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  • Inverter Refrigirator

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    4 просмотров16 страниц

    Inverter Refrigirator

    Загружено:

    Aazuela Rvn
    ref

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
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    cs) United States US 2003000023641 «2 Patent Application Publication (io) Pub. No.: US 2003/0000236 Al Anderson et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jan, 2, 2003 (54) ALTERNATOR/INVERTER UNIT RIGERATION (75) Inventors: Eugene Thomas Anderson, Bloomington, MN (US); Arnost Hurych, Praha (CS); Vladimir Sule, Minnetonka, MN (US); Greg. ‘Truckenbrod, Fridley, MN (US); Donald J. Bongaards, Shorewood, MN (US); Zdenek Kaiser, Prague (CS) Correspondence Address: Michael Best & Friedrich LLP 3773 Corporate Parkway, Suite 360 Center Valley, PA 18034 (US) (73) Assignee: Thermo King Corporation, Mianeapo- lis, MN (21) Appl. Nos 10/165,944 22) Filed! Sun, 10, 2002 Related U.S. Application Data (60) Provisional application No. 60/296,874, filed on Jun, 8, 2001 Publication Classification (1) In. cl? F25B 1/00; F25B 49/00; F25B 27/00 (62) US.CL. 62/2283; 62/3233 6 ABSTRACT ‘A method of powering 4 refrigeration system, ‘The method includes providing a mover and an alternator, the alternator being coupled to the mover and generating a power signal. TThe method also includes monitoring at a coatrol a plurality of system parameters and sending a control signal based on the system parameters from the control. The method further includes receiving the power signal and the control signal at aan inverter-based device which has a plurality of inverters, converting the power signal into a controlled power signal based on the control signal, and driving plurality of ‘components of the refrigeration system with the controlled power signal, which are also controlled by the control Patent Application Publication Jan. 2, 2003 Sheet 1 of 8 US 2003/0000236 A1 12 FIG, t (7) Patent Application Publication —_ Jan. 2, 2003 Sheet 2 of 8 US 2003/0000236 AL o aoa N Patent Application Publication Jan. 2, 2003 Sheet 3 of 8 US 2003/0000236 A1 FIG. 3 Patent Application Publication Jan. 2, 2003 Sheet 4 of 8 US 2003/0000236 A1 Mb AG.4- Patent Application Publication Jan. 2, 2003 Sheet 5 of 8 US 2003/0000236 A1 FIG. S Patent Application Publication Jan. 2, 2003 Sheet 6 of 8 US 2003/0000236 A1 FIG. 6 Patent Application Publication Jan. 2, 2003 Sheet 7 of 8 US 2003/0000236 A1 ) . AG. 7 Patent Application Publication Jan. 2, 2003 Sheet 8 of 8 US 2003/0000236 AL FIG. B US 2003/0000236 AL ALTERNATOR/INVERTER REFRIGERATION UNIT CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims priority under 35 US.C. § 119 to provisional patent application serial no. 60/296,874, filed on Jun. 8, 2001 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Transport refrigeration units are used to maintain a ‘desired temperature in a conditioned load space inside an ‘enclosure used for eaerying cargo, such asin a trailer, truck ‘or other transport container. A transport refrigeration unit ‘can be installed on the exterior of the enclosure, outside of the conditioned load space. A typical cargo container is @ truck, and atypical mounting site forthe transport tempera- ture control unit is above the truck cabat the front wall of the ‘enclosure [0003] Transport refrigeration units generally include an ‘evaporator assembly that transfers heat from the conditioned load space into a relrigerant, and a condenser assembly that transfers heat from the reffigerant to the outside environ- ‘ment, The evaporator assembly typically includes an evapo- rator coil and an air-moving apparatus (eg, 2 fan). The airmoving apparatus draws relatively warm air from the ‘conditioned load space, passes the air over the evaporator coils, which take heat from the air and return the cooler air to the conditioned load space. The condenser assembly typically includes condenser coils and an ait-moving appa- ralus (¢.g., 4 fan), which draws air from the outside envi ronment over the condenser coils and retuens the heated air to the outside environment, [0004] Transport refrigeration units also generally include «refrigerant compressor to pressurize the refrigerant and an ‘expansion valve to depressurize the refrigerant, The evapo~ rator assembly, condenser assembly, compressor and other ‘componenis in the temperature conifol unit require a power supply. Conventional transport refrigeration units employ an ‘engine, such as an internal combustion diesel engine, to ‘supply the needed power (for the compressor, fans, valves, cic.) The engine can be separate lrom the vebicle engine or the Vehicle engine itself can be used, Ifthe vehicle engine is used, electrical connections need to be made between the refrigeration unit and the engine's electrical source, usually an alternator. fa addition, some units utilize a compressor driven directly by the vehicle engine, requiring pipe con- nections from the compressor t the refrigeration unit. The potential for leakage or for electrical problems is inereased ‘with the increased distance between the refrigeration unit and the engine. Other units uilize a separate engine mo near the refrigeration unit. This eliminates the le problems but intsoduces new problems. The engine will require additional maintenance and fuel to operate, increas- ing the costs of operating the unit. Typical vehicle engine~ ‘driven air conditioning systems have included inverter cit- ‘cuit components. However, these systems are power supply driven, where the output frequencies of the inverters are adjusted in response t0 the power supplied to the unit SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0005] I is generally desirable to make the transport refrigeration unit as compact and as eflicient as possible Jan. 2, 2003 Both objectives can be advanced by making the powered components of the unit electrically-powered and indepen- dently controlled. By making compressor, condenser fans ‘and evaporator fans clectrically-powered and indepen- dently-controlled, there is no need for a mover