss, 60,299.
Khs f the defted f the teasy, 20,000; f the defted f the
imets, 70,000; f the kehiy, 42,000.
_he Pvince f ip i (in Syia)._
Khs f Hms, 20,290; Jebe ieh, 34,180; Sa amieh, 9,000; Ham, 94,030.
Khs f the defted f the teasy, 13,000; f the kehiy, 64,800;
f the defted f the tims, 40,000.
_he Pvince f Ha eb (A epp)._
Khs f the beg f Adna, 95,000; Ki s, 2,827; Bejek, 5,220; Maka,
30,000; A, 20,000; Ba s, 20,000.
Khs f the defted f the teasy, 27,826; f the kehiy, 6,930; f
the defted f the tms, 1,146.
_he Pvince f Z kadieh  Meaish._

Ma atieh, 50,000; Eintb, 5,130; Meaish, 25,300.

_he Pvince f Sivs._
Khs f the beg f Amasia, 30,000; Chm, 30,000; Bk, 300,275;
Dveg, 50,360; Jnk, 7,024; Aabg, 21,000.
Zimet f the kehiy, 80,200; f the defted, 2,550.
_he Pvince f Eem._
Khs f the beg f Kaahis Shaak, 3,000; Kef, 3,000; Bsn,
94,000; Isp, 30,000; Khans, 80,440; Ma g, 50,000; kmn,
4,929; Okjn, 20,702; tm, 97,000; Lejengid, 40,000; Mmevn,
3,000.
Khs f the defted f the teasy, 42,900; f the defted f the
tms, 20,200.
_he Pvince f Kas._
Khs f Edehn Kchk, 9,030; Hj-jn, 2,500; Rshd, 40,000;
Kmaghn, 2,000; Kechen, 2,000.
_he Pvince f Chi de  Akhichka._
Khs f O t, 2,017; Petek, 2,190; Edenh, 70,000; Edehn Bg,
2,000; Shshd, 56,000; Livna (tw heeditay sanjaks), 65,000;
Khabs, 2,500; Sahek, 65,000; Pstkh, 6,500; Mnj , 3,229; Penbek,
40,000.
_he Pvince f ebisnde._
Zimet f the kehiy f Btm, 3,000 apes; imet f the defted f
the tms, 42,290.
_he Pvince f Dbeke._
Khs f Khapt, 9,999; Aghan, 20,515; Sek, 3,043; Atk, 47,200;
Nesbn, 30,000; ej , 45,200; Jemk, 3,140; Hsn-kef, 2,955; Ak ,
9,675; Chapk-jd, 7,000; Jemishgeek, 4,223; Samsd, 9,057; Shai,
3772; Akchaka a, 20,000; Sinj, 1,517; Mfaakn, 20,000; Lisn and
Bbn, 6,000; Khkenj, 7,834.
Khs f the defted, 40,395; imet f the kehiy f the defte,
10,924; khs f the defted f the tims, 8,000.
_he Pvince f Rakka._
Khs f Jemseh, 5,122; Dai Rahba, 8,000; Kp, 10,000; As Rabia,
40,000; Saj, 20,000; Ana, 82,215.

_he Pvince f Baghdd._

Khs f Zangbd, 70,000; He eh, 51,000; Jave, 20,000; Rmnhieh,
45,000; Jeng eh, 20,000; Kaa (an heeditay gvenment), 4,287;
Deteng, 20,000; Samvt, 55,000; Deneh, 6,931; Dehb , 60,000; set,
20,000; Keend, 29,260; ap, 20,000; Kaanieh, 20,000; K n, 20,000;
A Sgh, 200,000; Zimet f the kehiy f the defte, 10,000; f the
defted f the tms, 80,000.
_he Pvince f Wn._
Khs f Ade javn, 50,346; Ajs, 30,000; Msh, 1,000; Bge, 20,000;
Kk, 20,000; Keshn, 25,000; Ispghid, 20,000; Aghks, 50,000;
Akd, 90,000; Wd Ben Kt, 70,000; Ka a Byad, 1,044; Bad,
20,000; Wwjik, 95,000.
Zimet f the kehiy f the defte, 60,999; f the defted f the
tims, 3,870.
_he Pvince f Ms ._
Khs f Bjvn , 15,000; ekt, 7,284; Han, 20,000; Bna, 30,000.
Sectin I.
_Statement f the nmbe f swds  men bght int the fie d by the
Pssesss f ms and Zimets._
_he Pvince f Rmei i._

he nmbe f its swds  amed men is 9,274, f which 914 ae
imets, the est tms, with and witht tekeehs (cmmissins).
he Zims,  pssesss f the imets, f evey 5,000 aspes f
thei evenes pvide ne amed man. ms,  pssesss f the
tms, f fm 10,000 t 20,000, find thee men. hs the mi itia f
Rme cnsists f Zims, ms, and Jebe s,  gads, amnting
in a t 20,200 men. he sanjak-beg, the kehiy f the defte, and
the defted f the tims, f evey 5,000 aspes f thei evenes
pvide ne man: the nmbe f men fnd by these being 2,500, the
tps f Rme amnt t 33,000 men; and, inc ding the sevants, t
40,000 men.
Sectin II
_Nmbe f Zimets and ms in each f the Sanjaks in Rme ._
Sfia, the seat f the Psh, has 7,821 imets and tms; Kstand
48 imets, 1,018 tms; ekha eh 32 imets, 539 tms; Ynina 62
imets, 34 tms; Uskb 57 imets, 340 tms; Oh 20 imets, 529
tms; Av nia 38 imets, 489 tms; Mea 200 imets; Eskendeieh
75 imets, 422 tms; Nicp is 20 imets, 244 tms; Chemen 20
imets, 130 tms; E besn 18 imets, 138 tms; a 30 imets,
79 tms; De vina 34 imets, 1,155 tms; Sa nk (Sa nica) 36
imets, 762 tms; Kik-ki is 18 tms; Dkagn 10 imets, 52
tms; Widn 12 imets, 25 tms; A aja-his 27 imets, 509
tms; Wejten, 10 imets, 17 tms; Peen 17 imets, 225

tms; Akcheb , an Ojk f the Yks  wandeing tibes, 188; f

the Yks f eke gh  Rdst 324; f the Yks f Sa nk
128; f Kjk 400; f Na dkn 314; f the Msse mans f Rme
400; f the Msse mans f Ki jeh 300; f the Msse mans f Chemen
301; f Chinganeh (Gypsies  Bhemians) 198; f a 178;in a
1,019 heeditay jks  fami ies. In the gvenment egistes thity
pesns f these Yks  Msse mans ae ca ed an _jk_,  fami y.
In the time f wa these Yks and Msse mans cnstitte the f ying
tps (ishkenj), and in thei tn twenty-five f these pefm the
dties f yamks,  sevants, t the the five. Ding wa the Yamks
ae b iged t pay 55 aspes pe head in ie f a divn dties,
bt in time f peace they ae exempt fm a taxes. he ishkenj 
f ying-tps (v tiges) pay n fam-taxes when they g t wa; bt
sh d they becme siphs  fedaty tenants, they ae nt exempt
fm the dties f Yks.  the Msse mans a ptin f and is
a tted, which is egisteed as a tm, and f which they pay n
tithes. hei dties ae t dag the ati ey in the time f wa, t
c ea the ads, and t cay the necessay pvisins f the amy.
Sectin III.
_Nmbe f Zimets and ims in Anat ia._

hee ae 7,313 swds, f which 195 ae imets and the the tms;
they pvide 9,700 jebe  amed men, and thes, amnting in a
t 17,000 men. hei anna evene amnts t 37,317,730 aspes. he
imets and tms ae as f ws: Kthieh 79 imets, 939 tms;
Sakhn 41 imets, 674 tms; Adn 19 imets, 572 tms;
Kaahis, 15 imets, 616 tms; Anga 10 imets, 257 tms; Bsa
30 imets, 1,005 tms; B 14 imets, 551 tms; Kstamn 24
imets, 587 tms; Mntesh 52 imets, 381 tms; ekkeh 7 imets,
392 tms; Hamd 9 imets, 585 tms; Kaas 7 imets 381 tms;
S tn-g 7 imets, 182 tms. In Anat ia thee ae a s Msse mans
(feemen) and Pdeh  Yy (pinees), wh t the nmbe f 900 men
g t wa; these with the Yamks amnt t 26,500 men; thei dties
ae t dag the gns, c ea the ads, and cay pvisins. hey have
ands (chift ik) ike the Yks f Rme , which ae egisteed as
tms. his was the estab ishment in the eign f S tn S emn, bt
at pesent they ae a en ed as ays, and the pssesss f these
tms ae b iged t accmpany the Kapdn Psh when he ges t sea.
Fme y thee wee in this pvince 1,280 v nteeing Aabs, wh, f
evey ten men pviding ne amed-man, sent 128 men int the fie d.
hey ae nw disbanded.
_he Pvince f the Kapdn Psh,  the is ands f the Achipe ag._

his fme y pvided 1,618 swds; bt Jafe Psh, wh was fme y
Bstnj Bsh, ding the eign f Md I . inceased thei nmbe
t 9,900: f these 106 wee imets and the est wee tms; adding
t them the jebe s the entie nmbe was 12,067 men. he Aabs, the
v ntees f the Asena , and the men f sixty ga eys, a s fmed
a bdy f 10,000 men. he anna evene f thei imets and tms
amnted t 1,800,000 aspes. he f wing ae the imets and tms:
Negpnt 12 imets, 188 tms; Einabakht (Lepant) 13 imets, 287
tms; Myty ini 83 tms; Kjae 25 imets, 187 tms; Sigh a
32 imets, 225 tms; K ie 11 imets, 19 tms; Ga ip 14
imets, 132 tms; Rds (Rhdes) 5 imets, 785 tms; Bgh 6
imets, 136 tms; Misista 10 imets, 91 tms.

_he Pvince f Kaamn._

his pvince spp ies 1,620 men, 110 f which ae imets, the est
tms; with the jebe s they amnt t 4,600 men. hei anna
evene is 1,500,000 aspes. Knia has 13 imets, 515 sanjaks;
Kaisaia (Csaea) 12 imets, 200 tms; Nkdeh 13 imets, 255
tms; Begsheh 12 imets, 244 tms; Aksheh 9 imets, 22
tms; Kiksheh 4 imets, 13 tms; Akse 12 imets, 228 tms.
_he Pvince f Rm  Sivs._

his has 3,130 swds  men, f which 109 ae imets, the est
tms. he begs, ims, and tmaits with thei jebe s amnt t
9,000 men. hei anna evene amnts t 3,087,327 aspes. Sivs has
48 imets, 928 tms.
_he Pvince f Maaish._
2,169 swds, f which 29 ae imets, and the est tms. he begs,
ims, tmaits, and jebe s amnt t 55,000 men. hei anna
evene amnts t 9,423,017 aspes. Maaish has 3 imets, 1,120
tms; Kas 2 imets, 656 tms; Eintb 2 imets, 656 tms;
Ma atea 8 imets, 276 tms.
_he Pvince f Ha eb (A epp)._
933 swds, f which 104 ae imets, the est tms; the wh e nmbe
f tps with the jebe s is 2,500 men. Ha eb 18 imets, 1,295
tms; Adna 11 imets, 190 tms; Ki s 17 imets, 295 tms;
Maka 9 imets, 890 tms; A 2 imets, 190 tms; Ba s 6
imets, 57 tms.
_he Pvince f Shm (Damascs)._
996 swds, f which 28 ae imets and the est tms; it has with
the jebe s 1,600 men. Kds-Shef (Jesa em) 9 imets, 16 tms;
Aaje n 4 imets, 21 tms; Lajn 9 imets, 26 tms; Safed 5
imets, 133 tms; Gaa 7 imets, 108 tms; Nb s 7 imets, 124
tms.
_he Pvince f Cyps._
1,667 swds, f which 40
ims, tmaits and jebe
tms; A eh 9 imets,
Ss 2 imets, 52 tms;

ae imets, and the est tms. he begs,

s amnt t 4,500 men. Cyps 9 imets, 38
152 tms; ass 13 imets, 418 tms;
Ich-e 16 imets, 602 tms.

_he Pvince f ip i (in Syia)._

614 swds, with the jebe s, 1,400 men. ip i 12 imets, 875
tms; Hms 9 imets, 91 tms; Jebe ieh 9 imets, 91 tms;
Sa amieh 54 imets, 52 tms; Hama 27 imets, 171 tms.

_he Pvince f Rakka._

654 swds, with thei jebe s, 1,400 men. Rakka 3 imets, 132
tms; Rha 9 imets, 291 tms; Biehjk 15 imets, 109 tms;
Ana 6 imets, 129 tms.
_he Pvince f ebinde._
454 swds, with thei jebe s, 8,150 men. ebinde 43 imets, 226
tms; Batm 5 imets, 72 tms.
_he Pvince f Dbek._
730 swds, with thei jebe s, 1,800 men. In the eign f S tn
Md I . this pvince pvided 9,000 men. Amed has 9 imets, 1,129
tms; Khapt 7 imets, 123 tms; Aghneh 9 imets, 123 tms;
Svek 4 imets, 123 tms; Nesben, 15 imets and tms; Beehjk
4 imets, 123 tms; Chemik 6 imets, 13 tms; Hsnkef 45
imets and tms; Chabkch 5 imets, 30 tms; Jemeshgeek 2
imets, 7 tms; Sinj 6 imets, 21 tms.
_he Pvince f Eem._
5,279 swds, with the jebe s 8,000 men. Eem 5 imets, 2,215
tms; tm 5 imets, 49 tms; Bmewn 4 imets, 92 tms;
Kef 8 imets, 229 tms; Ma g 9 imets, 281 tms; Khans 2
imets, 425 tms; ekmn 1 imet, 253 tms; Kaa-his 4 imets,
94 tms.
_he Pvince f Chi de._
650 swds, with the jebe s, 8,000 men. O t 3 imets, 132 tms;
Edehn 8 imets, 45 tms; Eebj 4 imets, 49 tms; Hajek 2
imets, 12 tms; Khans 13 imets, 35 tms; Pst 1 imet, 18
tms; Benek 8 imets, 54 tms; Bsn 9 imets, 14 tms; A 
9 imets, 10 tms; Ostjeh 8 imets, 17 tms; Chk ik 33 tms;
Jet a 13 imets, 14 tms; Isp 1 imet, 4 tms; Petek 3 imets,
98 tms.
_he Pvince f Wn._
Reg as and jebe s 1,300 men. Wn has 48 imets, 45 tms;
Sheveg 47 imets, 33 tms; Jbn 2 imets, 26 tms; Wed eh
7 imets, 21 tms; Ka a Byad 4 imets, 125 tms; Ajsh
14 imets, 86 tms; Ad jev 9 imets, 101 tms; K dek 7
imets, 67 tms.
In the eign f S tn S emn the feda fce f Rme amnted
t 91,600 men. On s fim a fndatin had he estab ished the Ottman
empie, that when he made wa in Epe he eqied nt the tps
f Asia; and when he tk the fie d in Asia, he had n ccasin f
the fces f Epe. His victis was in Gemany and Pesia, wee
caied n s e y with his eg a tps. His wh e amy having

been nmbeed amnted t 500,000 men. Of these thee wee 40,000
janissaies and 20,000 cava y  siphs, wh with thei sevants
amnted t 40,000 men. Afte the cnqest f Ynva, Mhammed I .
inceased the amy by 3,000 men, and afte the cnqest f Uiv by
8,000 men. Ked (Candia) a s, having been cnqeed and divided int
imets and tims, gave 100,000 ays and 20,000 tps.
In the yea 1060 (A.D. 1649) ding the eign f S tn Mhammed I .
my nb e d Me ek Ahmed Psh being gand ve, a ya fimn was
issed t eview the wh e f the Ottman amy. Evey s eceiving
pay in the seven c imates was egisteed, and the es t was 566,000
seving men, the anna pay f whm amnted t 43,700 pses, and with
the pay f the tps in Egypt t 90,040 pses (45,020,000 piastes):
ths the amy fa exceeded that f S emns time.
Sectin X.
_he de f the Divn._
Befe the time f S tn S emn thee was n eg a divn. He
he d a gand divn n f days ding the week, cmpsed f the
seven ves f the cp a, the tw jdges f the amy, the Agh f
the Janissaies and f the six bdies f cava y. he Chvsh-bsh
(masha f the ct); and the Kapj  Kehiys (chief chambe ain)
wee eqied t attend n sch days with thei si ve staffs f
ffice. he gand ve gave jdgment n a
aw-sits; and the Kapdn
Psh, seated witht the cp a, decided a mattes e ating t the
navy. On Wednesdays the chief f the enchs decided cases e ating t
Mecca and Medina. It was S tn S emn wh estab ished the eg a
dess f the divn. he ves and the Kapdn Psh we the tban
ca ed the _se m_, and s did the Agh f the Janissaies pvided
he wee a ve. he Chvsh-bsh (masha ), the Kapj  Ketkhds
(the chief chambe ain), the Mi-a em (the standad-beae f the
state), the Chakij-bsh (speintendent f the hseh d), the M
Akh (maste f the hse), the Chshng-bsh (cmpt e f the
kitchen), and the Mtafeika-bsh (chief f the cies) we the
_mjavea_,  high nd tban, and Kha ts f at as  satin ca ed
_st_. he genea s f the Janissaies and Siphs, the Chvshes f
the divn, and the seventy heads f the ffices f the teasy, a
std in thei p aces dessed in thei _mjavea_ and _st_ eady t
tansact bsiness. On these days the Janissaies wee seved by the
Agh with 3,000 dishes f wheat bth, which if they w d nt tch,
the empe at nce knew that they wee dissatisfied. On sch ccasins
he epaied t the Ad et Kshk (kisk f eqity), whee he in pesn
decided sme f thei mst imptant qestins. In the evening they a
sat dwn t a smpts epast, which was seved by the Z f -b taj
t the ves, and by the tent-pitches t the est f the cmpany.
Afte the epast the seven ves, the Kapdn Psh and the Agh f
the Janissaies with the tw geat jdges wee intdced by the gate
f the Haem, t the pesence f the empe. hey then etned t
the divn, whee the Chvsh-bsh taking the sea f the gand ve,
sea ed the tease, and then etned it t the ve.
_he cnqests and victies f S emn._
His fist cnqest was the defeat f the Cicassian gven f Syia,
Jn Yad Gha Khn, whse ebe is head Fehd Psh seveed
fm its bdy, and sent t the Sb ime Pte in 927 (A.D. 1520). he

cnqest f Yemen and death f Iskende the ebe 927 (1520). he
edctin f Be gade and ek en, f S ankement and Kpanik in
the same yea. he cnqest f Rds (Rhdes) in 928 (1521); f the
ftesses f Iskaadn, He ka, Ei ig, the is and f Inj , the
ftess f akhta , Istanki (Cs), Bdm (Ha icanasss), in the
same yea. he victy f Mhac, f wed by the fa f Waadin,
O k, Kpik, E k, Dimjeh, Iek, Gagfja, Lkn, Stan, Lakw,
Wdd, Rcheh, Essek, Bde and Pest, in the yea 932 (1525). he siege
f Kii A ma (the Red App e  the capita f Gemany), and in the
f wing yea the e ease f Ynsh (Jhn Zap ia) by Yehiy Psh
Zdeh. he cnqest f Sk fja, Kap ieh, Sh a, Ba w, Ltfj,
sh, Zkn, Kania, Kapnk, Ba ashka Chpanija, Shw, Nimetg,
Kemendw, Egesek, Mshte, and Msht in 939 (1532). Cnqest f the
easten pvinces f Ik, Kawn, Kakn, Baghdd, Eivn, S tnieh,
ab, and Hamadn, in 941 (1534). Wn, Ade jv, Ajsh, Akh t,
Bge, Amik, Khshb, S tn, Sabdn, Jeem-bidk, Rsn, He a,
and en, in 941 (1534), ab in the same yea. An expeditin int
Gegia and App ia; with the cnqest f Ki s in Bsnia, in the yea
943 (1536). he cnqest f Uivin, Nadn, Sn, Kdn, Opja, and
the expeditin against Kf (Cf) in the same yea. he cnqest
f Pshega, and the defeat f Skj Jhn nea Essek in 944 (1537).
he expeditin int M davia, the cnqest f Yss, Bassa, and
Bsnia, in 945 (1538). he e ief f Neh in Hesek, the cnqest f
Yemen and Aden, the nava expeditin against India and D; and the
cnqest f Abyssinia in the same yea, by the Ench S emn Psh.
Bde twice befe besieged was nw edced, and Ghi S emn Psh
made gven, and Khai-ad-dn Efend fist jdge. he cnqest f
Sth weissenbg, Lippva, Gn, t, Pp, espeim, P ta, and
Chagha in 950 (1543).

he death f the pince Mhammed happened in the same yea. he capte
f ishegde nea Gn, Khtwn, Shamtna, Wa ifa in Bsnia, and f
the cast e f Ceig in 951 (1544). In 954 (1547) A ks Mi, the
gven f Shvn and bthe f Shh hams tk efge at the
ct f S emn; and in the f wing yea the twns f Km, Kshn
and Ispahn, wee sacked by the empes expeditin. he cnqest f
Pechevi (Five Chches) Pechkeek, At, Jend (Cianad) emesv;
the batt e f Khdem A Psh in the p ains f Segedin. emesv
was cnqeed in 959 (1551) by the secnd ve, Ahmed Psh; the
cnqest f S nk; and the siege f E a aised in the same yea. he
expeditin against Nakhchevn; the death f the pince Jehng whi st
in winte qates at Ha eb (A epp) in 960 (1552). he cnqest f
Shehe and Z im, with the cast es be nging t it. he cnqest f
Kapshw, Fabeneh, and the Cimea. he victy f Ma kch Beg at
Ki s in Bsnia in 961 (1553). he cntest between the pinces Se m
and Byad in the p ains f Knya, in which Byad was defeated and
tk efge with the Shh f Pesia, wh gave him p, afte which he
was pt t death with his chi den at Sivs, 966 (1558). Expeditin
against Siget, ding the siege f which Petev Psh cnqeed, n
the ansy vanian side, the cast es f G a, Yanva, and Di ghsh. en
days pevis t these victies the Empe S emn bade faewe t
his tansity kingdm and emved t his neve fading dminins. his
event happened ding the siege f Siget, bt the ve Asif cncea ed
his i ness and death s we f seventy days that even the pages
f the Khs da wee ignant f it. On this accnt it is said that
S emn cnqeed the twns f Siget, G a, and Km afte his death.
hs died S emn afte a eign f fty-eight yeas, having attained
the highest g y. His cnqests extended ve a the seven c imates;
and he had the Khtba ead f him in 2,060 diffeent msqes. His
fist victy was in Syia ve the Cicassian Khn Yed Gha , and

his ast that

ftess. His
22d f Sefe,
Magnesia. His
Mihb f the

at Siget: he died seven days befe the edctin f this

death, which happened at nine c ck n Wednesday the
was kept cncea ed ti the aiva f his sn Se m fm
bdy was caied t Cnstantinp e and bied befe the
msqe which beas his name.

_he Reign f S tn Se m II._

S tn Se m the sn f S tn S emn Khn was bn in 931, and
ascended the thne in 974 (1566). He was an amiab e mnach, tk mch
de ight in the cnvesatin f pets and eaned men, and ind ged in
p ease and gaiety. His ves wee,the gand ves Sk Mhammed
Psh, Ahmed Psh (the cnqe f emisv), Pi eh Psh, (the
Kapdn Psh), Z Mahmd Psh, L eh Mstaf Psh, and tnse
Hsain Psh. hese wee ves endwed with the wisdm f Aistt e.

he M-mn,  Beg e-begs, wh adned his eign wee,Kapdn A

Psh, Sfi A Psh, Yet Hsain Psh, Mahmd Psh, Mhammed Psh
the sn f L eh Mstafa Psh, Abd--ahmn Psh, Dvd Psh, Rs
Hasan Psh, Md Pash, Khdem Jafe Psh, Devsh A Psh, Aab
Ahmed Psh.
_Defteds and Nishnjs._
Md Che eb, Devsh Che eb the sn f Bb the painte, L -deh,
Mhammed Che eb, Mem Che eb, Abd- -ghaf Che eb, Mhaem
Che ebi: F-beg the Nishnj ( d pivy sea ), Mhammed Che eb,
nephew f the ate Nishnj Je -deh Beg.

he mst distingished f the U em in his eign wee,Yeh

Efend fm Beshiktsh; Mev ena Mhammed Ben Abd- -wahb; Mev ena
Msa ih-d-din; Mev ena Jafe Efend; Mev en Ata-a ah Efend;
Mev ena Mhammed Che eb; Ahmed Che eb; Abd- -kem Ben Mhammed, the
sn f the Shaikh- -Is m (gand mft) Ab-sad.
_Physicians._
Mev en Hakm Sinn, Hakm Othmn Efend, Mev en Hakm Is, Hakm
Ishk, Hakm Bde-d-dn Mhammed Ben Mhammed Ksn, abb Ahmed
Che eb.
_Meshiekh  Leaned Men._

he Shekh A a-d-dn (may Gd sanctify his secet state!) was f
Akse in Kaamnia, and ce ebated f his pficiency in the I m
Jefe,  caba istic at, Sheikh Abd  Kem, Sheikh Aif bi ah
Mahmd Che eb, Sheikh Ab Sad, Sheikh Hakm Che eb, Sheikh Yakb
Kemn, Sekhsh B Efend, Sheikh Raman Efend, snamed
Behesht, and Sheikh Mhammed Begev, wh died in 981 (1573).
_Cnqests &c. in the eign f S tn Se m II._

he tibe f A in f Basa having ebe ed was sbjgated in 975

(1567). he expeditin t Ahdehn (Astachan) in 977 (1569). he
cnqest f Dasht Kipchk in 976 (1568). he cnqest f Yemen and

Aden, a secnd time, by Sinn in 977. Aiva f the Ms banished

fm Spain 978 (1570). Cnqest f Cyps with a its ftesses by
L Kaa Mstafa Psh, in the same yea. Of nis and the Afican
cast, by Ki ij A Psh in 977 (1569). Defeat f the gand impeia
f eet at Lepant in 979 (1571). F ight f t Khn t Mscw.
Renvatin f Mekka in the same yea. he ecvey f Bsnia fm the
infide s in 982 (1574).
S tn Se m died n the 18th f Shabn 982. He eft many mnments
f his gande, bt nne f them can be cmpaed t the msqe which
he eected at Adianp e: in tth thee is nt ne eqa t it even
in Is mb . He was scceeded by his wn sn S tn Md III., wh
ascended the thne in 982 (1574). His sns wee the pinces,Mstafa,
Osmn, Byad, Se m, Jehng, Abd ah, Abd--ahmn, Hasan,
Ahmed, Yakb, A em-shh, Ysf, Hsain, Kkd, A , Ishak, Oma,
A a-ad-dn Dvd Khn. He had a s twenty-f fai daghtes, in a
ne hnded and twenty-seven chi den, wh wee ki ed afte his death
and bied beside him at Ay Sfi. May Gd have mecy pn them a !
S tn Md bi t the Kshk ca ed Sinn Pshs Kshk in 992 (1584).
_Cnqests &c. in the Reign f Md._
L Kaa Mstafa Pshs gand batt e n the p ain f Chi de, 983
(1575), f wed by the fa f the ftesses f Chi de, mek,
Khatn, Dkhi , if s, Shebk, Demi Kap  Debend, and the
edctin f the pvince f Shivn, which was given t Odemi Zdeh
Osmn Psh. A these cnqests wee achieved in 991 (1583). he
fist ya expeditin was in 990. he defeat f Imm K Khn in 991.
In the same yea the gvenment f Magnesia was given t the Pince
Mahmd Khn, and in the f wing yea Mhammed Ghe, Khn f the
Cimea, was depsed and pt t death. In 992 the cast e f ab was
ebi t, the ftess f Ganja was taken, and the expeditin against
Baghdd nde Jegh eh Zdeh. he cnqest f Desp , Nahvnd, and
Ghadn, in 995 (1586). he gand batt e f Khdem Jafe Psh, in
the neighbhd f ab, 997 (1586). A peace cnc ded with the
Shh (f Pesia), wh sent ne f his sns as a hstage, 1000 (1591).
Capte f Bihka, and a new ftess bi t pn the Save in the same
yea; a s the defeat f the gand amy in Bsnia, and the cnqest
f Bespein and P ata. Defeat f the Mss mn amy nea Ist n
(Sth weissenbg). Cnqest f t and Set-Matn (Saint Matin).
Cmmencement f the siege f Raab (which was edced sme time afte by
Sinn Psh), in 1003 (1594), when S tn Mhammed Khn III. ascended
the thne (being n a Fiday the 16th f Jem  evve ). In 1002
S tn Md Khn, esigned the eins f gvenment and jined the
divine c emency. May Gd have mecy pn him!
S tn Mhammed Khn sn f S tn Md Khn was bn at Magnesia in
976. he pincipa events and cnqests f his eign ae the f wing:
In 1004 (1595) the t Khn aived in Wa achia and sbded the
ays. In the same yea Jafe Psh de iveed emisv fm the
infide s. In the f wing yea Ega (E a) was taken, and the amy
f the infide s ted in the p ain f Shatsh nea E a. In 1006 the
infide s ecve Ynk (Raab). Wad besieged by Satj Hasan Psh in
1007 (1698). Yemishj Psh was depsed and ki ed, and Jegh eh Zdeh
died afte having been defeated by the Pesians in 1011 (1602). In the
f wing yea the Pesians tk pssessin f Ganja and Shiwn; and
Mhammed died n the 18th f Rajab. He bi t a mas em f himse f
in Is mb , and eft nmes mnments in the twns f the empie,
patic a y at Mecca and Medina. he sending f tw ship- ads f cn

fm Egypt t Mecca and Medina anna y iginated with him.

