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Summary 1144
Introduction 1145
Modeling Details 1145
Solution Highlights 1146
Modeling Tips 1152
Input File(s) 1152
Video 1153
1144 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 58
Summary
Title Coupled Advection for Heat Exchanger
Features • 1-D fluid flow using PCONV1 entry
• Coupled advection using PRJCON and SET3 cards
Geometry
Length: 10 in.
Air Channel: 5(1x0.5)
Numerical results
Temperature Results
CHAPTER 58 1145
Coupled Advection for Heat Exchanger
Introduction
This problem demonstrates the coupled advection capability of SOL 400 RC Network Solver.
Modeling Details
This problem shows the application of coupled advection load. You will see how the air flow associates with the heat
exchanger surfaces. The heat exchanger is being modeled in SimXpert. A normal flux 20 W/in² is applied on the top
surface. Five curves are used to represent the air flow through the five channels. SimXpert supports the use of either
fluid nodes or curves for the fluid flow. When curves are used, SimXpert automatically converts them into fluid nodes
internally. For SOL400 RC Network Solver (RCNS or RCNT), the mass flow rate is a part of the 1-D fluid flow
property; therefore, the mass flow rate of the flow conductors does not change if they are attached to multiple surfaces
with multiple coupled advection loads. Please note: this is different with SOL400 FEM solver (HSTAT or HTRAN).
For SOL400 FEM solver, mass flow rate is a part of load. If the air flow is used by different coupled advection loads,
each load has its own mass flow rate. The total mass flow rate is the sum of all the coupled advection loads.
The mesh on the surfaces does not need to match that of the curves. This is because the thermal contact used to attach
the airfow to the surface allows for dissimilar meshes. However, using the same mesh size for the air flow and the
surface (Figure 58-1) to produce a one-to-one correspondence is preferred.
q = 20 W/in2
w
lo
rF
Ai
Solution Highlights
As a part of MD Nastran SOL 400, the RC Network Solver is indicated by ANALYSIS = RCNS for steady state
thermal analysis, and ANALYSIS = RCNT for transient analysis. SimXpert always creates a SPCADD or a LOAD in
the Bulk Data Post Section for RCNS or RCNT, even if there is only one SPC or one LOAD in the Bulk Data Model
Section. This is not the case for HSTAT or HTRAN models created by SimXpert.
The following are the highlights of the Nastran input file necessary to model this problem:
PCONV1 entry is used by RC Network Solver for Fluid property. Mass Flow Rate is defined as a property parameter
in PCONV1 entry for the fluid stream (a curve or a series of 1-D bar elements); therefore, the fluid stream’s mass flow
rate is a constant, even if it maybe referenced by multiple coupled advection loads. Please note: this is different with
Nastran/Thermal where mass flow rate is a part of coupled advection load. For Nastran/Thermal, the total mass flow
rate is the sum of the mass flow rates if a fluid stream is referenced by multiple coupled advection loads.
CHAPTER 58 1147
Coupled Advection for Heat Exchanger
The PRJCON entry is used to link the two SET3 cards with a constant h value. The inlet temperature is defined as a
SPC for each node. The fluid flow is defined as a group of CHBDYP/FTUBE elements. The first SET3 entry contains
the CHBDYE surface element IDs where the coupled advection load applies. The second SET3 entry contains the
nodes along the fluid flow stream. The multiple CHBDYP elements are not allowed between the same two fluid nodes.
This is difficult with Nastran/Thermal.
The translator of RC Network Solver hooks the fluid stream nodes with the surface nodes during runtime based on the
nearest neighbor method.
1148 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 58
Defines the properties required to calculate convective heat transfer. It can exist in a simple mode with convection
coefficient defined in the MID or in advanced mode where the H value is calculated using the geometric parameters and
referenced material.
Format
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PCONV1 PID Corr ID MID Mdot Velocity Length or Flow Cross +
Diameter Section
Length Flow Cross Mdot f Velocity f Length or Flow Cross +
function Section Diameter f Section f
type type
+ C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 +
+ C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 +
+ C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24
Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PCONV1 2 701 2 1.0
Remarks
1. This entry is for RC Network solver only.
2. The PCONV1 entry contains the properties for a CONV and CHDBYP, and can be used for connecting with a
PRJCON. PID must be unique to both the PCONVID in PCONV and the PID in PHBDY. This will be the ID
referenced by CONV, PRJCON, and CHBDYP.
3. MATID must reference a MAT4 fluid material.
4. For Corr. ID and C1 thru C24, please reference MSC SINDA User’s Guide and Library Reference or the
P/Thermal User’s Guide.
1150 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 58
Specifies a thermal connection between two regions of elements. The connection is automatically determined
geometrically as a projection of the slave region on to the master, and the strength of the connection is calculated based
on the properties given.
HEAT1
Format
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PRJCON BID +
HEAT1 SET3 SET3 Slave h
Master
Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PRJCON 1
HEAT1 1 2 1.2
HEAT2
Format
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PRJCON BID +
HEAT2 SET3 SET3 Slave PID
Master
Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PRJCON 1
HEAT2 1 2 1001
HEAT3
Format
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PRJCON BID +
HEAT3 SET3 SET3 Slave F Emis Emis Slave
Master Master
CHAPTER 58 1151
Coupled Advection for Heat Exchanger
Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PRJCON 1
HEAT3 1 2 1. 0.85 0.5
HEAT4
Format
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PRJCON BID +
HEAT4 SET3 SET3 Slave F RADC id RADC id
Master Master Slave
Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PRJCON 1
HEAT4 1 2 1. 1001 1002
Remarks:
1. This HEATx and the later parameters are for RC Network solver only.
2. For HEAT2, PID must refer to a PCONV1 type, and not a PCONV or PCONVM.
3. RC Network Solver uses a projection method to determine the connection (not the “nearest neighbor method”).
In most of the cases, the projection method is more accurate than the nearest neighbor method.
Results
SimXpert cannot display the temperature contour on the fluid stream but does on solid surface such as plate or solid
element faces. The air flows are heated by the wall, so the temperature at outlet points is higher than that at inlet points.
This also causes the temperature gradient on the heat exchanger surfaces. The heat conducts from the top surface to
the bottom surface through the six side walls; this causes the waves of the temperature contour.
Modeling Tips
The 1-D Fluid Flow properties are defined in Material and Property/1D Properties / Correlation. If you want to use
constant convection coefficient in the coupled advection loads, please select the 1D Fluid Flow option. If you want to
use convection correlation to calculate the convection coefficient, please pick the Convection Correlation option.
Please note coupled advection can be applied to the top or bottom of a surface and will produce the same results.
Input File(s)
File Description
QT26_exchang_all.dat MD Nastran SOL400/RC Network Solver thermal input file
CHAPTER 58 1153
Coupled Advection for Heat Exchanger
Video
Click on the image or caption below to view a streaming video of this problem; it lasts approximately 30 minutes and
explains how the steps are performed.
Length: 10 in.
Air Channel: 5(1x0.5)