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November 26, 2016

Newa American Dabu
Chicago Newa VI
2541 West Jerome Street, Unit A
Chicago, Illinois 60645
Greetings!
As Governor of the State of Illinois, it is my pleasure to congratulate Newa American Dabu on
the release of its sixth Chicago Newa newsletter.
I commend the work of Newa American Dabu for providing a critical resource to the
community of Newa people in the Chicagoland area. As we strive for greater ethnic diversity
and awareness throughout the country, publications such as yours are important links
between our businesses and our communities.
On behalf of the citizens of Illinois, I offer my best wishes for many years of great success.
Sincerely,

Bruce Rauner
Governor, State of Illinois

Namaskar and Jwojolapa!

As the Ambassador of Nepal to the US, it is my pleasure to extend my heartfelt
congratulations to Newa American Dabu (NAD) on the publication of the 6th issue of
Chicago Newa.
Since its establishment, Newa American Dabu has rigorously promoted and preserved
Newa culture, language and heritage. Undoubtedly, such efforts further promote Nepali
values and celebrate diversity in Nepal. I am optimistic that through various social, cultural
and educational initiatives hosted by the NAD, our Nepali diaspora will continue to stay
united in the days to come.
Once again, I congratulate you on your continued success and my best wishes to all for
Nepal Sambat 1137.
Dhanyabad and Subhay,

Dr. Arjun K. Karki

November 26, 2016

Shrawan Shrestha, President

Newa American Dabu
2541 W. Jerome St., Unit A
Chicago, IL 60645
Dear Mr. Shrestha,
As Illinois Secretary of the State, I am proud to commend you and your staff at the Newa American Dabu (NAD) on the release of the 6th issue of the Chicago Newa.
For several years, NAD has done a wonderful job fostering a climate of international support by
providing information, professional opportunities and a sense of community for Newa Americans. This publication is an excellent tool for bringing people together because it promotes
cultural understanding and celebrates Newa heritage.
On behalf of the people of Illinois, please accept my congratulations on publishing another
meaningful issue of the Chicago Newa.
Best wishes for continued success with future editions of Chicago Newa.

Sincerely,

Jesse White
Illinois Secretary of State

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g]kfnL efiff+ x] kl/jf/o\ vF Nxfo]u' rng h'of jgfRjg . lnkf j 5]Fo\
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clejfbg .
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g]jfM klqsfoft n]v 5k' Rjof laOt Ogfk ofgflbn .
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vF ;To x] h'Ou' vMnf < kl/l:ylt nf lh+ cHofu' x]

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wdfwd TjMtf jgfRjg . lh+ laZn]if0f oft :jof . Yjoft
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dvgf . lhtMnf lab]zL lafg+ wfMu' wfk" x] ;To h'Oy]+
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zf:jt 5'+ db' . cy] h";f+ yMt oMu' wOu' bORjgL, yMu'
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efiff, yMu' b]z d]d]u' b]z Gx\ofSj x] lasl;t h";f+ yMu'
wOu' oOu' x] h'ofRjg . plsof lg+lt+ j lab]zL lafgof
eljiojf0fL c;To h'Os]t jo\sn+ eljioo\ emLu' efo\of
cl:tTjof af/] z+sf ofMu'of sf/0f j lg/fs/0fof pkfo
lhs] dgo\ n"u' 5'+ vF yg Rjo] To]gf . lh yf}+sGxo\ Yj
efiffof u'u'+ g+ ;+:yf gfk :jfk" b'u' g+ dv', lh+ yf}+sGxo\
y'lsof nflu 5'+ ofgf g+ Rjgfu' dv', cy] h";f+ dft[efiff
k|lt lhu' cem g+ blgu' k|]dof sf/0f+ yg Rjof Rjgf .
emLu' efiff Gxgf j+uo' f sf/0fof laZn]if0f 5SjM ofgf :jo]
!= 5]F 5]Fo\ yM d:to\t df+ af}lk;+ yMu' dft[efiff+ vF dNxf;]
g]kfnL efiff+ vF Nxfo]u' oft . pls+ d:to\;+ g]jfM
ef;+ vF Nxfo] dju' hs dv', Nxf x] dNxft . k|To]s
g]jfMto\;+ d]u' k':tfoflk+;+ g]jfM ef;+ vF NxfO dv't .

1
Newa American Dabu

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Vjk j cg+ g+ k"j{ kfv]of g]jfMto\;+ o]Fof g]jfMt gfk+
g]jfM ef;+ vF dNxfOu' h'of Rjg .
$= k|fylds laBfno dft[efiff+ Aj+sLu' wfM;f+ P;=Pn=;L=of
kf7\oqmdo\ bSj k|fb]lzs efiffoft OR5flwg laifono\
tofM j OR5flwg laifoof j}slNkso\ Optional
Math tof Ao"u'ln+ yMu' dft[efiffof yf;o\ Gx\ofDxl;g+
Optional Math x] sofM AjgLu' :jefljs h'n .
%= lgDx+ g]jfM vF NxfOlk+ h";f lkxf+ jg]ano\ g]jfM efif+
vF NxfODx g]jfM wsfM Dxd:o"u'ln+ Gxfkfnfs g]kfnL+
lg+ vF NxfO j g]jfM wsfM l;n wfo]j+ ltlg lgDx:of+
g]jfM ef;+ vF Nxfo]t :jO .
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vF Nxfo]u' rng h'of jgf Rjg . lnkf j 5]Fo\ g]jfM
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g]jfM efo\ NxfOlk+ kf;flk+ jf ttf s]x]+lk+ bfh'lshflk+
h";f+ Old yj+ yjo\ vF NxfOano\ g]kfnL vF Nxfo]t
cMk' tfMu' h'n .
*= cy] x] g]jfM efo\of pkfb]otfof lx;fa+ larfM ofM;f
y'lsof pkfb]otf 5'no\ wsfM larfM of;f+ efiff k|]d jf
efiff ;flxTo lasf; l;a]+ d]u' 5'+ c;fwf/0f pkfb]otf
5'+ vg] db'u'ln+ u'ln u'ln+:of+ Yj efo\oft dxTj dAo"u'
h"u' h'n .
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y]+ h'n j g]jfM efiff nf]k h'Os]t d]u' !)) bF dfnL dv'
y]+ Rjg . pls+ olb emL;+ emLu' efo\oft Djfsf to]u' vM;f
clt xyfo\ rfofM y'lsoft k|lt/f]w ofOu' s[ofsnfk yy+] x]
ofgf o+s] dfMu' b' . cn] jo\sM ljfgof z+sf g+ lgaf/0f
h'O . eljiojf0fL unt h'O .
!= bsl;a] Gxfkf+ ;sn g]jfMldto\s] Yj hfu/0f xo] dfn

ls g]jfM efo\ dNxft wfM;f g]jfMto\u' Dxl;sf -klxrfg_

dbO jgL wOu' g]jfMto\t jfM rfo]s] laO dfn . plsofu'
nflu g]jfM ;+3 ;+:yft hf/fh'?Ss Gx\ofMjg] dfn .
bFo\ 5u" uf]li7 ofo]u', plsO j x] k'nf+lk+ efiff k|]dLlkGt
hs r"nfsf+ dlhn Gx" Gx"lk+t hfu?s ofo] dfn .
efiff hjfMt;]+ Yj vFo\ Ro"tfM to]dfn . O{ AoM cg';f/
Xo"kfM xo] dfn .
@= yM drfvfrfto\t g]jfM ef;+ yMyMu' 5]Fo\ vF Nxfo] dfn .
drfano\ lkgfu' k';f x] afFnfs Ajnlgu'ln+ df+of Kjfy+
lg;]+ :jbF KobF db'tno\ 5]Fo\ yMu' x] df+ ef;+ laz]if
ofgfM df+ j ca'+ cn] yMlhlk;+ vF Nxfo] dfn . g]kfnL
efiff nf :s"n jg wfo]j+ cy] x] Nxfgf xO . g]kfnL
hs dv' yf}s
+ Gxo\ nf :s"no\ Oln; h'of jo] w's
+ n.
d:to\;+ Oln; j g]kfnL cy]+ ;o]sf jgL . yf}s
+ Gxo\of
df+ ca'lk;+ g]kfnL j Oln;oft hs k|f]T;fxg aLu'
oft wfM;f emLu' efiff d]u' !)) b+ Gxgf djgL wsfM
z+sf sfo]DjfM . uy] ls sf7df8f}+ pkTosf j 5u"
lgu" zx/ TjMtfM d]d]u' yf;o\ Rj+lk+ g]jfMt;]+ a'9fa'l9lk+
gfk l;a]+ yM d:to\ gfk yMu' dft[efiff+ -ljz]if ofgfM
g]jfMt;]+_ vF dNxfo] w'+sn .
#= lhld kf;flklg vF NxfNxf jgfano\ 5Dx lafg kf;f+
wfMu' yy] lhld sfo\lk+ lgDx lhu' Gx\oMg] g]jfM efif+
vF dNxf;] g]kfnL efiff+ vF NxfMu'ln+ lh lhld sfo\lk+t
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ef;+ vF dNxf;] g]kfnL+ vF Nxft . Yj nf l5ld;+ lhtM
x] jf:tf dofMu' h'n . lhu' Gx\oMg] nf sd;]sd g]jfM
ef;+ x] vF Nxf wsfM erf Gjfo] y]+ ofgfM wofu'ln+
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ofgf dRj+Dx+ g+ cfM la:tf/ la:tf/+ g]jfM ef;+ vF Nxfgf
xn . z'?O nf jOt yfs'n . t/ cfM g]jfM ef;+ vF
NxfODx h'n . j 5]Fo\ cfM g]jfM ef;+ x] vF NxfOu'
h'of Rjg .
cy] x] d]Dx 5Dx kf;f+ yy] woflbn lhld s]+x]of 5]o\F
Hof ofODx kxf8+ jMDx g]kfnL efo\ hs :o"Dx:of+ lhlk+ gfk+
kmf]go\ g]jfM ef;+ vF NxfgfM Gx\o;M ln;M ofO, 5fo\wfM;f
j 5]Fo\ km'Ss:of+ g]jfM ef;+ vF NxfOu' j Hof ofODx ld;f+
g+ g]jfM efiff GoFGo+ ;o]sfM g]jfM ef;+ vF Nxfo]t k|f]T;fxg
Ao"u'ln+ j+ g]jfM ef;+ vF Nxfo] ;o]sn .