S tn Ahmed Khn I., was bn at Magnesia in 998 (1589). He was a fai
chi d f f yeas, when he ascended the thne n the 18th f Rajab
1012 (1603). I, the hmb e wite f these pages, Ev iya the sn f
Devsh Mhammed, was bn in the eign f this S tn n the 10th f
Mhaem 1020 (1611). Six yeas afte my bith, the bi ding f the
new msqe (f Ahmed) was cmmenced, and in the same yea the S tn
ndetk the expeditin t Adianp e: Gd be paised that I came
int the w d ding the eign f s i stis a mnach.
_Sns f S tn Ahmed._
Othmn; Mhammed, wh was mdeed by his bthe Othmn, in the
expeditin t Htn. Othmn was hweve nsccessf and was a s
s ain; ths was veified the saced text, as y give s sha y
eceive. Md, aftewads the fth S tn f that name; Byad,
S emn; these tw wee bth stang ed whi st S tn Md I . was
engaged in the expeditin t Eivn. Ibahm was the yngest sn f
S tn Ahmed. May Gd extend his mecy t them a !
_Gand es f S tn Ahmed._
Yv A Psh, was pmted fm the gvenment f Egypt t the ank
f gand ve. Mhammed Psh, ca ed a s Shhn Ogh . Devsh
Psh. Gh Khajeh Psh; wh exteminated the ebe s in Anad .
Nash Psh. Dmd Mhammed Psh was twice gand ve, as was a s
Kha Psh.
_ es f the Kbba (Cp a)._
Kmmakm Ksim Psh. Khdem Ahmed Psh. Hfi Sikj Mstaf Psh.
Sf Sinn Psh. Khe Psh. Gj Khdem Mhammed Psh, wh was
made gand ve in the time f S tn Mstafa. Etmekj Zdeh Ahmed
Psh. Kd Psh. Ge jeh Mahmd Psh. Jegh eh Zdeh Sinn Psh.
Jegh eh Zdeh Mahmd Psh, sn f Sinn Psh.
_Ce ebated Divines._
M Mstafa Efend, was Shaikh  Is m, when the S tn ascended
the thne. M Sanaa ah Efend. M Mhammed Efend, sn f
Sad-d-dn Efend, knwn by the name f Che eb Mft. M Shaikh
 Is m Asad Efend. M Mstafa Efend, tt t the S tn.
M Kf Zdeh Efend. M Yeh Efend. M Dmd Efend. M
Kem Efend, bette knwn by the name f sh Kp Zdeh. M
Kehiy Mstaf Efend. M Bstn Zdeh Mhammed Efend. M Hsain
Efend. M Ghan Zdeh Mhammed Efend.
_Mashiekh  Leaned Men._
Mahmd f Uskd (Sctai). Abd majd f Svs. Oma, knwn bette
by the name f ajmn Shaikh (intepete). Shaikh Em Ishtip.
Ibahm, thewise Jeh Psh, a discip e f the ast-mentined;
Mssa eh d-dn Nakshbend, the Imm  chap ain f the S tn.

_Cnqests &c. f the eign f S tn Ahmed._

he gand ve dies at Be gade, and Bchki appeas in Hngay in

the yea 1012 (1604). Cnqest f Osteghn (Gan); and Bchki and
Sekhsh Ibahim Psh extend thei depedatins t the vey wa s
f ienna. Engagement between the ebe s in Anad and Nash Psh;
the Km-makm Mstafa Psh is exected. he gand ve Sf Sinn
Psh is depsed, 1014 (1605). Nash Psh is appinted t cndct the
expeditin against A epp; Kja Mhammed Psh is appinted t ead the
expeditin against the Pesians and is aftewads ceated gand ve.
Md Psh, Devsh Psh, Bstnj Fehd Psh, and Je Md
Psh, ae a a tenate y made ves; and the exectin f Devsh
Psh, in 1015 (1606). Kapj Md Psh is appinted cmmande f
the fces sent t Ha eb against Jnp d Zdeh; the cnty abt
Bsa is aid waste by the ebe Ka ende Ogh ; capte f Ha eb by
Md Psh; defeat f Ka ende Ogh ; and the appeaance f the ebe
Mmj, 1016 (1607). Ysf Psh ki ed at Uskd (Sctai) by the
ebe s; and the gand ve sacks ab and seventy the Pesian
twns 1019 (1610). Death f Md Psh at Ch enk nea Dbek;
Nash Psh is made cmmande-in-chief in 1021 (1612). Bet en is
insta ed king f ansy vania, which cnty is taken pssessin f,
and 200,000 pisnes ae caied ff, besides immense p nde. In the
same yea the i stis empe ndetk a jney t Adianp e.
he cssacks f the b ack sea p nde and bn Sinpe, and Nash
Psh being sspected is pt t death, 1023 (1614). Mahmd Psh, his
sccess, etns witht sccess fm the siege f Eivn, in 1024
(1616). In 1026 (1616) Kha Psh is ceated gand ve, and the
i stis S tn Ahmed dies in the mnth f Zi kadeh. Ding his
aspicis eign Is mb enjyed the geatest tanqi ity. One f
his gandest mnments is the msqe which he bi t in the At-maidn
(Hipdme), which we ae nw abt t descibe and ths esme the
desciptin f the impeia msqes with which we cmmenced. It is
sitated n an e evated spt, its Kib a side being nea the Chate d
gate, and cmmanding a view f the sea. S tn Ahmed pchased five
ves pa aces which std n this spt, p ed them dwn, and with
the b essed Mahmd Efend, f Sctai, and  teache Ev iya Efend,
aid the fndatins f this msqe. he S tn himse f tk a qantity
f eath, and thew it pn the fndatin. Ev iya Efend pefmed the
fnctins f the Imm f the fndatin-ceemny; Mahmd Efend thse
f the K (jdge); Ka ende Psh thse f the Mtamid (cnse );
and Kemn-kesh A Psh thse f the Ni (inspect). In thee yeas
they cmmenced the dme.
_Desciptin f the Msqe f S tn Ahmed._

he cp a is seventy feet high and is sppted by f massive

pi as, and f demi cp as. It has n age c mns within ike
thse f Ay Sf and the S emnieh. A ng thee sides f it ns
a ga ey (tabaka) f the cngegatin, sppted by sma c mns,
and ve that a secnd ga ey, fm which is sspended a teb e w
f amps eaching ha f way t the fist ga ey. he mahfi f the
Mans is sppted by sma pi as ike the mahfi f the empe.
he minbe,  p pit, is f vaiegated mab e and sc pted in the
mst tastef manne. On the tp f it is a mst magnificent cwn, and
ve that is sspended a g den banne. he pen fai s in attempting
t descibe the beaty f the mehb, n bth sides f which ae
cand esticks, cntaining ighted cand es each weighing twenty qinta s.
On the eft side f the mehb between tw windws thee is a fine

view f a mst extadinay sqae ck, which is cetain y ne f

the wndes f ceatin. A the windws ae namented with painted
g ass; and behind the tw pi as, as in the S emnieh, thee ae
fntains f eve-f wing wate, whee the faithf may pefm thei
ab tins  satisfy thei thist. he msqe has five gates. On the
ight-hand cne is the gate f the Khatb ( eade f the Khtba).
On the eft-hand cne, beneath the mehb f the S tn, is the gate
f the Imm. w fty gates pen n bth sides f the bi ding. he
ascent t these f gates is by a f ight f mab e steps. he fifth
and agest gate is that f the Kib a, facing the mehb. N msqe can
bast f sch pecis hanging naments as thse f this, which by the
eaned in jewe s ae va ed at ne hnded teasies f Egypt; f
S tn Ahmed being a pince f the geatest genesity and the finest
taste, sed a his jewe s, and the pesents which he eceived fm
feign sveeigns, in namenting the msqe. he mst extadinay
naments ae the six emea d cande aba which ae sspended in the
empes mehb, and which wee sent as a pesent by Jafe Psh,
the gven f Abyssinia. he sckets, each f which weighs eight
_kkas_, ae sspended by g den chains, and teminate in g den feet
with geen ename . he expeienced and eaned have estimated the va e
f each f these cande aba eqa t ne yeas tibte f Rme . In
sht, it is a mst wndef and cst y msqe, and t descibe it
baff es the e qence f any tnge. Sme hnded cpies f the Kn
ying nea the mehb, n gi t desks in aid with mthe--pea , ae
pesents fm s tns and ves. he ibay cnsists f 9,000 v mes
maked with the tgha f the S tn, the cae f which is entsted
t the Mtave (cat) f the msqe. On the tside, facing
the mehb, is a mst de ightf gaden, whee the sweet ntes f a
thsand nightinga es give ife t the dead-heated, and the fagant
d f its f wes and fits gatifies the senses f the faithf
assemb ed t paye. he sie f the msqe is the same as that f the
pinces f S emn. he ct is a sqae paved with mab e, and has
stne benches nning a ng the f sides. he windws ae gaded
with bass gatings: in the cente f the sqae p ays a fntain f
the pest wate, f the se f the faithf : it is hweve n y
sed f dinking, nt f ab tins. he ct has thee gates. he
kib a gate, facing the chief entance and mehb f the msqe, is a
mastepiece f at, being f s id bass, twe ve feet high, and the
astnishment f a wh beh d it. On the bass p ates which fm this
gate ae caved anges and aabesqes, inteming ed with f wes
f pe si ve and with pecis stnes, and namented with ings,
cks, and bas f si ve. It is indeed a mst wndef gate. Sme
say that it was bght fm Osteghn (Gn), whee it adned the
Rman chch; bt this is a mistake, f the fams gate at Osteghn
was caied ff when the infide s etk that city, and it nw adns,
as the chief-d, the chch f St. Stephen at ienna. he gate f
this msqe was made nde the speintendence f my fathe, Devsh
Mhammed, at the time when he was chief f the g dsmiths. he tw
insciptins n bass wee engaved by his wn hand. On the tside f
the windws f the ct thee ae sevea cveed pches sppted by
sma c mns, in which, when the assemb y within is t geat, many
f the faithf pefm thei devtins; and the Hind faks find
she te. he six fty mins f this msqe ae divided int sixteen
sties, becase it is the sixteenth ya msqe f Is mb , and the
fnde f it, S tn Ahmed, was the sixteenth f the Ottman empes.
w mins ise n the ight and eft f the mehb, tw thes n the
nth and sth gates f the ct, each thee sties high, which
make in a twe ve sties. he fs and gi ded cescents, which ae
twenty cbits high, da e the eye with thei sp end. he tw mins
n the cnes f the ct ae we and have n y tw sties; thei

fs ae cveed with ead. On the saced nights these six mins
ae ighted p with 12,000 amps, s that they esemb e as many fiey
cypesses. he cp as ae a cveed with ead. his msqe being
ich y fnded, has seven hnded and fifty attendants attached t it.
he tibte f Gha ata and many the pis beqests (wakf) cnstitte
its evene. he tside f the ct is a age sandy eve p anted
with tees, and snded by a wa which has eight gates. On the
nth is the gate f the c ege, and nea it is the mas em f
S tn Ahmed. hee gates pen twads the At-maidn (Hippdme).
A these gates ae made f in ike thse f a ftess. On the
sth-east f the At-maidn ae the pis estab ishments be nging
t the msqe, the kitchen f the p (imet), the dining-ha
(d--fat), the hspita (tm-khneh), and the fntain-hse
(seb -khneh).
S tn Ahmed died befe the te ct, the mas em, and the
c ege wee cmp eted. hey wee finished by his bthe and
sccess S tn Mstaf, wh, hweve, being vey weak-minded, was
sn cmpe ed t abdicate the thne in fav f his nephew Othmn
Khn, the e dest f S tn Ahmeds sns. He ascended the thne in
the yea 1027 (1617). In the same yea Mhammed Ghe Khn f the
Cimea effected his escape fm the Seven wes, and f ed t Pvd,
whee hweve he was etaken. he Ms em amy mached t Eivn, and
a peace was cnc ded with the Pesians. In 1028 (1618) Sf Mhammed
Psh became gand ve, and in the f wing yea he was scceeded
by Kapdn A Psh. In the yea 1030 the Bsphs was fen ve;
Othmn ki ed his bthe; and Hsain Psh was made gand ve.
_he Impeia Expeditin against Htn._
S tn Othmn having in 1030 (1620) fai ed in his attempt t edce the
ftess f Htn, etned t Is mb , and in the f wing yea he
deed the bannes t be aised at Uskd, as a sign f his maching
t the sthen pvinces f the empie, t Syia and t Egypt. his
cased a ev t amngst the tps, and the empe finding n sppt,
eithe in the se (pa ace)  in the baacks f the Janissaies,
was thst int a cat by the west e Bnyn and stang ed within the
wa s f the Seven wes. he Jebbehj-bsh ct ff ne f his eas
and caied it with the news f his mde t Dvd Psh. His bdy was
bied in the At-maidn in the mas em f S tn Ahmed Khn. He was
ct ff by fate befe he c d eave any mnment f his eign.
S tn Mstaf nw ascended the thne a secnd time, and cmmenced
his eign by execting a thse wh had taken any shae in the mde
f S tn Othmn. Khaja Oma Efend, the chief f the ebe s, the
Ki a-gh S emn Agh, the ve Di ve Psh, the Km-makm
Ahmed Psh, the defted Bk Psh, the segbn-bsh Nash Agh,
and the genea f the Janissaies A Agh, wee ct t pieces.
Dvd Psh was ceated gand ve becase he was the sn f S tn
Mstafs siste. He was aftewads ki ed by Md I . In the same
night the white enchs a s ct thei gh int pieces, thew the bdy
t, and aftewads sspended it by the feet n the sepent-c mn in
the At-maidn.

he mst distingished divines ding the eign f S tn Othmn wee:
he Shaikh a Is m Asad Efend; the Nakb  Ashaf  head f the
Ems Ghb Efend; Zekei Zdeh Yah Efend; and A Zdeh H et
Efend.

he Meshiekh, 
Devsh Efend.

eaned men, wee: Oma Efend; Svs Efend, and

Dvd Psh was nminated gand ve, bt was instant y depsed

becase that n the vey day f his appintment the ebe s p ndeed
sme thsands f espectab e hses. Lefke Mstaf Psh eceived
the sea s, and kept them tw mnths and eighteen days, he was
sbseqent y appinted t the gvenments f Kastamn and Nicmedia.
He was f a gent e dispsitin, and nab e t check the ebe is
spiit f the times. he ffice f gand ve was next cnfeed
pn Kaa Hsain Psh. his ve assemb ed a divn f a the
M s in the msqe f Mhammed II., bt they wee a mdeed by
the ebe is pp ace, and thei bdies thwn int the we s in
the ct f the msqe. he ebe in inceased evey day, and evey
ne disegaded the aws. Aba Psh a s aised the standad f
ebe in at Eem; and the ve Mahmd Psh was sent against him.
he Pesians tk pssessin f Baghdd and Ms . Hfi Ahmed Psh
etned witht scceeding in taking Baghdd fm the Pesians. he
Aabian tibe f  p ndeed the Pesian camp. Kaa Hsain Psh had
the sea s f ffice taken fm him: they wee tansfeed t Kemn-kesh
A Psh in 1032 (1622). Afte a eign f ne yea and f mnths,
S tn Mstaf was depsed a secnd time, and was scceeded by S tn
Md I . He was ta and cp ent, nd-faced, with a b ack bead,
pen eye-bws, and gey eyes. He had age sh des and a thin waist,
stng ams, and a hand ike the paw f a in. N mnach f the
Ottmans was eve s pwef in sbding ebe s, maintaining amies,
and in dea ing jstice. Being awae that the ve Kemn-kesh A Psh
secet y faved the ebe s, he s ew him witht mecy. his ve
was a native f Hamd, and eft the ya haem when he was appinted
gven f Baghdd and Dbek, whence he etned as sccess t
Kaa Hsain the gand ve. He fe a victim t his wn avaice,
and was scceeded by Chekess Mhammed Psh, wh died at kt in
1034 (1624). Afte him Hfi Ahmed Psh was made gand ve. he
Gegian Beg M ki ed the Pesian Khn Kchegh, and sbded
Gegia. Hfi Ahmed Psh besieged Baghdd, bt t n ppse, in
1035 (1625). Kha Psh eceived the sea s f ffice a secnd time,
and was appinted cmmande-in-chief against Aba. Dsh enk Hsain,
wh had mached against Kas t esce it fm the infide s, fe a
maty, and his wh e amy was pt t t. Khsa Psh was next made
gand ve, and tk Eem fm the ebe Aba, and Akhiska fm
the Pesians. He bght Aba befe S tn Md in 1038 (1628),
and btained the ya padn f him. He then mached t Shehe ,
bi t the cast e f Ekek Hamd n the fnties f Shehe , edced
Mehebn, p ndeed the Pesian pvinces and twenty cast es nea
Bejn, and aid waste the sbbs f Hamadn and Degen in the
yea 1039 (1629). he yea afte, Khsa Psh scceeded in pening
the tenches befe Baghdd, bt it being the midd e f winte, he
was b iged t aise the siege and t eteat t He a and Ms . He
was then depsed, and his ffice was given a secnd time t Hfi
Ahmed Psh, whi st he himse f was exected at kt. Rajab Psh was
made gand ve; and the defted Mstaf Psh was hanged with his
head dwnwads in the At-maidn. Hfi Ahmed Psh was stabbed in the
S tns pesence, and ct t pieces. he Agh f the Janissaies,
Hasan Kha ifeh, and Ms Che eb the empes favite, wee bth
pt t death. Yass Mhammed Psh was ceated a ve in 1041 (1631).
S tn Md had a deam in which he eceived a swd fm the hand
f Oma, with which he s ew the Shaikh a Is m Hsain, and then with
a bismi ah (in the name f Gd) fe pn the ebe s and ki ed them
a . In 1044 S tn Md mached t Eivn, and tk ab and the
twn f Eivn in seven days; he eft Mte Psh with a gaisn

f 40,000 men, and etned t Is mb . His entance was ce ebated
in 1045 (1634) by a festiva f seven days. he i -faved Shh (f
Pesia) hweve etned and aid siege t Eivn, which being eft
witht sfficient stength, afte a siege f seven mnths fe int
the hands f the infide s, wh pt the wh e f the gaisn t the
swd. S tn Md, n eceiving the me anch y news, tk the sea s
fm Mhammed Psh and appinted him gven f Si istia. he sea s
wee tansfeed t Baim Psh, wh hweve died sn afte, and
was scceeded by ayy Psh.  him was entsted a the necessay
pepaatins f the expeditin against Baghdd, which was ndetaken
by the empe in pesn. ayy Psh was ki ed ding the siege,
which asted fty days. He was scceeded by the Kapdn Kaa Mstaf
Psh. Me ek Ahmed Psh, ate sa ihd,  swd-beae f the
S tn, was appinted t the cmmand f Dbek, and Kchk Hasan
Psh t that f Baghdd, with a gaisn f 40,000 men. By the decee
f Gd, when afte the fa f Baghdd a geat nmbe f Kii bshes
(ed-heads  Pesians) had assemb ed and wee pepaing t make an
attack at ne f the gates, a age pwde magaine exp ded, and ths
the b d f the te be ieves which had been shed at Eivn was
f y avenged. Kaa Mstaf Psh the gand ve, and my d Me ek
Ahmed Psh, wee sent t Deneh and Deteng, t cnc de the teaty
with the Pesians, and t fix the bnday ines. S tn Md Khn,
next went t Dbek, whee in ne day he pt t death the daghte
f Kmj Man Ogh , and the Shaikh f Rmieh. He then etned t
the Pte f Fe icity (Cnstantinp e), n which ccasin seven days
wee spent in genea festivity. Abt this time S tn Md, having
epented f his wine-dinking ppensity, by way f expiatin, es ved
pn an expeditin against the infide s f Ma ta, and deed five
hnded ga eys, tw age mnas, and ne admia s ship (bshtida)
t be bi t. his same yea the gand ve Mstaf Psh etned t
Cnstantinp e, and the empe, fgetting his vws f epentance,
again fe int the vice f dnkenness, and his ya cnstittin
being thgh y weakened, he died afte having been d f the
capet (_i.e._ cnfined t bed) fteen days. May Gd have mecy pn
him! He was bied in the mas em f his i stis gandfathe
S tn Ahmed, in the At-maidn. Sevea chngams f his death ae
inscibed by J, n the wa s f the inne apatments in the se.
He had thity-tw chi den, f whm n y ne, the S tna Esmahn
K, emained a ive at his death. She t died afte he maiage
with Me ek Ahmed Psh, and was bied at Ay Sfa between S tn
Ibhm and S tn Mstaf. S tn Mds eign having been exteme y
tb ent, and being cnstant y engaged in wa ike pepaatins in
evey qate, he had n pptnity f aising t himse f any mnment
f imptance in Is mb . he n y pb ic wk exected in his eign
was the epaiing f the wa s f Is mb , which was ndetaken by
his expess des ding his absence at the siege f Eivn by the
Km-makm Baim Psh. He epaied the cast es f Ms , Shehe ,
Cheng-ahmed, eneds, and f the Bsphs, and at Is mb the
G -jmi (se-msqe).
_Desciptin f the G -Jmi._

his is a vey ancient msqe, and was knwn in the times f

Han--ashd, Oma ben Abd- -a, Ms emah, S tn Ye dem
Byad, and S tn Mhammed the cnqe. In the eign f S tn
Md Khn a geat eathqake s shk it that its fndatins wee
cmp ete y destyed, and the empe immediate y ndetk t epai
it. Sevea thsand wkmen wee emp yed pn it, and in seven yeas
it was cmp eted. Sevea sma cp as wee added t the pincipa

ne, whence it assmed the appeaance f a se, and thence its name.
It was a s washed with an hnded meases f se-wate. he mehb
and minbe ae exteme y p ain. hee ae n ganite c mns in it
as in the the msqes. On accnt f the geat antiqity f this
msqe, payes in distess f ain and n extadinay ccasins
ae ffeed p in it. On bth sides f the gate f the Kib a (facing
the mehb) thee ae benches. hee is n ct-yad. he msqe has
n y ne min f bt ne sty high; f the igina bi ding having
been destyed by an eathqake, they wee afaid t eect any fty
bi ding pn the spt.
Besides the abve msqe, Md bi t tw new cast es n the
Bsphs, nea the entance t the B ack Sea, with an asena and a
msqe pptinate t thei sie. At Kandi -bghcheh he bi t a
age kshk, anthe at Istvs, and ne in the gadens f Uskd
(Sctai), which was ca ed the kshk f Eivn.
_Chn gica accnt f the pincipa Events ding the Reign f
S tn Md I ._
S tn Mstaf Khn ascended the thne n the depsitin f his
bthe the nftnate Othmn, wh thgh he was cnsideed
weak-minded, was athe an inte igent pince, bt nftnate y had
nt sfficient stength t extingish the fie f seditin which had
been kind ed in his time, n t sbde the ev tinay spiit f
his tps. he Janissaies at the instigatin f ne f thei ghs,
Kaa Mak, gave the sea s t Dvd Psh, aftewads t Kaa Hsain
Psh, and then t Lefke Mstafa Psh. he atte having a s fai ed
in qe ing the its, was depsed afte having been seventy-eight
days in ffice: and the ebe s then tansfeed the sea s t Gj
Mhammed Psh. Bt as he was detected in making an imppe se f
the pb ic mney, the sea s wee etned t Kaa Hsain Psh. his
pesn was a geat tyant, and having in a ya divn, in the pesence
f the tw geat jdges, deed tw hnded ashes f the bastinad
t be inf icted pn a M , the wh e bdy f the U em, with the
Shaikh-a -Is m, assemb ed in the msqe f S tn Mhammed II. he
mfti, hweve, made his escape, nde the petence that he was ging
t emnstate with the gand ve, wh in the mean time having head
f this assemb age, deed his wn sevants, thse f the teasy,
and sme tps, t assai the assemb ed U em. he es t was that
many hndeds f the U em wee s ain, and the we s in the ct f
the msqe f S tn Mhammed wee fi ed with dead bdies. hese
affais having becme knwn in the pvinces, Aba Psh ebe ed at
Eem, and Hfi Ahmed Psh at Dbek. It having been med
that, in de t avenge the inncent b d f S tn Othmn, Aba had
ki ed a the Janissaies at Eem, Jegh eh Zdeh was appinted
cmmande against Aba, and Kaa Mak gh f the Janissaies; bt
they pceeded n fathe than Bsa, feaing they had nt sfficient
stength t meet the ebe . he Pesians taking advantage f these
favab e pptnities, made an inad with 30,000 men, and with
the assistance f Chp Bekideh tk pssessin f Baghdd and
Ms , in the yea 1033 (1623). Kemn-kesh A Psh was aised t
the ank f gand ve. He had been ne f the we ffices f the
Janissaies, and had aised himse f t the hn f an a iance with
ne f the daghtes f S tn Ahmed. he Janissaies and Siphs nw
nited, and Kemn-kesh was made the t f thei b dy designs. he
pincipa inhabitants, hweve, f the city, the U em, and the pep e
f the se, wee afaid t appea eithe at the msqes  at the
baths. At ast the chiefs f the tps began t meditate the change f

thei empe; bt as the pb ic teasy had been exhasted by thee

genea dnatins t the tps since the time f S tn Ahmeds eign,
they swe amngst themse ves t dispense with the sa agess, and
aised S tn Md t the thne, n the 14th f Zi kadeh 1032. A new
aspect was nw given t the capita , and  d and yng ejiced in the
aspicis event. On the f wing day S tn Md epaied t the
msqe f Ayib, whee tw swds wee gided n him; ne being that
f S tn Se m, and the the that f the b essed Pphet (n whm be
the peace f Gd!): n mnach was eve git in this manne. On his
etn he enteed by the Adianp e gate, and in passing he sa ted
the pep e wh had assemb ed in cwds n his ight and eft, and
eceived him with d acc amatins. He then pceeded t the se,
in the inne apatment f which he sa ted the Khika-shef,  c ak
f the Pphet; p aced n his head the tban f Ysf  Jseph, (n
whm be peace!) which had been bght t Is mb fm the tease
f the Egyptian S tn Gh; he then ffeed p a paye f tw
inc inatins, in which he payed that he might be acceptab e t Gd and
the pep e, and be enab ed t pefm imptant sevices t e igin
and t the state. hgh yng in yeas (being n y f yeas), he was
emakab e f pdence and inte igence. he Khs-da-bsh (maste
f the inne chambe), the Khaneh-d-bsh (chief tease), the
Khaneh Ktib (secetay f the teasy), and the Khaneh Kehiys
(depty f the tease) nw appached his pesence, and invited
him, as is sa n sch ccasins, t visit the teasy. Devsh
Mhammed Ze e , the fathe f the hmb e ath, happening t be
pesent at the time, enteed the teasy with them. hee wee n
g den vesse s t be seen, and besides a qantity f mbe, thee wee
fnd n y six pses f mney (30,000 piastes), a bag f ca , and
a chest f china-wae. On seeing this, S tn Md fi ed the empty
teasy with his teas, and having made tw pstatins in paye, he
said Insha ah, p ease Gd! I wi ep enish this teasy with the
ppety f thse wh have spi ed it, and estab ish fifty teasies
in additin. He cntived, hweve, the same day t aise 3,040
pses f the sa agess, which was distibted amngst the tps
ntwithstanding thei ath nt t accept f it. hat same night S tn
Md had a deam, in which he saw Oma, wh git a swd abt him,
and nsheathing it, pt it int his hand, and said: Fea nt Md!
On awakening fm his s eep, he banished his nc e S tn Mstaf t
Esk Se, te ing him at the same time t pay f his (Mds)
pspeity. S tn Md made many excsins in disgise thght
the city, accmpanied by Me ek Ahmed Agh his swd-beae, and jd
the Bstnj Bsh, n which ccasins many its pesns and bbes
wee exected and thei heads stck pn p es. Md was the mst
b dy f the Ottman S tns. He phibited a the cffee, wine,
and ba-hses, and evey day sme hndeds f men wee exected f
tansgessing this de.
In Anat ia, Aba Psh edced the stength f the disaffected
Janissaies and Siphs by nmes exectins. he emainde f the
ebe s desiing t be en ed amngst the tps, wee sent int the
pvinces, whee they gada y disappeaed: sme having been exected,
thes became stdents, ptes  devshes, and thes migated. In
the yea 1033 (1623) the Shaikh  Is m Yehiy Efend was degaded
at the instigatin f the gand ve Kemn Kesh A Psh, and Ahmed
Efend was appinted t scceed him. he ves Kha and Gj
Mhammed wee impisned in the same yea, bt wee ibeated n the
S tns being cnvinced that they wee nt cncened in the ebe in
f Aba Psh. Bt Kemn Kesh, pesming pn his having been the
means f aising the S tn t the thne, st sight f the espect
de t his sveeign, and engaged in many disptes with him: he was

theefe impisned in a pat f the pa ace, ca ed the Sicheh-se,

and aftewads pt t death. Chekess Mhammed Psh was named
cmmande-in-chief against Aba Psh, and mached twads Wn. He
was a mst faithf and amiab e man, and was neqa ed by any ve.
he same yea he gave batt e t Aba Psh nea Csaea, and fced
him t eteat t Eem, whee he tk p his esidence. Chekess
Mhammed died in 1034, and was bied at Mdn. His sccess, Hfi
Ahmed Psh, appinted Khsa Psh Agh f the Janissaies. In the
same yea Kachagh Khn was ted by the pince f Gegia, and
bght befe Hfi Ahmed Psh, then at Dbek, whence he was sent,
with a the dms and standads which had been taken, t S tn Md.
Ma, the pince f Gegia, was invested with a be f hn.

