PROGRAM - MBA

SUBJECT CODE & NAME - MB0050 - RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY
1.Distinguish between descriptive and causal
research studies?
Conclusive research
Conclusive research is carried out to test and validate the study hypotheses.
In contrast to exploratory research, these studies are more structured and
definite.
The variables and constructs in the research are clearly defined. For
example, finding customer satisfaction levels of heavy consumers of different
pizzas in the Pizza Hut menu. Now, this needs clear definition of customer
satisfaction; secondly, how we will identify heavy consumers. The timeframe
of the study and respondent selection are more formal and representative.
The emphasis on reliability and validity of the research findings are all the
more significant, as the results might need to be implemented.

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2. Briefly explain the concepts of reliability,

validity and sensitivity.
1. Reliability
Reliability is concerned with consistency, accuracy and predictability of the
scale. It refers to the extent to which a measurement process is free from
random errors. The reliability of a scale can be measured using the following
methods:
Testretest reliability:
In this method, repeated measurements of the same person or group using
the same scale under similar conditions are taken. A very high correlation
between the two scores indicates that the scale is reliable. The researcher
has to be careful in deciding the time difference between two observations. If
the time difference between two observations is very small it is

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3.
What
are
the
advantages
and
disadvantages of the questionnaire method?
Illustrate with suitable examples.

Advantages
The questionnaire has many advantages over the other data collection
methods discussed earlier.
Probably the greatest benefit of the method is its adaptability. There is,
actually speaking, no domain or branch for which a questionnaire cannot be
designed. It can be shaped in a manner that can be easily understood by the
population under study. The language, the content and the manner of
questioning can be modified suitably. The instrument is particularly suitable
for studies that are trying to establish the reasons for certain occurrences or
behaviour.
The second advantage is that it assures anonymity if it is self-administered
by the respondent, as there is no pressure or embarrassment in revealing
sensitive data. A lot of questionnaires do not even require the person to fill in
his/her name. Administering the questionnaire is much faster and less
expensive as compared to other primary and a few secondary sources as
well.

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4.
What is
significance.
Data editing

data

editing?

Mention

its

Data editing is the process that involves detecting and correcting errors
(logical inconsistencies) in data. After collection, the data is subjected to
processing. Processing requires that the researcher must go over all the raw
data forms and check them for errors.
Significance
The significance of validation becomes more important in the following
cases:
In case the form had been translated into another language, expert analysis
is done to see whether the meaning of the questions in the two measures is
the same or not.
The second case could be that the questionnaire survey has to be done at
multiple locations

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5. Differentiate between descriptive

inferential analysis of data.

and

Descriptive Analysis
Descriptive analysis refers to transformation of raw data into a form that will
facilitate easy understanding and interpretation. Descriptive analysis deals
with summary measures relating to the sample data. The common ways of
summarizing data are by calculating average, range, standard deviation,

frequency and percentage distribution. Below is a set of typical questions

that are required to be answered under descriptive statistics:
What is the average income of the sample?
What is the standard deviation of ages in the sample?

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6. Explain the Structure of the Research

Report.
What
are
the
guidelines
for
effective report writing?
Explanation of the Structure of the Research Report
1. Preliminary Section: This section mainly consists of
identification information for the study conducted. It has the
following individual elements:
Title page:The title should be crisp and indicative of the nature
of the project.
Letter of authorization:The author of this letter is the business
manager who formally gives the permission for executing the

project. The tone of this letter, unlike the above document, is very
precise and formal.

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