2
Newa American Dabu

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lhu' 5]Fo\ Hof ofODx ld;f drf+ g]jfM ef;+ NxfMu'
km'Ss vF y" t/ vF Nxfo] d;M . 5u" lgu" zAb u'an]+
u'an]+ wof xO . ;fob\ lhld 5]F hMlk+;+ j gfk g]jfM ef;+
vF Nxft wfM;f j+ g+ g]kfnL+ hs dv' emLu' ef;+ g+ vF
NxfOu' h'O .
kLbF Goo]bF Gx\oM g]kfn d08no\ jofM Hof ofMjMlk+
g]jfM efiffefifL dv'lk+ ;s:of+ g+ dfM;f g]jfM efiffof
Aoaxf/ ofgf jofRj+u' lh+ :o" . /f0ffhLof d:to\;+ g+
g]jfM ef;+ vF NxfMu' lh+ :o" . t/ yf}+ j rng laNs'n x]
dGt . k;no\ jgfM GofM j+;f+ g]jfM k;Nof+ lh gfk Gxfkf+
g]kfnL+ vF NxfO{ cn] lh+ g]jfM efif+ vF NxfM;f hs g]jfM
ef;+ ln;M laO . olb g]jfM efo\oft k|rngo\ xo]u' vM;f
sd;]sd emL yMyMnf g]jfM efif+ vF Nxfo]g' . plsof nflu
g]jfM efifL dv'lklgu' cTolws hg;+Vof+ ofgfM ;' gfk
g]kfnL+ j ;' gfk g]jfM efif+ vF Nxfo]u' wOu' dl5+u' cj:yf
h'Ou'ln+ g]jfMt;]+ emL wOu' nf]uf] tofM h'n wfM;f g]jfM
ef;+ cMk's vFNxfaNxf ofo] bO . a;] h";f+ vF Nxfgf jg]
ano\ g]jfM ef;+ vF Nxfo] bO . g]jfM ef;+ Nxfo]u' k|rng
a[l4 h'of jO . Yj k|:tfjof af/] lh+ lrQw/ bfOof gfd+
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5SjM k|:tfj ofgfu' vM . zfob jo\sMlklg lrQo\ Yj
vF n'dwg h'O .
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sf6'{g :jofM d:to\;+ lxlGb j c+u|]hL efiff ;o]sLu' hs
dv', vF g+ Nxfo] kmOu' h'ofRjg . Tom & Jerry y]+ HofMu'
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ofo]t ;fdYo{ b'lk+ oSj+ g]jfMt bO j psL dWo]oflk;+ Yj

efiff ysfo]u'ln Hof Gx\ofsf lbO .
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jg wfM;f bof+ jgL, dNxf;] jg wfM;f tgf jgLu' h'n .
pls+ lkg] d]lklg gfk g]kfnL+ vF Nxfo] dfM;f+ sd;]sd
yMu' 5]Fo\ lg+ yMu' dft[efiff+ vF Nxfo]u' ofo] dfn .
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g]jfM ef;+ g+ lgj]bg laO Ho" wOu' vF jn . cn] g]jfM
ef;+ lga]bgof nflu 5u" 5'} clkm; sf]7fof Aoa:yf g+
h'ofRj+u' b' xF . cg clkm;o\ lga]bg sfo]t sfl/Gbfof
Aoa:yf g+ b' xF . t/ g]jfM ef;+ lga]bg Ao" jMlk+ ;'+ x]
db' cls+ cg Rj+Dx sfl/Gbfof Hof db'u'ln+ d]d]u' Hof
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sfof{Gjog ofo]t g]jfMt x] Gx\oHofo] dfMu' vM . cg]s
lsl;dof gf/f laof+ hs+ dufM wfTy]+ Yj Aoj:yf bofRj+u'
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wfo] dkm' . wfo\wfM;f+ lh+ g]jfM ef;+ 5k' lgk' u'an]+ u'an]+
l;a]+ dRjo] w'g . ylh kf;flk+;+ xfg+ Rjo] dfn wsfM
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ofo] dkm't .
cfM Yj efiffof nflu ;dlk{t h'of RjgfbLlk+ ;sn
g]kfMldt;]+ lafg o'/f]kof kf;f+ wfMy]+ dh'Os]t uy] ofM;f
lhO larfM ofgf bLdfn . tg dg wg+ km'Dx:of+ k'mkm" sy+
Ujfxfln ofgfM efiff j g]jfM hfltoft Djfsf to] kmo]s]
dfn . Yj x] lhu' z'e]R5f . ;'efo\ . ;s:of+ z'e dn
h'Odf .

efh' u'Xo]Zj/L /fh dfgGw/ 5Dx al/i7 Rjld j k]zfut sy+ OlGhlgo/ vM .
jo\sn+ g]=;+= !)&# ;+ kf;f -kflIfs_ klqsf ;Dkfbs g+ ofgf B"u' b' .
ln;]+ Rj;f kf;fof 5Dx ;lqmo sfo{stf{ j ;lrj g+ h'of bLu' b' .
3
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Unic Group Investment LLC

A Real Estate Investment Company, Estd 2014
139-143 Prospect Ave, Mt. Prospect, Illinois 60056
Tel: 224 236 2650

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5
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af:tjo\ wfy] wfo]u' x] vM;f kmQfxf wd{of d"dGqof dd{
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6
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j lqmof tflhUjM sy+ lgu" Ajo\ AjynftMu' b' .
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a:t'O 5\o]nLu' tflhUjMoft ;fdfGo tflhUjM wfO .
uy]ls
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UjMnfMu' a:t' uy]ls k[YjL, es'+Ujf/f, sfult,
;Gt/fl;, ef]uTof, n8\8', vF] cflb .

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s]s cflb .

5'+ g+ a:t' b'g] to]t aNnfSs bo]sftMu' a:t'
uy]ls esf/L, ;Gb", b/fh cflb .

cGg uy]ls 5\j, so\u", xfDjM, hfls cflb .

5]Fof 5'+ 5'+ efu uy]ls yf+, kMvfM, wln+, vMuM
cflb .

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cflb .

ynan uy]ls s;Ml/, tfSof, lunf;, Tok,
t;nf, bfn' cflb .

;jf/L ;fwgt a;, sf/, df]6/;fOsn cflb .

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uf}rf, k'ln, Ejl/, Ko+ cflb .

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uy]ls kml;, t'l;, uf]ne]8f, efGtf, KjfTof, :ofp,
kfl; cflb .

j;Mt uy]ls ;'?jfM, tk'ln cflb .

d]du] ' a:t' uy]ls SofNs'n6] /, lx6/, ntfOF, k+vf,
3l8 cflb .
u" lghL{j ;+1fof yLyL tflhUjM b' . Olk+ yLyL
tflhUjn+ so]dRofMu' jf so]Rofo] dkm'u' jfsL
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sy+ wfo]u' vM;f tMw+u' jf rLw+u' k"0f{?kofu'
a:t' NofMvfOano\ u" ofgfM NofMvfO .

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Ujf/f tUjo\s HofgftMu' UjMnfMu' a:t'O Yj tflhUjM
5\o]nL .

7
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lgkf NxfM gfk+ tofM 5'+ g+ a:t' uy]ls, hfls,
alh, nM kmofM sfo]t Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL .
5kf;M hfls lgkf;M nM
Dxof c+u -b'?KjM_ b'? kfs]6, Ej+ jf sfkto\
b'g] 5'+ tofM lrgftOu' KjMoft NofMvfOano\ Yj
tflhUjM 5\o]nL .
b'?KjM lgKjM Ej+KjM :jKjM d;nfKjM KoKjM
c+uno\ lkrfo\s jf lkdrfo\s vgftMu' XjM,
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rMlt cflb lkxf+ jOu' yfo\oft KjfM wfO . kmf]x/
r'OsLu' Wj+KjfMoft g+ KjfM x] wfO . Yj km'Ss
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cKjM ofgfM UjUjMnfMu' tftfxfsMu' a:t'
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Yj jfx]s g+ 6fO, rDrf, hgL jf l;vM cflb
NofMvfOano\ g+ Yj x] tflhUjM 5\o]nL .
6fO 5k' rDrf lgk' jf Gofk' l;vM v'k'
:jf+ jf :jf+ y]+ XjofRj+u' a:t' NofMvfOano\ Yj
tflhUjM 5\o]nL .
:jf+ 5km\jM nj+ lgkm\jM
lvlt, Ej+, sfkMof tx jf kq NofMvfo]ano\ Yj
tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

df

lvlt 5aM
sfkM lgaM Ej+ :jaM
rfo\ kLu' jf lkgftMu' 5'+ g+ df jf l;df
NofMvfOano\ Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

nfefdf lgdf l;df 5df :jf+df :jdf
xM rfo\ lkgftMu' 5'+ g+ dfof xM NofMvfOano\ xM
x] tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

:jfdfof xM 5xM c+dfof xM lgxM
Dx Yj tflhUjM ;hLj a:t'of tflhUjM vM, t/
cy] vM;f+ ;hLjof cg's/0f ofgfM bo]sftMu'
lghL{j a:t' uy], stf+dl/, lrlgofDx lsl;rf j
;hLjof sNkgf ofgftMlk+ cnf}lss a:t't e"t,
k|]t, VofM, BM cflb NofMvfOano\ Yj tflhUjM
5\o]nL .