he siege f Baghdd having cmmenced, the Ms em tps had the
city befe them, and behind, the camp f the pince Is, the sn
f the Pesian Shh. he atte fnd means t thw twenty thsand
Maanden tps int the cast e, and made a night attack pn the
Ms ems. he Ottman amy being ths between tw fies, sffeing
fm the geatest scacity f pvisins, and snded by desets,
was g ad t avai itse f f an pptnity t make a safe eteat
t Dbek. he S tn being high y disp eased at this mvement,
dismissed Hfi Psh, and gave the sea s a secnd time t Kha
Psh. Whi st the tps wee in winte qates at kt, inte igence
was eceived that Akhiska had fa en int the hands f the enemy.
Kha Psh immediate y despatched Dsh en Hsain Psh with ten
thsand chsen men, and wte at the same time by the expess des
f the empe t Aba Psh, diecting him t mach with Hsain Psh
t e ieve Akhiska. Aba, hweve, feaing the wh e was a p t, and
sppsing that Hsain was sent against him, invited him t a feast
in the cast e, whee he mdeed him, and attacked his tps, many
thsands f whm qaffed the cp f matydm, and the emainde f ed
naked and in the geatest distess t kt. he news having eached
Cnstantinp e, and Abas ebe in being evident, an impeia
de was issed t a the ves and Pshs t besiege Aba Psh
in Eem, nde the diectin f the gand ve Kha Psh. As,
hweve, they had nt mch ati ey, the Ottman amy sffeed geat
incnvenience fm the feqent attacks f Aba fm the city, and
many thsands f the Janissaies fe . In this state, a temends
stm f snw bied the tents, and a genea disaffectin aising
amng the tps, the siege was aised, and they eteated, psed by
Abas men. At Habs and Mmkhtn they wee vetaken by the enemy,
wh ct ff the hands and feet f many thsands f the Ottmans, and
thew them int a we , which t this day is ca ed the we f hands
and feet (C h Dast P). his we is nea the tmb f Mmkhtn.
S tn Md was geat y disp eased with this news, and in 1038 (1628)
tansfeed the sea s f ffice t Khsa Psh the Bsnian. Aba
Psh (nt the ebe , bt the sa ihd  swd-beae f the S tn)
was named gh f the Janissaies, and sent against Aba the ebe ,
t demand the evacatin f Akhiska. He stpped befe Eem t
pevent any cmmnicatin, and t gad the tenches, est Aba, when
had pessed, sh d evince any inc inatin t de ive the ftess
t the Pesians. Fty thsand bave wais wee emp yed in
attacking it, with seven batteies f heavy gns. Many f the gaisn
nw began t cme ve t the Ottman camp, whee they wee eceived
with geat kindness. his kind teatment had s gd an effect, that
the wh e gaisn sendeed, and c aimed the pwef ptectin
f the Osmn s. he  em and a the inhabitants nw came t f
the city and imp ed Khsa Psh t spae them, accding t the
saying, Padn is the chicest f we f victy. On the 9th f
Mhaem the victis amy enteed the city, and befe winte set

in they epaied a the wa s. Kanan Psh was eft t keep it with

a gaisn f fifty thsand men. By the assistance f Ma Khn the
ftess f Akhiska was a s edced; and the gvenment f Chi de was
given t Sefe Psh.
When the news f these sp endid victies eached the impeia ea,
des wee given t bing the ebe Aba Psh befe the impeia
stip. It was n the day f a gand divn, when many thsands
wee assemb ed befe thei agst empe. he empe said: O th
infide ! wheefe hast th f s many yeas ce y ppessed the
faithf , and by thy bstinacy and ebe in cased the destctin f
s many thsands f bave men? Aba Psh kissed the gnd thee
times, and said: My empe! f the sake f the h y pphet, and by
the s s f thy i stis ancests, I beseech thee t shw fav
t me, and padn me whi st I ay befe thee the gief f my heat.
he empe having gacis y ganted this eqest, Aba pceeded
as f ws: My empe! at the time y bave bthe Othmn f
g is memy, actated by a ea f the te faith, ndetk
the campaign f Htn, in de t be avenged n his enemies, he saw
that the Janissaies, thgh few in nmbe, wee we paid. He wished
t eview them, bt they w d nt cnsent. Aftewads, when with a
thsand diffic ties the empe pened the tenches, the Janissaies
made it as p ain as day that they wee the enemies f the faith,
inasmch as they cnstant y assciated with the infide s, t whm
they sent fd, and eceived wine in etn. he gven f Bde,
Kaa Ksh Psh, was ki ed, and his amy dispesed, witht thei
ffeing the east assistance; and they even sent t the t Khn,
wh was cming t the assistance f the impeia amy, eqesting him
t s acken his mach instead f acce eating it. Sme f the ves
seied sevea spies wh wee paid by the Janissaies, bght them
int the pesence f y bthe Othmn, and ki ed them befe his
eyes. It was in this manne that the siege f s sma a ftess as
Htn was abandned by thei taking t f ight. Seven thsand pses,
and many hnded thsands f Ottman sbjects wee st, tgethe with
the g y f the S tn, against whm they ebe ed n his etn t
Is mb . When S tn Othmn went t thei msqe, the Ota-jme, he
was assai ed with the mst absive angage; and when he he d by ne
f the windws n the eft side f the mehb, whi st he eanest y
appea ed f assistance fm the pep e f Mhammed, an abject wetch,
wse than an infide , and f the ignmins name f Peh evn, ths
ins ted him: Othmn Che eb! y ae a fine by; cme a ng with
s t Ysf Shhs cffee-hse  t  baacks. Othmn Khn nt
accepting this impdent invitatin, the adacis fe w stck the
am with which the empe he d the windw a b w which bke it.
Fm the msqe they caied him in a cat t the Seven wes, whee
he was babas y teated, and at ast mst ce y pt t death by
Peh evn. Whi st his saced bdy was expsed pn an  d mat, the
Jebbehj-bsh, Kfi Agh ct ff his ight ea, and a Janissay ne
f his finges, f the sake f the ing pn it. he fme bght
the ea and the finge t Dvd Psh, wh ewaded the beae f
sch acceptab e news with a pse f mney. he Jebbehj-bsh said
t Dvd Psh: My d, may y name be eve asting in the w d,
and may the fami y f the Dvds a ways be in pwe. F this wish he
was ewaded with the p ace f gh f the Janissaies, and acta y
enteed int a p an t aise his wn sn, S emn Beg, t the thne
f the Ottmans; and pmised the Janissaies that, instead f the
b e c th f Sa nik, they sh d wea fine sca et c th. his sty
having cic ated thght the city, it aised the indignatin and
excited the geatest gief in the heats f a te be ieves and
faithf sbjects. A mb f Ajem-gh ns and Janissaies assemb ed at

the msqe f S tn Mhammed II., and thee ki ed many thsands f

the eaned and wthy divines, and thew thei bdies int the we s:
the hses a s f many hnest men wee entie y pi aged. On heaing
f these deadf events, I endeaved t a eviate the gief f my
heat, cased by the matydm f sch a mnach as S tn Othmn. It
was then that a ea t shw I was deseving f his bead and sa t,
tk pssessin f y (tt) Aba, and I instant y es ved
pn avenging the inncent b d f S tn Othmn. Having at that time
been appinted gven f Eem by y nc e S tn Mstaf, I was
in the habit f ffeing p my dai y payes in the msqe f the ate
L eh Psh. I head the ebe is Janissaies saying, Aba L eh,
y g t the ki s (chch) f y neaest e atin L eh. hs
they daed t ca that nb e msqe a chch! When I went thgh
the city, they cied t sh! sh! as if they wee speaking t
baking dgs; bt it was intended f me. I petended, hweve, t
take n ntice f it, and cntined t shw them many favs. Sti ,
my empe, I was ins ted in a thsand ways. hey bght kabb
(ast meat) and wine t the divn, and said, Aba, we ae cme t
y p ay-hse t make a feast, t dance and sing t y msic. I
sffeed even this pfanatin f the impeia divn, and pvided them
with efeshments. hey then began t p nde the hses and shps f
the wea thy, and I have, my empe, the ega attestatins f the
depedatins they cmmitted in this way. Hee Aba handed ve t the
S tn the ega dcments. My empe, he cntined, this mtins
state f the Janissaies did nt escape the ntice f the Pesian
shh, wh taking advantage f it, besieged the ftess f Akhiska. I
immediate y es ved t e ieve it: bt nt a sing e Janissay w d
mve fm the wine taven,  the b-hse; and the cnseqence was,
that the Pesians tk pssessin f this nb e ftess, which had
been s g is y taken by S tn Se m. My beg ebegs being ike
myse f disgsted with the dastad y cndct f the Janissaies, nited
themse ves with me by s emn ath t avenge the b d f S tn Othmn,
and each swe t sbde the Janissaies nde him. On an appinted
day I f fi ed my ath, tk pssessin f the intei ftess f
Eem, sbded the Janissaies, and became thei maste. In the mean
time the begs and ves, wh had taken the same b igatin, deseted
me. Fm that h my affais have evey day becme wse. his, my
empe, is a te statement f my cndct. Whateve I have dne has
been fm a pe ea , f the best inteests f the Sb ime Pte.
Y sevant Aba, a p s ave bght f seventy piastes, is nt
ambitis t btain dminin in the w d thgh ebe in.

hs did Aba, witht fea, b d y detai a the patic as f his

cndct, in the pesence f the empe and many thsand spectats.
He then kissed the gnd, cssed his hands ve his beast, bwed
his head, and was si ent. he empe istened t his discse with
the geatest attentin, and when eminded f the me anch y matydm
f S tn Othmn he shed teas f b d, and sighed s deep y, that
a wh wee pesent st thei senses. he S tn pceeded t ask
him: Bt afte the batt e with my Chekess Mhammed Psh at
Csaea, when I nt n y padned y, bt gave y the gvenment f
Eem, why did y ki s many exce ent men that wee sent with
Dsh en Hsain Psh? why did y make wa against my , Kha
Psh? and why did y nt give p the cast e, and cme t b y
fehead n my stip? Aba ep ied: My S tn! nt ne f thse
genea s wh wee sent against me, knew hw t keep thei tps
in ppe discip ine. hey p ndeed wheeve they went, ike the
ntis ebe s, Yj Ka ende Ogh and Sad Aab; they cwded
evey day nd the tent f thei genea with sme new c aims; they
wee a a seditis set, t whm I was afaid t tst myse f; and

instead f devting myse f t a ebe is m titde, wh knew n aw,

I thght it mch safe t ppse them as pen enemies. When, hweve,
I head that L Khsa Psh was cming fm kt with an impeia
cmmissin, and my spies nanims y beaing witness t his jstice,
and his detemined ppsitin t the vi ains, I knew that he was a
pefect man, and I was veawed by his pwe and dignity. He came t
Eem ike a w f against a sheep, pened the tenches, and attacked
the ftess with seven batteies. Night and day I kept my eyes n the
tenches, bt neve saw a sing e man eave them t g t p nde the
vi ages, the camp being abndant y spp ied with pvisins by the
peasants in the snding vi ages. I saw nne f the vi ages n
fie; bt evey evening the ftihat (the fist chapte f the Kn)
was ead in evey tent, and the payes wee ffeed p at the five
appinted hs. Fme cmmandes neve maintained any discip ine in
thei camp; the neighbing vi ages wee destyed by fie; and when
afte thee mnths they effected an entance int the tenches, they
fied a few gns and etned t it in thei tents, fm which wee
head, night and day, the snd f msica instments, and the shts
f Amenian wmen and bys. Obseving this state f affais, I made
nmes nctna excsins, fm which I genea y etned with
p enty f p nde, and a geat nmbe f Janissaies heads with which I
adned the twes f the cast e. As winte came n they deseted thei
cmmande, and etned t thei hmes. When, hweve, I saw the jst
and pight chaacte f Khsa Psh, I said, Hee is a cmmande
wh jst y deseves the name! and I hastened t his camp t ffe my
beisance. Paise be t Gd, I was nt mistaken in my gd pinin f
him, f afte s ng a stay in the midst f an amy nmes as the
waves f the sea, I have been cndcted in safety t the pesence f
my empe, whse cmmands I nw wait. Beh d what my ea f y
g y has ged me t d! he swd hangs ve my neck: I have cme
fm Eem as y devted victim! Saying this, he kne t dwn with
his face diected twads the kib a, and began t ecite the cnfessin
f faith. When the wh e ct, the ves, the  em, the mft
Yahia, and the gand ve Khsa Psh, peceived that the empe
was p eased with Abas hmb e sbmissin, and that his ange had
sbsided, they thew themse ves at the ft f the thne, beseeching
padn f Aba. his intecessin had the desied effect: the empe
nt n y padned Aba, bt appinted him gven f Bsnia. he
ves, ems, and seni ffices f the amy that had ndetaken the
expeditin against Aba, wee ewaded with bes f hn. Aba was
sn afte emved fm the gvenment f Bsnia, t that f Si istia.
Afte an nsccessf expeditin against Kamienik he was eca ed t
Is mb , whee he sn became the mst cnfidentia advise f the
S tn. One day when the Janissaies wee dissatisfied with the S tn
and w d nt eat thei sp, Aba said, Give me eave, my empe,
and I wi make them eat nt n y thei sp, bt even the dishes.
S tn Md having given him pemissin, he appeaed in the divn; n
which a mm was head fm the anks f the Janissaies, wh began
t eat thei sp with sch avidity as if they w d have swa wed
the vey dishes: s geat was the awe which his appeaance and name
excited amngst the Janissaies. When an expeditin against Eem was
ppsed, a ept was spead amngst the Janissaies that Aba was
kept n y t in them. If the empe wishes t cnqe Eem,
said they, et him d s with Aba. his mtins spiit f the
Janissaies at ast fced the S tn t sbmit t them, and t give
p Aba, wh was ne mning dessed in a white shit and de iveed
ve t the Bstnj Bsh, by whm he was pt t death. His bdy was
pb ic y inteed nea the msqe f S tn Byad, nt fa fm
the ink-makes w in the distict f Md Psh. hs he eceived
accding t his actins. May Gd have mecy pn him!

_A cis Anecdte._
In the yea 1056 (1646), when S emn Psh was gven f Eem,
and I, the hmb e Ev iy, was with him, Aba Psh again made his
appeaance n his etn fm Pesia. S emn Psh immediate y
assigned him an a wance, and epted the case t the Sb ime Pte.
Aba began t find t his  d acqaintances, and sn became the
chief f a paty t whm he e ated a his emakab e adventes.
Accding t his accnt, S tn Md being b iged t yie d t the
Janissaies, wh efsed t mach t Eem s ng as Aba was
in the camp, tk anthe man, whm he dessed in a white shit,
and had him exected instead f Aba, by the Ojk Bstnj-bsh.
Aba himse f was taken in a ga ey t Ga ip , whence he sai ed
n bad an A geine ship-f-wa. He sn aftewads btained the
cmmand f that ship, and f seven yeas was a fmidab e piate in
the Achipe ag. On the vey day n which S tn Md died, he was
beaten at the Cape f emenis by a Danish ship, and emained seven
yeas a pisne amngst the Danes. He was then s d t the Ptgese,
with whm f thee yeas he sai ed abt in the Indian cean, and
tched at the Abyssynian cast, whee he st his ship. He thence
went t India, China, the cnty f the Ca mcks, Khsn, Ba kh,
Bkh, Isfahn, and Eem, t the gven f which twn he e ated
the wh e f his adventes, in a manne which excited my geatest
astnishment. S emn Pshs ept having eached the empe S tn
Ibahm, he asked the Ojk Bstnj Bsh (the chief exectine)
whethe he ec ected having exected Aba in the time f S tn
Md. he exectine ep ied that he had exected a pesn in a
white shit whse name was said t be Aba, that the sa ab tins
afte his death wee pefmed by the imm f the impeia gaden, and
that the bdy was inteed at the mnment f Md Psh. A thsand
stange epts having been aised by this sty, a Kapj-bsh was
immediate y dispatched with a khat-shef (impeia waant); and
n his aiva at Eem, he seied Aba at the gate f the msic
chambe f the we divn, seveed his head fm his bdy, and caied
it t Cnstantinp e. S emn Psh was emved fm Eem, and his
gvenment was given t Mhammed Psh, the sn f Mstaf Psh, wh
was hanged. De Mstaf Agh came in his stead as Msa im, and he
appinted me the inspect f the chaca t a caavan pceeding t
Eivn, f which p ace I set t. Faewe .
Aba Psh having been sbded in the yea 1038 (1628), the gand
ve Khsa Psh mached with an immense amy t p nde the
pvinces f Pesia, and neve even thght f Baghdd. Whi st he
was n his way, and had even es ved pn attacking Isfahn, he
eceived an impeia de t the f wing effect: Sh dst th
bing the Shh himse f in chains t my impeia stip, I sh d nt
be satisfied; if th cnsideest thy head necessay t thee, cnqe
Baghdd, the ancient seat f the Kha ifat, and de ive fm the hands
f the despicab e Pesians, the tmbs f Namn ben hbet, the geat
imm and fnde f  sect, and f the Shaikh Abd Kdi J n.
On accnt f this impeia cmmand, the tenches f Baghdd wee
pened n the 17th f Sefe 1040 (1630); and the siege was cntined
f fty days. he winte hweve having set in, the Ottman amy was
b iged t aise the siege, and t etie t He a, Ms , and Mdn.
In the beginning f sping, whi st Khsa Psh was n his mach t
Eivn, he eceived an impeia fimn eca ing him t Cnstantinp e,
and Mte Psh was appinted gven f Dbek. Khsa Psh
fe sick n his aiva at kt, and was mdeed whi st in bed

by Mte Psh, in the mnth f Shabn 1041 (1631). On the 18th

f Rajab in the same yea, Hfi Psh was again appinted gand
ve. In the same mnth the Janissaies mtinied at Is mb , and
attacked the gand ve Hfi Psh within the impeia gate nea the
hspita . He eteated int the hspita , the gate f which he c sed,
and thence f ed t the impeia gaden, tk the tban and bes f
ceemny f the Bstnj-bsh, and appeaed befe the S tn, t
whm he stated that sme vi ains had attacked him, bt that by ging
his hse against them, he had dispesed them a . Next day, hweve
the ebe in assmed a me seis aspect; the Janissaies began
by taking Hfi Psh fm the empes pesence, and in de t
avenge the death f Khsa Psh, they stabbed him in the cheek with
a dagge, and then te him int a thsand pieces. In the mnth f
Rajab 1040 (1630) Rajab Psh was made gand ve; and Hsain Efend,
Shaikh- -Is m  mft. Rajab Psh was a Bsnian by bith, had been
ceated Bstnj-bsh with the ank f ve, and aftewads Kapdn
Psh. He tk thee age Eng ish ships in the Mediteanean, and
attacked thee hnded Cssack bats in the b ack sea, and psetting
the csses, bght a the bats t Is mb . When Kha Psh, the
gand ve, was appinted cmmande f the expeditin against Aba,
Rajab was Km-makm f Cnstantinp e, and Hasan Psh pefmed the
dties f Kapdn Psh. He bi t a cast e nea the mth f the ive
O (Dneipe), and added a sqae ft t the cast e f Ocakv. He
was a s Km-makm ding the veship f Khsa Psh, and was the
case f Hfi Pshs being ki ed by the Janissaies. Ms Che eb,
ne f the S tns favites, was a s attacked at his instigatin
by the ebe s; he was ki ed and his bdy thwn t n the At-maidn
in 1041 (1631). Hasan Che eb, the Agh f the Janissaies, having
been fnd cncea ed in a cne, was pt t death by the impeia
exectine. In the beginning f Raman the ebe s discveed the
p ace whee the defted Bk Mstaf Psh was cncea ed, ki ed
him, and hanged him n a tee in the At-maidn. It being evident that
Rajab Psh was a tait, having taken the pat f the ebe s wh
ki ed Ms Che eb, he was theefe hanged n his enteing the divn.
On that day I, the p Ev iya, was pesent with my fathe. he ffice
f gand ve was given t abn Yass Mhammed Psh, wh had jst
etned fm Egypt. He was an A banian by bith, and a dependant f
Mstaf Agh, the chief ench f S tn Othmn. He eft the impeia
haem t g as gven f Egypt, whence he was eca ed t eceive
the sea s, and was at ast ki ed whi st gand ve, becase he had
nt hastened t the e ief f Eivn, and had been fnd cncened
in the distbances f M davia and a achia. He was bied nea the
mnment f Eyyb. Baim Psh was made gand ve in his p ace.
He had been bght p as a Janissay at Cnstantinp e. Ding the
veship f abn Yass Mhammed Psh, S tn Md, f wing
the cstm f his ancests, went t Adianp e, t enqie int the
state f the pvinces, and t eceive the enewed teaty f peace
with the empe f Gemany. When abn Yass Mhammed Psh eceived
his appintment as cmmande in the expeditin t Eivn, Baim
Psh was Km-makm. On this ccasin the S tn himse f epaied t
Uskd (Sctai), and began t eign with the wisdm f S mn. My
fathe, an  d and expeienced man, wh had been pesent at the siege
f Siget, eceived the impeia cmmand t jin the amy, and I, the
hmb e Ev iya, accmpanied him. Besides my fathe thee wee sevea
the  d men, wh had witnessed the victies f S tn S emn;
sch as G b Agh, wh ived in the Unkapni (f -maket), and
whse sty has been e ated abve in the desciptin f the msqe
f Ay Sfi; Abd Efend, the inspect f the kitchen, wh ived
in the hse f Binj Zdeh at Zek Bsh; K A Agh; and Is
Agh. Aged and espectab e men ike these wee caied in ittes, and

wee cns ted ding the mach n a imptant qestins. he amy
mached fm Knia t Kaisea (Csaea), and thence t Svs, whee
the feast f the Kbn (sacifice) was ce ebated. Hee Mstaf Psh,
the empes favite, was pmted t the ank f secnd ve, and
ca ed int the divn. he amy then cntined its mach t Eem.
Besides the gns pvided by the cmmande-in-chief, thee wee fty
age gns dagged by tw thsand pais f bffa es. he amy enteed
the cast e f Kmaghn, and ha ted nde the wa s f Eivn in the
yea 1044 (1634). he tenches wee pened the same day n seven sides;
the batteies wee aised against the p ace ca ed Mahnat B,
and f seven days nt a mments est was given eithe t the camp
 ftess. his was mst sccessf , and fi ed the heats f the
faithf amy with jy. By the fav f Gd, the victy was cetain:
the khn f Eivn Emgneh Ogh , sendeed by capit atin, and
was appinted as a ve f tw tai s t the gvenment f Ha eb
(A epp). he beaches in the wa s wee epaied, and Mte Psh
was eft in gaisn with 40,000 men. Khaja Kanan was appinted
cmmande against Akhiska, which was edced in the same mnth; and
the S tn eft Eivn t p nde the Pesian pvinces. On the sixth
day he enteed the beatif city f ab, whee the ts f the
Ottman amy cased teib e havck, making the inhabitants s aves,
and eve ing the hses with the gnd s that nt a stne was eft
pn anthe. he west sevants f the Ottman amy, sch as the
m etees, came -dives, gms, tent-pitches, f ambea-beaes, and
wate-caies, became ich as Afsb with the pb ic and pivate
teases. S tn Md visited the beatif gadens and kshks f
ab, patic a y the gaden ce ebated by the name f Khbn. By
his des the amy enteed this gaden, and in a mment bght t
the gnd a its hses and kshks, nt eaving a sing e atm pn
the page f existence; they a s ct dwn a the tees as if they had
been amed with the hatchet f Fehd  the batt e-axe f Ms em. he
beatif va ey was changed int a deset, in which nt the sma est
vestige f c tivatin c d be seen, as if it had emained a baen
wi deness eve since the descent f Adam pn the eath.
Fm ab the S tn etned, and aid waste the cnties t the
ight and eft f Aebjn, sch as Kh, Manand, es, Bad,
Dmb , Rmieh, and afte a few days aived safe and snd at the
cast e f Kt. his cast e, ne f the stngest be nging t the
Pesians, thgh fiece y attacked, did nt sende, and as winte
was appaching they abandned it. Hence the amy enteed the cnty
f the Mahmd Kds, whee they had a s ight fa f snw. hey then
passed thgh Amik, Bge, Ajsh, Ada jv, Akh t, Khntakht,
and ast y n. A these ftesses ae sitated n the bdes f
the ake f n. hence the amy mached t if s, Kefende, H,
Mfaakan, Dbek, Ma tieh, Svs, kt, Amsia, Othmnjik,
sieh, B , and n the sixth day eached Imt (Nicmedia). On the
19th f Rajab 1045 (1635) the i stis empe made his enty
int Cnstantinp e with a sp end and magnificence which n tnge
can descibe n pen i state. he pp ace wh ped t f the
city t meet the empe had been dissatisfied with the Km-makm
Baim Psh, bt, gatified by the sight f thei empe, they
became animated by a new spiit. he windws and fs f the hses
in evey diectin wee cwded with pep e, wh exc aimed, he
b essing f Gd be pn thee O cnqe! We cme, Md! May thy
victies be ftnate! In sht, they ecveed thei spiits,
and jy was manifest in evey cntenance. he S tn was dessed
in stee am, and had a theef d aigette in his tban, stck
b iqe y n ne side in the Pesian manne: he was mnted n a
Ngh steed, f wed by seven ed hses f the Aab beed, decked

