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Codes and standards and regulation issues for design and construction of the
ITER mechanical components
V. Barabash , G. Sannazzaro, N. Mitchell, C. Jong, B. Giraud, K. Ioki, N. Taylor, M. Merola,
C. Walker, M. Glugla, W. Curd, D. Sands
ITER Organization, Route de Vinon, CS 90 046 13067 St Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history:
Available online 7 May 2010
Keywords:
Codes and Standards
ITER
Licensing
Nuclear pressure equipment
Pressure equipment
a b s t r a c t
A coherent set of Codes and Standards (C&S) for the ITER structures, system and components is needed
to full the safety and licensing requirements, and to provide the specied quality of the mechanical
components manufactured by the different ITER Parties. In general the basic regulatory documents do
not specify particular design and manufacturing codes, but for pressure equipment general Essential
Safety Requirements are formulated and the means to full them from a technical and legal point of
view are given. This paper presents requirements for the ITER pressure and nuclear pressure equipment.
It describes the selection of Codes and Standards for the mechanical components. Available industrial
codes and standards (e.g. ASME, RCC-MR, and European standards) are selected for ITER components. For
components not covered by conventional codes, specic structural design criteria and technical specications have been developed. The remaining issues discussed are related to the completion of the specic
C&S and the assessment of conformity with regulatory requirements before and during construction of
the components.
2010 ITER Organization. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
In accordance with Article 14 of the Agreement on the establishment of the ITER organization, ITER shall observe French
regulations. In accordance with French Law, ITER is a Basic Nuclear
Installation because of the tritium inventory in the facility. The
licensing process for the ITER facility in application of French regulations has been described recently in detail in Ref. [1].
Specic attention has to be paid to regulations related to
mechanical components, in particular to components providing
a safety function. Among existing French regulatory documents,
the Order dated 12th December 2005 concerning nuclear pressure
equipment [2], Decree No. 99-1046 dated 13th December 1999
concerning pressure equipment (with later amendments) introduction of the Pressure Equipment Directive in France [3], and the
Order dated 10th August 1984 concerning the quality of the design,
construction and operation of structures, systems and components
of basic nuclear installations [4] are identied as documents establishing specic requirements for design and manufacture of the
mechanical components.
A coherent set of Codes and Standards (C&S) for the ITER structures, system and components is needed to full the safety and
0920-3796/$ see front matter 2010 ITER Organization. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.03.021
1
Notied body is a company that has been nominated by a Member State and
notied to the European Commission for pressure equipment conformity assessment.
2
The CE mark is a mandatory conformity mark on many products placed on the
single market in the European Economic Area (EEA). CE marking means that the
pressure equipment complies with the provisions of this Directive. CE stands for
Conformit Europenne, European conformity in French.
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ESPN has practically extended the application of the methodology foreseen by ESP and PED (ESR, conformity modules, etc.) to
nuclear pressure equipment in France. ESPN has double classication of the equipment:
Pressure hazard based on ESP rules, Category IIV, and Category
0 (equivalent to SEP);
Nuclear level N1, N2 and N3.
ESPN includes some additional requirement on ESR depending
on the nuclear level of the equipment.
As far as C&S are concerned, the ESPN does not dene specic
requirements for the selection of the codes, but requires that the
conformity with ESR is demonstrated. In accordance with ESPN
requirement, the operator of a nuclear facility shall provide the
description of operational conditions, and the manufacturer of the
equipment (who is responsible for the design, fabrication and conformity with regulation) shall select an applicable code which is
used as a tool for demonstrating conformity with Essential Safety
Requirements.
The ESPN also denes rules for maintenance and monitoring,
periodic inspections, installation and operation and periodic requalications of nuclear pressure equipment. A manufacturer of
nuclear equipment shall contract an Agreed (by the French regulator) Notied Body (ANB3 ) and after completion of the conformity
assessment shall declare conformity.
2.3. Quality Order 1994
This Order [4] denes the specic activities which shall be
implemented by the operator of a nuclear facility with regards to
the safety demonstration. Quality Related Activities (QRA) which
have an impact on the quality of Safety Important Components
shall be identied by operator and they are related to design, manufacturing, construction and operation of the nuclear facility. The
quality requirements of this order are implemented in the ITER
Quality Assurance Program, which is applicable for the ITER system
and components. Similar quality requirements must be implemented by the suppliers and/or contractors and following chain
of subcontractors.
