‘SPA CREEK INSTRUMENTS Cu. 616 3:8 Sveet fnapois tb 21400 Sin Barat WOORGNVH IVollovHd Ss. THE 12 VOLT DOCTOR’S PRACTICAL HANDBOOK for the boat's electric system by Edaar J. evn SpaCreek)" SPA CREEK INSTRUMENTS CO. evap Mb 21403 (aon aereae5THE 12 VOLT DOCTOR's THE NEW SPA CREEK ' PRACTICAL HANDBOOK ELECTRICAL PARTS CATALOG. fe 7 NOW AVAILABLE SEE BACK for the boat's electric system PAGE FOR ORDER FORM. by Edgar J. Beyn ‘A SPECIAL DISCOUNT ORDER FORM IS LOCATED ON IHE LAST PAGE FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE. SPA CREEK INSTRUMENTS CO. ANNAPOLIS, MARYLANDSarvare ISBN number 0151-077 foromante Anes, Mand ROA, USE OF ay RCTS sresiebon sete PAOHBTED, 2 wiring diagram for your boat would be & rs eouts a sei asa eet map of Braoklya \Weewed from ten feet away. But read How simple tis when you take sal stops, one area and one sketch at atime whenever you happen fo ook a {8 particular deal. Eventual, you wil nav a colecon of suche which th the chagram, rouble shooting wi te much ear. and so wit plan ring. Repairs willbe much faster to. Sooner olter you wit eecis hat {3 deslaned the boat s ancien anioment caesar nett vor ‘ant igh anew paces, swichesnailferent locations, ade insvomonts 4nd equipment. run elect rom beter erargedbtieres, Thastoo rom Knowing your boat's elects to making changes wllcome cite alr ‘Stat with relatively easy subject ang later vou wil be suns tw ne degree conaence you have gained Yourouai wi then your serena ‘expectations in way no ane else an match with any amount of hod repair sence ‘Asn wt ulna Ut ss uo, you ae nbea to wie with questions {and comments which we wil answer ss swift as posible. Espa, tl ‘us what new details shouldbe covered inthe next eciion ans what dd ional equipment you would tke to have or make. And tell us about your haat itaninys a qualiy notmany tMore de your fonder evngere, ‘Annapolis, Soptemibor 1909 eeven ‘Spa Crook instruments Co. ‘Seawine Ketch OBADIAHContents smwrocuction “ Very Besi Eectrcty Volt, Ohm. Ampere, Wat! Calculated Tre Volt Ohm Meter (voM) Wiring Diagrams Wire Size Teblo and Exampies ‘Soldering Finishing Touches Switeh On Hera, OF There Elctical Leake Electrolytic Corrosion Stray Electe Current Corosion ging Meters. Engine Instruments and Alarms Low unm Meter Battery Capacty Meter ‘Altrnatore Charging Diodes Table: How Much Current Noise and Fiters Power forthe Calculator “American Boat & Yacht Councl: Safety Standards Electric Power trom the Son ie Port Blige Pump Alarm ‘Batteries and Battery Charaing Lamp List. Print Gicut Boards Wind Eletelty In 0X ese 15 7 6 51 55 er 9 v8 7 13 6 “ 15 179 185, 8 180 17 189 a7 225 220Very Basic Electricity: the Plumbing Equivalent. tis easy to see how sec trical unt are related to each ‘ther If you compare them ‘uth experiments wh water at us compere ballery Wwersny vith supply of water unger Dressure. In Sketch 4.3 ~ ‘weighted piston presses on Kercu()) ‘ured by the pressure gnuge Psront oundeperaquerainch PS) Peessuee pirated ae toavolimeter ‘Connect & garden nose ree nozzle tothe water 98) Psi Fetal watorinto to ait Win grestor weight on the piston Sketeh 2 there ‘witb a higher waterjet The ight of het could servo as a measaramen ot pressure Gompare electical curen! or Ampere to water cuter could measure water How rate mina buceet ay catering Sxeren € BIG BercurJet and counting, in gations per minute. Otner flow rate meters could be Propellers or pace wheel inthe wate line, much ike your boats speed Crete poe Instead ofthe weight onthe piston, we could use more water to generate ‘the weight and presoure, by making the water container tall enough unl we reach the desire proseue voltage), and wide encugh forthe needed iow let usexperterent and take some measurements, tostow how things are related. Connect avaive tothe water supoy. Skateh 5, White vave Is tured of tow rato zero. What do you think he pressure gauges wil show? The one on the left wl show the oreasure ofthe water sunai. the ‘neon the right wilshow 2are. Te clesedvlveresiats water low perectiy, |thas itil high resistance Next, open the valve in Sketch 8 enough fo et some water How. Let us assume thal the let pressure gauge reads 12 Volts and the one on