5Dx dg" lgDx lrlgofDx lsl;rf :jDxM BM
!=!=@= laz]if tflhUjM
5u" yf;o\ jf a:t'O hs 5\o]nLu' tflhUjMoft
laz]if tflhUjM wfO . Yj laz]if tflhUjM yy] b'
ufM ufM Dx'oftMu' yfo\ NofMvfOano\ hs ufM tflhUjM
tofM NofMvfO .

ufM 5ufM
ufM lgufM
Uj+ l;df SjyOano\ lkg]of cfsf/ k|sf/ d:o+s
rfgftMu' l;+oft Uj+ wfO . y'lsoft NofMvfOano\ Uj+
tflhUjM x] 5\on
] L . Yj tflhUjM l;+of Uj+no\ hs
5\o]nL .
3M nMto]u' nL jf l;hMof Aos'+rfo\Ho"u' tMUjMu'
ynoft 3M wfO . y'lsoft NofMvfOano\ 3M x]
tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

nL3M 53M
l;hM3M lg3M
tsf Wo]af Go]g]+ano\ hs Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

5tsf lgtsf lemtsf
wfM nM jMu' jf djMu' lxlt NofMvfOano\ Yj tflhUjM
5\o]nL .

5wfM lgwfM :jwfM
ktf skfno\ tLu' l;GxM NofMvfOano\ hs ktf
tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

l;GxM 5ktf l;GxM lgktf
lk r'lkoft NofMvfOano\ hs Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL

r'lk 5lk
r'lk lglk

8
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
kL a'Foft NofMvfOano\ hs Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

5kL a'F
lgkL a'F
k]o\ hf jfnfM go]t NxfMtL jSj kl/df0foft Yj
tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

hf 5k]o\
hf lgk]o\
km+ s]/fdfo\ ;ofRj+u' s]/f vfofxOano\ 5k' 5k'
ofgfM vfof dxM;]+ 5u" lwSsf jf ;d"x vfofgf
xof tM;f j lwSsf jf ;d"xoft km+ wfO . Yj
tflhUjM s]/fo\ hs 5\o]nLu' tflhUjM vM .

s]/f 5km+
a]o\ go]t 7Ls h'Os lrgftMu' UjfMoft Yj tflhUjM
5\o]nL .

UjfM 5a]o\
UjfM lga]o\
Aj Ejo\ go]t j gs]t alh Nj;f3f;f tofM efu
toftMu'oft Aj wfO, y'sL Aj tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

Ejo\ 5Aj
EjfM go]t 7Ls ofgfM NxftL jSj u+u' g;fof kl/df0foft
EjfM tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

;do\alh lgEjfM
!=!=# ;d"x tflhUjM
lgu" jf lgu'ln+ dofs a:t'oft 5sn+ wfo]u'
vFUjMoft ;d"x tflhUjM wfO . Yj ;d"x tflhUjMt
yy] b'
sn] 5'+ g+ tftfMxfsMu' a:t't y"y" lrgftMu' a:t'oft
NofMvfOano\ Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

wlgof 5sn] nfef lgsn] ;' :jsn]
sf Rofs]t 7Ls ofgftMu' l;+ j nFk'O sf tflhUjM
5\o]nL .

5sf l;+
lgsf nF
vF +lr+sftMu' hf cnu cnu ofgf tn wfM;f j
Ajoft NofMvfOano\ Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

5vF hf
lgvF hf
ufhM sn] l;a]+ tMy's lrgftMu' 5'+ g+ tftfxfsMu'
a:t'oft Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

5\jfln 5ufhM nfef lgufhM
h' nfsf+ jf df]hf, k+hfof lgkf lgkfof HjMoft h'
tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

nfsf+ 5h'
df]hf lgh'

HjM 5'+ g+ a:t' lgu" lgu" tofM HjMvfsftMu' a:t'

NofMvfOano\ Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

Gxfo\kgo\ tLu' 6k 5HjM
HjfFo\ 5u" x] b+no\ bOu' l;;fa';f cGgoft Yj tflhUjM
5\o]nL .

5HjfFo\ bfv lgHjfFo\ jf
kF
5'+ g+ Kos'n
+ fMu' UjMnfMu' jf :js'n
+ fMu' a:t' Btgf
tM;f+ psLoft NofMvfOano\ Yj tflhUjM 5\o]
nL .

un}+rf 5kF
;'s" lgkF
b]o\df :jkF
KjfFo\ tftfxfsMu' 5u" jf 5k' l;a]+ cKjM a:t't 5yfo\
tofM lrgftMu' a:t'O Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

tfMrf 5KjfFo\ snd lgKjfFo\
k'FO Yj KjfFo\of rLw+u' ?k vM . Yj ;'sf, ;F cflb
lrrLk"u' a:t' NofMvfOano\ Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL .

5k'FO ;'sf lgk'FO ;F
k'rM dg", hgfj/ jf 5'+ g+ go]u' lrhoft NofM vfOano\
Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL .
em+uM 5k'rM nj+ lgk'rM dg" :jk'rM
ayf+ 5'+ g+ hgfj/, em+uMto\u' ;d"xoft Yj tflhUjM
5\o]nL .

Rjno\ 5ayf+ ;f lgayf+
SjM :j+u" ayf+
@= ls|of tflhUjM

NofMUjMof lnpg] 5'+ 5u" jf tMu" dl5+ ls|ofof
GXoMg] RjgfM lqmofof tflhUjn+ ls|ofof Hof UjMsM
u'sy+ h"u' vM plsof NofM So]gL yy] ls|ofof
NofM So]lgu'oft lqmof tflhUjM wfO . Yj lqmof
tflhUjM yy] b' .
sM Yj tflhUjM g]kfnefiffof ls|ofof tflhUjMt dWo]
d]d]u' tflhUjM l;j]+ cKjM 5\o]nLu' tflhUjM vM .
5'+ O{ jf knv hs h'Ou' ls|ofo\ Yj tflhUjM
jO . uy]ls M

/fd 5 sMjn . j+ 5 sMgn . j+ lgsMTjg .
emfM 5'+ erf tfMxfsMu' O{ ts h'Ou' Hof So]gLu'
ls|ofln;] Yj tflhUjM jO . uy]ls M

Yj :jf+dfo\ 5 emfM oSj :jf+ Xjn . j 5emfM
t;s+ Dx+ dkm't .

9
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
y' knvof nflu+ an+ h'Ou' ls|ofln;] Yj tflhUjM
jO . uy]ls

/fd+ bM lgy' bfn . /fd+ Zofdoft lgy' Rjft .
t'
Yjt'o] ls|ofln;] GXo;f sofM jO . uy]ls M

5t' t'o]
wfMGx" Yj tflhUjM j;to\ ;fa'g+ yfo]u' j lxofu'
j;M rfo]u' ln;]+ j yfo]u' j rfo]u' ls|ofln;]
Yj lgu" tflhUjM 5u"of yf;o\ d]u' 5\on]km' .
uy]ls M

j+ j;MlgwfMGx" rft . j+ j;to\ lgwfMGx"
;fa'g+ yft .
;fM w'd|kfg ofo]ano\ ;f;n+ UjMs s'+ ;fn]u' ls|of
oft NofM vfOano\ Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL . uy]lsM

ahf+ 5;fM ;fn] . r'/f]6 lg;fM ;fn] .

lx+

5'g+ a:t' cyf{t lvkM, ;'sf, hgL cflb lxg]

lqmofln;] Yj tflhUjM 5\o]nL . uy]ls M

cfzgf/f+ g+ v'lx+ hgL lxgfM lrt . ;'sf
:jlx+ lxg .

y'sy+ g]kfnefiffo\ 5'+ g+ a:t' jf k|f0fL NofM
vfOano\ la:s+ la:s+ yLyL tflhUjM 5\on]u' ofO .
yhfMu' laz]iftf d]d]u' efiffo\ b'u' vg] db' . g]kfnefiff
PsfIf/L k|a[ltof efiff h"u'ln+ g+ yy] h"u' h'Okm' .
lnw+;f M
dxh{g, t'o' axfb'/, !!@* tflhUjM efiff la1fg
kl/ro . o]F M sNof0fL tfd|fsf/
hf]zL, ;'Gb/ s[i0f, !!!@ tflhUjM g]kfnefiffof efiff
a}1flgs Aofs/0f . o]F M nfsf}n lkygf

efh' /lag >]i7 g]kfn efiff laifo sofM Pd= P= Ajgf bLu' b' . jo\sn+ oSj x] g]kfn efiffof
Uo;"nfu' Rj;" RjofM yL yL kq klqsfo\ lkygf bLu' b' .