3. C&S for the ITER components
The selection of the Codes and Standards for the mechanical
components is based on the comprehensive assessment of the
available codes and their features, ITER operational condition and
safety requirements. Mechanical components include vessels, piping, tanks, pumps, valves, heat exchanges etc. and supports. These
3
Agreed notied body is a company that is a Notied Body and which is
agreed/authorized by the French Nuclear Authority (Autorit de Surt Nuclaire,
ASN) for the conformity assessment of the nuclear pressure equipment as dened
by ESPN.
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The detailed descriptions of these criteria are presented in Section 4 of this paper.
(2). Existing industrial C&S:
ASME codes,
RCC-MR, edition 2007 [9],
EU harmonized standards, e.g. EN 13445.
Historically for the ITER project US codes and standards have
been selected as the main codes because the US standards are familiar to most participants and because they are the origin of and
consistent with many other national standards. In particular, the
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and related Codes for piping,
valves, and pumps were adopted as the standards for the project.
ASME Section VIII Division 2 is selected as the main Code for various
vessels. However, the rules could be changed to Section VIII Division 1 for certain pressure vessels if analysis shows that Division 1
can be applied.
RCC-MR, edition 2007 is proposed as the design and construction code for the ITER vacuum vessel and port components. The
main reasons for the selection of this code and its main features are
described in Section 4.3.
Various European harmonized standards were recently developed. These standards are considered to be in conformity with
Essential Safety Requirements of ESP. The use of these standards
is proposed for some pressure equipment which will be manufactured in the EU.
With relation to ESP and ESPN the following types of equipment
are identied:
(1) Standard pressure (non-nuclear) equipment. Many ITER systems include various types of pressure equipment: magnet
feeders and manifolds, equipment in cryoplant and cryo-
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For the design of the ITER magnet structures the specic Magnet
Structural Design Criteria have been developed [6]. These design
criteria result from extensive assessment of the features of various existing codes and standards (ASME, Section III, Section VIII,
ASME B31.3, API 579, etc.). Existing codes generally exclude the low
temperature range (there are very recently developed European
harmonized standards for cryogenic application, but the experience on their application is limited); however, the methodologies
in these codes are in many cases applicable.
The needs for development of the specic design criteria arise
from the unique features of the ITER magnet structure such as:
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5. Conclusion
Acknowledgement
This paper was prepared as an account of work by or for the
ITER Organization. The Members of the Organization are the Peoples Republic of China, the European Atomic Energy Community,
Republic of India, Japan, Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation,
and the United States of America. The views and opinions expressed
herein do not necessarily reect those of the Members or any
agency thereof. Dissemination of the information in this paper is
governed by the applicable terms of the ITER Joint Implementation
Agreement.
References
[1] C. Alejaldre, J. Elbez-Uzan, P. Reynard, L. Rodriguez-Rodrigo, N. Taylor, ITER, a
Fusion Nuclear Installation, presented at 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on Fusion
Power Plant Safety, 1517 July, Vienna, 2009.
[2] Order dated 12th December 2005 concerning nuclear pressure equipment
(ESPN).
[3] French Decree No. 99-1046 dated 13th December 1999 concerning pressure
equipment (amended by further Decrees in 2003 and 2007) and Order dated
21st December 1999 concerning classication and conformity assessment of
pressure equipment.
[4] Order dated 10th August 1984 Concerning Quality of Design, Construction and
Operation of Basic Nuclear Installation.
[5] Order dated 15th March 2000 relative to the operation of pressure equipment.
[6] Magnet Structural Design Criteria, Part 1: Main Structural Components and
Welds [ITER D 2FMHHS v1.1] Part II: Magnet Windings (Radial Plates and Conductors) with High and Low Voltage Insulation and Epoxy Filler [ITER D 2ES43V
v1.1] Part III: Bolts, Keys, Supports and Special Components [ITER D 2FKTTG v1]
Part IV: Cryogenic Piping [ITER D 2FDCA3 v1.1].
[7] Structural Design Criteria In-vessel Components (SDC-IC), [ITER 222RHC].
[8] ITER Technical Specications for Components with Non- Metallic Parts, 2010,
in press.
[9] Design and Construction Rules for Mechanical Components of Nuclear Installation, RCC-MR, French Association for the Design, Construction and Operating
Supervision of the Equipment for Electro-Nuclear Boilers (AFCEN), edition
2007.
[10] C. Escaravage, D. Bonne, O. Gelineau et al., Recent Development of RCC-MR Code
for High Temperature Reactor and ITER Project, Proc. of 2008 ASME Pressure
Vessels and Piping Division Conference, paper PVP2008-61527.
[11] Guide for ASME Stamp Holders, Use of ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 1 to Meet the EC
Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC), ASME, July 2, 2001.