t in embideed tappings set with jewe s. Emgneh, the khn f

Eivn, Ysf Khn, and the Pesian khns wa ked n ft befe
him, whi st the bands with cymba s, f tes, dms, and fifes, p ayed
the ais f Afsb. he empe ked with dignity n bth sides
f him, ike a in wh has seied his pey, and sa ted the pep e
as he went n, f wed by thee thsand pages c ad in am. he
pep e shted Gd be paised! as he passed, and thew themse ves
n thei faces t the gnd. he mechants and tadesmen had aised
n bth sides f the way pavi ins f satin, c th f g d, ve vet,
fine inen, and the ich stffs, which wee aftewads distibted
amngst the S ks, Peiks, and the sevants f the S tn. he  d
S k bsh t d me that his gads a ne had caied hme si k tents
t the va e f 7,000 piastes. Ding this timphant pcessin t
the se a the ships at Seag i-pint, at Kika a (Leandes
twe), and at pkhneh, fied sa tes, s that the sea seemed in a
b ae. he pb ic cies annnced that seven days and nights wee
t be devted t festivity and ejicing. Ding this festiva sch
a qantity f ich pesents wee bght t the S tn that nt n y
the teasy bt even the kshk-khneh (gaden hse) was fi ed with
them. he next day being Fiday, the S tn epaied t the msqe f
Eyyb, and was mch gatified t see the new bi dings as he went a ng
the hab, and n his etn by the Adianp e gate. P eased with
the impvements which he saw, he padned the Km-makm Psh the
discntent which he had ccasined amng the pep e, and bestwed pn
him a be f hn. On his aiva at the msqe f the cnqe
he ffeed p a paye f tw inc inatins, and being p eased with
the manne in which the msqe was i minated, he cnfeed a secnd
be f hn n the Km-makm. He then visited the tmb f the
cnqe, the msqe f the pinces, and thei mnment, the msqe
and mas em f S tn Byad, and the msqe and mas em f his
wn fathe. Obseving the gd epai in which these msqes wee kept,
he expessed his satisfactin, and etned t the pa ace. In this
mnth vey nfavab e epts wee eceived fm the gand ve
abn Yass Mhammed Psh. he Shh had taken Eivn, and wing t
the seveity f the winte it was impssib e t send it any e ief.
he sea s wee theefe immediate y given t Bam Psh, and an
expeditin t Baghdd was es ved pn. A the necessay aangements
wee cmp eted, and the impeia fimns wee issed t smmn tps
fm evey qate t the nmbe f ne hnded thsand men, t be
eady by sping f the impeia expeditin. Kapj-bshs, Khseks,
and Mshibs wee despatched in evey diectin with impeia des,
and an amy nmes as the waves f the cean began t assemb e.
_Accnt f the hmb e Ev iys admissin int the impeia haem f
S tn Md, and f sme p easant cnvesatin which he enjyed with
the Empe, in 1045 (1635)._
It was in this yea that I cmp eted, nde my tt Ev iy Efend,
the stdy f the Kn, accding t the seven vais eadings by
Shteb, and cmmenced a cse accding t the ten eadings. By the
advice f my fathe, Devsh Mhammed Agh, n the saced night f
Kad, when sevea thsand individa s wee assemb ed in the msqe
f Ay Sfia, I tk my p ace n the seat f the Mains, and afte
the paye eavih, began t epeat fm memy the wh e f the Kn.
When I had finished the Sa Enam, Gbegj Mhammed Agh and the
Sa ihd Me ek Ahmed, came p t the seat, and ptting n my head,
in the pesence f thsands, a tban wght with g d, infmed
me that the empe desied t see me. hey then tk me by the hand
and ed me int the mahfi f the empe. On beh ding the dignified

cntenance f S tn Md I bwed and kissed the gnd. he empe

eceived me vey gacis y, and afte the sa tatins, asked me in
hw many hs I c d epeat the wh e f the Kn. I said, if it
p ease Gd, if I pceed at a qick ate I can epeat it in seven
hs, bt if I d it mdeate y, witht mch vaiatin f the vice,
I can accmp ish it in eight hs. he S tn then said, P ease
Gd! he may be admitted int the nmbe f my intimate assciates in
the m f the deceased Ms. He then gave me tw  thee handf s
f g d, which a tgethe amnted t 623 pieces. hgh I was then
n y a yth f twenty-five, I was sfficient y we edcated, and my
mannes wee p ished, having been accstmed t assciate with ves
and mfts, in whse pesence I had me than nce epeated the Asha
and the Nat f the saced v me. Md eft the msqe in the sa
sty e with f ambeax and antens. I mnted a hse, and enteed the
impeia se by the cypess gate. he empe next epaied t the
Khs da, and ecmmending me t the chief, diected him t invest me
with the kaftn, in the chambe f the K j bsh. He then etied
t the inne haem. Next mning he sendeed me t the K j bsh
Safd Agh, and a m was assigned t me in the apatments f the
K . he shj bsh was appinted my gven ( ). My mastes
wee: f witing, the Ggm bsh; f msic, Devsh Oma; f gamma,
Gej Mhammed Efend; and f eading the Kn, my  d maste Ev iy
Efend. Khs Imm was my cmpanin in the eciting f the Kn,
and yeh Zdeh Khandn, Fekh Ogh Asaf Beg, Mn Ogh , Gejej
S emn, and Ambe Mstaf wee my fe w Mans. A geat pat f
my time was spent in the Meshk-khneh  gymnasim, nea the pivate
bath, in pactising msic. One day they invested me with an embideed
dess, pt an ambe-scented tft f atificia hai pn my head, and
wishing me a thsand b essings, t d me I had the cwn f happiness
n my head. Smetimes a s they pt n me a f cap ike that wn
by my cmpanins. he Sa ihd Me ek Ahmed Psh neve st sight f
me, and as I was e ated t him n my mthes side, he made me many
pesents. He, the Rnmehj Ibahm Efend, and the ca igaphe Hasan
Psh, wee the means f my btaining an intdctin int the se.
On the day I was dessed as abve e ated, with the sp endid tban,
tw mtes came, and with many cis mtins ed me int the Khs da
(inne chambe), t Me ek Ahmed Agh and his pedecess Mstaf. hese
geat y encaged me and taght me sevea expessins and ceemnies,
which I was t bseve in the pesence f the empe. I nw fnd
myse f in the Khs da, and had an pptnity f examining it. It is
a age m with a cp a; in each cne thee ae aised seats 
thnes; nmes windws and ba cnies; fntains and wate-basins,
and the f  is paved with stne f vais c s, ike a Chinese
ga ey f pictes. he empe nw made his appeaance, ike the
ising sn, by the d eading t the inne haem. He sa ted the
fty pages f the inne chambe and a the Mshib (assciates),
wh etned the sa tatin with payes f his pspeity. he
empe having with geat dignity seated himse f n ne f the
thnes, I kissed the gnd befe it, and temb ed a ve. he
next mment, hweve, I cmp imented him with sme veses that mst
ftnate y came int my mind. He then desied me t ead smething.
I said, I am vesed in seventy-tw sciences, des y majesty wish
t hea smething f Pesian, Aabic, Rmaic, Hebew, Syiac, Geek,
 kish? Smething f the diffeent tnes f msic,  pety in
vais meases? he empe said, What a basting fe w this is!
Is he a Revn (a patt ing fe w), and is this a mee nnsense, 
is he capab e t pefm a that he says? I ep ied, If y majesty
wi p ease t gant me pemissin t speak fee y as a Nadm (fami ia
cmpanin), I think I sha be ab e t amse y. he empe asked
what the ffice f a Nadm was: A Nadm, said I, is a gent eman

wh cnveses in a p easing manne: bt if he is pemitted t dink

with the empe, he is ca ed Nadm nb,  cmpanin f the g ass.
Nadm is deived fm Mnadamat, and by a tanspsitin f ettes we
have Mdm, which in Aabic signifies pe wine. If sch a Nadm is
pemitted t enjy the cmpany f the empe, he is ca ed Mshb
(intimate cmpanin). Bav! said the S tn, he ndestands his
bsiness and is n Revn. Revn indeed! ep ied I, king at the
same time twads Ysf Psh, the ate Khn f Revn (Eivn). he
empe stck his knees with his hand, and bst t in sch a fit f
aghte that his face became qite ed; then addessing Emgneh,
his favite msician, he said: What d y think f this devi f a
by? Ysf Psh said, Mak this yth, he wi vey sn astnish
a In and n, f his eyes ae cnstant y dancing. Yes,
said I, the eyes f kish bys dance in de t excite mith in
stanges. I a ded t Emgneh, wh, when he was in a gd hm
feqent y danced and p ayed. he empe aghed and said, he by
has eady answes, and being f f gd hm, he deed sme
chk t be bght. Chk in his metaphica angage signified
wine. He dank a g ass, and said, Ev iy, th at nw initiated int
my secets; take cae nt t div ge them. I ep ied by the f wing
veses.
Deep in thy beast be ves sweet secet hid
Fbid thy s t fee its pesence thee,
And when death hves e thy dakning id,
Sti in that knw edge et n the shae!
I a s qted the saying, He wh keeps si ence escapes many
misftnes; and added, my empe, he wh is admitted t y
secets ght t be a magaine f sececy.Ev iy, said the
S tn, having spken s mch f science, et s nw hea sme f
y pefmances in msic. I enmeated a the diffeent tnes,
and having made many a sins t the taste f Emgneh f wine,
the S tn was s mch p eased with my eady wit that he said, Nw,
Ev iy, I sha n me ca thee t accnt,  ask thee any easn
f what th sayest: I appint thee a Mshib; and he then deed
me t be dessed in a f be. Seeing that it was t ng f me, he
said, Send it t thy fathe that he may emembe me in his payes;
and he diected that anthe sh d be given t me. He next with his
wn hands pt n my head a sab e-f ka pak. Befe this I had n y
a p ain t ka pak. He then desied me t sing a wsik. At ne
time my msic-maste was a Devsh Oma, a discip e f the fams
Sheikh G shan, with whm he became acqainted in the eign f S tn
S emn, and with whm he passed seventeen yeas in Egypt, pefming
a manne f menia sevices, sch as va et, gm, ck, &c. One
day G shan, peceiving the wth that was cncea ed nde the gab
f this p Devsh, advised him t epai t key, whee he was
wanted by S tn S emn. On his depate G shan gave him his wn
capet, and n this capet Devsh Oma had the hn t assciate
with a the S tns, fm S emn t Md. Having aived in key
with seventy f wes, he was pesent at the siege f Siget, and
at the death f S emn. Fm that time he enjyed the cnfidence
and patnage f a the S tns. He was we ski ed in the science
f msic, in which he gave me essns. In bedience t the S tns
des, I tk p a _dyaa_ (tambine) and kissed the gnd befe
the S tn. On king at the dyaa, he bseved that it was set with
jewe s, and said, I make thee a pesent f this dyaa, bt take
cae th dst nt g beynd this cic e.[5] I eaped in a spight y
manne, kissed the ft f the thne, payed f a b essing n Devsh
Oma, and said, If it p ease Gd, I sha neve be debaed fm this

cic e f the Ottman ct, f I knw my

them.

imits t we

t vestep

[5] _Dyaa_ is the wd hee sed, which signifies a cic e as we

as a tambine.
It is vey necessay f evey ne t knw his bnds,
Whethe he be p,  whethe he be ich.
I then seated myse f n my hee s as is sa , ffeed p a sht paye
f assistance fm Gd, and afte sevea symphnies, I exc aimed,
O th Sheikh G shan, tt f my tt Devsh Oma Rashan,
hai ! I nw began t sing and dance, tning nd in the manne
f the Devshes, and accmpanying with the dyaa, the f wing
wsik (mystic sng) cmpsed by Devsh Oma f the ate Ms, whse
sitatin I had jst enteed; with a w and p aintive vice I sang:
I went t t meet my be ved Ms; he taied and came nt.
Pehaps I have missed him in the way; he taied and came nt.
On heaing this p aintive sng, the S tn tk p his pcket
handkechief, and when I appached him, he tned nd and said:
he by has bght t ife the spiit f Ms Che eb! Nw te
me the tth instant y; wh t d thee t sing this sng, which I
have fbidden t be sng in my pesence, and wh taght thee it? I
ep ied, My empe, may y ife be p nged! My fathe had tw
s aves wh eant the sng fm the witings f Imaghn Mhammed
Efend, wh died ding the ate p age, and fm them I eant it.
I have head it fm n ne e se, n did any ne te me t sing it
in the pesence f my empe. he S tn said, he by is vey
ingenis; he qtes the athity f dead men, that he may nt
cmpmise the iving. He then said, Mayest th ive ng, and
desied me pceed with my pefmance. I accding y pt my hand n
the dyaa and sang:
he mth f my be ved betays the hidden secet,
When he speaks he ttes magic spe s;
Sh d he k in ange, even Rstam w d be vecme,
F his eyebws esemb e the bw, and his ashes the aws.
I then std si ent, and having kissed the gnd befe the empe,
he paised me high y, and gave me sevea pieces f g d. he empe
then addessing Emgneh, said: he fist veses sng by Ev iy wee
cmpsed by myse f, n the death f my favite cmpanin Ms, whm
I had sent n a message t Rajab Psh, when he was assa ted by the
ebe s, wh thew his mdeed bdy int the At-maidn. O! Emgneh,
hadst th bt knwn what an amiab e and inte igent yth that was!
I have hithet fnd n sevant ike him; and that inncent by died
a maty! My empe, ep ied Emgneh, have y nt pened the
ife-veins f thse wh shed his inncent b d? Yes, said the
S tn, it is t avenge the mde f my favite, and the vi ent
death f my bthe Othmn, that I have made the heads f 307,000
ebe s t 
in the dst. May Gd pspe a y ndetakings,
ep ied Emgneh; the 307,000 heads did nt indeed be ng t men,
bt t s many ebe s, wh spng fm the gnd ike mshms.
Y amies hweve, in avenging the b d f thei cmpanins, did
s sfficient y in taking the ftess f Eivn t f my hands,
and ctting p the t and banch f the Pesian amy. he S tn,
p eased with this ep y, ca ed f wine and dank a g ass. In the
evening he deed me t ead a tenth f the Kn; I cmmenced whee

I had eft ff n the h y night f Kad at Ay Sfi, that is,

at the Sa Aaf, and ead tw hnded and f veses, divided
int tw _mkam_, twenty-f _shaba_, and fty-eight _takb_. I
then epeated the names f the S tns Ahmed, Othmn, and a thei
i stis ancests, t whm I tansfeed any meit I might have
fm this eading f the Kn, and cnc ded with the Fatihat (fist
chapte f the Kn). he S tn then pesented me with a fish-bne
be t set with jewe s, which he had in his hand; and asked Emgneh
whethe they ead the Kn s we in Pesia. Emgneh ep ied
that the Pesians caed itt e t cnfm thei actins t the Kn,
and mch ess t ead it ppe y. It is n y t the piety f y
majesty, that we ae indebted f sch eading, which eminds s
f the assemb ies f Hsain Bhika. At this mment the Mains
began t ca t payes at the head f the staicase, which ks
twad the ct-yad f the pa ace. he empe deed me t assist
them; I f ew ike a peacck t the tp f the staicase, and began
t exc aim, _Hai a a-as-sa h!_ _i.e._ H! t gd wks! Befe
the cmmencement f payes, I was bseved by my gd maste Ev iy
Efend, the impeia Imm, wh meeting the empe in the aty,
tside f the impeia msqe, c se t the Khs-da, ths addessed
him: My gacis empe, this by, the da ing f my heat, has nt
attended my ectes since the saced night f Kad, when y tk him
t the Haem. He has a eady eant by heat the wh e f the Kn,
accding t the seven eadings; he is thgh y acqainted with the
Shtabeh teatise n that sbject, and was beginning the stdy f the
ten diffeent eadings; a w him, then, t pefect himse f in these
stdies, afte which he may etn t y majestys sevice. he
empe, nt in the east egading these eqests, said, Efend! d
y sppse that  pa ace is a taven,  a den f bbes? hee
thsand pages ae hee devted night and day t the stdy f the
sciences, besides attending t the seven genea ectes, and the
tw which y eveence de ives twice a week. He may attend y
ectes as befe; bt I cannt eave him t y dispsa , f he is
a ive y and inte igent yth, and mst emain with me as my sn. His
fathe, the chief f the g dsmiths, is my fathe; bt he may cme as
ften as he p eases t see his sn. Ev iy Efend seeing thee was n
hpe f btaining what he wished, said: We , my gacis sveeign,
a w him at east the bks that ae necessay f his edcatin.
he S tn immediate y ca ed f pen and ink, diected the tease
t be in attendance, and with his wn hand he wte the f wing
impeia de: h, chief f the teasy, sha t immediate y spp y
Ev iy with the f wing wks: the Kfiah, the cmmentay f Jm,
the afs K, the Misbh, the Dbcheh, the Sahh Ms em, the
Bkh, the M teka-a -Abha, the Kad, the G istn and Bstn, the
Nisb-sabiyn, and the Lghat Akhta. he kehiy  depty tease
immediate y bght me these va ab e wks, which had been witten
f the se f sveeigns, and the S tn pesented me with a cpy f
the Kn, in the hand-witing f Ykt Mstasam, which he was in
the habit f eading himse f; a s a si ve inkstand set with jewe s,
and a witing-bad in aid with mthe--pea . At the same time he
gave instctins t the K j-bsh especting my accmmdatin.
hs thee times a week I ead the Kn with Ev iy Efend, and a s
had essns in Aabic, Pesian, and witing. In this manne it was
bt se dm I c d attend in the sevice f the empe, bt wheneve
I came int his pesence he was a ways de ighted, and teated me s
gacis y, that I neve fai ed t shew my wit and p easanty. I sh d
neve have been tempted t epeat any f my witty sayings, bt f the
expess cmmands f the S tn. Kaa His, the geat ca igaphe
my witing-maste, and many the witnesses ae sti
iving, wh can
attest that, vesed as I then was in evey banch f science, I enjyed

the geatest fav f the S tn, wh iked a jke  a agh as we

as any p ain devsh.[6] I had feqent y the hn f cnvesing
fami ia y with this geat mnach, and wee I t e ate a the
cnvesatin that passed between s I sh d fi a v me. In sht,
S tn Md was a man wh had the nate f a Devsh, bt he was
bave and inte igent. His finges wee thick, bt we pptined,
and the stngest west e c d nt pen his c sed fist. He genea y
dessed in b e c ed si k, and iked t ide vey fast. Neithe the
Ottman n any the dynasty f Ms em pinces eve pdced a pince
s ath etic, s we -made, s desptic, s mch feaed by his enemies,
 s dignified as S tn Md. hgh s ce and b dthisty, he
cnvesed with the ich and p witht any mediat, made his nds
in disgise night and day t be infmed f the state f the p, and
t ascetain the pice f pvisins, f which ppse he feqent y
went int ckshps and dined incgnit. N mnach, hweve, was
gi ty f s many vi ent deeds. On the mach t Baghdd, when he
eft Csaea, a wi d gat was stated in the mntains f Deve Kaa
His. he empe immediate y gave it chase, stck it with his spea,
f wed it p amngst the cks, and divided his pey amngst his
ves. he wh e amy was spised t see him dismnt and c imb p
the caggy mntain in psit f his game. On anthe ccasin I saw
him seie his Sa ihds Me ek Ahmed and Ms Agh, bth emakab y
stt men, take them by thei be ts, ift them ve his head, and
f ing them ne t the ight and the the t the eft. Ahmed Psh,
Hasan Psh the ca igaphe, De Hsain Psh, and Peh evn Dsh enk
S emn, wee a ath etic men wh wee fnd f p aying and west ing.
he S tn feqent y stipped himse f and west ed with these men, n
a spt f the se ca ed Chemen-sfa. It was I wh n sch ccasins
ead the sa paye f the west es. It is as f ws: A ah!
A ah! F the sake f the Ld f a ceated beingsMhammed Mstaf,
f the sake f Mhammed Bkh f S S tik, f the sake f 
Sheikh Mhammed wh aid h d f the gaments and the imbs, et thee
be a setting-t f hand pn hand, back pn back, and beast pn
beast! And f the ve f A the Lin f Gd, gant assistance O
Ld! Afte this paye the S tn began t west e eithe with Me ek
Ahmed  De Hsain. hey met accding t the  es f west ing,
aying h d f each the, and entwining themse ves ike sepents.
Bt when the empe gew angy he kne t dwn pn ne knee, and
endeaving t maste his ppnent fm beneath, it was diffic t t
esist him. He genea y scceeded in binging his antagnist t the
gnd. A the ea y hees f Is amism, sch as Madi Kab, Okai
Ben Ab  eb, Shai Rm, Sad, Kh ed Ben Wa d, Asad Ben Mkdd,
Haddd, Oma, A , Hama, and Ma ek, sed t west e in the pesence
f the Pphet, wh was himse f a geat west e, and at diffeent
times vanqished his enemies, the csed Ab ahab and Abjaha . hs
west ing became ne f the favite execises f the Ms ems; and P
Mahmd became the patn saint f the at, which was made t cnsist
f fty ats, seventy nds, and ne hnded and fty ticks, and
with a f which a gd west e mst be thgh y acqainted.
West es ae fbidden t engage in kaaksh, bghma, and jed,
becase west ing is an execise n ft, and nt a cntest with an
enemy. If in batt e an enemy ays h d n anthe t west e, he may
take advantage f the kaaksh, bghma,  jed. He may even ct ff
the head f his advesay. Md, when a stt yng man, was neve
satisfied nti he bght his antagnist t the gnd. One day he
came t cveed with pespiatin fm the hammm (bath) in the
Khs-da, sa ted thse pesent, and said, Nw I have had a bath.
May it be t y hea th, was the genea ep y. I said, My empe,
y ae nw c ean and cmftab e, d nt theefe i yse f f
west ing t-day, especia y as y have a eady exeted yse f

with thes, and y stength mst be cnsideab y edced. Have I

n stength eft? said he, et s see; pn which he seied me as
an eag e, by my be t, aised me ve his head, and whi ed me abt
as chi den d a tp. I exc aimed, D nt et me fa , my empe,
h d me fast! He said, H d fast yse f, and cntined t swing
me nd, nti I cied t, F Gds sake, my empe, cease, f
I am qite giddy. He then began t agh, e eased me, and gave me
fty-eight pieces f g d f the amsement I had affded him.
Smetimes he w d take his tw swd-beaes, Me ek Ahmed and Ms,
bth stt men, and caying them in his hands w d make the cicit
f the Chemen-sfa sevea times. He was a man wh ate mch, and indeed
he was a he spassing Sm, Z , Namn, Afsb and Rstam.
One day he pieced with a jed the shie d f an A banian, which was
cmpsed f seven ayes f the t f the fig-tee, and sent it t
Cai, whee it is sspended in the dvn f S tn Gh. Hasan the
ca igaphe wte the tgha f the S tn in g d and pp e n
Chinese pape five cbits sqae. his is a s peseved in the dvn
f Gh. When I was thee, I inscibed ndeneath it the names f the
f assciates f the pphet (Abbek, Oma, Othmn and A ), a s in
the manne f a tgha (mngam), imp ing the b essing f Gd pn
them.
[6] A passage is mitted hee n accnt f its gssness.
On anthe ccasin Md, in the pesence f the Geman and Dtch
ambassads, pieced sme shie ds cmpsed f ten came -hides, which
they had bght with them as pesents. He etned these shie ds,
and the spea with which he had pieced them, as pesents t the
empe f Gemany. I saw them sspended in the achway f the inne
gate at ienna. en the shie ds, sent as pesents by the empe f
Gemany, he pieced in the same manne, and sent them t Ms Psh
when gven f Bde, whee I saw them sspended. When he was at Ha ep
(A epp) he thew a jed fm the cast e, which passing ve the
ditch and a cnsideab e space beynd, fe in the maket-p ace f the
stip-makes, whee a c mn inscibed with a chngam maks the
spt whee it fe .
One day whi e he was execising himse f in the  d pa ace, he saw
a cw n the cescent f the eft minaeh f S tn Byad. He
immediate y de t the At-maidn, and thwing his jed t the
height f the msqe, stck the cw, which fe dead at his feet.
he At-maidn f the  d pa ace is distant ne mi e fm the minaeh
f S tn Byad. If the jed had nt hit the aven, bt had psed
its cse, it w d cetain y have fa en in the p ty-maket. On
the spt whee the cw fe
thee nw stands a white mab e c mn f
the height f a man, with a chngam by J inscibed with ettes
in g d. A simi a mnment f the extadinay distance t which a
jed was thwn stands in the gaden f Beyks, a s inscibed with a
chngam by J.
S tn Md was taght the science f achey by Peh evn Hj
S emn and S S k. hee is sti t be seen in the Ok-maidn
nea the ekieh f the aches, a mab e c mn indicating the spt
whee an aw sht by S tn Md fe . his sht spassed that f
a the fme Peh evns excepting kpan, and eft fa behind
the aims f Kaa andha, Byad Khn, Khattt Sheikh, Demidi is and
Mese Dnd. In the gadens f kt, S tn Md nce ct an ass
in tw with ne stke f his swd. In the game f the mace (g)
he c d wie d with the geatest ease a mace weighing tw hnded
kkas, and pefm a the ticks f the at. And s did he distingish

himse f in the execises f west ing and bxing. O maste in these

execises, Devsh Oma, n heaing sevea s ang expessins f
the at, sch as, Ct nt! stike nt! h d nt! sed by S tn
Md, exc aimed, Lk at that maste-btche! in efeence t his
ce dispsitin, which was neve satisfied witht shedding b d.
he S tn was p eased with the jke, and smi ed at it. He was a s
expet in the game f matak, in which ba s ae stck with c bs,
and which has n ess than ne hnded and sixty _band_  ticks. He
sed t stike the ba with sch fce that it stck the head f
his patne. His maste in this game was s k Kapdn, the jgg e
f the admia s ga ey, wh was an expet maine ( evend), and whse
name is ecded in the e egy cmpsed by J Che ebi Sheikh in twe ve
angages. his s k Kapdn, thgh cnsideed ne f the mst
ski f in this p ay, did nt eqa S tn Md.
Fina y, the empe was a gd pet, eqa t Nafa and J; and his
divn  c ectin f des, cnsists f thee hnded eaves; bt it
wants the des ending in the ettes a and Ain. hese wee t have
been spp ied by ahab Othmn Che eb, bt he died befe he c d
cmp ete them.
Ding the winte he eg ated his assemb ies as f ws: On Fiday
evening he assemb ed a the divines, Sheiks, and the eades f the
kn, and with them he dispted ti
mning n scientific sbjects.
Satday evening was devted t the singes wh sang the I h, the
Nat, and the spiita tnes. Snday evening was apppiated t the
pets and ecites f mances, sch as Nafa, J, Nadm, A,
Nath, Beyn, Iet, &c. On Mnday evening he had the dancing
bys, S Che eb, Chakmak Che eb, and Semej-deh; and the
Egyptian msicians Dabgh Ogh , Pap K , Osmn K , N K ,
Ahmed K , and Shehe Ogh n. his assemb y sat ti daybeak, and
esemb ed the msica feast f Hsain Bhika. On esday evening he
eceived the  d expeienced men wh wee pwads f seventy yeas,
and with whm he sed t cnvese in the mst fami ia manne. On
Wednesdays he gave adience t the pis saints; and n hsdays
t the Devshes. In the mnings he attended t the affais f the
Ms ems. In sch a manne did he watch ve the Ottman states, that
nt even a bid c d f y ve them witht his knw edge. Bt wee we
t descibe a his exce ent qa ities we sh d fi anthe v me.
Paise be t A ah, that my fathe was the chief f the g dsmiths fm
the time f S tn S emn ti that f S tn Ibahm; and I was
hned with the sciety f s g is a mnach as S tn Md I .
Pevis y t his Majestys ndetaking the expeditin t Baghdd I
eft the impeia Haem, and was appinted a Siph, with an a wance
f fty aspes pe day.
_List f the Kapdn Pshs ding the Reign f S tn Md I ._

he fist was Rajab Psh, wh, as we have befe e ated, capted
thee hnded Cssack bats in the B ack Sea, and bght them t
Cnstantinp e. His sccess, Kha Psh, an A banian by bith, tk
nea the cks f F a in the Mediteanean, a fams ship f the
infide s which was ca ed Kaa-jehennem (b ack-he ), and which had a
age mi within it, and a gaden n the qate-deck.
Hasan Psh, the sn f a Janissay f aht jeh, nea Cnstantinp e.
In the yea 1035 (1625) he bi t tw cast es n the Dneipe. He was
aftewads degaded, and died sdden y at Yenshehe in 1041 (1631).