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Happy New Year

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Nepal Sambat 1137

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

C
Prajjwal Babu,
Manita & Prestina Gongal
Chicago, Illinois

Radha Krishna, Matina,

Ranish & Royal Shrestha

10
Newa American Dabu

Chicago, Illinois

lzsfuf] g]jfM

s"6gLlt
lDxuM jofM k':tfo\ /fh ofo]t :jOu' sf xM yM ofo]j+
t'+ xf gfk+ yM ofo] wof+ bOnf < g'uM b'g] dGXo dGXo
h'ofRj+u' vF ;'Ot wfo] ;'Ot wfo] h'ofRj+Dx kfgjtLof Dx't'
u'0fdfof GXog] b+ jo]j+ yj+yM x] cg h'n .
yf}n
F f erfdo\h+' Ejvfo\ x] Hjgf emfMy]+ Rj+ . 5fo\, ug,
5' h'n < ;'gf+ 5' oft < ;'gf+ 5' wfn < u'0fdfof ttfh'+
GXo;Mof v'l;afM jo]sn .

k'is/ dfy]df
g]kfM

' x's' ;+sn, cn] wfn, l hu' d'2ltof

lh dfd+ yy]+ jf dwfMu' h";f j ef} y]+ Rj+Dx lhld ef}g+ kfgatL+ 5\o+ Nx'sN
nf ofKk x] ofo] w's
+ u" ' sfM . tO lhld dfd+ lhs] dGo+;] 5'+ EjF 5s" dfn xF jof sfo\oft lkg] Aj+s] 5\jo]t .
dofOu' h'ofM j 5]oF \ 5]oF \ h'ofRjg sf . lhld lshf 5Dx uy] hs wfo] km'u' h'O yf}FsGxo\of HjfOlk+ g+
;f]emf h'ofM = = 5' ofo]u' < j emf]5oF] fDx DXofo\drf vM;f
lh g+ nf r;fgof DXofo\drf vM lg kfgjlt+ vFoft em+ lGxnfM wfn, lh 5Dx bQn] Old;+ lhld dfFoft nYofo]
wof+ kmOu'nf sf <
/x:odo bo]s' bo]s+' wfn .
aHo] dfFof kmf]g n;tf AjfFo\ jofM kmf]g lan .
h'n 5' < u'0fdfof ttfh'of vF Gog] cfo\aO' w's
+ n.
;'of kmf]g <
5' h'O < j x] Woafof vF nf vMlg Njfk'of k';f
lglgof
lhld lshfof sfo\of cfO{ 6\jG] 6L jn xF jMu'nf afFx]
kfgatLof ldvfo\ DXofo\of VjfM em'nS' s jn, j d';S' s
nfMu' vF vMlg dv'nf, u'0fdfof < cfM j x] v+ Njfk'of
lGxn
. u'0fdfof ttfh'oft knv Gx} w}u' efj+ :jofM l/l;e/
k';f h'Ou' wOu' rflx+ afFnfu' vF dv't lg
gfOs Hjg, oOk'Ss Gxfo\kgo\ lbsn, cn] dltgf+ n]xn
F] x] F]
afF x] nft lg uano\ jlgu' h'n no\ <
k"u' ;n+ gjft, d}of+, hf go] w'gnf 5+ <
jlgu'of vF Gxfkf+u' OG:6nd]06 5\jo]t nf Woaf db'
== , pv]+ 5' wfn tfo]db' .
xF j x] vF lh df+ gfk ofMjMu' h'ofRjg sf lhld ef} g+ .
afplrof cfO{ 6\jG] 6L jn nf < sf t;s+ t;s+ x]
lh df+ g+ Dxf wfo] d;MDx gfgLofs] 5sM ;NnfX ofgfM
:jo]sf wfn y],F cy] hs wfo]j+ j+nf joft 5fo\ wofRjg] afFnft sf . ;u+ 5sM aLdfnL sf vnf drfoft . uano\
dfMu' wfn xF sf u'ln hs Uo+Dx wfo] cfM lhld dfd+nf Hjgfjo] no\ lh+ <
5' < l5ld efMtofs] Woaf dufM x+ < l5ld dfh'+
lhtM t'?Gt kmf]g ofgfM ;x] ;tn lg
s'08nL df/] ofgfRj+u' plndl5 ;DklQ 5' ofo]u' x+ no\ <
u'ln dfMu' h'of Rjgno\ <
GXofsf] x] dfMu' h'Odf no\, Old d:to\t dfMu' Woaf
Old;+ x] Aoa:yf ofo]dfn lg df+ofu' ;DklQ tfs] ofgf+
bOnf < jof efMtoft Aa+st] dfSjnf dfd+ ofo] x] w's
+ n lg,
cfM jof sfo\oft g+ dfd+ x] w]af to] kmOnf < sf l5+ x]
wof lb;F ;f kmOnf < lh+nf tKo+s x] yDx+ km';f Aa+su] ,'
dkm';f yg x] g+ af+nfu' sn]h db'u' dv' wof laof . lhld
lshf lkg] RjgfM Go]gfRj+u' nf d:o', lh+ y'ln wfo]j+ yM
snfoft lkg]+ ;Mtf xn . cn] lhld ef} g+ n'?n'? lkxfFF
jg, kfgatLof Vjfno\ lahoL efj lkHjn, cn] d';S' s

uy] wfo] km"u' l5ld eft+ jof dfFoft wfo] d5fM wsfM <
dfFofs] sfo]ano\ bfh' lshf+ ldvf tUjM ofO{ wof+ hLnf <
Oldt dflnano\ g+ sfM;f lh x] lhn lg . k'vf{of ;DklQ
wOu' d:to\t Aan+st] x] nf vMlg . l5ld dfh'oft ;Dem]
ofo] dfn sf Gxfkf Ao";f+ lnkf Ao";f+ d:to\t x] laofys]u'
vM, cfM laoflbn wfM;f Aa+st] Hof jO{ wfo] dfn sf .
sf lhs] ug bO{ wsfM < b'u' bSj+ nf l5ldt x] vr{
ofo] w'g lg . cfM xfsg+ yg afplrof g+ cfM jOnf, cn]
jOnf y]+ Rj+ . jOt g+ kmSjnf tof aL x] dfn .

11
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
sf ;f sf, dfd+ yy] wfn wfo]dt] lg Yjnf l5ld
dfh'+ x] ofo]dfMu' vF vM . j+ Tjx tof+ kf/ kfj] h'Ou' vF
dv' . erf an ofo]dfn sf, dfM;f erf erf hfqf Gofo]st]
g+ lnkmM :jo]dHo" . yf}s
F Gxo\ klt+ tKo+sf tof+ oM lnsfo]
kmOdv', d}of+ ;o]sL xfg+ dfh'+ dAo" wsf 5+u' gfdo\
tof laofu' d'2lt :o+sf Rjlg j uNtL ofo]dt] Gx} l5ld
dfh'ofu' lDxrfof k't' x] km\o+ . co\ yo\ oft wfM;f j+ dkm\
olg dv' .

h'O{ , ;'dg+ kl;{of RjM klt+rfo\ lx+s' lx+s' wfo] nf dwfo] nf

ofof+ wfn .
5' vF < kfgatL erf ;ts{ h'n .
km:6 OG:6nd]06 5\jo]t Woaf erf ufO VjfM djM . l5u'
j glano\ Rj+u' EjF 5s" lnsfo] dfnL y]+ Rj+, 5' ofo]u' <
lh x] Ho" lg l5ldu' x] nf vMlg yf}F 5\oM;f+ l5ld;+
x] 5\ol] nu' vM, sGxo\ 5\oM;f+ l5ld;+ x] 5\ol] nu' vM .

cF cF, HjfO+oft erf Ujfs]dfn sf sf ;f sf

dfh'of Dx't+' Yj vF s'xf+jMln;] ;'dgof Vjfno\ n;tf
tofaL Gx} <
eo\laofjn . y'ln cMk's dfh' dfg] h'O y]+ j+ dtfMu' .
u'0fdfof ttfh' alR5 y", alR5 dy' efj+ kfgatLof
kfgatL+ yMu' vFoft :jfgf o+sn, t/ yhfMu' Ono\
Vjfno\ :jofRjg . jof VjfM :jofM kfgjtL 5sM d';S' s erf larfM ofo]dfM eDrf yhfMu' Ono\ y'v+] pv]+ ofgfM rn]
lGxn .
ofo] kmt wfM;f d'gf Rj+u' nf yMofu' x] nf vMlg, dv'nf <
s';d' nf <, ofo] x] DjfMu' GXo;M u'0fdfof+ oft .
;'dgof yxf+ j+u' g'uM ef/fSs s'xf+ jg . VjfM erf
F f j+ wfn, kmSj ofgfM g+ dufOy]+ RjgfM nf dfFoft
kfgatL+ 5\o+ Nx'sN' x's' ;+sn, cn] wfn, lhu' d'2ltof Vo"s
EjF 5s" dfn xF jof sfo\oft lkg] Aj+s] 5\jo]t . uy] hs wofu' lg
wfo] km'u' h'O yf}s
F Gxo\of HjfOlk+ g+ yMlk+ ckfo\Rj+ tMld
5+ yM5]oF \ 5sM wof :jo] w'gnf <
h'Os h'Os g+ snfMoft yM5]F uy] ofgfM Woaf km\js
+ ] k'mu'
yM5]oF \ < yhfMu' vF g+ yM5]oF \ uy] wfo]u' < 5' wfO{ <
h'O < j g+ lhkfv]F Woaf km'Ts] ofo]t :jMu' sf Olk+ ;]/
;f lh g+ ;jf ;]/
sf, wfo]u' x] yhfMano\ nf vMlg, yMlylt dflnu'
kfgatLof Vjfno\ d]u' ljhoL efj n]xn
F] x] F] k'of jn . yhfMano\ nf vMlg ps];+ l5ld dfF yhfMu' Ono\ erf
erf :jo] dkm'Dx g+ dv' . 5+ Gxfkf lnkf wfMu' g+ db' .
u'0fdfof ttfh' efUofo] , kfgatLof ef} ;'dg+ Rof l5ld bfh' lshflklg u'ln clwsf/, 5+ g+ pln x] clwsf/
Hjgf jn .
nf vMlg . 5sM wof :jn] l5ld df+oft .
efUodfgL gfgL dfMu' Rof xof Rj+u' nf < jg] x]
OOO{, dfF g+ 5' wofbL, 5' wofbL jo\sn+ x] wfo]sf
To]gfu' sf, rfs'd/L g+ 5fo\ < 5'lsofu' n;tfo\ < bL dv' . lhtMnf :of x] :ofOlg
dlxdfof sGkmd{z
] g jn, gsltlg x] . pls+ alkm{ erf
lhyfo\ 5\jolx+ n], lh+ ;Dem] ofgf aLsf lh+ g+ nf
sfo]s] 5\jofu' sf .
l5ld ttfetoft Aa+s] 5\jofano\ lhld dfFof a'F 5s" ldof
sf t;s+ afFnft sf lhu' le+tg' f wofAo' lGx drfoft, 5\jofu' nf vMlg .
u'0fdfof+ alkm{of af kfv] NxfM GXofs' GXofs'+ wfn .
ef}Dx]l;g+ 5'+ wfo] dk'mt, vfnL h"u' lrof lunf; HjgfM
cf]xf], uha h'n lg pv] ;'/z
] of sfo\of, cn] s';d' of lkxfFF jg .
sfo\of g+ cfO{ 6\jG] 6L jn xF bSjl;of+ gfk gfk+ x] jn
u'0fdfof ttfh'+ Dx'tO' tMu' alkm{ GXoo] Njd+sf Rjg,
sf, afF x] nft sf emL d:tnf wfTy]F x] efUo aNnfMlk+ x] kfgatLof :j+u" k cgof cg+t+' vg j+ . ef} lkxf+ j+u'
vMsf, xnf < kfgatL+ g+ n;tf Kj+sn .
:jofRj+Dx kfgjtLof Vjfno\ s"6gLlt wfMDx sL lt+ lt+
dfFoft 5tf vF wfo]nf wsfM . wfnf sfo\g+ g+ wofbL Gx'of Rj+u' vg j+ .

