TAJUK: projek

ROAD DESIGN

JKR Arahan Teknik Jalan 8/85 Design Method

JKR design manual on flexible pavement is suitable for the design of road with medium or heavy
traffic. The core of the design manual is the thickness design nomograph which was developed
based on AASHTO design chart for pavement with terminal serviceability index, pt of 2.5, 18
kip single axle and sub grade CBR of 3%. For other value of sub grade CBR, the thickness is
determined analytically using Chevron, a multi player linear analysis software.
The design CBR of the sub grade and the total equipment standard axle load are the main factors
in structural design of the pavement.

DESIGN OF THE THICKNESS OF ROAD BASED ON THE DATA SUGGESTED:

Assume ADT : 500
1. Initial daily traffic volume (ADT)
2. Annual growth rate
3. Percentage of commelcial vehicles, PC
4. Jangka hayat rekabentuk jalan raya, X
5. Equivalence factor
6. Sub grade CBR
7. Rolling
8. Bentuk muka bumi
9. Road shoulder width
10. Wearing and binder course
11. Base course
12. Sub-base course

= 500
= 7%
= 15%
= 10 years
= 2.0
= 5%
= mendatar
= 1.5 m
= asfalt
= aggregate hancur
= aggregate hancur

1. Traffic estimation :
ADT = 500
Vo = ADT x (Pc/100) x 0.5 x 365
= 500 x 0.15 x 0.5 x 365
= 13687.55 @14000
2. Total number of commercial vehicles for one direction (Vc):
Vc = Vo ( 1 + r ) * x -1 ] / r
= 14000 [ (1 + 0.07)*10-1] / 0.07
= 1.93 x 106
3. Total equivalent standard axles :
ESA = Vc x e
From table 3.5, e = 1.2
ESA = (1.93 x 106) x 1.2
= 2.3 x 106
4. Maximum hourly one way traffic flow :
C=IxRxT
= 1000 x 1.0 x 0.77
= 770 vph
From table 3.6, I = 2000/2
From table 3.7, R = 1.0
From table 3.8, T = 100 / (2 Pc + 100) = 0.77
Assuming hourly capacity is 10% daily capacity
C = 10 x c
= 770 x 10 = 7700
5. The estimated daily traffic Vx after 10 years is given :
Vx = Vi [( 1 + r )* x]
Vx = (500/2) ( 1 + 0.07 )*10]

= 491.79 veh/day/lane @ 492 veh/day/lane

Chek for C and Vx = C=7700 > Vx= 492------- OK !!!

6. Selection of structural number, TA

From figure 3.5, the nomograph shows that for a ESA is 2.3 x 106, the required TA is
21 cm.

7. Design for layer thickness road :

TA = a1D1 + a2D2 + a3D3 + + anDn
From table 3.9, 3.10 and, 3.11 :

Layer

Material

Coefficient

A1

Asphalt concrete.

1.00

Allowable
Thickness
9 - 15 cm

A2

Mechanically
stabilized crushed
aggregate.
Sand

0.32

10 - 20 cm

0.23

10 30 cm

A3

1st trial D1 = 9 cm, D2 = 15 cm, D3 = 15 cm

Then : TA = ( 1.0 x 9 ) + ( 0.32 x 15 ) + ( 0.23 x 15 ) = 17.25 cm
17.25 cm < TA = 21 cm ----- X OK !!!!
2nd trial D1 = 10 cm, D2 = 15 cm, D3 = 25 cm
Then : TA = ( 1.0 x 10 ) + ( 0.32 x 15 ) + ( 0.23 x 25 ) = 21 cm
21 cm > TA = 21 cm --- OK !!!!!

Clasified design of layer :

Wearing course = 40 mm
Binder course = 60 mm
Road base = 150 mm
Sub base = 250 mm
Refer the plan for the design thickness road.
Table :

INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN PHASE

Divided into 4 phase which is :

i.

DESIGN LAYER ROAD

Level of the proposed road which connects to the existing road level, but
not according to existing traffic flow, as shown in the plan.
Road
entrance and exit with
3.5m width of the road is
with road sill

type 'cast

street drains.
All pavement

in situ' with the

structure

taking into

flow

equipped

of water out into

account the

the

characteristics

of the increase in traffic road, equivalent standard axle, CBR of subgrade. Besides, other engineering aspects such as ground water level
(GWL) and construction of road foundation whether through cutting and
embankment process.
Road structure were construct with 100mm sand thickness, 300mm of
crusher run , 60 mm of binder course and 40mm of wearing course ;
for all type of roads (main road, inside road, side road and back lane).
However, all the information/list is the minimal needs and should be
modified depending on soil test and endurance if necessary.
All roads in the front and road entrance were installed with extruded
concrete Kerb / P.C Concrete Kerb in both sides of road and paint with
black and white color.
According to the specification and JKR road technique order.

ii.

.
DESIGN OF ROADSIDE DRAINAGE.
Refer Design Manual for Roadway Geocomposite Underdrain Systems

iii.

DESIGN OF ROAD SIGNS

Main material for this project is iron galvanized.
Installation of road traffic signage in the infrastructure construction phase is
divided into 3 which are the direction signs, warning signs and information signs.
Warning signs (mandatory sign and prohibition sign)
Mandatory signs (example : STOPS, NO ENTRY, ONE WAY) were installed at a
suitable place for the convenience of users.

 Design of the sign restrictions in accordance with specifications setby the Jabatan
Kerja Raya (JKR), which are round, blue background and white symbols.
Warning signs will be installed in hazardous areas. Sign is triangular and square
with the yellow color orange background and black symbols.
All traffic signs and road markings in the project were in accordance and
compliance with the specifications in terms of color, shape, size of the board,
writing, symbols and materials used by the Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) and the
authorities of Putrajaya.
All approvals/recommendations made by the Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) involves
the street reserve in the area of Local Authority (LA) shall be referred to the
respective local authorities for approval.
All design has been provided in the plan.

Access

Give way

Stop at intersection

No entry

iv.

Road junction on the left

one way

INSTALLATION OF ROAD SIGNS AT THE SUITABLE PLACE.

Signage installed in the open area so as not to block view of driver distance.
Installation of signage/direction signs are clear and not misleading motorists.
It should not block pedestrian.
Not built in a steep area that may pose a hazard to the road users
Warning signs have been placed in areas that are harmful to warn the driver.
All board's location has been shown in the plan.

Kerb

Main hole

Parking lot

Pedestrian

Propose for the

drainage

Design the proposed new road construction :

One Way

a)

For Road :
Type of pavement : flexible pavement
Length road : 888m (0.888Km)
Width road : 3.5 m
Road shoulder : 1.0m
Types pavement : flexible pavement
Pavement structure :

40
mm
60
mm
150
mm
250
mm

Proposed pavement structure

b) Road side drain :

Type of drainage : Brickwall Drain
Kerb (600 mm)
250 mm pc pipe : 5m c/c with 5284m length
Marginal strip : 250 mm
Length : 5284m (5.284km)
Crusher run packing
Block drain, grade 20 mass concrete.

c) Jogging Track :
Type of track : Gravel block / paver block
Length : 1776m (1.776km)
Width : 2m

d) Access road :
Type: Paver block
Length : 100m x 2 for 2 way (from the access road)
Width : 7.0m x 2 for 2 way ( including shoulder road)