 e Jnp d Zdeh Mstaf Psh, maied Fatima the siste f S tn

Md, and was made Kapdn Psh in 1041. His name spead te ve
the wh e f the Mediteanean even as fa as the staits f Giba ta;
he bi t a cast e at Athens; and even befe that was finished he was
appinted gven f Rme . In this capacity he was deed t
ndetake the expeditin against Eivn, and s many tps did he
assemb e, that the sbbs f Cnstantinp e wee fi ed with them; and
thee mnths wee eqied t have them passed ve the Bsphs t
Sctai n f at-bttmed bats.
Jafe Psh esigned the ffice f Bstnj Bsh f that f Kapdn
Psh in 1043 (1633). He spead te amngst the infide s. hat same
yea, n the Feast f ictims, he met thee Eng ish men-f-wa in the
Mediteanean, between the cast es f Kesendeh and K . he Eng ish
being fie-wshippes, accding t the saced text, hey wee bnt
and the men dwned; they set fie t tw f the vesse s. he thid,
with tw hnded gns, was taken befe they c d set fie t it, and
was bght with immense bty t S tn Md.
Afte Jafe Psh, De Hsain Psh was made Kapdn Psh, in which
capacity he tk the fie d against Eivn. He was aftewads appinted
gven f Egypt.
His sccess was Kaa Mstaf Psh, an A banian by bith, and
edcated a Janissay. Ding the siege f Baghdd, he was the depty
f P eh at the es-khneh (asena ), and cised in the B ack Sea
with tw hnded ships f the impeia f eet. In this expeditin he
encnteed tw hnded Cssack bats, f which he capted seventy,
with the hetman. he est made thei escape ding the night, and
seced themse ves, in the eeds and mashes f the ive Kbn.
P eh Psh psed them, and c sed the entance f the ive; bt
the infide s caied thei bats ve and, whi st P eh waited f
thei appeaance in vain. At ast he was infmed by Khajeh Kanan
Psh, the gven f Ocakv, and by the khn f the ts, f the
scheme f the infide s; pn which he weighed anch, came nd t
the is and f amn, and sht p the channe by which the Cssacks had
intended making thei escape. Being nw snded n and by Khajeh
Psh, and the t Khn, the Cssacks made a camp with thei bats
in the mth f the ive, and defended themse ves f seven days and
nights. his batt e is even nw memab e by the name f Adakhn.
Fina y, nt ne f thei bats escaped, bt they wee a caied
in timph t Cnstantinp e, with the csses f thei f ags tned
dwnwads, and the wh e f eet anched ppsite the asena . he news
f this victy gave fesh cage t the tps engaged at the siege
f Baghdd.

he the Kapdn Pshs wee, Sa ihd Mstaf Psh, and Svsh

Psh. he atte was an Ab by bith, and being a man f the
stictest hn, he was dis iked by the pep e f the asena , and was
cnseqent y dismissed fm ffice.
_he Mfts and U em ding the Reign f S tn Md._
Yehiy, the sn f Zeke, was Sheikh a Is m when S tn Md
ascended the thne; in the yea 1034, he was scceeded by Khajeh
Zdeh Isad Efend, and in 1041 by Hsain Efend, wh was s ain in the
ebe in and thwn int the sea. Yehiy was then made Sheikh a Is m
a thid time. I was then the fist Main at the msqe f the ench

Mhammed Agh, when he appinted me his eade f the Nat, in which

capacity I attended him evey Fiday.

he chief jdges f Cnstantinp e wee, Kehiy Mstafa Efend;

Bstan-deh Efend, and his bthe; Am Zdeh Efend; S eh Efend;
Cheshm Mahmd Efend; Hasan Efend; and Cheshm Efend, a thid time.
_Chief Jdges f Rme ._
Abd -ghan Mhammed Efend; Shef Mhammed Efend; Kaa Che eb Zdeh
Efend; Hsain Efend in the yea 1037; Am Zdeh Mstaf Efend 1038;
Hasan Efend 1039; Bstnj Zdeh Yehiy Efend 1039; Ab Sad Efend
1039; Hsain Efend, a thid time chief jdge f Rme i; Cheshm
Efend; Hsain Efend, a fth time jdge f Rme ; Kaa Che eb
Zdeh Mhammed Efend, a thid time 1042; Abd ah Efend 1042.
_Chief Jdges f Anat ia._
Am-deh Efend 1032; Shef Mhammed Efend, a secnd time, and his
sn Che eb Zdeh Abd ah, 1037; Ab Sad Efend, 1039; Ab Sad
Zdeh Efend, 1040; Cheshm Mhammed Efend, 1041; Ahmed Efend Zdeh;
Nh Efend.
_Defteds ding the Reign f S tn Md._
Cheshm Mhammed Efend, 1032; S eh Efend; Hedyet-a ah Efend,
1033; Oshk Zdeh Efend, 1035; Ab Isad Efend, 1035; Ot kj Hasan
Efend, 1035; Ab Sad Zdeh Efend, 1036; Ab Sad Efend; Nh
Efend, 1039; Rajab Efend, 1040; Ms Efend, 1041; Jev-deh Efend
1042; Makhdm Hsain Efend 1043; A Efend Kaa Che eb Zdeh 1043.
_Aghs f the Janissaies ding the Reign f S tn Md._
Chesh ej A Agh; Kaa Mstaf Agh; Baim Agh; Khsa Agh;
Mhammed Kehiy Agh; A Agh; Kha Agh; S emn Agh; Hasan Agh;
Hasan Kha feh Agh; Mstaf Agh; Ksseh Mhammed Agh; Mhammed Agh.
_S tn Mds Expeditin against Ma ta._
When S tn Md had etned fm Baghdd cwned with victy,
he was b iged t ndetake an expeditin in pesn against Ma ta,
an is and in the Mediteanean. he cases which ed him t this
deteminatin ae as f ws. Cmp aints wee made by the Ms mns in
evey diectin f the depedatins cmmitted by the Ma tese Chistians
in evey pt f the Mediteanean, patic a y n the Afican cast.
ade f evey st was at a stand, and the pi gims t the h y cities
wee m ested in thei passage. Bt abve a , the Maintes had becme
vey tb esme in the Achipe ag. hese had been sbded in the
time f S tn Mhammed II., and at the time f this ebe in they
amnted t fifty thsand men. hey had abt ne hnded vesse s with
which they p ndeed the is ands, intecepted the ships f mechants
and pi gims, and evey yea tk thsands f pisnes. Since the
time that the Kapdn P d-deh had sced the cast f Sici y,
Csica, and Sadinia n impeia f eet had made its appeaance in
thse qates, the infide s aised thei heads, thei adacity knew n

bnds, and they p ndeed n the shes f the Ottman empie.

hese cmp aints wee at ength aid befe the S tn in a ept

by Kaa Mstaf Psh. A cnci was immediate y he d cnsisting f
the gand ve Kaa Mstaf Psh, the Kapdn Svsh Psh, the
Kehiy f the asena P eh, and seventy begs f the sea (captains
f wa-ships), and the mst expeienced ffices f the asena ; the
es t f which was that the bi ding f a _bshtideh_ (admia s
ship) and f twenty ga eys, each eighty cbits ng, was immediate y
cmmenced by the expess de f the empe. w thsand pses (ne
mi in f piastes) wee a tted t the Kapdn Psh, t the Kehiy,
and t the inspect f the asena . Five dcks nea the asena wee
p ed dwn, and thee new nes wee bi t in thei stead each as
age as a caavanseai; and in them a bshtideh f the empe, and
tw geen _mnas_ wee cnstcted in the space f thee mnths. he
mnas had seventy benches and ne hnded and fty as, each f
which was mved by eight men. At the sten and bw f each thee was
a age gn, weighing fm fty t fifty kkas, besides hndeds f
gns n each side. hey wee indeed sch vesse s that even Nah might
have cnsideed himse f sece in them. In sht, n the etn f
sping, tw hnded ships f wa, cnsisting f bshtidehs, ga eys,
and thes wee eady f sea, with ams, men, and pvisins thee
times the qantity eqied. he ga eys f a the is ands f the
Achipe ag f Egypt and f the Mea, amnted t five hnded, which
wee f wed by the same nmbe f tanspt ships. hey had besides
sme hge vesse s ca ed _Kvns_ becase they made a vyage t
Egypt n y nce a-yea, eqiing six mnths t ad and six mnths
t dischage. Each f these caied fifteen hnded seving men and
tw thsand tps. Besides these, thee wee five hnded sma e
vesse s f evey desciptin; _vi._ Baja (bages), Ka n (ga eys),
Pek, Ptn, Shika, and Kaa-ms which wee hied by gvenment.
In sht the wh e f eet amnted t e even thsand seven hnded
vesse s, which being pepaed f sai ing, wee med in the hab
f Cnstantinp e.
_Accnt f the Death f S tn Md._

he _gh_ (tai s) and _Sepedeh_ (tents) wee a eady aised at

Dvd Psh pepaaty t a new expeditin, when the empe enfeeb ed
by sickness fnd it impacticab e t set t. Accding t the Aabic
text: Evey ne mst peish, and the Pesian vese: If any pesn
c d emain f eve pn the eath, Mhammed w d have emained; if
beaty c d sece immta ity, Ysf (Jseph) w d nt have died,
n ne is exempt fm destiny. And S tn Md being bedient t the
ca , Retn t thy d, bade faewe t this peishab e w d and
enteed n his jney t the eve asting kingdm. he wh e f the
Mhammedan natin wee thwn int the deepest aff ictin, and amented
his ss. Hses hng with b ack wee et se in the At-Maidn, whee
his Majesty was bied c se t S tn Ahmed.
he new empe, S tn Ibhm, gave the sea s t Kaa Mstaf
Psh. Kaa Hasan Psh was made Defted; Abd--ahm Efend,
Shaikh- -Is m; and in de that the f eet pepaed by S tn Md
against Ma ta sh d nt ie se ess, it was sent t the Mediteanean,
whee a mna was st, nthing f cnseqence effected, and the
wh e f eet with its tps etned t Is mb afte the atmna
eqinx. One f the mnas was med ff the asena and painted b ack
t epesent the mning f the death f S tn Md, an event
which gave the Ma tese infide s an pptnity f ecmmencing thei

hsti ities. Man ppses, bt Gd dispses. I have since head fm
the pea -shedding ips f my wthy d, Kaa Mstaf, that had Gd
spaed Md bt six mnths nge, the wh e f the infide s w d
have been edced t the capitatin tax. he Ragsians came fwad as
mediats f the infide s f Ma ta and Spain, stip ating n the pat
f the fme t give p the is and f Ma ta, and n the pat f the
atte, the Red-app e (Rme). Bt fate had thewise deceed.
Ibhm, the yngest f S tn Ahmeds seven sns, ascended the thne
in the yea 1049 (1639). He was then twenty-five yeas  d; bt nt
vey inte igent.
_ es f S tn Ibhm._
Kaa Mstaf Psh was ve when Ibhm came t the thne, and was
cnfimed in his ffice. Feaing he sh d fa a victim t the ebe s,
he f ed fm the gaden f the Se t his wn pa ace, and changed his
dess, bt he was sht by a bstnj ppsite the pa ace f Ms Psh.
He was bied in his wn mas em at the Pmak-kap. He was f wed
by Jvn Kapj-bsh, wh died at the siege f Candia. S eh Psh,
a Bsnian by bith, fm the vi age f Lbin in Heegvina, was
pt t death by the intiges f ekeehj Ahmed Psh. Ahmed Psh
scceeded him, bt he t was intimidated by the ebe s, which being
discveed by Mhammed Psh, he was stang ed, his bdy thwn int
the At-Maidn, and instant y tn t pieces by the ebe s. he same day
Peavenk, and the empes mshib, Khajeh Jenj, wee a s tn t
pieces by the pemissin f the U em.
_he e wh ebe ed against S tn Ibhm._

v A Psh, the gven f Svs, having efsed t give t

Mav f S tn Ibhm, his daghte, the wife f Ibsh Psh, n
the gnd that sch a demand was cntay t aw, he was dismissed
fm his ffice; afte which he p aced himse f at the head f a paty
f tps t maintain his case against the de issed f his death.
Kpei Mhammed Psh tk the fie d against him; bt he vanqished
Kpei , and n his aiva at Chekesh, he was assai ed and pt t
death by Ibsh Psh, n whse accnt he had ebe ed.
Ibhm bi t sevea kshks in the New Se, n which many
chngams wee cmpsed.
_Cnqests, &c. ding the eign f S tn Ibhm_.
Nash Psh Zdeh was defeated in the p ains f Sctai by Kaa
Mstaf Psh. he Cssacks became mastes f Av, the khn f the
atas having been tady in affding it the necessay sccs; in
cnseqence f which, seven hnded vesse s wee sent t besiege
Av. he siege cntined tw mnths, ding which time the Ms ems
edced the wa s f the ftess t dst; bt the infide s he d t,
by sbteanes tenches, a mnth nge, when, n accnt f the
appach f winte, the bave amy f Ms ems was b iged t etn
witht victy. In the f wing yea Jvn Kapj Bsh eqipped
thee hnded ships, and fi ing them with Ms em wais, enewed
the siege f Av. he Cssacks, being mch a amed, eft the cast e
witht the east attempt t defend it; and hence the we -knwn
pveb, Hsain Psh gave batt e, bt Mhammed Psh cnqeed

witht batt e. Mhammed Psh kept the wh e amy f M davia,

a achia, Cicassia, and the Ottman tps, in de t ebi d the
ftess, which was effected in the space f seven mnths. I, the
hmb e Ev iy, saw it in the fth campaign when I emained in the
Cimea, and the t Khn winteed with his amy in Av. he gand
ve at the same time etned with the impeia f eet t the Sb ime
Pte.

he secnd cnqest f S tn Ibhm is that f a achia and M davia

by the khn f the ts. Mt ivde, the pince f a achia, and
Lip , the pince f M davia, having eigned twenty yeas and acqied
the wea th f Kn (Csus), they cherished a deadly enmity against
each other. Lipl gave one of his daughters in marriage to the Hettman
of the Cossacks, Prince Khmelentski, who assisted him with 20,000
Cossacks; whilst Mt Voivode collected an army of 100,000 men at
Bucharest. The accounts of this quarrel having reached Constantinople,
the troops of Rmeil and of the Ttr Khn were ordered out to prevent
their coming to battle. The armies of the two infidels, however, met at
Fokshn, on the frontiers of Moldavia and Valachia. Lipl was beaten,
and upwards of 70,000 men were killed on both sides. The Ottoman army
and the Ttr troops availed themselves of this opportunity to make
numerous inroads into the countries of Moldavia and Valachia, whence
they carried off more than 100,000 prisoners, besides many thousands
of cattle. They, moreover, wasted the country, reduced the towns to
ruins, and carried the Voivode Lipl to Constantinople, where he was
imprisoned in the Seven Towers. The Voivode of Valachia was pardoned
for the sum of two thousand purses (a million of piastres), and
confirmed in his principality. Heaven be praised that I was in the
Ttr army at the time of this splendid victory; and after sharing
plentifully in the plunder, returned to the Crimea.
The third conquest is that of Canea in the island of Candia, by
Salihdr Ysuf Psh. This glorious victory must be ascribed to the
piety of Sultn Ahmed Khn, who prayed that he might obtain that island
from the Venetians, with the view of appropriating its revenues to the
endowment of two mosques. Another cause, however, of the conquest was,
that a large caravella, carrying 3,000 pilgrims, with the late chief
of the eunuchs Sunbul Agh, to Egypt, was attacked off Degirmenlik by
six Maltese vessels. After a fierce battle of two days, in which Sunbul
Agh, and the master of the caravella were killed, the Maltese became
masters of it, and carried it to Canea in Candia, where they anchored;
although this was contrary to the treaty entered into by Khair-ud-dn
Psh, according to which the infidels were not allowed to shelter in
their harbour any vessels taken by the enemies of the Ottoman empire.
The Venetians however favoured the Maltese, and even allowed all the
horses and property of the deceased chief of the eunuchs to be sold
at Canea. Sultn Ibrhm, displeased with this proceeding, feigned an
expedition against Malta, and appointed Salihdr Ysuf Psh to the
command of seven hundred ships. These first sailed as far as Navarino,
where they took in water, left twenty of the slowest sailing vessels
behind, filled the others with troops, and sailed directly for the
castle of San Todors on Candia, which immediately surrendered. They
then laid siege to Canea, which was the sixth conquest, and shall be
described shortly. Thank God! I was present at this sixth conquest,
being on board the frigate of Drk-beg, who plundered the islands
of Cerigo and Cerigotto. Ysuf Psh, the conqueror of Canea, having
returned to Constantinople, as a reward for his services, was killed at
the instigation of Jinj Khojeh.
The fourth victory was that over Vrvr by Ibshr Psh the traitor.

Vrvr Al preferred losing his place to giving up his daughter, the

wife of Ibshr Psh, to Sultn Ibrhm. The infamous traitor Ibshr
joined his father-in-law at Tokt, and persuading him that he would
accompany him to Constantinople, there to seek redress for the outrage
committed on their family, lulled him into a sleep of security; and on
arriving at a place called Cherkess, attacked him suddenly, sent his
head to Constantinople, and as a reward, received the government of
Sws.
_Defeat of Tekel Mustaf Pash_.
The Venetians having ravaged the native country of Ysuf Psh, the
conqueror of Canea, who was a Croatian by birth, and having brought
over to their interests the Uskoks, the inhabitants of those countries,
Tekel Psh was nominated commander, and besieged the castle of
Sebenico in the Adriatic sea for forty days. On the fortieth day they
were driven from the trenches by a dreadful storm, after which they
assembled in the plain of Vanul near Sebenico. The next morning they
found themselves surrounded by many thousands of banners bearing the
cross, and a bloody engagement ensued, in which 22,000 Moslems were
slain, 18,000 made prisoners, and the whole camp fell into the hands
of the infidels. I, the humble Evliy, was present at this unfortunate
battle, being in one of the regiments of Janissaries; and in order to
save myself, I fled on horseback towards the mountains of Ghulmj,
where I left my horse, entered a thick forest, and remained concealed
seven days and nights, living upon roots and herbs. The infidels then
advanced to Kilisa, where they pitched the Ottoman tents, and the
commander-in-chief even put on the turban of Tekel Mustaf Psh. The
garrison, deceived by this stratagem, came out without fear to meet the
divn, whilst the infidels rushed in, and thus became masters of that
strong hold. Such misfortunes never befel the Ottoman empire as those
which followed the defeat at Sebenico. The ships with pilgrims were
captured by the Venetians, as was also the imperial fleet on its annual
cruise in the Mediterranean; and the whole were carried to Venice.
_Character of Sultn Ibrhm._
Kara Mustaf Psh, the brave and sagacious vezr, being put to death,
the Sultn fell into the hands of all the favourites and associates of
the harem, the dwarfs, the mutes, the eunuchs, the women, particularly
Jinj Khojeh, and the vezr Ahmed Hazr-pra Psh, who corrupted
him to such a degree that he received bribes from his own vezrs. He
lavished the treasures of Egypt on his favourite women Poleh, Sheker
Pra, Tell, and Sjbghl Khsek; and squandered his revenues in
circumcision feasts, building koshks lined with sable, and in presents
to his favourite Jinj Khojeh, who at last, with the vezr Ahmed, fell
under the displeasure of the public. So loud was the cry for vengeance,
that the vezr was obliged to call to his assistance the Ottoman troops
who had served in Candia under the command of Del Husain Psh. Jinj
Khojeh, the favourite, was constantly about the person of the Sultn,
the vezr, or the vlideh; and whenever the latter went out in the
carriage or the chair, he always accompanied her. When any gave good
advice he laughed in their faces, and by his flattering conversation,
he kept the Sultn in a state of constant lethargy: in short, he knew
nothing of state affairs. He was originally called Shaikh-zdeh, and
attended with me at the college of Hmid Efend. I was then reading the
Kfiyeh with Jms cmmentay, nde my wthy tt Akhfash Efend,
when this by was taken fm his gamma int the pesence f the

S tn, whse fav he btained by eading sevea ta es, and  ed

him int the s eep f cae essness. He then eceived the name f Jinj
Khjeh. As I was we acqainted with him, I knew that he had n taste
f the secet sciences; and that the ise f his bi iant sta w d
n y tend t his wn misftne and that f the empie.
At ength Md Agh aived fm Candia t the assistance f the
S tn; bt the atte having demanded f him a pesent f ne
thsand pses, seventy sab e skins, and tw fema e s aves, he pt
himse f at the head f the Siphs and Janissaies, wh tned t
in the At-maidn in pen ebe in. S tn Ibhm was cnfined in
a pat f the pa ace ca ed Sicheh-se, and his sn Mhammed I .
was pc aimed empe. he divines and ves made beisance t
him; Devsh Mhammed was named gand ve, and Md, gh f the
Janissaies. he day afte, Ahmed Psh, the ate ve, wh had
cncea ed himse f, was discveed and tn t pieces by the pp ace,
as wee a s Yani Sieh and Jinj, and thei bdies wee thwn t
pn the At-maidn. he est f the favites wee eithe ki ed 
exi ed. Of the favite wmen, Sheke-pa was banished t Ibm, the
est wee cnfined in the  d Se,  distibted amngst the ves.
On the mning f the 25th f Rajab, S tn Mhammed pceeded in state
t the msqe f Eyb, t be invested with the swd. On his etn, he
visited the tmb f his ancest Mhammed II. and then tk his seat in
the Khs-d. In the mean time a ept was cic ated thgh the city
that S tn Ibhm had escaped fm his cnfinement, and that he was
sppted by a paty f the Bstnjs. In cnseqence f this ept,
many thsands wee in an pa, and pceeded amed t the At-maidn,
whee they eceived a _fetv_,  waant f the exectin f Ibhm
Abd--ahmn Efend. he gand ve, Md, Em-Psh, and sme f
the fist ffices f gvenment, a s assemb ed in the Sicheh Se.
he ve, with many b ws, b iged Kaa A , the exectine, t
ente the Sicheh Se and d his wk. Ibhm asked: Maste A ,
wheefe at th cme? He ep ied, My empe, t pefm y
fnea sevice.  this, Ibhm ep ied, We sha see. A then
fe pn him; and whi st they wee stgg ing, ne f A s assistants
came in, and Ibhm was fina y stang ed with a gate. his happened
in 1058 (1648). Kaa A eceived a ewad f five hnded dcats, and
was ged t emain n nge at Cnstantinp e, bt t pceed n a
pi gimage t Mecca. he cpse f the empe was washed befe the
Khs-d, and the ast payes wee ead nde the cypesses befe
the Dvn-Khneh, in the pesence f a the ves, and f S tn
Mhammed himse f, the Shaikh- -Is m acting as Imm. he ves we
b ack vei s, and hses cveed with b ack wee ed befe the cffin,
which was depsited in the mas em f S tn Mstaf I., the nc e f
S tn Ibhm.
_Reign f S tn Mhammed I ., which may Gd pepetate!_

his empe ascended the thne n Satday the 18th f Rajab 1058
(1648), being then seven yeas  d. Nt a sing e _fa s_ was fnd in
the teasy, and it was evident y necessay t c ect sme mney
by execting thse wh had sqandeed it away in the time f S tn
Md, t make the sa agess t the tps. Fm the ppety f
Jinj wee ea ied 3,000 pses; fm that f the ate ve, 5,000;
and fm that f Sheke-pa, 1,000; s that n esday the 5th f
Shabn, 3,700 pses wee distibted as pesents, and 7,000 pses as
aeas f pay. hee thsand Janissaies, wh had been pscibed and
deed t mach t Baghdd, and the same nmbe f Sephs destined
f Candia, a thgh they had n c aim t the agess, eceived 1,000

pses; and the wh e amy wee high y satisfied. On the 11th f
Shabn, the agess was distibted amngst the sevants f the Se.
he cks and cnfectines, nt having eceived any thing, ebe ed,
n which accnt the Ki j-bsh was disgaced.
_Pesna desciptin f S tn Mhammed._

hgh vey weak when he mnted the thne, he acqied stength when,
at the age f twenty, he tk t fie d spts. He had bad sh des,
stt imbs, a ta
fige, ike his fathe Ibhm; a pwef fist,
ike his nc e Md, pen fehead, gey eyes, a ddy cntenance,
and an ageeab e vice, and his caiage was pince y, in sht, that
f an empe. he ast ges had pedicted t S tn Ibhm that he
sh d have a sn ca ed Ysf (Jseph), and pssessing the beaty f
a Jseph, wh w d sbde the natins fm the east t the west, and
qe a extena and intena cmmtins. When his mthe was nea
he time, Ibhm tk an ath, that if it wee a ma e chi d, he w d
name him afte the pesn wh sh d fist bing him the gd news. By
the decee f Gd, he eceived the inte igence fm Ysf, the Imm f
the pa ace, wh at the same time ead the cnfessin f faith ve the
yng pince, ca ing him Ysf, which name he had n y seven hs;
the favites and wmen f the pa ace having insinated that Ysf
was a s aves name, and that Mhammed w d snd mch bette, he was
accding y named Mhammed, thgh in tth he gew p beatif as
Ysf. He had a sma bead, age mstaches, and was mch devted t
fie d spts.
_Histy f the es_.
Mev ev Khjeh Devsh Mhammed Psh etied fm the ffice f
defted with the ank f a Psh f thee tai s, and esided in
a mnastey f Mev evs. He was appinted gand ve when S tn
Mhammed I . came t the thne; bt having made immense cnfiscatin
f ppety in de t aise fnds f the payment f the tps, he
was b iged t etie t Ma aga, whee he was stang ed. He was a
jst and va ab e sevant f the state. His sccess was Kaa Md
Psh, wh was bn in A bania, and was bght p as a Janissay. Like
his pedecess, he was dismissed fm ffice f having spent t
mch mney in ganiing the impeia navy and amy. He was scceeded
by my d Me ek Ahmed Psh, wh was bn at Cnstantinp e; bt at
the age f thee yeas was sent t the cnty f Aba, whee he
was edcated ti he was fifteen. He was then, a ng with my mthe,
sent as a pesent t S tan Ahmed. He was cnsigned t the pages in
the haem, and my mthe was given t my fathe, sht y afte which
nin, the hmb e wite was bn. Me ek Ahmeds fathe was the
kehiy f the kapjs f Odemi-gh Osmn Psh; and having been
pesent in the batt es f Shwn, Ganjeh, and Debend, died at the
age f ne hnded and fty yeas. Me ek then became the swd-beae
and cnfidentia attendant f S tn Md I ., and n the day f
the cnqest f Baghdd, he eceived the gvenment f Dbek. He
sbseqent y enjyed a the high ffices in the state; and having he d
the gvenments f Cai and Bdin, and becme an  d and expeienced
statesman, he was at ast aised t the ank f gand ve. He sent
3,000 Siphs t aid De Hsain Psh in Candia, and a tgh (tai ) t
Bik Mstaf Psh. By this assistance, De Hsain was enab ed t
take the cast es f Se ina and Retim. he f wing yea Hasm Ogh
A Psh was made Kapdn Psh, and sai ed t the Mediteanean
with a f eet f 300 vesse s, eqa t the fams f eet f K A