height Zero, and tna Ine wotor tow fate info the OUGRE 65 AMpeTe. How MCh water wil flow if we double the supply pressure from 12 to 24 Volts? The Now rate will doube, 0 10 Ampere. And the resistance of the valve i hat satting. by Ohm'slaw, i Pressure.cr Voltage dviged by low rater Ampere, Pressure _ Volt _ 12 Flow Rate ~ Amp ~ 5 Lure Seeren@) Pe P ree surrey] © suercu@ VALVE. eee vsld metal aavute wie ow rate meter ourammeter equ sont, In ths experiment? We could instal lt sryuhers in tne ine et or Fight ofthe valve, since the few rate the sume ery, ‘Sketeh 6 shows an oloctica! cieult. armetere at any of = locations oS és. Geena ne ‘Would ary size of tow rate meter work? No, Look at Sketch 7. The ‘ade wnaal meters so small that alge on in pressure accu 3! tho Sree preseue epost press ater suopy. ana pressure ‘ownstream i esaertly zero, Theresstance of this smal arma equ ‘lent i too high for thi eppiction The flow rate meter n Sketch ®. or fe other Rand, doce not rosit flow ta Buln large thal he salsupecy| padle ween respononnge a current ony ‘About meters in general: note in Connected by aT" to the main water Tins. Very tl low rate in invalved with pressure gauges or volmetes, te ines iy be smal ea wie thin at My ‘ost withstand pressure: wires must have ingulation to wihstane the iwotvedvolt- 190. Flow reitance of vematersis very hah there 16 flow throuah pressure ‘Seuges which makes tet resttance ine fitety high. Al valtmetere ose mail ~~ mount of current, you could compare thie function bee! with mmessurng me neg ‘Sketch 3. The bot! vollmeters do tele ‘measurements withthe amelie! eutrent ‘or the tnnnost water jot. The best vote ‘Anerson the oer hand inal inthe mn ne ff and cna nve ow ossance bes err mum pas tou to ivenaed (sutt oe anette el exept deg Wie ie meres mre an ay yen sae ae ey a ‘esstanoe whe tro now tange of curenwi hee sone what ‘None ertnce We wile amonent why tht le pet, Pat ‘ete mien shows an lca eco bon oneter ans eestor. inStotehe sncnersatie nsec neseyp a ae ‘ow of am current is measures by the ammeter Voltmeter” V" measures the tension or pressure af he supply Lar curren ees not low rough ‘Let us tak abou power. We rmasture iin horepower. oF in Wate eter a a Te a ti ae NY Teaite stow xo oe at ware, ono mestrca gave tah rar Seacrest — | Le letat ne oad so tht oy tr, ‘To genarate the same powe 3 i = emcccccer ibe Of lower pressure and choose 3 SKETCH big jot or ueo water at higher rdstue wien aos us To Use lees volume, because the watr jet is fest due (0 te higher pressure Power is deleemined by both flow rate and pressure, by both Ampere and Volt: One Wat is gereraled when @cuvtat ef ore Amp flows om the “ink of a 40 Watt lamp ("light bub") at Rome: connected 0 110 Vol only B38 Ampare need flow to genarite 0 Wat On tne boat, 240 Wat lamp draws 23 Ampere wnen on 12 Vo But in Both eases, Vo times valle cesigned to have a much Rgher resistance, namely about 300 Ohm [caleuatad from 110 Volt end 0.96 Ampere as discussed with Sketch 5). Ifyou connected this bulb to 12 V, the pressure would be only abou! one tenth of 10, and only about one ont of ihe currant woul ow, potas imately 0288 Ampere On 12 Vani that woula only bs COabtimes 12 — 04 ‘iat hich shows wy the 40 Watt Househeld tmp would ot work onboard 5“The 40 Watt lamp for 12 Vat hs a retistance of only about & Ohm. ws {aleulates trom 12 Voll and 3.6 Ampore. Hf you connects this amp to 110 ‘Got at nome, about fon times the pressure or votage woUrarorce aouut ten times 36 Amps of curent through this lamp: a very short surge of ‘ower oF Ampe mes 110 Vol = 3960 Wats would destroy he lamp and iow 2 tus, power On the bos we assume tata elects is used at 72 Vol and ‘stl talkin tra of Amporeinetead, We talk flow rate but mean power: (2ach Ampere equals 12 Wat and abatery with 100 Ampere ours supplies meters, Ampere multiplied by Vat give Wat, and 1000 Watt orW are one kilo Watt or KH. We have seen earlier tet resistance afects flow rata or current, Look at Sketch 5 again: as you close the vale, you increase ‘ectsonea and even flaw rate, What hagoens there are two resistances {Cottle necks} inthe came wator pipe? In Sketch 41 we have woven sors Sin series.” These bottle