efh' k'is/ dfy]df g]kfn efiffof Rjld, snfsf/ j kqsf/ vM .

yf} sGxo\ jo\sM uf]/vfkq /fli6o lGxkf}of k|wfg ;Dkfbs h'of bL .
12
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

g]jfM emL ug Yo]g <

emL yy] x] Rjgf Rjg]u' vM;f lnkf emL ug Yo]gL wsfM 5sM
larfM ofo] dfMnfls DjfM < emL g]jfMt ;'gf+ 5'ofM;f uy] ofM;f
emLu' efiff ;+:s[ltoft ;+/If0f j ;Daw{g ofgf o+s] kmO wsfM
;sn] 5Kk+ 5wL h'ofM vFNxfaNxf Gofs]u' s'tM h'Odf y]+ Rj+ .

k|f= 8f= s[i0f dfgGw/

g]kfM

o]F b] -g]kf ufno\_ g]jfM kl/jf/o\ hGd h'ofM hLjgof

sl/j GXou" b;s xg] w'+sfM hLjgoft 5sM lnkmM
:jofano\ lh t;s+ ctMdtM So]g . drfano\of lhu'
cg'ej lhtM n'd+, o]F b] Go+s x] g]jfMefo\ pano\of
vFNxfaNxfof dfWod h'ofRj+u' vM . lhu' 5]F hMvM oSj x]
vFo\ hftLof kl/jf/t b' . pld yj+yjo\ vFo efo\ NxfOu'
h";f+ g]jfMto\gfk laz]if ofgfM afHoM jg] w'+s"lk+ g]jfMto\
gfk afFnfSs g]jfM efif+ vFNxfOu' GXofan]+ vgf Rjgf .
j+uno\ sfkM GofMjg]ano\ sfkM ldOlk+ df/jf8L ;d'bfoof
k;n]to\;+ g+ lhld dfF af}gfk :jfefljs kxn+ g]jfM efif+
vFNxfOu' j jF6'of /flvahf/o\ r'/f kf]Tof k;Mof d';dfF
hfltof Aofkf/Lto\;+ g+ g]jfMto\gfk g]jfMto\;+ y]F x] g]jfM
efo\ yM u|fxsto\ gfk vFNxfOu' lh+ GXofan]+ vgfRjgf .
pano\ d? j c;+ ahf/of oSj k;Mt wfM;f g]jfMto\u'
x] h"ul' n+ g]jfM efo\ x] vFNxfaNxf h'Ou' :jefljs x] h'n .
lh a"u' yfo\ dxf/fhu+h+ sflndf6L kfh'lkGyfo a/fa/
jo] jg] ofo]u' em\jno drfano\ ofgfu' Yj cg'ej, yf}F
lhu' kl/jf/o\ x] g]]jfM efif+ vFNxfaNxf ofOlkF lh j lhDx
snfM b'g] hs so]s'+sf jgfRj+u' :jof RjgfDx lhtM j
k'nf+u' vFt n'd+;] jofM s'Q's'nf Rj+u' b' .
k|hftGq jo] GXof] /f0ffsfnLg zf;g Aoj:yf b'u'
Ono /fhg}lts hfu/0foft lgoGq0f ofo]u' em\jno g]jfM
efo\oft g+ Ajn+s] dlao]u' nflu pano\ h'of jofRj+u'
bdg, k|hftGq jo] w'+sf of ;Qf g+ g]jfMefo\ k|lt dfSj
pbf/ dh"u', g]jfM efo\oft g]jf/L efiff dwf;] g]kfnefiff
wsfM ;/sf/+ cf}krfl/s ;Daf]wg ofo]t g]jfMto\;+ af/+af/

cg'/f]w ofM;f ;/sf/L lgsfog+ t]/] dofMu', :s'n j

sn]ho\ P]lR5s laifo sy+ g]kfnefiff b'Yofsf Ao";f+
dfMsy+ lzIfsto\u' Aoj:yf dof;] lg?T;flxt ofgfjMu',
/]l8of] g]kfn+ g]jfM ef;+ ;dfrf/ laOs]t j hLjgba"
sfo{qmd rno\ ofs]t ts g+ pln cMk' dh"u,' lnkf jgfM
hLjg ba" sfo{qmdof O{ Sjkfn]u', cg+ lnkf plsoft
aGb x] ofgfAo"u' y]+hfu' ;stf+ sf/0f+ ofgfM g]jfMto\
by'O Pstfof 5u" lwl;nfMu' jftfj/0f Ajngf jMu' lh+
rfo]sf jofRjgf . lh :s'no\ AjgfRjgfu' pano\of x]
Ono\ lzIffof dfWod efiff g]kfnL h"u'ln 5]Fo\ g]jfM efo\
hs NxfsftMlk+ d:to\;+ g]kfnL ef;+ Aj+s"u' y'Os]t j
d:to\;+ yM wfo]dfMu' vF g]kfnL ef;+ AoQm ofo]t ;d:of
h"u'nL+ lzIffof v]no\ g]jfM d:t lnpg] nfMu' cg"e'tL
g]jfM ;dfho\ h'ofjMu' x'lg+ 5]F 5]F d:to\t vFo\ efo\ hs
vFNxfo]u' rng ofgfxn . y'ls+ ofgfM g]jfMto\u' efiff
;+:s[lt a'n'x'F Gxgf jlgu' vF jfM rfo]sfM efiff v]no\
;dlk{t GXon'jfMto\;+ ;r]tgf cleofg ofMu' bofM g+ Yj
k|a[ltoft lbs] dkmofjg . pu' Ono\ g]jfMto\ by'O efiff
;+:s[ltoft ;+/If0f j ;Daw{g ofo]dfMu' b'Uo+u' r]tgf
Ajn+u'ln+ ofgfM g]jfM ;flxTo j ;+:s[ltoft ;+/If0f j
;Daw{g ofo]u' laleGg lqmofsnfk h'Ou' j pls g]jfMto\u'
t;s+ afFnfu' ;xeflutf b}u'ln+ ofgfM g]jfM dv' lklgu'
ts g+ ;xeflutf h'Ou' cg'ej ofo]nf . g]jfMto\ by'O
Ajn+u' ;r]tgf k|lt ;/sf/L kIf wfM;f ;bf+ w}y] t;s+
pbfl;gtf hs dv' gsf/fTds Aojxf/ So]gf laOu' .
co\g+ zf;sto\;+ g]kfMufof g]jfMto\u' dxTj j e'ldsfoft
gsf/o\ ofo]u' cfFt dofM . r'gfjo\ g]jfM x] pDd]bjf/ yg]u,'
Soflag]6 j d]d]u' yL yL lgsfono\ g]jfMof k|ltlglwTj