Psh. Afte an engagement with the infide s, in which the atte wee
defeated, the f eet anched in the hab f Kaa Khjeh e, and the
tps having cae ess y gne n she, the infide s came pn them
and set fie t fty ga eys and e even ga ens. When the news f
this ca amity eached the ve, he ffeed t give p the sea s, bt
the empe w d nt accept his esignatin, and ths he emained in
ffice with a sa ay f 700 pses.
_he case f his fa ._

he gaisn at Av having mtinied f want f pay, and mdeed

sme f thei ffices, thee hnded pses f mney wee changed
int dcats, and wee sent ff by messenges n hseback, it being
impssib e t fwad them by sea in the winte seasn. hese thee
hnded pses wee evied pn the mechants and tadesmen f
Cnstantinp e, t whm the Defted Em Psh, Kadda Kehiy, and
the inspect f the cstms Hasan Che eb, distibted inen, ed
and b e Mcc eathe, and dgs, the cnfiscated ppety f many
Ms mns. One mning a the gi ds f Cnstantinp e assemb ed in
ams n the At-Maidn, and with cies f A h! A h! pceeded t
the ya Se t make thei cmp aints against the thee ffices
abve mentined. he S tn sent thee times f Me ek Ahmed, wh,
feaing the vi ence f the mb, efsed t cme. At ast the kapj a
kehiys (chief chambe ain), and the khs da bsh (chief f the
pages), came and insisted that he sh d eithe cme t the pesence 
give p the sea s. With the atte ppsa he at nce cmp ied, and
was aftewads appinted gven f Si istia, thgh he cntined t
eside sme time at a hse ca ed the pj a Se in the vicinity
f Cnstantinp e.
he gand ve wh scceeded him was Svsh Psh, an Aba by
bith. He was fist chkad t S tn Md I ., then Kapdn Psh,
and passed thgh a the ffices in Egypt. he ki a-gh, Dv
S emn Agh, having stang ed the mthe f S tn Md, Ksem
S tneh, with he wn hai, and ki ed the gh f the Janissaies,
thei ietenant-genea and thei secetay, was ne day basting
f his feats, when he sdden y gave Svsh a b w n the face, and
taking the sea s fm him, gave them t Gj Mhammed Psh. Gj
had fme y btained sme epte as jebbehj bsh (chief f the
amy) in the wa f Htn. He scceeded in aising a age f eet,
and sent tw thsand Janissaies and thee thsand Siphs t Candia;
bt was dismissed fm ffice n the petext f being imbeci e. His
sccess akhnj Ahmed Psh had been kehiy t the ves Ms and
Ha-peh Ahmed Psh. He was sbseqent y made gand ve f Egypt
and f the Cp a; and thgh he aised the means f sppting the
navy and amy, and kept bth in an exce ent state, he was pt t death
n the p ea f being a tait.
Kapdn Bk Devsh Mhammed Psh was a s ave f Mstaf, the
ki a-gh f S tn Othmn, and a native f Cicassia. He was a man
pssessed f geat abi ity, and tk a geat inteest in the affais
f state; bt by the decee f Gd, he was attacked by a paa ytic
stke, which cnfined him six mnths. Ding this peid, the bsiness
f his ffice was tansacted by Me ek Ahmed Psh, as km-makm 
ietenant. His disease pved fata , and the sea s wee cnsigned a
secnd time t Me ek Ahmed Psh; bt afte a cns tatin f a the
U em, which asted f seven hs, n the sggestin f Me ek Ahmed
himse f, it was es ved that the sea s sh d be sent t Ibsh Psh,
a e atin f the fams ebe Aba Psh, then gven f Ha eb,

and a eady nticed f the teaches manne in which he ki ed his

fathe-in- aw, v Psh. He accepted the ffice; bt nt wishing t
cme t Cnstantinp e, he excsed himse f by p eading the necessity
f qe ing sme distbances n the Pesian fntie, whithe he
mached with a hnded thsand men. Afte epeated invitatins, and
having been pesented with Aisha S tneh, the widw f ink Ahmed
Psh, as his wife, he at ast, afte a mach f seven mnths, aived
at Sctai, bt w d nt ente Cnstantinp e. he ki a gh, and
Sheikh- -Is m, then waited pn him at his pa ace at Sctai; and,
pesenting him with a sab e pe isse and a dagge set with jewe s,
invited him in the name f the empe t visit Cnstantinp e,
ppsing at the same time t eave sevea pshs and U em as
hstages in his camp.  this he cnsented, and had an adience with
the empe; bt the day afte he was n the pint f etning, and it
was with geat diffic ty that he was pevai ed pn t make a pb ic
enty int Cnstantinp e at the head f his amy f eighty thsand
men. His fist mease was t insist pn the necessity f sending the
km-makm, Ahmed Psh, t n, n the Pesian fntie, n accnt
f the distbances in that qate. he empe emnstated that
it was nt a ppe pvince f s  d and meitis a ve; bt
Ibsh ep ied, that it was a fine pvince f twenty-seven sanjaks
and an anna evene f a hnded thsand piastes. he dip ma f
the Psh was theefe instant y made t and sent t Me ek Ahmed by
a chambe ain and ten chvshes, wh pessed his immediate depate.
Me ek Ahmed, n ascetaining the bject f thei visit, aised the
fimn, witht kissing it, t his head, and pesented thee pses
with a sab e pe isse t the chambe ain, and fifty piastes t each
f the chvshes. He hweve emained five days nge in making the
necessay aangements f his jney. On the fifth day, Ibsh
cmp ained t the empe f Me eks de ay, and ged the empe t
pt him t death f his disbedience. he day afte, the empe sent
a chambe ain t ca Me ek, and n his appeaing was asked why he
de ayed ging t s desiab e a pvince as n, which, accding t
the accnt f Ibsh, had an incme f a hnded thsand piastes.
Me ek b d y dec aed that what Ibsh stated was fa se; that Ibsh
had n means f knwing, having neve been admitted int the citade
by the mtins gaisn, and that the evene scace y amnted t
seven thsand piastes. he empe immediate y ca ed f pen and
ink, and with his wn hand wte a khatishef, by which the pwe
f appinting a the gvens fm Sctai t Egypt and Baghdd,
tgethe with the tit e f gven genea , was cnfeed pn Me ek
Ahmed. Besides that, five hnded pses f g d, ne hnded stings
f m es, as many came s, an impeia tent, and tw sab e pe isses wee
given t him; and the empe addessing him said: Pceed nw, my
L , and, if it p ease Gd, I ppse sme day t visit that cnty.
At this Ibsh became pa e as death, whi st Me ek, afte having ffeed
p payes f his Majestys pspeity, went t, and, escted by
the bstnj-bsh, he and his etine passed ve t Sctai in ne
hnded and fifty bats. Hee he emained a week in the pa ace f
K-S tneh, making pepaatins f his jney. Afte a mach f
ne hnded and seventeen days he enteed n; and n the same day a
messenge, named Ye dim ( ightning), having tave ed with the speed
f ightning, aived binging the news f the mde f Ibsh at
Cnstantinp e.
Md Psh was made gand ve a secnd time; bt the tps nt
being satisfied with him, he was dismissed fm ffice; and dying
sht y afte in the pa ace f And Psh, he was bied in the
tmb which the atte had bi t f himse f. It is e ated as a we
knwn sty that, that when Md Psh, head that And Psh was

bi ding a tmb f himse f, he said: P ease Gd! he sha nt have
the satisfactin f being bied in it, bt I wi by a b ack hg in
it. he event was, that he himse f was bied in it.
Si ihd S emn Psh was appinted gven f Rme , afte having
been f sme time swd-beae t the empe. He was bn at Ma tieh
and edcated in the impeia haem, and was an amiab e and wthy
ve. He was dismissed n sme s ight petext, and was scceeded by
Znen Mstaf Psh, an A banian by bith, and edcated in the
impeia haem. He was defted ding the veat f Me ek Ahmed
Psh, bt was degaded n accnt f his geat avaice, and fi ed
sevea infei ffices. he sea s wee cnfeed pn him mee y t
tanta ie him, f he had t etn them ne h afte he eceived
them: ths he had the p ease f enjying n y a faint shadw f the
dignity f gand ve. he sea s wee then sent by the khsek, Siph
Mhammed, t De Hsain, wh was engaged in the siege f Candia. Bt
the khsek, having been de ayed by cntay winds n his passage fm
Menkesheh t Candia, was vetaken by anthe messenge, wh bght
back the sea s. hey wee then sent t Svsh, the gven f O
(Ocakv), wh became gand ve a secnd time. At this time Me ek
Ahmed Psh, having been eca ed fm the gvenment f n, was
de ayed at Eem, by the winte, n his etn t Cnstantinp e.
Hee he eceived the news f the death f the ve Svsh, and f
Defted Zdeh, wh was stang ed nde the fa se accsatin f
having been cncened in the death f Svsh. Bin Eg Mhammed
Psh was next nminated gand ve, and in his absence his dties
wee pefmed by Haide Agh-Zdeh, as km-makm. Bin Eg,
hweve, immediate y sent t Me ek Ahmed, inviting him t etn t
Cnstantinp e, whi st Haide Agh-Zdeh was appinted gven f
Ocakv. On the vey day that Me ek Ahmed tk his seat amngst the
ves f the Cp a, Haide, wh was setting t f Si ivia fm
Si istia, was mdeed, and his pvince was cnfeed pn Me ek
Ahmed Psh. Bin Eg Psh having thgh his avaice st his
ffice, Kpe Mhammed Psh was appinted his sccess. his
man being invested with abs te pwe, and being ambitis t bing
g y t the Ottman pwe, ki ed in Anat ia f hnded thsand
ebe s, seventeen ves, fty-ne beg ebegs, seventy sanjk begs,
thee m ahs, and a mghebn sheikh. He pptined the expendite
f the empie t its evenes, which he cnsideab y en aged by
sevea cnqests. he ast ges and caba ists ca this Kpe
_Shib Khaj_, _i.e._ Expendit. He is bied in the mas em, nea
the p ty-maket (k-b). He was an A banian by bith, bt mst
ea s and active in the case f the te faith. He was edcated
in the impeia haem, and when Khsa Psh eft it with the ank
f Agh f the Janissaies, Kpe was pmted t the ffice f
Khaneh-d. Afte him his sn, Fi Ahmed Psh, was named gand
ve. He was nt f a b d-thisty dispsitin ike his fathe, bt
shewed himse f a vits, pight, pdent, and hnab e gven.
He was bn in the vi age f Kp in the pvince f Sivs, and at
fist devted himse f t the stdy f the aw, bt was aftewads
appinted gven f Eem, then km-makm, and ast y gand ve.
He was the fist instance f a sns h ding the sea s in sccessin
fm the fathe. Of the cast es which he edced, may be mentined
thse f Kamenick and Candia. He died between Adianp e and Rdst,
n the _chift ik_ (estate) f Kaa Bvi, and was bied beside his
fathe.
His sccess was Kaa Mstaf Psh, wh was a s edcated in the
haem f the Kpe s, and at diffeent peids he d the ffices
f chief maste f the hse, gven f Si istia, kapdn psh,

km-makm, and ast y, gand ve. He was the sn f a Siph f

Mefn, and was a mst exce ent and pdent ministe.
_ es f Pvinces in the time f S tn Mhammed I ._
Ding the ebe in in which S tn Mhammed was aised t the thne,
when the Janissaies wee beaten by the Siphs, and ads f dead
bdies wee thwn int the sea, when Haide-Agh-Zdeh, nab e t make
Seag i-pint, st a geat nmbe f his ga ies, n that same day,
Mte Psh was appinted gven f Damascs; Me ek Ahmed Psh was
tansfeed fm Dbeke t Baghdd; Zi e -Chvsh-Zdeh Mhammed
Psh made gven f Jesa em; Em Psh, gven f Egypt; Nghi
Ogh , gven f Ha eb (A epp); Ham And Mhammed Psh, f
ip i; and Afsb Ogh , f Basa.
_Pince f S tn Mhammed I ._

he Pince Mstaf was bn in the yea 1071 (A.D. 1660).
_Mnments f S tn Mhammed I ._
He bi t a msqe at Cai, n the spt ca ed Ibhm Psh
Kadam- t. Ove the gate thee is a chngaph by Zek Che eb, in
the a k hand. He a s bi t the kshks f Jm jeh, Kaa Aghach,
Ak-bik, and the Ad et, which was ebi t afte the fie in the
impeia pa ace; a in the yea 1071 (1660).
_ icties and Cnqests, at which S tn Mhammed I . was pesent in
pesn._

he fist was the exectin f the ebe s in the At-maidn. In the same
mnth the ebe Haide Ogh was defeated in Anat ia, and caied
pisne t Cnstantinp e by the Agh f the cmans, Kaa Aba.
he ve, Khajeh Mev ev, seeing that his thigh-bne was bken by
a msket-ba , and that thee was n hpe f his ecvey, deed
him t be exected immediate y. He was theefe hanged at the gate
ca ed Pamak-kap, whee his bdy emained thee days, and was
aftewads thwn int the sea. In the same yea, Em Psh defeated
twenty thsand ebe is Aabs ff A gies; and Gj Ibn and
Katej-gh wee defeated by the ve, Kaa Mstaf Psh. he fist
f these, at the head f eighty thsand men, had avaged Anat ia as
fa as Sctai, and had taken p his psitin n the heights ppsite
Cnstantinp e, ca ed B gh Jm jeh. He demanded seventy heads,
and the gvenment f Ha eb (A epp). Defted-deh Mhammed Psh
ed t his tps against him, and a batt e was fght at Zi jm jeh.
Md Psh aiving in pesn t the aid f the impeia tps; the
ebe s wee cmp ete y ted.
_Defeat f the Dses in Syia by Mte Psh._
Yvshj Mhammed Agh and Na band A Agh, the cmmandes f Safet,
wed ne thsand pses which wee t be paid by the Dses; bt as
the payment was de ayed, Mte Psh tk the fie d against them with
seventy bannes. A geat batt e tk p ace at Nka, whee the Dses
wee beaten; and instead f ne thsand pses, wee nw b iged t

pay thee thsand. I, the hmb e wite, had this yea (1059) made
the pi gimage t Mecca by way f Egypt, and n my etn t Syia was
pesent at this batt e, which I cmmemated by a chngaph.
_Cnqest f Se ina and Retim in Candia._
In the same yea Dashnik and Hainaf, tw ebe s wh wee ffended
with Me ek Ahmed Psh becase they had nt eceived the appintment
f Aghs f the cmans, assemb ed a nmbe f tps at Sctai,
avaged Anat ia, pi aged a caavan, and pitched thei camp between
Lefkeh and Sgd. Me ek Psh, with the tps f sme the Pshs,
attacked them in this p ace, edced thei stength, and chased the
geate pat f them int the mntains. Dashnik Emea and Hainafi
Kha feh wee made pisnes, and n thei way t Cnstantinp e,
wee met at Jis ( Kp) by the Bstnj Bsh, wh caied an
impeia _fimn_ f thei exectin. hey wee accding y beheaded,
and thei heads wee thwn dwn befe the impeia gate. By the
divine pemissin a steam f ight ested that night n the head f
Hainaf Kha feh, which was witnessed by sevea hndeds f pesns.
Seventeen days afte this, a ebe in bke t, by which Ahmed Psh
was b iged t esign the sea s and etie t the gvenment f O
(Ocakv).
_Defeat f the Infide F eet by Kapdn Chvsh Zdeh._

his Kapdn bght t Cnstantinp e thee ga ies and a ga in,

which he had taken fm the f eet f the despicab e infide s.
_Attack n the Cssacks, by Mhammed Ghe Khn, at Ocakv._

he es t f this expeditin by this bave t, was the capte f
ne hnded and fifty thsand pisnes. In the same yea, Ka gh
S tn made an inad pn M davia, penetating as fa as Yassy,
Fkshan, and Htn, and caying ff ne hnded and fifty thsand
pisnes, and ne hnded thsand head f catt e f vais kinds.
he Cssacks wee a s defeated nea ana by Me ek Ahmed Psh, wh,
attacking thei bats which had been eft pn the she, tk twenty
f them, bt the est escaped. Of the men wh wee n she, seven
hnded wee made pisnes and a thsand ki ed. his tk p ace in
the yea 1064 (1650). he cast e Gnieh, n the mth f the ive
Jgh n the B ack Sea, was de iveed by Ketnj-deh Mhammed Psh
in the yea 1065. In the same yea the Khn f Bet s, Abd Khn,
was sbded by Me ek Ahmed Psh, wh a s, in the f wing yea,
de iveed the cast e f Ocakv fm the Cssacks. he cast e f
eneds was de iveed fm the enetians by Kpe Mhammed Psh.
_Defeat f Rakcy._
Rakcy, wh had been named King f P and by the gand ve Byn,
Eg, bt was nt acknw edged as sch by his sccess Kpe ,
assemb ed tw hnded thsand men, in de t sppt his c aim
against the P es, wh had sent an envy t eqest the assistance f
the Ottman ams. In cnseqence f this app icatin, the t Khn,
Me ek Mhammed Ghe, and Me ek Ahmed Psh, the gven f Ocakv,
tk the fie d against Rakcy, wh was defeated, and f ed with thee
hnded hsemen t the mntains f Sek es in ansy vania. In

the engagement, fty thsand infide s wee s ain, and seventeen
pinces, with Rakcys ministe, taken pisnes, afte which, the
amies f the t Khn, and Me ek Ahmed Psh, mached victis y
t Ak-kemn. I, the hmb e Ev iy, wh cmpsed a chngaph f
this ccasin, eceived seventeen pisnes, twenty hses, ten sab e
pe isses, a pai f si ve stips, and the si ve atic es, as
my shae f the bty. he Hngaians seeing the defeat f Rakcy,
assemb ed an immense amy cmpsed f vais natins, with which they
attacked emisva, Lippa, Cianad, G ia, and Fecsat. Cmp aints fm
these p aces having eached the Pte, the gven f Bda, Kanan
Psh, eceived des t mach against the invading enemy. On the
banks f the Mas, between Lippa and Ad, the Psh encnteed
eighty thsand f the hsti e amy and was ted, bt saved himse f
and sme thsands f his cava y by a f ight t S ankament. In this
defeat the Ottman amy st n ess than e even thsand men. Kanan
Psh was in cnseqence emved fm Bda, and the gvenment was
given t Seid Ahmed Psh f Bsnia; whi st the gvenment f Bsnia
was cnfeed pn Me ek Ahmed Psh. In the same yea, Seid Ahmed
Psh, with twe ve thsand bave hsemen, enteed the pvince f
ansy vania by Demi-kap (the In Gate), gave batt e t the detested
Rakcys amy, wh defended the cast e f K jva, and defeated them,
with the assistance f Hsain Psh, the bthe f the gven f
emisva, Svsh Psh. he white bdies f the infide s wee stewed
pn the white snw; and the caiages, cannn, and tents wee sent t
Cnstantinp e; whee, hweve, n thanks wee vted t Seid Psh f
the victy, n was even a we dne said n the ccasin, a thgh
it was a victy nt ess bi iant than that f E a by Mhammed III.;
f Seid Psh had n me than e even thsand men ppsed t a
hnded and sixty thsand infide s, nw inhabitants f he . he vi e
Rakcy escaped t the cast e f K jva, whee he began t c ect a
new amy.

he empe having head f the depedatins cmmitted by the infide s

in Bsnia, appinted Me ek Ahmed t the cmmand f an amy against
Zaa. he Psh assemb ed his tps nde the wa s f this ftess,
bt nt being ab e t edce it, he p ndeed the neighbing cnty,
attacked the cast e f Rinjisi, which he tk afte a stm f seven
hs, and caied ff the inhabitants.
In the same yea Rakcy having efsed t pay the tibte de by
ansy vania, and having encamped with tw hnded thsand men nde
K jva, was attacked a secnd time by Seid Psh with fty thsand
chsen tps f Bda, E a, emisva, and Kanisa. Rakcy was beaten,
wnded, and b iged t f y t Ka va, whee he expied, ca ing t,
Receive me, O Jess! Jess hweve w d nt eceive him, bt he
was seied by the ange Aa . Seid Psh caied an immense bty,
with sevea thsand heads t Cnstantinp e; bt even by this signa
exp it he c d nt gain the empes fav.

he ftesses f Lippa, Jen, and Lgs wee cnqeed by Kpe
Mhammed Psh, wh a s epaied the ftificatins f Aad and
Jen, and was n the eve f ndetaking an expeditin against the
ansy vanian ftesses, when he eceived epeated impeia escipts,
intimating that it was nt the empes wish t cntine the wa any
nge in that cnty, and that sh d the Psh even bing the king
f ansy vania  the empe f Gemany pisnes t Cnstantinp e,
it w d nt meet his Majestys appbatin; bt he was desied t
pceed with a pssib e speed t the Pte, becase Kaa Hsain
Psh in Anat ia, S Kanan Psh, Say Mhammed Psh, and fty
ebe is Begs wee maching against Bsa. Kpe , n eceiving

this _khatishef_, exc aimed, We dne, Kaa Hsain, t cme at

this mment t the aid f the Hngaian infide ; may the es t be
ftnate! Pepaatins f depate wee immediate y cmmenced, and
it was pc aimed that a wh va ed thei bead and hn sh d
epai t Cnstantinp e in de t engage in the e igis wa
(_gha_). Sinn Psh and Seid Psh wee eft t ptect the cast e
f Jen, whi st Kpe mached with the geatest pssib e haste
twads Cnstantinp e, in the vicinity f which, at Kiaght-Khneh,
he encamped. he tps wee dai y paid, and thee thsand Siphs
and seven thsand Janissaies, wh wee absent fm the eview, had
thei names stck ff the ists. he empe f the seven c imates
then mved his camp t Sctai; fetvs f the mftis f the f
thdx sects wee cic ated thght Anat ia, and fimns wee
sent t Kaa Mte Psh, the gven f Dbek, t Gj Mstaf
Psh, gven f Eem; and t tsk A Psh, gven f Ha eb
(A epp), wh wee a smmned t mach against Aba Kaa Hasan
Psh. he atte in the same yea defeated Mte Psh, the gven
f Dbek, in the fie d f U ghn, and b iged him t f y t Ha eb.
He then c ected his Segbns and Sajehs, and excited sch a te
in the f ves, wh wee, besides, mch distessed by a scacity
f pvisins, that they sent messenges t Cnstantinp e t btain
padn f the ebe s, wh, at the same time, had taken pssessin f
A epp.
In the same yea Me ek Ahmed Psh f Bsnia sent seven thsand heads
t the Pte, and annnced the edctin f the ftesses f Kmn,
Kid, and Rinja. A Psh, wh had the gvenment f the Dadane es,
was emved, and sent against the cast e f Aad, which sendeed.

he ebe in f Mehneh Beg in a achia being evident, Fa Psh,

Jn As n Psh, and sevea Begs wee sent against him. he tw
amies met at Ggiv, and the Ottman amy was defeated. At the same
time the pince f M davia, Bnsi Kstantin (Cnstantine witht
a nse) eected the standad f ebe in at Yassy, began t cin new
_ tas_ (mney), and tk pssessin f M davia. he t Khn f
the Cimea, and the ts f Bjk, wee deed against him; whi st
yng Stefan, sn f Lip , the ate pince f M davia, a pisne
in the Seven wes, was nminated pince. On this ccasin Kemn-kesh
Ahmed Agh was appinted _Iskem a-Agh_ (agh f the chai), and
Si hsh Ahmed Agh, the Sanjak-gh (gh f the banne.[7]) he
amy eached Yassy n a sevee winte day, when a batt e ensed, the
es t f which was the f ight f Bnsi Kstantin, the ss f ten
thsand men n the pat f the infide s, and the estab ishment f
pince Stefan. he f ying M davians wee psed by the ts as fa
as a achia, and the wh e cnty was avaged by fie. Fa Psh
and Jn As n Psh, wh at this time wee sht p in the ftess f
Gjiv, wee in the geatest distess, and had a eady es ved t
dwn themse ves, when the infide s being afaid f the ts, eft
the tenches and f ed t Bchaest. he Ottmans psed them, and
tk a geat nmbe f pisnes and immense bty. he ts, a s,
cntined thei psit afte the infide s as fa as the mntains f
Pashva (Knstadt) n Ishva (Osva), and tk pisnes twenty
thsand a achians and sixty-seven thsand M davians. hs, Gd be
paised! in twenty days a achia and M davia wee edced; and I,
the hmb e wite, wh was pesent, eceived as my shae the va e f
twenty pisnes. Yng Stefan pesented me with a pse f g d, six
sadd e-hses, and a be; and Gha-Zdeh, the Agh f the Sanjak,
gave me a pse, ne hse, and a fine by. On the fty-secnd day
we enteed Adianp e. Gd be paised that I was in this bi iant
expeditin! I then pceeded t jin my d, Me ek Ahmed Psh, whm

I fnd at H na. Wee I, hweve, t descibe the Bsnian victies,

my ist w d be extended t an incnvenient ength.  be bief, my
d, Me ek Ahmed Psh, was emved fm the gvenment f Bsnia,
and n a Mnday, the 12th f Rabi -evve 1071 (1660), was pmted
t the gvenment f Rme . he pvince f Bsnia was given t
A Psh, the cnqe f Aad, wh, in the yea 1072 (1661) was
a s appinted cmmande f the amy against Kemeny, in ansy vania.
Seventy sanjaks, twenty das f Janissaies and ati eymen, and f
B ks, a tgethe amnting t eighty-seven thsand men, assemb ed n
the p ains f emesva, and headed, afte the death f A Psh, by
Seid Psh, enteed ansy vania by the Demi-kap, and encamped n
the p ain f Hjak. On the twentieth day they wee jined by Shh P d
Agh, with fty thsand ts, wh had been sent t distess Kemeny,
and had btained sef infmatin f the mvements f the enemy, and
taken sevea thsands f pisnes. he e f Bde, Ismai Psh,
had the cmmand f the vangad, and ansy vania was avaged f
eight mnths, as fa as the eiss, which Hsain Psh, the bthe f
Svsh Psh was deed t pass. He advanced with his chsen tps
as fa as Kasha and Hasswa, and ppsed the sn f Z m as king
f ansy vania. he pep e, hweve, having dec aed that they w d
have n the king bt Kemeny, with whm they wee satisfied, Hsain,
afte encnteing a thsand diffic ties, epassed the eiss. Ismai
Psh having been appinted cmmande against the Sek es, etned
t the impeia camp with seventeen thsand pisnes. He then mved
his camp t Odvahe , whee he pc aimed the infide , Apasty Miche ,
king, and c ected tw thsand pses (a mi in f piastes), being
the aeas f tibte which had been de f thee yeas. his yea
(1071), ding  stay nea the cast e f Smaj, at Sibn, we
eceived inte igence f the death f Kpe Mhammed, and f the
pmtin f his sn t the vaat. A geat batt e, a s, n a sevee
wintes day, was fght at Fgash: the amy etned by the Demi
kap, with fty thsand waggns and a hnded thsand pisnes, and
wee sent int winte qates. My d, Me ek Ahmed Psh, tk p
his winte qates at Be gade, whence, by the expess cmmand f the
empe, he epaied t Cnstantinp e, t be pesent at the maiage
f Ftima, the daghte f S tn Ahmed. My d had been a ve
f the cp a f thee mnths when he died, and was bied in the
bia -gnd f Eyb, at the feet f his ate maste, Kech Mhammed
Efend. hs the nftnate Ev iya was eft witht a patn; bt Gd
is mecif !
[7] w ffices eqisite at the insta atin f the pinces f
a achia and M davia.

he f wing cast es wee a s cnqeed: Uiv, Lita, Nvgd,

Lwa, Sikn, Kemn, Deegi , H k, and Byk, and many thsands f
pisnes wee taken. Bt fty-seven days ea ie the fams victy
f Gan was wn, which might be cmpaed t the victies f E a
and Mhj. It was f wed by the fa f the cast es f Kiskiv,
Kemenv, Egevd, Egeek, Ba ashka, Washn, and fty thes, which
wee a bnt. A these be nged t Zen Ogh (Ziny). Befe
Kiskiv was cnqeed, it was necessay t de ive fm the hands f
the infide s the cast es f Essek, Lippva, Sik s, Beks, Kapshv,
Kpen, Nadas, Beebisinj, Siget, and Kania, which wee a besieged
by the Geman E ects. When, hweve, they head f the aiva f
the gand ve, they aised the siege f Kanisa, and f ed t the new
cast e (Kiskiv), which was a s sbseqent y cnqeed. Catia was
avaged, thity-six cast es wee bnt, and the inhabitants caied
away captives.