necks inthe pipe are called FR, and Fy we knew tholr values In Ohm, we could calculate the lw rate ito the bucket. In serge, their values ave simply added together. thar otal wore one Ohm, SheVolrwould cause a current of one Ampere. th total rsitance were 19Ohm insteadot 1 Ohm, only one tenth of eurrent would ew. a just as you would expect ‘Now to the pressure gauge oF voltage readings-two of them are obvious. tne votage ater wit be te sappy walle 12 wll and aright. with no ‘ther vetiton coming. te 26, The volage betwoen the resstors though ‘5 not eaty to guess Gut very significant so we will ein the following ‘example. The vollage between the estors willbe nal he supply volag Voltage ls vided I the resistors ware 10 and 2 Ohm, the voltage drop at tore wouldalso beat avaloof 102 Sketch 12shows heslecrical ‘and ow the vliages are measured. On the Bost, many problems af in recta in sore an thie bie 9B Barta at WE ‘Should ook a sme examples. sure WournereR, skercu @ Firat examples Theres switch forthe compass ight. The lam inthe compass is fled 1W The awe is sightycorraced and nas developed Contact resistance of 5 Ohm, How wil fat affect tne comoass ah? answer: tne compass ght draws: 1 Vist dvided by 12 Yolt = 0088 ‘Ampere thas veieance of: 12Vel dried by 0088 Arpare ~ 144 Ohm ‘Adsing another resistor of 5 Ohm, the swten, 9 ganas ta Ihe lamp wi Increase Iota esstance fo 149 Ohm. the lect wil harly be ntiesbla Second example: The same ype of switch is used to switen a 9 Wat, cabin light. Thisvtith alo havcortoces anaevelopea SOnmeresistonce ‘tits contacts, Wil hat affect Oe cain ign? ‘Anawer: 07 12 Voit the cabin laht craw: ‘faWat aided by 13Vok = 83 Ampare has: 12Volt diged by 33 Ampere = 26 Ohms of resistance ‘Adging the smite esictance In seis win tis amp wi more than eouble ‘tha total resistance, so tha! the curent willbe racuced to "Evo ameso oy es toa unm = 1s ampere wisn ow irougr sen ‘ang tarp. Ts arp wl terete nary glow 2a. ‘And another problem the switch we now havea voltage dp of? elt (12Vot spit bythe rato of restances, or 12 diges ay 85, muted by Seotatrvok tmes rs ampere = most 1 mato: Rest ae gonrate8 atthe switch contact. ‘Third example: th starer motor on your engine i ated 3000 Watt & battery cable terminal has developed very sign contact reitance at 3 aH pest the resatance sony 00 onan Unm ane ow nso ‘nth te trtr motor Can you start your engine? an you ind te eattry Connection by han toveh? Anew: The starter motor oss. 3000 Wat vides by 12 Voll = 250 Amore, is essance Is Ohmi series brings the total resistance to 0.038 whion allows cn12Vor vided by 2.058 Ohm = 207 Ampere, s thet power is reduced to 207 Amps times 12 Vol ~ 2484 Watt inated of 3000 Watt And of those ‘2hoa warts nr altars appre at he sarer moro" ur ie Ure von, went 2 Volts are dropped at the added resistance atthe baery post which corresponds to: 2 tines 207 Ampere = 408 Wat so Neto 2404 minus 408 = 2578 ring te tam the engine shout te tide of ermal ohare, Dareiy enough. The 408 Watt atthe Datry post are enough to make tet post and terminal HOT in seconds, You would easily fin by jst feeling {he cabo connections until you tnd the hot one. Much las resistance of Surieg staring. Phe phoma Eat Taha af tnite and Batatlanadine Equivalent Pounds per Square Inch, PS! Flow Rate Gallons per minute Power Wat or Horsepower Work Work Watt houre Watt hours. Kilowatt hours, Horsepower hours, Man hours, Joules, BTU An incvensn voltage causes an An icrease in oressure causes an Increase m corent ‘merease in fow rte ‘an increase in resistance causes a ecrease in lw rato lime, move Wat ere needed. more power i eeded. Volt times Amp = Walt Greater More power may come from greater ay be rom higher Ames wator pressure or fom highe: ow ‘Te same Wattage may come The séme work may be done with ‘rom nigh voltage but ow righ water volume unde ow curren orlow votage buthighprescure.orfow volume a nigh one DSresoure qweter ot wns ut ramete) Volt, Ohm, Ampere, Watt Calculated Hore are some examples with numbers. In Skate 1, e resistor could bbea piece of eecirial equipment Ammeter And volimeler show how ‘they must be connected hom 2M ® Q 3imp A {2a =A «4h Qov ungr sKeren @ avon