13
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
oflsu' ofgf j}Rjg . Yj em\jno kB/Tg t'nfw/h'of gfk+ d]d]lk+ oSj efiffhjf t g+ laleGg /fhg}lts v]dfo\
g]tT[ jo\ u7g h"u' d+sfM vnMof e'ldsf emL;+ n'ds
+ ] axMh' . Ajbnf j+ln;] efiff Vono\ ;lqmotf vg] bo]s x] Dxf] h'of
tTsflng /fhg}lts Aoj:yfo\ kl/jt{g jo]dfMu' jg . y'ls+ ofgf g]jfMto\ by'O b'Uo+u' Pstfoft sdhf]/
hgtfof rfxgf+ ofgfM hgtfof Wofg /fhlgltkfv] s]Gb|Lt ofgf o+sn . vl08t?ko\ h";f+ laleGg g]jfM k'rMto\;+
h"jg, u'u' :jfefljs g+ v . Gxfkf+u' hg cfGbf]ng ;kmn yMyu' x] kxn+ g]jfMto\u' ;/f]sf/of HofMjt GXofs]u'
h'o]j+ k~rfot Aoj:yfof cGt h'ofM ax'blno Aoj:yf dh"u'nf dv' co\g+ Gxfkf h'of j}Rj+u' eAo j ;fd'lxs
k'g:yflkt h'n . hgrfxgf cg';f/of /fhg}lts Aoj:yf Hof vF :jof jof Rj+lkGt wfM;f n'dw+ .
jMu' ;sl;of+ nflu no\tfo] dfMu' vF h'n, y'sL ;'gfg+
lajfb ofOu' vF x] db' . co\g+ lhu' cg'ej+ lh+ 5' tfo]sf
wfM;f cfGbf]ngof ;kmntf lnkf blno /fhlgltof e'ldsf
cKjof jg]j+ g]jfM Pstfof nflu ;dlk{t GXon'jft a'n'x'F
yMyMu' kfl6{of em08f Sjo\ Rj+ jg]j+ gfKk+ RjgfM 5wL
h'ofM Rj+lk+ g]jfMt ;Lbo]s x] laeflht h'n . vo\tnf
y'hf]u' laefhg 5'F xb tSs Gxfkf g+ vg] db'u' dv'
t/ v'Nnf /fhlgltof jftfj/0f lasfz h'o]j+ /fhlgltof
e'ldsf+ pKj dxTj sfMu'ln+ g]jfM GXon'jfMto\;+ Pstfo\
lDxt]dfMu' e'ldsf lnpg] nfjg, cn] laefhgof WjM pKj
:ki6 h'ofjg . kB/Tg t'nfw/h+' g]jfM cfGbf]ngo\ hs
yMu' e'ldsf lDxtf B"u' dv;] /fhg}lts Aoj:yfo\ kl/jt{g
ofo]u' Hofo\ g+ dxTjk'0f{ of]ubfg ofgflbn . jo\sMof
/fhg}lts efif0f dfnfM dfnfM lys]s Sof;]t GofgfM
Go]lgu' ts g+ cj:yf Ajng . 5Dx g]jfM GXon'jfof
nf]slk|otf yy] yxf+ j+uo' ft g]jfMto\;+ uf}/j x] tfo]sn .
r'gfj GXof] u'u'+ g+ kfl6{of ;b:o dvof g+ jo\sn+ yMt
g]skf Pdfn]of ;dy{sof ?ko\ GXoAjof lbn . g]jfM
Pstfof k|lts y]+ h'oflbODx jo\sMof /fhg}lts ;+nUgtf
ofgfM jo\sM ;sn g]jfMto\u' d+sfM GXon'jf wfM;f h'O
dk'mt . o]Fo\ h"u' GxfkfFu' k|ltlglw ;efof lgjf{rgo\
hfltt :jofg+ pKj /fhlglt+ yfo\ sfn . o]Fo lgjf{rgo\
g]jfM pDd]bjf/+ laOdfMu' efjgf erf lnpg] nfgfjg .
pls;+ pano\ tSsof b'g] b]of laleGg If]q+ yfo\afo\
lxnfM o]Fo RjF jo] w'+s'lklgu' NofM drfo\s x] yxfF jg]
w'+sn . o]+of km's+ lgjf{rg If]qo\ g]skf Pdfn]+ Tofsn .
Yj lgjf{rgo\ g]skf Pdfn] Tofs"u'ln kB/Tg t'nfw/h'of
g]jfM GXon'jfof 5laof tw+u' e'ldsf db' wfo] kmO y]+
dRj+, pls+ x] h'Okm' jo\sM :jf:y dGqL ts g+ h'of
lbn . jo\sMof /fhg}lts Vono\of ;ls|otf pKjofj+uo' f

lkg]+ jofM yg Rj+jMlklgu' NofM emgemg x] pKjof

jgfj+Rjg cn] :j:j+ x] o]+ b]zo\ x] g]jfMt cNk;+Vofof
hftL h'ofjg . a]kf/ Aoj;fo\no\ g+ g]jfMto\t d]du] ' hflt+
la:yflkt ofgf o+sn g]jfMt afM sofM hLlasf ofOlk+ y]+
hs h'of jn . u'ln+ g]jfMt 5]+ a'F ldofM, u'ln+ 5]+ afn+
laofM tfkfSs Rj+jg]u' ofgf xn . o]+of axfM, r's, glg
b'g] ts g+ g]jfM vg] dbofjg . y'ls+ g]jfM ;+:s[lt j
k/Dk/foft g+ af+dnfu' lnRjM nfgf jgfRjg . lkg]+ jofM
Rj+jMlk;+ :yflgo h"u' x'lg+ g]jfMto\t laof jofRj+u' dxTj
g+ a'n'x+ kfMh'h'+ jg j pldu' ar{Zj pKjM h'h'+ jg . y'u'
x] Ono\ vFo\tnf 5'+ dh"u' wfo] dHo", g]kfn ;+atoft
/fi6+ dfGotf lao]dfMu' g]jfMto\u' tMw+u' dfu k"jg, g]kfn
;+atof k|aw{s z+vw/ ;fVjfMoft /fli6o lae'lt 3f]lift
ofgf lan, emLu' efo\oft cf}krfl/s ?k+ g]kfn efiff
wfo]u' SjMlht, g]jfMto\u' sfo{qmdo\ ;Ttf j /fhg}lts
kfl6{to\u' cMk'Ss ;xeflutf hs dv' g]jfM ;+:s[lt j
k/Dk/foft RjGXofs]t k"mu'rfu' Hof ofo]u' ar+ lao]u'
ofgf xn co\g+ af:tljstf wfM;f ;Ldbo]s g]jfM d}qL
h'O dkmof jgfRj+u' cfefif oSj:of+ ofgf jg .
lgSjMu' hgcfGbf]ng Sjrfo]j+ g]jfMto\s] hs dv'
d]d]u' hghftL to\s] g+ hfltotf efjgf b'Uo+s AjngfM
yMlk+t /fHo+ ;n+; b+ lg;]+ lnpg] nfsf tMu' h'ofM cfM
/fHokfv]+ ;dfgtfof Aojxf/ h'od] fn w}u' ;M Yjo]sf xn .
pano\of g]skf dfcf]afbL+ y'lsoft lgltut ;dy{g ofMu'
j g]skf Pdfn] g+ y'lsoft k|f]T;flxt ofu'ln+ Yj laifo g+
dxTjk'0f{ /fhg}lts laifoof sy+ yfo\ sfn . d]v] laleGg
/fhg}lts kfl6{O b'Yofgf Rj+lk+ dw]zof g]tf sfo{stf{to\;+
yMyMu' kfl6{ TjMtf dw]zoft g+ /fHo+ ;bf+ jf:tf dofMu'
wsfM dw]zafbL kf6L{t lg:jg . dw]z cfGbf]ng h'n .
g]kfM ;+l3o u0ftGq /fHo 3f]lift h'n . cfTdlg0f{o

14
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
;lxtof hflto ;+l3o :jfoQ /fHoof vF jn . g]skf
dfcf]aflb+ o]F ufMoft g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo 3f]if0ff ofo]u'of
gfk gfk+ yfo\ yf;o\ laleGg :jfoQ /fHoto\u' 3f]if0ff
ofgflan . g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo 3f]if0ff ofMu' ;df/f]x;
g]jfMto\;+ notftf+ a[xt ;xeflutf So]g . cg+ lnkf
g]skf Pdfn] g+ cy] x] oft . pano\ x] ch'rfOk'Ss Yjx]
lgu" kf6L{t b'YofMu' ;/sf/+ o]+ofM ano\ s'df/L hfqfoft
;/sf/+ laof jofRj+u' cg'bfg Sjkfnf Ao"ano\ g]jfMt
em:s] h'n, cfGbf]lnt h'n . ck's ;/sf/+ g]jfMto\u' vF
dGoM . s'df/L hfqfoft k'j+s] dk'mt . ;/sf/ Sj5'o]t
afWo h'n . cg+ lnkf y'lnUou' w[ittf xfsg+ ofo]u' s'tM
ofMu' vg] db' . ;+l3otfoft cf}krfl/s sy+ 3f]if0ff dofMgL
ano\ x] rrf{o xMu' ;+l3o :j?kt tRjs+ laaflbt h'n .
y'ls+ laleGg hft hfltof by'O Njfk' xof lan . hflto
/fHo+ b] lav0bg h'Okm}u' j hflto lab\j]; Ajnlgu'
wf/0ff g+ tRjof jn . g]jfMt Yj laifono\ kf6L{ut hs
dv' larf/wf/fo\ g+ leGgtf+ ofgfM laeflht vg] bt .
/fhg}lts bnt yf/f Dx'n . kfl6{to\;+ hfltof /fHoof

vFoft a'nx+' lr;M ofgf xn ;f hfltof /fHoof cfzf

sfo] w'+s"lk+ hghfltto\u' cfsf+Iff wfM;f Dxf] h'of dj+ .
pls;+ dw]; cfGbf]ng+ wfM;f sM3fgf+ sM3fo\ dkm'u' :j?k
sof o+sn . g]jfMto\;+ g+ g]kfM kfl6{ gfd+ 5u" kfl6{
gL:jg . Yj kfl6{ yMt km'Ss+ g]jfMto\u' k|ltlglwTj ofOu'
kfl6{ sy+ wfM;f GXofsf o+s] dk'mt . g]jfMto\u' xslxt
;+/If0fof nfuL wsfM oSj x] ;+3 ;+:yft g+ gL:jgf
tMu' db'u' dv' co\g+ yj+yjo\ x] 5Kk+ 5wL h'O dkm'u'
y'lk+ ;+3 ;+:yfto\;+ g]jfMto\t 5Kk+ 5wL ofo]u'nf ug
vM ug cvat+ pldt yMyu' leGg leGg k'rno\ laeQm
ofgfRjg . yf}+ ;+l3otfof laafb+ ofgfM b] cl:y/tfof
e'd/L rflxnf Rjg x] ltlg .
o]+ b] b'g,] lkg]+ jofM a;f]af; ofMjlklgu' NofM tRjs+
pKjof j+ln;] b|'tult+ al:t la:tf/ h'of jg . Gx" Gx"u'
nFk' bo]s]u' j k/+k/f+ lg;]+ bOjofRj+u' nFto\t g+ tafnf
ofo]u' Hofemf] GXofsf xn . y'u' Hof+ ofgfM g]kfM b'g]of
cflbaf;Lto\ g'uno\ laleGg GXo;Mt b+jn o]F b] b'g] lkg]+
yfoafo\ lxnfM Rj+ jOlk+ GXofSj x] j;f+ jo]sf to]un
' f<

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Prawan, Subarna,
Palisha and Palash Ranjit
Morton Grove, Illinois

