Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

Chapter 04
Archaeal Cell Structure

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. Molecules or regions of molecules that readily interact with water are said to be
__________, whereas molecules or regions of molecules that are insoluble in water or do not
readily interact with water are said to be hydrophobic.
hydrophilic

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Draw an archaeal cell envelope and identify the component
layers
Section: 04.02

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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

Multiple Choice Questions

2. External structures that are found in Archaea but not Bacteria are ___.
A. pili
B. flagella
C. hami
D. peptidoglycan

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.04.01 Describe cannulae and hami
Section: 04.04
Topic: Prokaryotes

Fill in the Blank Questions

3. A(n) __________ layer is a layer of protein or glycoprotein that exhibits a pattern

resembling floor tiles.
S

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Draw an archaeal cell envelope and identify the component
layers
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes

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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

True / False Questions

4. Cell walls of most Archaea and bacteria contain peptidoglycan.

FALSE

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Learning Outcome: 04.02.02 Compare and contrast archaeal and bacterial cell envelopes in
terms of their structure, molecular makeup, and functions
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes

Fill in the Blank Questions

5. _______ is a peptidoglycan-like molecule found in the cell walls of some archaea.

Pseudomurein

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.01.01 Describe a typical archaeal cell
Learning Outcome: 04.02.02 Compare and contrast archaeal and bacterial cell envelopes in
terms of their structure, molecular makeup, and functions
Section: 04.01
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryotes

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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

True / False Questions

6. The hydrocarbons found in the membranes of archaea are identical to those found in
bacteria.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Learning Outcome: 04.02.02 Compare and contrast archaeal and bacterial cell envelopes in
terms of their structure, molecular makeup, and functions
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes

Fill in the Blank Questions

7. _______ are the site of protein synthesis in the cell.

Ribosomes

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of
replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 Compare and contrast the cytoplasm of bacterial and archaeal
cells
Section: 04.05

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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

True / False Questions

8. Archaeal flagella are superficially similar to bacterial flagella, although archaeal flagella
are much thicker than bacterial flagella.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.04.03 Compare and contrast bacterial and archaeal flagella in terms
of their structure and function
Section: 04.04
Topic: Prokaryotes

Multiple Choice Questions

9. A feature unique to some archaeal plasma membranes is that they may

A. consist of a lipid bilayer that lacks integral membrane proteins.
B. consist of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
C. contain sterols such as cholesterol.
D. consist of a lipid monolayer.

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Compare and contrast bacterial and archaeal cells in terms of
the structures observed and their chemical make up
Section: 04.05
Topic: Prokaryotes

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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

10. Bacterial and archaeal ribosomes are known as _____ ribosomes, based on their
sedimentation coefficient.
A. 50S
B. 30S
C. 80S
D. 70S
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 Compare and contrast the cytoplasm of bacterial and archaeal
cells
Section: 04.03
Topic: Prokaryotes

Fill in the Blank Questions

11. A large number of the genes shared only by bacteria and Archaea produce proteins that
are involved in ____________ ___________.
metabolic pathways

ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic
diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 Compare and contrast the cytoplasm of bacterial and archaeal
cells
Section: 04.03
Topic: Prokaryotes

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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

12. A peptidoglycan-like polymer found in the cell walls of some Archaea is called
__________.
pseudomurein
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Draw an archaeal cell envelope and identify the component
layers
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryotes

True / False Questions

13. Glycogen is used as a major carbon and energy reserve by some archaeons.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment
depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 Compare and contrast the cytoplasm of bacterial and archaeal
cells
Section: 04.03
Topic: Prokaryotes

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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

14. Some methanogenic Archaea are capable of fixing nitrogen.

TRUE
ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic
diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Learning Outcome: 04.02.03 Compare and contrast nutrient uptake mechanisms observed in
bacteria and archaea
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Compare and contrast bacterial and archaeal cells in terms of
the structures observed and their chemical make up
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryotes

15. Archaeons have been isolated from temperate and cold environments.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment
depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Compare and contrast bacterial and archaeal cells in terms of
the structures observed and their chemical make up
Section: 04.05
Topic: Prokaryotes

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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

16. The DNA of some archaeons is stabilized by association with archaeal histone proteins
forming particles resembling eucaryotic nucleosomes.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of
replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 Compare and contrast the cytoplasm of bacterial and archaeal
cells
Section: 04.03
Topic: Prokaryotes

17. The RNA polymerase enzymes of the Archaea are more similar to eukaryotic enzymes
than to bacterial enzymes.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of
replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 Compare and contrast the cytoplasm of bacterial and archaeal
cells
Section: 04.03
Topic: Prokaryotes

4-9
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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

18. Many archaeal genomes include chromosomes and plasmids.

TRUE
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of
replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 Compare and contrast the cytoplasm of bacterial and archaeal
cells
Section: 04.03
Topic: Prokaryotes

19. Some archaeons are symbionts in animal digestive tracts.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 06.01 Microbes are essential for life, as we know it, and the processes that
support life (e.g. in biogeochemical cycles and plant/animal microflora).
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.01.01 Describe a typical archaeal cell
Section: 04.01
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes

20. Some archaeal cells lack a cell wall.

TRUE

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Draw an archaeal cell envelope and identify the component
layers
Section: 04.01
Topic: Prokaryotes

4-10
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part

Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

21. Most archaeal mRNAs like those of eukaryotes are spliced.

FALSE
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of
replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 Compare and contrast the cytoplasm of bacterial and archaeal
cells
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes

22. Unlike other prokaryotes, archaeons (except Sulfolobus) have two origins of replication.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of
replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Compare and contrast bacterial and archaeal cells in terms of
the structures observed and their chemical make up
Section: 04.05
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes

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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