in the transport refrigeration unit. Generally speaking, @ mover is 4 device that uses mechanical or chemical energy to drive ‘another component. la the case of a transport refrigeration unit, a mover could include a diesel engine. Frequently a mover drives another device mechanically, by means such as belts and pulleys. A mover and the mover's associated apparatus consume considerable space. If the mover is a diesel engine that drives an electrie motor for example, the engine and the motor both fake up space, as do the belts and pulleys and other mechanical driving systems, [0006] Components in a transport refrigeration unit that are electrcally-powered and independently-controlled ean lize the already existing, and required, vehicle engine as a mover. Using the already existing electrical system allows for the use of efficient self-contained fans anc! compressors ‘Accondenser fan, for example, can include its own inductive motor, and need not be mechanically driven by a mover, Compressors such as hermetic seroll compressors likewise can include their own electrie motors [0007] However, using the electricity generated by the vehicle engine may be inefficient due to the wide variations in irequeney and voltage that occur ducing normal operation For example, as the vehicle engine speed increases or decreases, the frequency of the electric power from the corresponding alternator fluctuates. Therefore itis desirable to control the power supply to the dillering components to ‘optimize the efficiency of the cooling unit given the limited amount of power that may be available. [0008] Therefore the present invention provides a method ff powering a relrigeration system is provided. The method includes providing a mover, and providing an alternator, the alternator being coupled 1 the mover, and generating a power signal. The method further includes monitoring at a control a plurality of system parameters, and sending a control signal based on the system parameters from the control. Furthermore, the method includes receiving the power signal and the control signal at an inverter-based device, the inverter-based device having a plurality of inverters, and converting the power signal into a controlled power signal based on the control signal. The method also includes driving a plucality of components of the refrigera- tion unit with the controlled power signal, the components also being controlled by the control [0009] In another embostiment, a method of power distri- bution in a temperature controlled transport unit is provided. ‘The method includes providing a primary power signal and converting the primary power signal into a secondary con- trolled power signal with a plurality of inverters, The inverters are coupled to a control that sends control signals to the inverters. The method further includes driving a plurality of components in the temperature controlled sys- tem with the controlled power signal, The components are also controlled by the control. [0010] In still another embodiment according to the present invention, a power distribution system in a tempera- ture controlled transport system is provided. The system includes a mover operatively coupled to an alternator that US 2003/0000236 AL ‘generates a power signal. The mover is also operatively coupled 10 a control that monitors a plurality of system parameters and sends a control signal based on the system parameters. The system also includes an inverter-based device operatively coupled to the contro, the inverter based device having a plurality of inverters, receiving the power signal and the control signal, and converting the power signal into a controlled power signal based on the control signal, Furthermore, the system includes plurality of ‘components, the components being driven with the con- twolled power signal and being conteolled by the control. {0011} In the preferred embodiments, the present inven- tion utilizes an alternator coupled to the vebicle engine to provide an alternating current (“AC”) power sigaal. Rect fication of the AC power signal creates a direct current DC") power sigoal that is passed through a DC bus voltage ‘controller and then supplied to a pair of inverters. The DC bus voltage controller controls the variable voltage gener- ated by the alternator. Each inverter converts the DC power signal into a controlled AC power signal for driving the ‘components of the refrigeration unit. One AC power signal ‘can be used to drive the compressor, which requires the largest amount of power. The second AC power signal is them used to power the evaporator fan and condenser fan. ‘This arrangement allows for the motors to be fun at dilfereat ‘speeds and power levels depending on the amount of cooling required and the amount of power that is available from the ‘engine. [0012] The altemator is liquid cooled, with the coolant heat rejected using @ heat exchanger incorporated in the refrigeration system condenser coil or, alternatively, in the refrigeration system evaporator coil. The increased cooling ‘efficiency resulting from the use of the refrigeration system beat exchanger or evaporator coil, as opposed! to using the vehicle radiator heat exchanger, enables the use of a smaller alternator. [0013] A microprocessor-based control receives and pro- ‘cesses a number of input variables and runs a control algorithm to efficiently manage the power supply and elec- trical load of the system, The control continuously monitors refrigeration system parameters including alternator speed, refrigeration system pressure, watt power transducer values, ‘curtent power transducer values, refrigeration system suc- tion pressure value, fixed suetion pressure value, and con- ‘denser and evaporator discharge temperature to determine the current electrical load of the system. The control algo- rithm contiauously establishes: (1) the position of a suetion line proportional refrigeration valve; and (2) the inverters’ ‘output frequeney voltage. Together, these controlled param- ‘ters establish the alternator input power. A predetermined, prime mover speed-

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