15
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
GXofSj x] ;jf/L ;fwgt yg b't xof Rj+;f+ Ho"nf <
g]kfMof ;dfg'kflts lasfz w}u' Yj x] vMnf < b]of
;n+; yf;o\ yMu' Hofg x] hf]lvdo\ tofM t'Og uofM
lGx+lGx+ v'l; l5gfM lhljsf ofo]t afWolkGt tf+ 5'gf lao]u'
k|fyldstfo\ nfo]dfMls bofRj+u' n+oft eltrf tafnf ofo]
t k/+k/f+ lg;]+ hLjge/of sdfO ofgfM hLljsf ofgfRj+lk+
hgtfto\u' c/af+}of ;Dklt gf; ofgfM pldt yfMufM
dbo]sf lao]u' k|fyldstfo\ nfo]dfM < cgflbsflng g]jfM
al:tof b'g] b'u' emLu' klxrfg j k/Dk/fut :j?koft
;+/If0f ofo]u' kn];f lasfzof gfdo\ lasNkof ;+efjgf
dfn]u' s'tM dof;] Gx+sf o+s] Ho"nf <

b]zt;+] yMu' b] clt laslzt h'ofM g+ pldu' uf}/jzfnL

P]ltxfl;s ;+/rgft, k/+k/f j ;+:s[ltoft ;+/If0f j
;Daw{g ofgftMu' pbfx/0ft lem;+ oSj :jof jofRjgf .
emLyfo\ wfM;f lasfzof gfdo\ u'lnv] P]ltxfl;s yfo\
afo\to\t Gx+s]u' jf dxTjlxg cj:yfo\ nfsf o+sfRj+u'
pbfx/0f bFob;+ pKjofj+ jgfRj+u' b' .

emLu' efiff, k/Dk/f j ;+:s[lt lhu' hLjgsfno\ x]

ug+ ug Yo]g wsfM b'jfnf :jofM lhtM cg'e"t h"u' vF
GXoygfM lem;F y'lsof k|lt dfMsy+ lhDd]jf/L axg ofgf
Rjgfu' b'nf db' w}u' vFo\ Wofg ;fn]u' s'tM ofgf . emL
yy] x] Rjgf Rjg]u' vM;f lnkf emL ug Yo]gL wsfM
Yj GXo;M tOlk+ cn] Yj Hof ofgfM yu' 5]+ a'+ dbo]sfM 5sM larfM ofo] dfMnfls DjfM < emL g]jfMt ;'gf+ 5'
yfMufM dbOu' cj:yfo\ nfOlklgu' GXofUu' GXofy] hfMu' ofM;f uy] ofM;f emLu' efiff ;+:s[ltoft ;+/If0f j
;'emfj, afwfla/f]w jM;f+ jf:tf x] dof;] ttMw+u' kfl6{to\ ;Daw{g ofgf o+s] kmO wsfM ;sn]F 5KkF 5wL h'ofM
by'of ;xdlt h'o] w's
+ " sy+of lasfzof Hof wfwf+ GXofsf vFNxfaNxf GXofs]u' s'tM h'OdfMy]+ Rj+ . lh yM x] emLu'
o+sfRj+u' b' . :jo]ano\ nf Yj afFnfu' Hof y]+ g+ vg]b' . efiff ;+:s[lt VoMof GXon'jfM dv' pls+ lhu' Yj vFt
tafnfu' nFo\ h'O vgfM dg"t no\ g+ tfM . t/ y'sLoft kfo\l5 vM dv' lh+ d:o' . nfanf GXof] lh+ efiff ;+:s[ltof
erf pKjM b'jfnf :jo]ano\ emL;+ ulDe/ h'ofM larfM ;+/If0f j ;Daw{gof af/] Nxfgf Rjgfu' vF Go]gfM lh ln;]
ofo] dfMu' tRjs+ DxfOk' tfof jOu' lgtf vF emLu' GXof]g] g]jfM efif+ vF Nxf x] dNxfODx lembF b'Dx lhld 5o\ g+
j}Rjg . Gxfkfnf, Gx" Gx"u' nFk' bo]s]u' j k/Dk/f+ lg;]+ sGxo\ v'Gx' lg;]+ lhgfk hs dv' 5]FhM ;sl;of+ ln;]
bofjofRj+u' nFto\t tafnf ofo]u' Hofjn+ ofgfM ygof g]jfM efif+ hs vFNxfo]u' ofMu' vgfM lh em:so\ h'n .
;+:s[lt j ;f+:s[lts w/f]x/to\t afFdnfu' lnRjM nfgfM lh+ rfo]sf joft efiff ;+:s[ltoft ;+/If0f j ;Daw{g
emLu' k/Dk/f j ;+:s[lt a'n'xF' Gxgf jgfRj+u' b' wfM;f ofo] dfMu'of dxTj af/] Ono\ x] y'Os]u' s'tM dofgfu''ln+
d]v] ygoflk+ cflbjf;Lto\t rfo]s+ jf drfo]s la:yflkt x] j+ y dfFefo\ dNxfMu' vM . y'hf]u' x] vFt emL ;s:of+
ofgfM pv]nfM y'v]nfM dbo]sf Ao"ano\ k/Dk/f+ lg;]+ yMyu' kl/jf/o\ ;dfho\ a'n'x'F GXofsf o+s] kmt wfM;f
5yfo\ x] d'gfM xgf jofRj+u' gvMrvM, hfqf, u'ly cflb efiff ;+:s[ltof ;+/If0f j ;Daw{gof 5'+ erf;f+ ltaM bO
xg]t Aojxfl/s ;d:of jo]sfM larlNnO nfsf laofRj+u' y]+ lh+ tfo]sf . cy] x] emLu' efiff ;+:s[ltoft ;+/If0f
b' . o]F b]zo\ yf}+ sGxo\ t/fO{ kxf8of ;+:s[ltgfk :jfk" j ;Daw{g ofo]u' vFoft d+sfM cfh' tfo]sfM gL:jgftMu'
b'u' HofjMt wfM;f lGxof lGxy+ Ajngf jgfRj+u' vg] ;+3 ;+:yfo\ lqmoflzn GXon'jfMto\;+ yj+yjo\ b'u' dt
bofRj+u' b' cn] ygof df}lns k/Dk/ft a'nx' F' tgfjgfRj+u' leGgtf Dxf] ofgfM emLu' Pstf aNnfsfM ;sl;s]+ ;r]ttf
b' . Yj ygof cflbaf;Lto\u' nfuL z'e ;+s]t vM y]+ j ;hutf Ajn+s]u' Hofo\ ;lqmo h'ofM GXoHofu' :jo]
lhtM dtfM cn] Yj vF k|lt ygoflk+ dfMsy+ ;+j]bglzn bM;f u'ln GXo}k'Ou' h'O wOu' dg+t'gf plsof nflu jo\
h"u' g+ vg]db' . xlndo\of cgflbsflng Oltxf; b'u' sMlkGt b'g'un+ lg;]+of Ogfk ofgf .
k|f= 8f= s[i0f dfgGw/ g]kfn efiffof t;s+ Ro"tfM sof Rjgf bLDx /;fog zf:qL vM . ;g\ !(**
lg;]+ @))! ts lqe'jg laZjlaBfno la1fg ;+sfoof 8Lg h'of lbn . cg+ln ;g\ @))( lg;]+ @)!!
ts g]kfn Ps]8l] d ckm ;fOG; P08 6]Sgf]nlhof ;lrj h'ofM g+ ;]jf ofgf B'u' b' .
16
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

;'s'Gbf
Dxl;sfof 5u" ;Gbe{
xl/z/0f /fhf]kfWofo
g]kfM

;'s'Gbf Gx\ofan]+ gfu+ s'OsfM u+ufdo\h' z+v

HjgfRj+u' g+ vg]bO{ . gfunf nM cyf{t j?0fof
k|ltlglwTj ofgfRj+Dx hnhGt' g+ vM . j gfk+
u+ufof g+ pkl:ylt vg]b' . j g+ nM k|ltof Sjft'u'
lgi7foft Djfs]u' 5'+ laDafTds k|:t'lt g+ vM
wfo]l5+ . nM dg"of lglt+ ckl/xfo{ lgljsNk tTj
g+ vM . nM a?0f ;[li6of k|f/De laGb' g+ v .

;Eotfof ue+{ lkHju' ;+:s[lt so]Rofu' cn] Dxl;sf

sy+ ;Dk|bfout a:t'of lgdf{0f jf pkof]u, pkfb]otf gfk+
;dfhzf:q, g[tTjzf:q ln;] Sjft'Ss :jfk" b'u' Oltxf; j
;+:s[ltof ;dfof]hg kl/eflift h'ofRj+u' vg] b'u' ;'sG' bfof
cl:tTj . Oltxf; j ;+:s[lt ln;] b'UoSs :jfk" b'u' g]jfM
;Dk|bfoof w/f]x/ ;Dkbf cn] Dxl;sf sy+of a:t' g+ vM
;'sG' bf .
;'sG' bf 5u" lgi7f j cf:yfof s]Gb|of ?k+ 5\onf jof
Rj+u' vg]b' wfM;f ;fdflhs If]qo\ ;Eotfof lasf;of lr+
sy+ ;uj{ ;fy k|:t't h'of jofRj+u' b' wfo]l5 . cs] g]jfM
;+:s[ltO ;'sG' bf wfld{s Hjn+ wfM;f g+ ;fdflhs u[xl:y
hLjgof pTs[i6 Hjn+ dWoo\ 5tf vM wsfM dwf;]+ dufM .
;'sG' bfof lgdf{0f sfnv08 :jo]an] dNnsfn :jofg+ oSj
GXoj x] h'O{ w's
+ u" ' vg] b' .
lDxuMof cfjZostf lgdf{0f h"u' ;'sG' bf yf} g pln
x] ;fk]lIft j ;fGble{s vg]b' . cs] 5' g+ a:t'of lgdf{0f
tTsflng o'uof k|ltlglwTj ofgfRj+u' bO{ . cHofu' lgld{t
a:t'oft :jLsf/ ofo]u,' cfTd;ft ofo]uo' f l;nl;nf 5u"
cfwf/ljGb', ;';+:s[tof hGd h'O,{ hGd ofO{ .
yf}+ sGx] y'Os+ vM jf dy's+ vM ;'sG' bf RofsfM ;ef
uf]i7Lt pn]Hof h'of jO{ Rj+u' vg]b' . kxM k"vf{of lwl;nfu'
knfMof cg'z/0f v, hLjgof x' kxM GXofs]uo' f k|lts sy+
g+ sfo]l5 . 5\on
] f jofRj+u' g+ wfo] l5+ . wfTy] wfo]dfn
wfM;f ldof kl/dflht ;+:s/0f dt ;+:s[ltof hM t'oh
" M
hLjgof ;sf/fTds k|f/De laGb' vM wfo] x] dfM . dthMof

