ASSIGNMENT NO 1

TOPIC:

S A F E T Y

Submitted to:

Dr.Syed Amjad Ahmad

SUBMITTED BY:
ASHRAF

MUHAMMAD BILAL
(2013-CHEM-84)

NFC INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & FERTILIZERS

RESEARCH, FAISALABAD

SAFETY
1) What is Safety?
Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual,
financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of
failure, damage, error, accidents,

harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable.

Safety can also be defined to be the control of recognized hazards to achieve an

acceptable level of risk. This can take the form of being protected from the event or
from exposure to something that causes health or economical losses. It can include
protection of people or of possessions.

o Purpose of Safety:
There are two main purposes.
a) Safety of Worker
b) Safety of machine and tools

2) Accidents:
An accident, mishap, or, more archaically, misadventure, is an unforeseen and
unplanned event or circumstance, often with lack of intention or necessity. It usually implies a generally negative
outcome which may have been avoided or prevented had circumstances leading up to the accident been recognized,
and acted upon, prior to its occurrence.

3) Causes of accidents:
There are two causes of accidents

o Unsafe acts
o Unsafe conditions

a) UNSAFE ACTS:

It has been found that unsafe actions, more so than unsafe conditions are the root cause

of the vast majority of occupational injuries and accidents. Performance of a task or other activity that is
conducted in a manner that may threaten the health and/or safety of workers.
Examples:

Operating the machine without proper clearance and warning

Operating the equipment at unsafe speed
Misuse of tools
Failure to use protective things
Failure to secure the equipment
Use the improper posture
Use of tools with wet hands

b) UNSAFE CONDITIONS:

A condition in the work place that is likely to cause property damage or injury.

Examples are:

Improper safety device

Improper tools
Inadequate lightening and ventilation design
Unsafe clothing
Slippery and unsafe floor
Poor house keeping
Effective material and equipment

4) HAZARDS:
A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment. Most hazards are
dormant or potential, with only a theoretical risk of harm; however, once a hazard becomes "active", it can create
an emergency situation. A hazardous situation that has come to pass is called an incident. Hazard
and possibility interact together to create risk.

CHEMICAL HAZARDS:

Chemical hazards are substances that can cause harm or damage to the body, property or the
environment. Chemical hazards can be both natural and human made origin.During

working,

when accidentally acid burns it may become the cause of damages of

human beings, machine and tools.

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS:
An electrical hazard is a dangerous condition where a worker can or does make electrical contact with
energized equipment or a conductor. From that contact, the person may sustain an injury from shock,
and there is a potential for the worker to receive an arc flash (electrical

explosion) burn, thermal burn or blast injury.

FIRE HAZARDS:

A fire hazard is situation where there is greater than normal risk of harm to property or people due to fire. It
can be defined as a hazardous area where fire will start or where smokes or gasses can be generated, or
where an explosion can occur endangering the lives of people.

5) SAFETY CLOTHES:
High-visibility clothing, a type of personal protective equipment, is any
clothing worn that has highly reflective properties or a color that is easily discernible from any background.
Yellow waistcoats worn by emergency services are a common example.
Following are some types of safety clothes.

GLOVES:

Work gloves are personal protective equipment worn during work projects that cover and protect the
hands from the wrist to the fingers.
APRON:
An apron is an outer protective garment that covers primarily the front of the body. It may be worn for
hygienic reasons as well as in order to protect clothes from wear and tear, or else due to a symbolic
meaning.

GOGGLES:

Goggles or safety glasses are forms of protective eyewear that usually

enclose or protect the area surrounding the eye in order to prevent
particulates, water or chemicals from striking the eyes. They are used in chemistry laboratories and in
woodworking.
SHOES:

A shoe having a reinforced or steel toe cap.

EAR PLUGS:

An earplug is a device that is meant to be inserted in the ear canal to protect

the user's ears from loud noises or the intrusion of water, foreign bodies, dust
excessive wind.

HELMET:

A helmet is a form of protective gear worn to protect the head from injuries.

FACE SHIELD:

A face shield is a device used to protect wearer's entire face from impact
hazard such as flying objects and road debris, chemical splashes, or
potentially infectious fluid.

6)

GENERAL SAFETY RULES:

o

NO unauthorized personnel are permitted to operate machinery.

Visitors outside of the office area may be required to wear safety equipment, i.e., safety glasses, dust
masks, etc.

Instrument makers and machinists are expected to follow all general safe machining and clean
housekeeping practices and standards.

It is NOT permissible to grind, sand, cut or machine in any manner ANY

radioactive or solid toxics (Beryllium, asbestos, etc.)

Open-toed shoes or sandals are not permitted in the shop.

Report any unsafe conditions to the shop supervisor or safety committee.

Raw materials brought to the shop for machining must be accompanied

by a copy of the P.O. or packing slip and the Material Safety Data Sheet

(MSDS). NO EXCEPTIONS.

If machine is on lockout tag, only authorized persons may remove the tag.

or

A fire extinguisher for metal fires will be readily available.

A first aid kit is readily available in the shop and will be properly stocked.