23. Archaeons are not known to incorporate (fix) carbon dioxide.

FALSE
ASM Objective: 06.01 Microbes are essential for life, as we know it, and the processes that
support life (e.g. in biogeochemical cycles and plant/animal microflora).
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.03 Compare and contrast nutrient uptake mechanisms observed in
bacteria and archaea
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryotes

24. Unlike members of the Bacteria, most archaeons have linear chromosomes with multiple
origins of replication.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of
replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Compare and contrast bacterial and archaeal cells in terms of
the structures observed and their chemical make up
Section: 04.05
Topic: Prokaryotes

4-12
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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

25. Methanogens may contribute to the greenhouse effect and global warming due to
methane production.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic
ecosystems.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Compare and contrast bacterial and archaeal cells in terms of
the structures observed and their chemical make up
Section: 04.05
Topic: Prokaryotes

Multiple Choice Questions

26. The Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota are

A. the two phyla of the Archaea.
B. very closely related based on 16S rRNA comparisons.
C. photosynthetic Archaea.
D. now classified with the bacteria based on genomic sequence analysis.

ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in

phylogenetic trees.
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.01.01 Describe a typical archaeal cell
Section: 04.01

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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

27. Archaeal promoters are most similar to those of

A. viruses.
B. bacteria.
C. eukaryotes.
D. both viruses and bacteria.
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of
replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 Compare and contrast the cytoplasm of bacterial and archaeal
cells
Section: 04.03
Topic: Prokaryotes

28. Because archaeons lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls

A. some have an outer layer of complex polysaccharide.
B. some have an outer layer of protein.
C. they must always be grown in isotonic medium.
D. some have an outer layer of complex polysaccharide and some have an outer layer of
protein

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Draw an archaeal cell envelope and identify the component
layers
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryotes

4-14
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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

29. Which of the following is not true about archaeal ribosomes?

A. They are 70S like bacterial ribosomes.
B. They may possess ribosome binding sites homologous to bacterial Shine-Dalgarno
sequences.
C. They have similar antibiotic sensitivities to those of bacteria.
D. All of these are true about archaeal ribosomes.
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of
replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.03.01 Compare and contrast the cytoplasm of bacterial and archaeal
cells

30. The primary lipid components of the membranes of extreme thermophiles are
A. sulfolipids.
B. cholesterol.
C. 40 carbon diglycerol tetraethers.
D. 20 carbon diglycerol diethers.

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.01 Draw an archaeal cell envelope and identify the component
layers
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryotes

4-15
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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

31. The Archaea do not use __________ as a mechanism for reproduction.

A. binary fission
B. budding
C. mitosis
D. fragmentation
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment
depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05.01 Compare and contrast bacterial and archaeal cells in terms of
the structures observed and their chemical make up
Section: 04.05
Topic: Prokaryotes

32. Archaeal membranes contain which of the following lipids?

A. phospholipids
B. sulfolipids
C. glycolipids
D. all of these

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.02 Compare and contrast archaeal and bacterial cell envelopes in
terms of their structure, molecular makeup, and functions
Section: 04.04
Topic: Prokaryotes

4-16
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part

Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

33. Methanogens can live only in __________ environments.

A. aerobic
B. anaerobic
C. microaerophilic
D. all of these
ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic
diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.02.03 Compare and contrast nutrient uptake mechanisms observed in
bacteria and archaea
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes

34. The Archaea generally lack which of the following that are normally found in gramnegative bacteria?
A. Outer membrane.
B. A complex peptidoglycan network.
C. Lipopolysaccharide.
D. All of the choices.

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.02.02 Compare and contrast archaeal and bacterial cell envelopes in
terms of their structure, molecular makeup, and functions
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryotes

4-17
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part

Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

35. Which of the following contribute(s) to the differences between the Archaea and the
bacteria?
A. Archaea lack muramic acid.
B. Archaea have isopranyl glycerol ethers rather than fatty acid esters in their membrane
lipids.
C. Archaea differ from bacteria in their tRNA composition, ribosome structure, and antibiotic
sensitivity.
D. all of these.
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.02.02 Compare and contrast archaeal and bacterial cell envelopes in
terms of their structure, molecular makeup, and functions
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes

36. Archaeal cell walls

A. are disrupted by treatment with lysozyme or penicillin.
B. are similar to those of gram-negative bacteria.
C. lack murein and D-amino acids.
D. include orthomureine.

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.02.02 Compare and contrast archaeal and bacterial cell envelopes in
terms of their structure, molecular makeup, and functions
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryotes

4-18
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Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

37. Diglycerol tetraether lipids

A. are a characteristic feature of thermophilic Archaea.
B. tend to make the membrane less rigid.
C. are found in some bacteria and some Archaea.
D. form typical bilayer membranes in thermophilic Archaea of the genus Thermoplasma.
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Learning Outcome: 04.01.01 Describe a typical archaeal cell
Section: 04.01

38. The cell membranes of wall-less archaeons are strengthened by

A. diglycerol ethers.
B. glycoprotein or protein layers.
C. pseudomurein.
D. diglycerol tetraethers.

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.02.02 Compare and contrast archaeal and bacterial cell envelopes in
terms of their structure, molecular makeup, and functions
Section: 04.02
Topic: Prokaryotes

4-19
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part

Chapter 04 - Archaeal Cell Structure

39. Which of the following structures are external to both Bacterial and Archaeal cells?
A. ribosomes
B. hami
C. pili
D. peptidoglycan
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Learning Outcome: 04.04.02 Compare and contrast bacterial and archaeal pili
Section: 04.02

True / False Questions

40. Archaeal and Bacterial pili are identical in structure and function.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.04.02 Compare and contrast bacterial and archaeal pili
Section: 04.04
Topic: Prokaryotes

4-20
2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part