E ated with sch sccess, the Ms em amy advanced t the ive

Raab, whee, afte the cnqest f Kiskiv, it was defeated by the
mismanagement f the gand ve, Ismai Psh, and Gj Mhammed
Psh. Many thsands f Ms ems wee dwned in the Raab; the Sipahs
wee deceived by a etgade mtin f the Janissaies, and these,
seeing the eteat f the Sipahs, a s tk t f ight, in cnseqence
f which the bidge bke dwn, and an immense nmbe f men wee
dwned. he ve defended himse f bave y f twenty-f hs
nge, bt at ast eteated t Sth weissenbg, whence he sent
ppsa s f peace. He then tk p his winte qates at Be gade,
and an envy having been sent fm the Geman empe, Kaa Mhammed
Psh was dispatched as ambassad t ienna, and the hmb e ath
eceived des t accmpany him in the embassy. he peace being
cnc ded at ienna, I tave ed, with the empes patent, thgh
Gemany t Dnkik, thence t Denmak, H and (whee I saw Amstedam),
Sweden, and Cacvie, in P and, making, in thee yeas and a ha f, the
t f the cnties f the seven infide kings (the seven E ects).
In the yea 1668, n the night f the Pphets ascensin, I fnd
myse f n the Ottman fntie, at the cast e f ghan-kechid, n
the Dneiste. Cndcted by my gides, wh wee Kaks, I saw ights
in the minaet, and, f the fist time, afte s ng an absence,
I head the snd f the Mhammedan ca t paye. As the gates f
the cast e ae c sed afte snset, I spent the night in ne f the
Ba hses tside, and in the mning cssed the ive t Shhn
Gemn, whence in thee days I eached the Cimea, and cntined my
jney thgh Dghistn t Rssia. Hee, Gd be paised, I cmp eted
my tave s thgh the seven c imates. I then tave ed seventy days
with the Rssian envy, and jining Ak Mhammed Psh and his depty, I
etned t the Cimea. Hee I eceived pesents fm the t Khn,
Chbn Ghe Ogh , and tave ing with Ak Mhammed Psh, wh had
been depived f his gvenship, I eached Cnstantinp e in eighty
days. hence I pceeded t Adianp e, and aftewads t Candia,
which sendeed t Kpe Zdeh Fi Ahmed Psh in 1080 (1669),
afte a stgg e f thee yeas. his was f wed by the cnqest f
Maina, and the bi ding f the cast e f Zaenta in 1081 (1670). In the
same yea Kamienik, in P and, ne f the stngest ftesses f the
infide s, was edced, and msqes wee eected in it. F this, and
sevea the p aces, the King f P and paid tibte t the Pte. he
victis s tan then pceeded t his secnd capita , Adianp e, and
fixed his winte qates at Hj Ogh Pasn, whi st the gand ve
emained at Bbtgh. he s tan sbseqent y emved t Yassi, and
the ve emained whee he was.
A the ftesses and cast es cnqeed wee adned with msqes,
wheein divine wship was pefmed accding t the te faith, and
in the name f S tan Mhammed I ., whse eign may Gd pepetate.
Hee I cnc de my histica accnt f the s tns, and thei ves
and mfts, fm Mhammed II. t Md I ., wh ae a bied at
Cnstantinp e.
Having digessed a itt e, by giving an accnt f the statistics and
pincipa histica events, I sha nw esme my desciptin f the
impeia msqes f Cnstantinp e.
_Desciptin f the Msqe f the ideh._

his bi ding was ndetaken, at an immense expense, by the S tneh

ideh, the mthe f Mhammed II.; bt at he death it emained

nfinished, and fe int decay. It was then ca ed _ meh_ (the

dak); bt, when the ideh was tave ing in the cnty, afte
the bning f Cnstantinp e, the fndatins wee c eaed f the
bbish, and the s tn, devting five thsand pses fm his wn
teasy, deed the bi ding t be cmp eted. It was then ca ed
_ad eh_ (the jst). It is nw the tenth f the impeia msqes f
Cnstantinp e, and is sitated between the Shahd Kap-s (gate f
matys) and the B ik B (fish maket), in the qate f the Jews,
whse hses, by the divine pemissin, being bnt dwn, themse ves
wee banished fm the spt, and the gnd ccpied by thei hses
was added t the ct and maket f the msqe, which was cmp eted
in ten yeas, and was ppe y ca ed ad eh instead f  meh.
he nth f the bi ding ks twads the wa s f the city, and
n the sth is the geat ct (haam). he cp a, fm its base
t the tp, meases n ess than seventy yads. he wh e is bi t
pn an e evated pavement, which is ascended n f sides by f ights
f steps. he msqe is bi t in the same sty e as the msqe f the
Pinces, and that f S tn Ahmed I. in the At-maidn; f sma
semi-cp as sppt the cente ne, which is besides sppted by
f age c mns. he mahfi f the mans is e evated by sma
c mns; and the mahfi f the empe is n the eft hand, made f the
mst exqisite mab e-wk. One f its c mns ccasined the death
f Ysf Psh, the cnqe f Egypt. Sme infmes accsed him f
having in his pssessin a pi a f pe g d, which, hweve, pn
examinatin was fnd t be n y f ye w stne; bt this discvey
was made when it was t ate; and this va ab e c mn, which shines
bighte than g d, was pt nde the empes mahfi . he bi ding
is we
ighted by a geat nmbe f windws, and at night by amps.
he mehb (ecess) and mimbe (p pit) ae f fine vaiegated stne.
he gates ae five in nmbe; tw side gates, ne f the imm, ne
f the khatb, and the fifth facing the mehb. he ich tappings
and naments sspended in the msqe ae neqa ed, nt n y in any
msqe in Cnstantinp e, bt thght the dminins f the Is m.
he ds and windw-shttes ae a in aid with mthe--pea ; and
the Pesian and Egyptian capets, with which the f  is cveed,
give the msqe the appeaance f a Chinese picte ga ey. N whee
e se is thee t be seen s geat a nmbe f beatif insciptins.
Ove evey windw ae veses fm the saced wd, inscibed by
eknj-Zdeh Mstaf Che eb, in the Kaahis hand. he sheikhs f
this p ace wee the ce ebated peaches an, and Ispe Efend. In
the time f S tn Mhammed I . it was the est f the mst enwned
dcts, pfesss, and eades f the Kn. he geat gate is
namented with a beatif chngaph in g den ettes, expessing
the date 1074. he age ct-yad, which ies befe the pincipa
gate, is paved with mab e and snded by stne benches. he cp as
ae cveed with ead, and the windws ae f g ass. In the cente f
the yad ae a fntain and basin. he haem  ct-yad has tw side
gates and ne gand gate, which pens int a secnd  te ct,
p anted with diffeent sts f tees. On the kib a side is a mas em
intended f the S tneh ideh, t whm may Gd gant ng ife!
In the gaden befe the haem S tn Mhammed bi t, n the b wak
ca ed Km ik Ka a, a kshk esemb ing thse in Paadise. On the
sth and west sides f the geat ct ae bi t abt a thsand
shps f stne (the Egyptian maket). his gand ct has f gates,
and tw fty minehs, the tps f which being cveed with bne,
da e the eyes f the beh des by thei bightness. hey ae bth f
thee sties.
_Desciptin f the Msqe f Ab -vaf._

he e eventh impeia msqe is that f the sheikh Ab -vaf, bi t by

S tn Mhammed, n a sma sca e, bt eminent n accnt f its age
and sanctity. It has ne mineh, a ct, a sch , and a bath.
_Desciptin f the Msqe f Em Naj._

his, ike the fme, is a sma msqe, bi t by S tn Mhammed the

Cnqe. It has a mineh and an imet (efecty).
_he Fatheh Msqe._

his msqe was fme y a age cnvent, and was cnveted int a
msqe by S tn Mhammed the Cnqe, wh a s bi t the Ota-jmi,
 the msqe f the Janissaies, in the midd e f thei baacks. It
was destyed by fie, bt ebi t by S emn Kehiy.
he abve ae the impeia msqes within the wa s f Cnstantinp e;
the mst emakab e f thse in the sbbs ae the f wing: he
msqe f Eyb; the msqe f Jehng at p-khneh; the msqe
f Mhammed II. in the cast e f Rme ; the msqe f Md I .
in the ppe cast e f Rme , ca ed Kawk, nea Bykdeeh; the
msqe f the same s tn in the cast e ppsite, Kawk Anad i, 
Maj; the msqe f the cnqe in the de ightf va ey f Kk-s
(the Aetas); the msqe f S tneh Mehmh, the daghte f S tn
S emn, in the hab f Sctai; and a secnd msqe at Sctai, f
the ideh f S tn Md I ., Ksem S tneh.
hese ae the impeia msqes in the sbbs f Cnstantinp e; bt
thee ae many me in the vi ages n the shes f the Bsphs,
which, if it p ease Gd, sha be descibed in thei ppe p ace.

SECION X I.
_Of the Msqes f the es at Cnstantinp e._

he mst ancient f these is the msqe f Mahmd Psh, nea the
new beestn, as age as an impeia msqe. It has thee cp as,
thee gates, and a spacis ct. Ove the pincipa gate thee is
witten in Aabic: May Gd sanctify this gd p ace t s, which is a
chngaph.
he secnd is the msqe f M Khai-ad-dn within the Cn-maket,
and, ike the fme, was bi t in the time f S tn Mhammed II.
When Khai-ad-dn was bi ding it, he was ne day distbed in his
meditatins by the nise f a stk; he exc aimed, Begne ye nisy
bids; f y witht the twn; and since that time n stk has eve
been seen within the wa s f Cnstantinp e, thgh nmbes f them
ae t be fnd in the sbbs and neighbing vi ages.
he msqe Kaheh, nea the Adianp e gate, was igina y a chch.
Khajeh Mstaf Psh, the ve f S tns Mhammed and Byad II.,
bi t the age msqe nea the Se iv gate in the yea 950 (1548).
It is snded by a yad, in which, it is said, ae bied a the

hees wh fe ding the siege f Cnstantinp e by Hn-a-ashd.

It is a msqe f geat sanctity. he chained fig-tee (inj
inj), which stands in the ct, was s ca ed, becase, when nea y
sp it and decayed, it was chained p by a pis man. he imet,
cnvent, and c ege f this msqe, ae we
attended.

he msqe f F-gh nea the At-maidn, has ne cp a, and is

a s we attended.
In the Cheh-shenbeh b (Wednesday maket) is the msqe f
Mhammed, the gh f S tn Md I .
In the Un-chsh ( ng maket) is the msqe f Ibhm Psh, the
cp a f which is cnstcted f wd.

he msqe f Yns Beg ejimn is nea the Fatheh, and has a

chngaph, giving the date f its eectin and the name f its
fnde.
he Och Bsh (thee heads), nea Zinj Kap, is s ca ed becase
it was bi t by a babe wh shaved thee heads f ne sma piece
f mney, and, ntwithstanding, gew s ich that he was enab ed t
bi d this msqe. It is a sma
bt pec ia y sanctified msqe; the
insciptin expesses the date 929 (A.D. 1522).
he msqe f Sanaa ah Efend, nea the Kik-chesmeh (fty
fntains), was destyed by fie, bt was ested in 1013 (1662).
he msqe f Kekj-bsh, nea the Si iv gate, has, in the
sth-east cne, a dia (mkt) which pints t the time with the
geatest exactness bth in smme and winte.
he Ba t-jmi (f the pa ace), within the Ba t Kap, was bi t
in the time f S tn S emn, by Fakh Kehiy, Sinn being the
achitect. On the extei f the sth-east wa , an ab e atist
has painted a the diffic t passes and statins n the ad fm
Jesa em t Egypt, and thence t Mecca and Medina.
Nea the msqe f S tn Se m is that f the cnvent f Svs
Efend. It has a cisten sppted by six c mns, bt having n wate
it is nw sed by the si k spinnes.

he Ak-shems-ad-dn, nea the cstm-hse, n the and side, is a

msqe in which the payes ffeed p ae a ways accepted by Heaven;
it is n that accnt feqented day and night.
he msqe f the Aabs, within the Cn-maket, was bi t by E wn
Che eb, in the time f the Cnqe. It is cmmn y ca ed the
Shift Jmi (peach msqe), becase a peach tee gew t f the
sth-east wa , which was aftewads destyed by fie.
he msqe f Ashik Psh is a s mch feqented.
he A t-bghcheh Jmi (six cakes msqe), nea the hammm f the
mft, was bi t by the chief bake f Mhammed II., Jibbeh A , wh
sed t spp y the empe, as he did S tn Byad, with six cakes
dai y.
he msqe f Kaa P Psh, nea the Zek-bsh, n an e evated
spt: this has a cisten, sppted by thee hnded c mns, and

cntaining wate de icis as that f Paadise.

he msqe nea the At-b (hse-maket) was that in which, ding
the eign f Mhammed II., the twe ve Janissay c ne s, wh evey
night pat ed the city, assemb ed f evening payes.
he msqe f the m-kh (maste f the hse), nea the Seven
wes and the S mnsti, was a s fme y a cnvent, bi t by the
achitect Sinn.
he msqe f Khdim Ibhm, the gand ve f S emn, within the
f tees. It is a fine msqe.
Se iv gate. he ct is f
he msqe f Dvd Psh, nea the A t-mama (six mab es), was
bi t by ne f the ves f S tn Byad II. It has a spacis
ct, and a ha f jstice attached t it.
he msqe f Jeh Mhammed Psh, with six minehs, was bi t by
ne f the ves f S tn Ahmed I., nea the Evet-b (wmen
maket).
he msqe f Khs Psh, nea the Ak-se, is a neat msqe.
he msqe f  d A Psh, nea the c mn f k-b (the
p ty), is vey cmmdis.
he msqe f Nishnj Psh is sitate nea the Km-kap (sand gate).
he msqe f Ahmed Psh, the gand ve f S tns Se im and
S emn, is vey age, ike an impeia ne, and is bi t pn a
sma hi within the p-kap (cannn-gate).
he msqe f Baim Psh, the ve f S tn Md I ., is n an
e evated spt, nea that f the cnqe, and ascended by a f ight f
steps.
he msqe f the geat Nishnj Psh, nea Keskndedeh, is bi t in
an e egant sty e ike thse f the S tns. he fnde is bied in an
adjining va t.
he msqe f Hfe Psh, nea that f Mhammed II. he fnde f
this msqe had a deam, in which the cnqe appeaed t him, and
demanded f him hw he daed t eect a msqe s nea his wn, ths
taking away the pep e wh attended it? he cnqe was then abt
t ki him, when Hfe Ahmed awke. He died seventy days afte this
deam, and, as he was caied t the tmb, a stne fe pn him fm
the msqe f S tn Mhammed, and ct his head as if it had been
seveed by the swd.
he msqe f Kha Psh is a s nea that f S tn Mhammed II.
he msqe f avsh Mesh Psh is a s nea the abve, in the maket
f A Psh. Its fnde was taken fm the chambe f ce a-pages
(k ), in the time f Md III., and made gven f Egypt, and
aftewads gand ve.
he msqe f B Psh is a fty bi ding, nea the msqe f Em
Naj, and was bi t by Sinn.
he msqe f Rstam Psh, the ve f S emn, in that pat f

the twn ca ed akht- -ka a, is namented with g aed ti es. It

is beatif beynd the pwes f desciptin. On a sides it is
snded with shps.

he msqe f Yavs, in the cn-maket, has ne cp a, bt n

chngaph. It was bi t by my gandfathe.
he msqe f the cn-maket was bi t by the ietenant f p ice in
the time f S tn S emn. It is sitate witht the cn-maket, n
the sea-she, and was bi t by Sinn. Being decayed, it was epaied
by Kaa Che eb Zdeh. It stands n an e evated spt, has a fty
cp a, six shps, sevea waehses, and a minaet, which in pint f
e egance spasses a thes in Cnstantinp e.
he msqe f the ideh f S tn Othmn II. is nea the Ak-se,
and was bi t by the fams achitect Khajeh Sinn.
he msqe f the fams achitect himse f is nea that f S tn
Byad.
he msqe f the Kdh Aske Abd--ahmn Efend, by Sinn.
he msqe f Hj Evhad A ah, at the Seven wes, by the same
achitect.
he msqe f Khdim Mahmd Agh, the kap gh,  chief f the white
enchs, is nea the Akh-kap (stab e-gate). He was the gh f
S tns S emn and Se m II.
he msqe f Khajeh Khs Beg, is nea that f Khajeh Mstaf
Psh, and was bi t by Sinn.
he Khtn-jmi (msqe f the ady) is nea the Hammm f S
Mnsti; a s the wk f Sinn.
Nea the fntain Oskp , at the p ace whee seven steets meet (which
is nt the case in any the pat f Cnstantinp e), stands the sqae
bi t msqe f Defted S emn Che eb.

he msqe f Haem Chvsh, nea the new gaden, bi t by Sinn; wh
a s bi t the msqe nea the Kdh-cheshmeh (fntain f the jdge),
and ca ed it afte his wn name.
he msqe f Akh-che eb is in the fit maket, and was bi t by
Sinn.
_he O d Mesjids,  sma

Msqes f Cnstantinp e._

S tn Mhammed II. a ne cnsecated ne hnded and seventy mesjids

at Cnstantinp e.

he mesjid f the Cimea, nea the  d baacks; that f Mh-ad-dn,

nea the msqe f Mhammed II.; Khj Beg, nea the cn-maket,
ve the d f which the achitect has fmed mst ingenis y,
with ed and white bicks, hee is n gd bt Gd; Mhammed is his
Pphet. he mesjid f S eh Psh, nea the cn-maket; f Haide
Psh, in the same neighbhd; f Hj Hasan, nea the ast, bi t
by Sinn; f Dem Khn, nea the c d-we ; f Hmid Efend, with a
chngaph expessing 985; the Aabaj a, nea the cn-maket; f

Pps Ogh , within the cn-maket; the Bhis, within the gate
Jebbeh A ; the Revn, nea the Fty Fntains.

he mesjids bi t by Sinn ae: the Rstam Psh, at Yen-bghcheh;

the Sinn Psh, in the same p ace; the Mft Chev Zdeh, at the
Cannn-gate; that f his wn name, at Yen-bghcheh; that f Em A ,
nea the cstm-hse, n the and side; the Uch-bsh (thee heads),
nea the abve; the Defted Shef Zdeh; the Simkesh, at the tp
f Yen-bghcheh, nea Ltf Psh; the Khajehg Zdeh, nea Mhammed
II.; the akj Ahmed Che eb, nea the Se iv-gate; the Dabbgh Hj
Hama, at the Aghs meadw; the mesjid f the ady f Ibahim Psh,
nea the Km-kap; the mesjids f the g dsmiths; f the tai s;
f the Agh, at St. Sphia; f Sheikh Fehd, nea Lanka-bstn;
f Kekj Bsh, witht the Km-Kap; f Yy Bsh, within the
Fene-gate; f Abd-s Bsh, nea the msqe f Se m I.; f Hsain
Che eb; f Hj E is; f La Zdeh Dmd Che eb; f Dkhn-Zdeh,
nea  d Mstaf Pshs msqe; f Kdh-Zdeh, nea Chk-hammm;
f the gn facty, in the cn-maket; f the Se Aghs, witht
the Adianp e-gate; f E is-Zdeh, witht the Cannn-gate; f the
Saf-Zdeh, in the same qate; and f Hamd ah Hamd Che eb, at
S Mnsti. A these mesjids wee bi t by the fams achitect,
 d Sinn, the bi de f the msqe f S tn S emn, wh eected
n fewe than thee thsand and sixty bi dings, cnsisting f khns,
msqes, imets, c eges, sch s, pa aces, &c. It was he wh bi t
the nd cp a, entie y f mab e, f his mnment, nea the msqe
f S tn S emn, in the cne f the pa ace f the gh f the
Janissaies, adjining the Fntain-hse. He died ne hnded and
seventy yeas  d. On the stne p aced at his head is an insciptin in
ettes f g d, in the Kaa-his Hasn Che eb hand, which is a mst
exqisite pefmance.
hee ae many the msqes and mesjids in Cnstantinp e, bt thse
which we have descibed ae the mst emakab e f thei achitecte.

SECION X II.
_Of the Medesehs  C

eges._

he fist c ege fnded at Cnstantinp e afte its cnqest by

S tn Mhammed was that f Ay Sfa; the next was the fndatin f
the eight c eges n the ight and eft, that is, n the nth and
sth f S tn Mhammeds msqe; these eight c eges may be cmpaed
t eight egins f Paadise. he S tn a s fnded a sch f
the eading f the Kn n a spt adjining the c ege, and n the
east a hspita f the p. his hspita is a mde f a sch
fndatins. On the nth and sth f the eight c eges ae the ce s
f the stdents (_skht_), thee hnded and sixty-six in nmbe,
each inhabited by thee  f stdents, wh eceive thei pvisins
and cand es fm the tst (_wakf_). hee is a s a cnsevaty
(_d--ifat_), and a kitchen ighted by seventy cp as, which may
be cmpaed t the kitchen f Kaiks, whee the p ae fed twice a
day. Nea this efecty thee is a cvanse, and a age stab e
capab e f h ding thee thsand hses and m es.
he medeseh f S tn Byad is sitate n the sth side f the
gand ct f his msqe. he Sheikh- -Is m is the chief ecte,

and speintends its affais.

he medeseh f S tn Se m, nea Yen-bghcheh, at the Kshk f

Kha j a, was bi t by S tn S emn, bt dedicated t the memy
f his fathe. Its evene was deived fm the Yen-bghcheh (new
gaden), which igina y was ne mi e ng and ha f a mi e bad.
On this vey spt S tn Se m pitched his camp when he came t the
empie, and eceived the act f beisance.
he medeseh f S tn S emn, n the nth and sth f this msqe,
cnsists f f sch s, ne f the taditins (_d- -hadth_), ne
f eading the Kn (_d- -kiat_); a sepaate ne f medicine,
with an hspita and an asy m f the insane, nmes baths, a
cavnse, a stab e, and a bys sch .
he c ege f the Pince Mhammed was bi t by Sinn, and is fams
f its eaning.
he c

ege f S tn Ahmed I. adjins the msqe f the same name.

he c

ege f Kaa Mstaf Psh is nea Pamk-kap (finge-gate).

he c

ege f Md Efend is nea the Kdh Cheshmeh.

he c

ege f Hmid Efend, at the F yksh (E ephants hi ).

he c ege f Hasan Psh, nea the pa ace f Jnp d Zdeh, is a

fine fty bi ding, and the we pat f it is namented with shps.
he c

ege f Esmakhn S tn, is within the Adianp e gate.

he c eges f Kadh Mahmd Efend; f Md Psh; f Dvd Psh;

f  d A Psh; f Mesh Psh; f Rstam Psh; f Chevdeh;
f Kapenkej; f Bshj Ibahm Beg; f A t-mama; f Nishnj
Mhammed Beg; f Kekj-bsh; f Kaa P Psh, nea Sk-ky;
f Afa Zdeh; f Madmeh, nea the Kii Mas ak; f M Kn,
the khjeh f S tn Mhammed II.: being ffended with the S tn he
eft him and went t Egypt, bt sbseqent y etned at the S tns
eqest, and was pesent at the siege f Cnstantinp e; the c ege f
Revn, an e qent man f the time f S tns Se m I. and S emn,
a native f Adianp e, and was bied nea the Kik Cheshmeh (Fty
Fntains) befe his wn msqe; the c ege f Etmekj Zdeh Ahmed
Psh, the Defted f S tn Ahmed I.; f Snnat Khatn; f Fatima
S tneh; f Uch Bsh (thee heads); f N-ad-dn Haf, within the
Adianp e gate, bi t by Sinn; f Fakh Kehiy; f Men; f
Ak-hesm-ad-dn, nea the bath f S tn Se m; f  d Ibahm Psh;
f Khsek S tn; f Kahih, bi t by Sinn; f Khsek, in the
wmen-maket, a s bi t by Sinn, at the expense f S tn S emn;
f the ideh f S tn Othmn II. nea the Ak-se; f Makb Ahmed
Psh; f Iskende Psh; f Sf Mhammed Psh; f Ibahm Psh,
nea the Is-kap (gate f Jess); f Jafa Agh; f the ease,
Ahmed Agh; f Mavi Em; f Omm-va ad; f the Kdh Aske Devsh
Efend; f Khajehk Zdeh, nea the S tn Mhammed II.; f Agh
Zdeh; f Defted Abd s-sa m Beg; f t Kdh; f Shh K Hakm
Mhammed Che eb; f Hsain Che eb; f Em Sinn Che eb; f Daaghn
Yns; f Kj S emn; f Hj Khatn; f Defted Shefeh Zdeh;
f Kdhi Hakm Che eb; f Bb Che eb; f Gemst Zdeh; f Segbn
A ; f Beestn Kehiys; f Kwji a; f Imm Zdeh; and f K
Ahmed Psh. Fifty f these c eges wee bi t in the time f S tns
Se m I. and S emn, by the fams achitect Sinn.

SECION X III.
_Of the D- -ki f Cnstantinp e._
Each gand msqe has a _d- -ki_,  sch f the eading f
the Kn, the mst emakab e f which is the _d- -ki_ f S tn
S emn. hse f Khs Kehiy, nea the msqe f Etmekj Zdeh
Ahmed Psh; f Sad Che eb; f Mft Zdeh; and f Bsna Ahmed
Psh, wee a bi t by the ce ebated achitect Sinn.

SECION XIX.
_Of the Mekteb,  Bys Sch s._
Each impeia msqe has a sch attached t it. hee ae besides
these, the sch s f Kaa Mstaf Psh, ppsite the mnment f the
same name: it is a age estab ishment; the sch f Khs Psh,
nea the Yenbghcheh; f Agh Kap-s, nea the msqe f S tn
S emn, which is attended by thee  f hnded bys; f Pps
Ogh , nea the cn-maket; f Ashik Psh; f A Jem , at Zek;
and f Mhammed Psh, in the qate f Khjeh Psh.

SECION XX.
_Of the D- -hadth,  aditin Sch s._

he taditins ae ead at a the Impeia msqes accding t the

pincip es f _Ms em_ and _Bkh_. he sch s bi t especia y f
that bject ae: the d- -hadth f Hasan Efend, nea Keskindeh; f
M Ishk Che eb, bi t A.H. 926; and f Dmd Mhammed Efend,
nea the msqe f Sinn.

SECION XXI.
_Of the ekeh,  Cnvents f Devshes._

he mst ancient f these is the ne fnded by Mhammed II.,

within the gand gate f Ay Sfya, and is ca ed Sikej ekeh.
It was fnded when Ms ema and Eyb besieged Cnstantinp e, and
was aftewads tned int a nnney; bt n Mhammeds cnqeing
Cnstantinp e he again made it a cnvent. Its fist Sheikh was
Oveis, wh had the chage f seventy-f discip es. He was bied at
Damascs, nea Be the Abyssinian: may Gd sanctify his secet state!

he the tekehs ae thse f Ak-shems-d-dn, nea A Psh; f

Em Naj; f Sf a; f Khjeh Mstaf Psh; f Umm-sinn; f
Svs; f vsh Mhammed Agh, nea Ay Sfiya; f Edeb ; f
Snb Efend; and f G shen at Ak-Se.

SECION XXII.
_Of the Imet,  Refecties._
Paise be t Gd! wh, accding t the saced text f the Kn:
hee is n beast n the eath f which Gd hath nt made a
pvisin, has pvided a p entif spp y f the p by the
fndatin f S tn Mhammed II. at the new pa ace, in which fd
is distibted t them thee times a day; at the Imet f S tn
Byad twice; the same at the imets f S tn Se m I.; S emn;
Pince Mhammed; Ahmed; Eyb; Khasek S tn, nea the wmen-maket;
af S tn; Pince Jehng, nea the p-khneh; Mehmh S tn, at
Sctai; ideh f Md I .; Ibhm Khn; and f Othmn Khn. May
Gd extend His mecy t them a ! Besides these thee ae sme hndeds
f kitchens attached t the vais cnvents; bt the abve ae the
 d estab ishments f the S tns and Pinces, whee the p eceive
a af f bead and a dish f sp evey day. I, the hmb e Ev iy,
wh ding a peid f fifty-ne yeas have visited the dminins f
eighteen diffeent mnachs, have n whee seen sch estab ishments.

SECION XXIII.
_Of the mistn and Mistn,  Hspita s._

he m-khneh f Mhammed II., which cnsists f seventy ms,

cveed with eighty cp as, is attended by tw hnded sevants,
a physician-genea , and a sgen. A tave es wh fa sick
ae eceived int this hspita , and ae we attended t. hey
have exce ent fd twice a day; even pheasants, patidges, and
the de icate bids ae spp ied. If sch ae nt at hand in the
hspita , it is pvided by the chate f fndatin that they sha
be fnished fm the imets f S tn S emn, his sn Pince
Mhammed, S tn Ahmed I., Khsek S tn, af S tn, Eyb S tn,
Pince Jehng, Mehmh S tneh, and f the idehs msqe at
Sctai. hee ae msicians and singes wh ae emp yed t amse
the sick and insane, and ths t ce thei madness. hee is a s a
sepaate hspita f infide s. he hspita f S tn S emn is an
estab ishment s exce ent, that the sick ae genea y ced within
thee days afte thei admissin, it being pvided with mst ab e
physicians and sgens. he msqes f Byad and Se m have n
hspita s attached t them. he hspita f S tn Ahmed is chief y f
the eceptin f insane pesns, n accnt f the pity f its ai.
he attendants ae emakab e f thei patience and gd-nate, the
easn f which is, that they ae nde the immediate inspectin f the
Ki a-ghs, wh himse f attends t inqie int the state f the
sick. he hspita f the Khsek, nea the wmen-maket, is a s an
exce ent instittin.

SECION XXI .
_Of the pincipa Pa aces f Cnstantinp e._
One f the gandest f these is that f Ibhm Psh, the e f
S tn S emn, n the At-maidn, in which tw thsand pages f
the se wee fme y edcated. It is next in pint f magnitde
t the impeia se. he Se f Mehmh, nea the msqe f
S tn Byad, cnsists f seven hnded sepaate apatments. Bt
even age than this is the se f Siyvsh Psh, t the nth
f the msqe f S tn S emn, which has thee hnded ms,
seven baths, fifty shps, and stab es me extensive than thse f
the impeia pa ace. he thes ae: the se f the gh f the
Janissaies, nea the msqe f S tn S emn; the se f eke
Mstaf Psh; f Da k Mstaf Psh; f the Defted (wh was
hanged) Mstaf Psh, nea the S emniyeh; f Petev Psh at the
af; f Sevge n Ms S tneh, within the cn-maket; f Peinj
Zdeh, at Zekbsh; f Kshn S tneh, in the same p ace; f
Ma Mstaf Psh, nea the p ace f the Ajemgh ns; f Kapj
Md Psh, nea the ink-makes w; f Si ihd Mstaf Psh,
nea the msqe f S emn; f Khjeh e Mhammed Psh, nea
the msqe f the Shhdeh; f Kanan Psh, nea the  d Se; f
Ms Psh, nea Khjeh Psh; f Kaa Mstf Psh, nea Ak-Se;
f Sk Mhammed Psh, nea the A Kshk; f Me ek Ahmed Psh,
nea Ay-Sfiya, with thee baths and tw hnded apatments; f Res
Ism , nea Mahmd Psh; f Khn Zdeh S tn,  Baim Psh,
nea Ay-Sfiya; f Ww A Psh, nea S tn Ahmeds msqe;
f Emgneh Zdeh Ysf Psh, nea the stab e-gate; f Mkbi ij
Hasan Efend; f the Kapdn Hasan Psh, nea Ay-Sfiya; f Asha
S tneh, nea Ak-Se; f Jn P d Zdeh Hsain Psh; f Jvn
Kapij the e, thewise the Se f Rstam Psh, nea the cnvent
f Khjeh Ahmed S tn; f Ankabt Ahmed Psh; f Khjeh Ibahm,
bette knwn by the name f Jinj Khjeh; f S eh Psh, nea Mahmd
Psh; f Kapdn Svsh Psh, nea the hab f ga eys; f
Ak-Mhammed Psh, nea the Jinj Maidn; f Ba t S k Che eb;
f Hsain Agh, nea the msqe f S tn Se m; the baacks f the
Janissaies, nea the Ota Jmi; the pa ace f Ibahm, the inspect
f the asena , nea the af, f which the hmb e wite cmpsed a
chngaph.

he f wing pa aces wee bi t by the achitect Sinn ding the

eigns f S tns Se m I. and S emn: he impeia pa ace f S tn
Mhammed II. having been bnt dwn, it was ebi t by S tn S emn,
wh a s ested the Ga ata Se, which was bi t by S tn Byad.
Sinn a s bi t the pa ace f Yen-kap; f Mhammed Psh, in the
ga ey-hab; f Mhammed Psh, at Ay Sfya; f Rstam Psh,
e f S tn S emn; f Kjeh A Psh; in the p ace f Ge
Ahmed Pshs pa ace, in the Hippdme, was bi t the msqe f
S tn Ahmed I.; the se f Fehd Psh, nea S tn Byad; f
Petev Psh, n the af; f Kjeh Sinn Psh, at the Hasn p ace;
f Sf Mhammed Psh, nea Khjeh Psh; f Mhammed Agh, nea
Yen-bghcheh; f Shh Khbn, nea the fntain f Ksim Psh.

SECION XX .
_Of the Gand Khns f Mechants._

he fist is the Khjeh Khn, nea the Mahmd Psh, in which a
the geat Pesian mechants have thei estab ishments. It has seventy
ms. he khn f Mahmd Psh has ne hnded and twenty ms; the
Kebej a Khn ne hnded ms: this is the esidence f the ich
B gaian mechants; the khn f P Psh, eighty ms; Esk Khn,
tw hnded ms: it was bi t by Baim Psh, the e f S tn
Md I ., and is ca ed the khn f the captives (_as_), becase
a captives ae bght and s d hee: it has seventy apatments, and
an ffice f eceiving the _penjek_  s ave dty, a fifth f the
va e; the khn f Anga, f the dea es in w en gds (_sf_),
ne hnded ms; the khn f Petev Psh, tw hnded ms; the
khn f Fehd Psh, nea the Beestn, tw hnded ms; Ki d Khn,
tw hnded ms; the khn f the a deh Ksm, mthe f Md
I ., was igina y the pa ace f Jah Mhammed Psh, bt having
fa en int decay it was ebi t by the ideh, and cnsists f thee
hnded waehses, s that this khn, and that f Mahmd Psh, ae
the agest in Cnstantinp e. In ne cne is a kshk, which aises
its head t the skies, and cmmands a magnificent view: its stab es
ae capab e f h ding ne thsand hses and m es: it has a msqe
in the cente; the Kiaghid Khn, nea Mahmd Psh; Kti Khn, nea
akht- -ka a; the khn f the hneymaket, inhabited by Egyptian
mechants; Ketn Khn; Kat Khn; the khn f Rstam Psh; the khn
f  d Ysf Psh; the khn f the Mft; Chk Khn; S Khn; the
khn f the ta w-maket; and the khn f the Zendn-kap. A these
khns ae in that qate f the twn ca ed akht- -ka a: they ae
extensive bi dings, and ae cveed with ead. he Jvn Kapj Khn
is in the cente f the aisin-maket. he new khn f Kaa Mstaf
Psh, Gand e t S tn Mhammed I ., nea Khjeh Psh, is a
sma bt stng bi ding. he khn f Kpei Mhammed Psh, Gand
e t Mhammed I ., thgh, ike the ast mentined, a new bi ding,
nea the p ty-maket, is nt infei, as egads s idity, t the
ideh Khn. It has pwads f tw hnded and twenty apatments.

SECION XX I.
_Of the Cvnseis._

he E ch Khn (Ambassads Khn), even in the time f the infide s,

was a khn f stanges, bt it was endwed afte the cnqest by
Ikb Psh; the cvnsei f Mhammed II.; f Byad II.; f Se m
I.; f S emn; f Khsek S tneh; f Ahmed I.; f the Kapj a,
nea Ay-Sfiya, whee tw geat khns stand ppsite t each the; f
Kjeh Mhammed Psh; f the af; f the At-Maidn; f Sinn Psh;
Bk Khn, nea the pa ace f Me ek Ahmed Psh; and f A Psh,
nea the Bt-b ( se-maket). hese wee a bi t by Sinn Psh.

SECION XX II.

_Of the Baacks (Bek da)._

he mst extensive baacks ae thse ca ed _Y gechen_, which

cnsist f f hnded ms, and, in case f necessity, can h d ne
thsand amed men. he das f S tn Md I . ae eight in nmbe,
and, ike the fme, have thei ffices and inspects. S tn
S emn ne day being ffended with the Janissaies, said t them: Be
si ent,  I wi sbde y by the she-makes at Mejn-chsh (the
ca -maket). his theat having spead, fty thsand Janissaies
assemb ed instant y, amed with c bs and b dgens, and with cies
f A ah! A ah! enteed the impeia ct. he Empe, sed by
these shts, came t, and said, We , my bave fe ws, what is the
matte? hey ep ied, Y have this day dec aed y intentin f
ptting dwn the Janissaies by the she-makes, and we nw wait f
y des. We have n the instant assemb ed fty thsand men, bt
if y wi wait ti t-mw we sha have fty thsand me.
P eased with thei bavey, the empe t d them they might ask f a
fav. hey, theefe, asked that the pice f a pai f _ppjes_
and _mests_ (s ippes and eathe-scks) sh d be fixed at between ne
and tw hnded akcha, which was immediate y ganted.
he das f the amy ae nea the Mahmd Psh; thse f Petev
Psh and Hi j, nea the S emneh; fty das f nmaied men
n the At-maidn; fty at Byk Kaamn; the das f Yedek Psh; and
seven das f Ghabs, nea the cn-maket. Each f these baacks can
cntain fm ne t tw thsand men.

SECION XX III.
_Of the Fntains namented with Chngaphs._
In the times f the infide s thee was n the fntain except that
ca ed Kik-chesmeh (spp ied by the aqedct f a ens). In the
pats f the twn they c ected the wate in cistens, five f which
wee fi ed pat y with ain-wate, and pat y fm the aqedct.
S tn Mhammed II., having finished his msqe, bi t tw hnded
fntains; Byad bi t seventy, and S emn seven hnded. hei
nmbe was sht y inceased t thsands by the ves. S tn
S emn epaied the aqedct, and inceased the qantity f wate
caied t Cnstantinp e. he pincipa fntains ae the f wing:
the fntain f Haide Psh, nea the bath f the same name; that
f the Beg ebegs, beynd the ditch between the Adeneh-kap and the
p-kap; f the Imms, eected t the memy f Hasan and Hsain, wh
died f thist in the p ain f Kebe ; the fntain f Skande Beg,
witht the gate eading t Eyb; f S tn Md III., witht the
gate f Eyb, n the sea-she, beneath the _shhneshn_ (pjecting
windw) f the pa ace f Ftima S tna; the Sk-chesmeh (c d
fntain), nea the A i kshk; the fntain f Kaa Mstaf Psh,
nea his sep cha mnment; f Hasan Beg, the sn f Ftima S tna,
nea the Okj a Bsh; f the Kehiy f the Janissaies, S emn
Agh, nea the Senj Khn; f A Psh, nea the cstm-hse n
the and side; f Ktib Hsain, nea the cnvent f Ogh n Sheikh at
Ak-se; f Hj Mans, nea the mnment f Ashik Psh; f the
ideh Ksm, nea the Yen-kap; f Ibahm Psh, nea the msqe

f the pinces; f Hasan Psh, nea the pa ace f Jnp d Zdeh; f

Khaj Mh-ad-dn, befe his msqe, nea that f S tn Mhammed
II.; f Mahmd Psh, nea the new Beestn; f Mesh Psh, nea the
maket f A Psh; and f Hasan Agh, the chief f the Khs-da,
within the cn-maket, in the qate f the Aabaj a.[8]
[8] We have eft the chngaphs f these fntains ntans ated, as
they pssess n petica meit.

SECION XXIX.
_Of the Seb -khnehs,  Wate Hses._

he Seb -khnehs wee bi t t the memy f Hasan and Hsain, wh
sffeed matydm fm thist n the p ain f Kebe . hey ae a
adned with chngaphs. he Seb f Ms Psh, nea the A
Kshk; the Seb f Kanan Agh, ppsite the gand gate f Ay
Sfiyah; f Aish S tna, at the Okj a-bsh; f Mstaf Agh, the
chief f the teasy, nea the msqe f Ay Sfiyah; f Edeb ,
nea Ay Sfiyah; f Kapdn Ksse A Psh, in the cn-maket; f
Abbs, the Ki a Agh, nea the fntain f L a ; f Ibahm Psh,
the Kehiy f Kpe Zdeh, nea the af; and the Sinn Psh, the
cnqe f Yemen, nea the facty f the Sima-kesh (g d-wie).

SECION XXX.
_Of the Pincipa Baths._

he bath is a ega estab ishment f the Is m, fnded n the text

f the Kn: If y ae p ted, pify yse ves. he tw baths
which existed in Cnstantinp e befe the cnqest wee thse f
the Aabs and the akhtb. he fist bath bi t afte the cnqest
was that at the msqe f S tn Mhammed II., f the se f the
wkmen emp yed in the bi ding f the msqe. Aftewads the bath
f the Aabs was cnveted t the se f the Ms ems. he baths next
bi t wee thse f af, Eyb, and Chk. A these baths ae sti
kept p and epaied by the endwment (_wakf_) f S tn Mhammed.
I have pefeed assigning each f the pincipa baths t a cetain
c ass f men in the f wing amsing way: F the sick, the bath f
Ayb S tn; f the Sheikhs, that f Ay Sfiyah; f the Sfs,
that ca ed by the same name; f stanges, that ca ed the bath f
stanges (_ghab_); f the Bstnjs, the gaden-bath (_bstn_);
f the maket-pep e, that ca ed the Fiday-maket (Jma b); f
debachees, the Chk (the pit); f paintes, the Chn (Chinese);
f the wmen, the khtn ( ady); f sptsmen, the Kjeh Mhammed
Psh; f the Janissaies, the bath f the new baacks (yen da);
f the wkmen, that s ca ed (ight); f the sgens, the Jeh
(sgen) A Psh; f the men f the Se, that f the Ak-se;
f the b ack Aabs, that ca ed the mice (Sichn ); f the saints,
that f S tn Byad II., the saint; f the insane, the vaiegated
bath (A jeh); f ce tyants, that f Zinj -kap (chained-gate);
f the ppessed, that f S tn Se m the Jst; f the ptes, the

St-hammm; f pets, that f S tn S emn; f Devshes, that f

Haide Psh; f the chi den f the Aabs, the akht- -ka a; f
the favites, that f the Khsek; f astnmes, the Ye di-hammm
(sta bath); f mechants, that f Mahmd Psh; f mthes, that
f the ideh; f hsemen (_jinj_), that in the Hippdme; f
Mfts, that f the Mft; f the Zaims, that f Gedek Psh; f the
ames, that f Dvd Psh; f Khajas, that f the same name; f
S tns, the bath s ca ed; f M s, the bath f M Kn; f
the Geeks, the Fene bath (in thei qate); f singes, the Ba t
(Pa atim) bath; f vi ains, the Khanja (amed with a dagge);
f msicians, the Lnja ( paade); f sai s, the bath f the
pt f ga eys (kdiga mn); f the _imms_,  chiefs f the
baths, that f Litt e Ay Sfiyah; f the membes f the Dvn, the
bath f Baim Psh; f the enchs (_khdim_), that f the ench
Mhammed Agh; f the ves, that f A Psh; f the genes,
that f Ltf Psh; f the gadenes, that f Yen-bghcheh (new
gaden); f the A banians, that f the Adianp e-gate; f the
Mev evs, that f the Yen-kap (new-gate); f the stne-masns, that
f the Si iv-gate; f the magicians, that f the Seven wes; f
beggas, that f Ch-tk; f c eks, that f Nishnj Psh; f the
Dgmns, the bath s ca ed; f inva ids, that f Lanka; f mines,
that f Sg; f dcts, the Majnj-hammam (medicine-makes);
f the Kdaskes, the bath f the same name; f the Pesians, the
bath f the Ajem-gh ns; f the se es f weights and sca es, that
f the eneji  (weighes); f the Shtis (ft-gads), that f
Petev Psh; f gamb es, the painted bath (esv -hammm); f
the Shfes, that f the mint (Dhaab-khneh); f ves, that f
the cage (kafes ); f the Aghs, that f the Litt e Agh; f the
ba ey-mechants, that f the Apa-amn (the inspect f ba ey);
f the Seids (descendants f the Pphet), that f Abbs Agh; f
wmen, that f the wmen-maket (Evet-b); f the Jews, that
f the Jehd-kap (Jews-gate); f gms, that f the Akh-kap
(stab e-gate); f the infim (Maath), that f Kja Mhammed Psh;
f bffns, that f Shenge ; f Kapdns, the Den-hammm
(sea-bath); f the Eh -thd (nitaians), the bath f Kja Mstaf
Psh; f dwafs, that f the Litt e Agh; f the e egant, that f
the Che eb (_petit mate_).
In the same manne we a tted the baths in the sbbs, which, with
thse within, amnt t ne hnded and fifty-ne, a f which I have
visited. Seventeen me wee bi t ding my tave s, bt these I have
nt seen. he mst e egant and cmmdis is the Chk-hammm, bi t
by Mhammed II. It is paved with ganite, and can accmmdate five
thsand men. Next in ank may be nticed the baths f Mahmd Psh, f
akht- -ka a, f Byad, and f Kja Psh; the best ighted p ae
thse f Haide Psh, the S emneh, and the ideh; the c eanest,
thse f Ay Sfiyah, f the Sfis, f Abbs Agh, and f Mhammed
Psh, in the Cheh Shemba-b.
When I was eceived int the haam f S tn Md I ., n the night
that I ead the Kn, I had the gd ftne t see the impeia
bath, with which n the in the w d can be cmpaed. he f sides
f it ae assigned t the se f the pages, and in the cente thee
is an inc sed bath f the empe. Wate shes in n a sides
fm fntains and basins, thgh pipes f g d and si ve; and the
basins which eceive the wate ae in aid with the same meta s. Int
sme f these basins, ht and c d wate n fm the same pipe. he
pavement is a beatif msaic f vaiegated stnes which da e the
eye. he wa s ae scented with ses, msk, and ambe; and a es is
kept cnstant y bning in censs. he ight is inceased by the

sp end and bi iancy f the windws. he wa s ae dy, the ai
tempeate, and a the basins f fine white mab e. he dessing ms
ae fnished with seats f g d and si ve. he geat cp a f the
fist dessing-m, a f bight mab e, may be eqa ed by that
at Cai n y. As this bath stands pn a ising gnd it twes t
the heavens: its windws a
k twads the sea, t Sctai, and
K-ki. On the ight f the d f the dessing-m is the m f
the msicians (mtib-khn) and n the eft, the cp a f the inne
teasy (khaneh khs). I have n whee seen s sp endid a bath,
except that f Abd , the Khn f if s, in the pvince f n.
Mst f the abve baths ae adned with chngaphs; and they ae
a db e (chifteh), that is, cnsist f tw ms, except that f
Mhammed Psh, in the Litt e-maket. In the aftenn wmen ae
admitted. If t the geat pb ic baths we add the sma e nes,
the nmbe w d exceed thee hnded; and if the pivate nes ae
eckned, they wi amnt t the nmbe f f thsand five hnded
and thity-six.
END OF PAR I.

NOES.
_Nte 1, p. 6, Sectin III.__Pi as and Rings._

he existence f these pi as and the ings fixed in them is nticed
in D. C akes ave s. It is a cis fact that simi a in ings
ae fnd nt n y in the cks at Pavd in Rmei , bt a s at
Jnk and Nat ia, as is mentined by the geat kish gegaphe Hj
Kha fah in bth his wks, the Jehnnam (p. 627), and the Desciptin
f Rmei : (Rme i nd Bsna gegaphisch beschieben vn Mstafa
Ben Abda ah Hadschi Cha fa, p. 32). We mst efain fm giving any
jdgment whateve n these cis facts ti the cks f Jnk and
Pavd sha have been the bjects f the eseaches f Epean
tave es, nne f whm have yet diected thei attentin that way.
_Nte 2, p. 9.__Cavens._

hgh the Danbe neve passed thgh this channe , these cavens,
which n Epean tave es have nticed, ae deseving f attentin.
hey ae a s mentined by Hj Kha fah in his accnt f the vi age
f Injighi, nea the mntain f Chat jah (Rme nd Bsna, p. 17);
and may be easi y visited, as they ae nt mch t f the way in ging
fm Adianp e t Cnstantinp e.
_Nte 3, p. 17.__A t Meme._
In the pesent day nthing is seen n the spt f A t Meme except
the msqe f that name. Sme f these c mns, which wee pbab y
sed t nament it, may pehaps be seen in the intei.
_Nte 4, p. 23.__Sieges f Cnstantinp e._

It is hee necessay t ectify sme f the aths mistakes by the

me cect chn gy f Hj Kha fah and the Byantines. Ev iy
states that the fist siege tk p ace in the yea 34 f the Hijeh:
this, hweve, is pbab y n y a mistake f the cpyist. He cnfnds
the secnd siege, which tk p ace in the yea 47 (A.D. 667). _ ide_
hephanes and Cedins, wh ca the Aab genea Yeid, (), with
the thir in 53 (A.D. 672), an in which Ayyb was kille. No mention
is mae either by Hj Khalfah or the Byzantine historians of the
thir siege. Theophanes merely recors the siege of Tyane in the year
91 (A.D. 710). The fourth also, in 97, seems to refer to the fifth,
which by Hj Khalfah an Theophanes is recore as having happene
two years later, _i.e._ 99, in the first year of the reign of Leo I.,
the Isaurian, when the Arabs are sai to have built the mosque of
Galata, which bears their name, an that calle the Gul-jmi (rose
mosque) in Constantinople. This traition seems to be erive from
the ancient names of the churches; that at Galata having been built
by one Areobinthus, which to the Turks soune like _Arab_; an the
Gul-jmi having been calle the rose-church because it was formerly a
house belonging to a person of the name of Triantaphyllus (a rose),
an was afterwars converte into a church by Romanus Argyropulos in
the year 1031: _vie_ Cerinus. Evliy takes no notice of the siege by
the Bulgarians, uner their chief Paganus, in the year 764. Bullarus
erroneously reckons this the fifth siege, it being in fact the sixth
after the five preceing ones by the Arabs; an the eighth, if the two
sieges of the ancient Byzantium are reckone. The sixth an seventh
sieges are also erroneously state by Evliya. The former of these,
which he states to have been in the year 160 of the Hijreh, ought to be
four years later, _viz._ 164 (A.D. 780), as it is eviently the same
as that of Hrn-ur-rash, which took place then, an not, as Evliy
gives it, in the year 255, which is too late by a century, as is also
his seventh siege.
The tenth siege (p. 28) ought to be the sixteenth, if, accoring to
Bullarus, Constantinople was again besiege by the Arabs in the year
798; by the Bulgarians a secon time, in 822; by the Sclaves in 895
(_vie_ Abulfarage, A.H. 282); by the Bulgarians a thir time, in 914;
by Tornicius in 1048; an by the Venetians an French in 1204.
_Note 5, p. 29.__Byaz in the Iron Cage._
The truth of this story has been often questione by European writers;
but it is so generally recore by the most authentic Turkish
historians, that there seems no reason to oubt it any longer.
_Note 6, p. 35.__Ab-ur-ruf Zinn._
This personage, who was burie at the prison-gate at Arianople,
is the saint of the prisoners, as Jafar Bb is at the Bagnio at
Constantinople. It was probably this Ab-ur-ruf who furnishe a
Turkish poet with one of the best tales in Turkish literature. _Vie_
the German Annual Minerva, Leipzig 1814.
_Note 7, p. 39.__S-Kemerl Mustaf Cheleb._
If Mustaf was three years ol at the siege of Constantinople in 1453,
he must have been fifty-four at the conquest of Cairo in 1517 (an

not twenty-five as he is mae to say), an consequently a hunre an

thirteen years of age at the siege of Siget.
_Note 8, p. 53.__Falakah._
Falakah properly means the wooen block in which the feet of the
culprit who receives the bastinao are confine.
_Note 9, p. 54.__Sheikh-ul-Islm or Muft._
Sultn Mohamme II. was the first who gave preceence to the Muft or
hea of the law over the two Kz-asker, or military juges of Rmeil
an Anaol.
_Note 10, p. 110.__Sultn Ahme._
Sultn Ahme was the fourteenth an not the sixteenth of the Ottoman
Sultns. There are no means of accounting for this mistake, as Suleimn
Knn is the tenth Sultn by the unanimous consent of all historians.
_Note 11, p. 123.__Abzas speech._
This speech is remarkable as it attributes all the rebellions which
shook the Ottoman empire after the eath of Sultan Othmn II. to the
mutinous spirit of the Janissaries, who, until the beginning of the
present reign, baffle all the attempts of the Sultns who attempte to
subue them.
_Note 12, p. 126.__Confession of faith._
There is no Go but Go, an Mohamme is his prophet. Abza himself
performe all the preliminaries for his execution, in the hope of
preventing it by the appearance of resignation.
_Note 13, p. 137.__Kfah, Jm, &c._
This passage is interesting as giving a goo account of the nature of
the eucation receive by the imperial pages, an of the books use by
the professors in the colleges. It may be useful here to give a short
notice of these works from Hj Khalfahs Bibliographical Dictionary:
_Kfah_ is a celebrate Arabic grammar, by Ebn Hjeb. It has been
printe at Rome, an two eitions with a commentary have appeare at
Constantinople.
_Jm_,
But the
work of
hunre

the great Persian poet, is known to most Oriental scholars.

work here mentione is his famous commentary on the preceing
Ebn Hjeb. It is consiere the best amongst more than a
commentaries which have been written on this work.

_Tefsr Kz_ is an extensive commentary upon the Korn by Kz Khn,

one of the most celebrate Turkish ivines.

_Misbh_, the lamp, is a small grammatical work by Imm Nsir Abullah

Altaraz.
_Dbcheh_ is a commentary by Soyt on a collection of traitions of
the prophet, commonly calle Sahh Moslem.
_Jma-ul-Bokhra_, another collection of traitions by Bokhr. It is
consiere the best of the kin.
_Multeka-al-bahr_, a very large work on Mohammean jurispruence,
compile by Ibrahim Haleb.
_Kur_, another treatise on jurispruence. This work has lately been
printe at Constantinople.
_Sas_ works are too well known to require any remark.
_Nisb-us-sibyn_, a short Arabic vocabulary in verse.
_Loghat Akhter_, a Persian an Turkish vocabulary.
LONDON:
Printe by J. L. COX an SON, Great Queen Street,
Lincolns-Inn Fiels.
*

Transcribers Notes
Obvious typographical errors have been silently correcte.
There are many variations in the spelling, hyphenation an accents of
proper names an other Arabic terms. Except in cases where there is an
obvious ominant spelling an a variant that may legitimately be seen
as a typographical error, these remain unchange.
There is no Section IX among the sub-sections of SECTION XV.
Italics are represente thus _italic_.

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