:yfO{Tj laof Rj+Dx ;'sG' bf gf+ x] lvpFu' lrOs]u,' t+su] '

5u" a:t' w}u' ;+st] ofO{ . gfk+ dt Rofs] lglt+ cfjZos
OGwg gfk+ b'u' a:t' wO{u' g+ l;O bO{ . l;O b' . dt
;'sG' bfof phf{ OGwgof e08f/0f dfgj ;r]tgfof Sjft'u'
b;' h'O . 5fo\ wfM;f x/]s ;r]tgfof b;', dfgj ;Eotfof
kflnVjfoF h'Ou' h'of RjgL ;'sG' bf y]+ . lvpFu' lrOs]u'
cflj:sf/ g+ af}l4s tLI0ftfof lnRj x] vM . cs]+ wfo]l5+
lvpFu' lrOs]u' tTj t'ou" ' hM Xjn]u' j jof pkof]u gfk
cfTd;ft ofo]u' hLjgof ;sf/fTds k4lt j k|ultof nFk'
g+ v . chu' j:t'ut g]jfM ;Dk|bfoof ;+:sf/ ;+:s[lt j
wfld{s, ;fdflhs sd{t ofOan] Gxofyfo\ g+ GXofan]+ Gxfkf+
;'sG' bf RofsfM cfu|x sy+ hMof ;[li6 ;"o{ cn] jof c+zof
?ko\ >4f+ gdg ofO, k'HofO .
chMu' ;'sG' bfof dt ;fIfL sy+, z'e sy+ hGdlGx
ano\ k/b]z jgL ano\, Aofxf ofMjlgan] cy] x] le+u' Hofo\
wf} ;u+ sfOano\, v]+ ;u+ sfOano\ ;'sG' bf RofsfM GXof]
AjO{ . Yj ;Dbe{ dtof dxQfa]w ofs]t, u0fgfos, gfoMoft
sb/ j ;Ddfg ofo]u' ;+:+ s[ltoft Djfs]t k|tLs sy+ ;'sG' bf
GXof]Ajof tMu' g+ wfo] l5+ . Yj cg'dfg ;To g+ v .
yf}+ sGxo\ Aofxf Hofo\ ltKjfM j lrnfvof rng b';g' f
jg] w's
+ n . gq Aofxf -Olxkf_ ofOyfo\ ;lDwlklg labfafhL
Kosfno\ jf ug]Bof GXof]g] enfs';n v]NF xfaNxf h'O{ w's
+ f
lt+KjfM lxnfa'nf ofOu' rng b' . cn] u'lnl;of ;'sG' bf
RofsfM dt u0f]BM ;fIfLof ?k k|:t't ofgf jofRj+u' vg] b' .
y'lsof tflTjs cy{ h'O dt lapu' hM ;sf/fTds hLjg

17
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
GXofs]uo' f lglDt tof/ w}u' j u0fgfosof sb/ j ;Ddfg
GXofan]+ h'O j ofgfRjg] w}u' k|ltj4tfof ;+st] g+ v .
;'sG' bf k"hf ;+:s[ltoft wfTy]+ wfo]dfn wfM;f ?9 j
cGwk/Dk/f dv';+] cfjZosLo k|fs[t a:t'oft g ;
+ Ddfg
sy+of cfbz{ ;+:s[ltof l;nl;nf vM . pls+ k'mSs]+
;+:s[ltoft ?9 cGwk/Dk/fof ldvf+ :jo] dHo" . a? chfu'
k|sl[ tof ;+:s[ltO b';n
' f Rj+u' la1fg+ lkAjo]u' yf}o+ f dfu
vM, cfjZostf vM .
;'sG' bf wfld{s cg'i7fgof Hjn+ hs dv';] dfgj
;Eotf j ;dfh lasf;qmdo\ lgdf{0f h"u' 5u" O{of a:t'
j 5u" cleJolQm g+ vM wfo]l5+ . 5fo\wf;f ;'sG' bf dfgj
;Eotfof cl:tTjaf]w h"y+] g]jfM ;Dk|bfoof uf}/a g+ af]w
h'ofRj+u' vg] b' . ;dfGotof ;'sG' bf dt Rofs]u' 5u" Hjn+
hs vM wfo]ano\ j+ SalaofRj+u' d'No j dfGotfof dxQf
a'nO' { k'm . ;'sG' bf+ tMtfdl5+ cl:tTjof ;+of]hg k|ltlglwTj
ofgfRj+u' Hjn+ vM wfo]l5+ . j laDaof dxQf j jln;] :jfk"
b'u' ljifo hgdfg;o\ af]w ofs]t g ;+:sf/ j ;+:s[ltof
jno\ dlbSs 5\onf jofRj+u' Hjn+ vM ;'sG' bf . cs]+
;'sG' bf+ Sjlaof Rj+u' cl:tTj j plsof dd{af]w g+ yg Nofv]F
bFjO{ . ;Eotfof w/f]x/ h'ofM, ;+:s[ltof ;Dkbf h'ofM cn]
g]jfM Dxl;sfof 5u" cd"Nou' a:t' h'ofM Djfgf Rjg, 5u"
o'ufGtsf/L o'uof k|ltlglwTj ofgfRjgf Rj+u' b' ;'sG' bf+ .
dt ;+:s[ltof pb\ejof jno\ u'lnv] Oltxf; hGd
sfn h'O, u'lnv] Oltxf; Gxgf jg h'O, cy] g+ ;'sG' bf
5u" cl:tTj SjlaofM DjfgfRj+u' b' yf} g+ . n bF lnkf
x] h'Ok'm dfgj dl:tso\ dtof 5u" ;+:sf/0fut :j?kof
t/+u lkHjn h'O, cn] j dtoft Djfs]t OGwg -lrs+_ of
cfjZostfof af]w sy+ lrs+ lkHjO{u' cGga:t' dfn]u' Hof
h'n h'O . cn] lrs+ d's
+ f to]u' j dtof lns lrs+ to]u'
ynoft lgdf{0f h"ju' vg] b' . gfkgfk+ dt Rofs]u' j jof
;+/If0f jf ;Da4{g ofo]u' bfloTj GXofan]+ ;dfhof xfdf
h]i7lklgu' h'O, h'ofRj+u' b' . j ;+:s[lt cfM g+ hLjGt x]
ltlg, emLu' ;dfho\ h]i7of g]tT[ j ;fdflhs Aoj:yf GXof]
Ho+lsu' ;+:sf/ut k/Dk/f x] h'ofRj+u' b' . jx] k/Dk/fof
af]w sy+ h]i7, u0fgfos dt >4f sy+ BM eflkO{u' j
BM eflkofM :yflkt ofMu' vg] b' . Yjx] k[i7e'ldof oyfy{
k|:t'lt wOu' x] ;'sG' bfo\ Rj+Dx u0f]BM vM .
;'sG' bfof rrf{of jno\ nM j ldof g+ k|;u+ jO{ .
nM j ld Aofun+ k|sl[ t, Aofun+ k[i7e'ld h'ofM g+ dfgj

sNof0fof lglt wfM;f k|sl[ t j jof cl:tTj GXofSj kfM;f+

g+ jofu' u'0foft u'0fu|fxo sy+ sb/ ofo]u,' cfTd;ft ofo]u'
jno\ nMof k|lts j?0f cyf{t gfu g+ ;'sG' bfo\ k|:t't
h"ju+ ' vg] b' . u'0f u|fXo h'Odfu' cfjZostfof af]w ofs]t
g ljnIf0f snfsfl/tfof pb\af]w sy+ 1fgof k|tLs dt,
nMof k|tLs gfu j u0fof h]i7 u0fkltof k|tLs ;d'Rr
;+of]hg+ ;'sG' bf lgdf{0f h"ju+ ' cg'dfg ofo]km' .
vnf dt ;+:s[ltof cl:tTj Djfs]t k'vf{+ ef]uo\ofMu'
n+ bFof b'Mv si6 j pu' cf/f]xcj/f]xof b'Mv lkHjMu'
;kmntfof lnRjM ;+:s[lt+ cg'kf| l0ft hLjg GXon'jM h'of
RjgL yMu' ;+:s[lt Djfs]t . cy] x] cgluGtL ;+:s[ltof
jno\ laleGg ;Dkbft dWo] g]jfM Dxl;sfof Sjft'u' b;"
dWo] ;'sG' bf g+ 5u" vM .
oBlk kl/jlt{t O{ gfk+ dtoft Djfs]t hf]uo\ ofo]t
Dxfn]t 5'lsof cfjZostf h'O, ;'ofu' en;f sfo]kmO{,
cn] jofu' aGbf]a:t ;'ofu' ;+/If0fo\ cl:tTj Djfo] kmO,
Rofo] kmO, hM laO kmO wOu' Sjft'u' lgi7fof k|ltlaDa
sy+ k|:t'ltt ;'sG' bfo\ GXoAjof tMu' b' . dtu0f]BM;'yn
cn] gfu . gfk z+v Hjgf Rj+Dx u+ufofg+ pkl:ylt vg]b' .
dg 1fgof O{ k|tLs h'O, 1fg GXofan]+ rs+u' ;u{to\
TjO{ . cy] TjO{u' hM ljz]if hM x] h'ofRjgL . cn] 1fg
cg'ejof d" vF 1fga[4, aof]j4
[ , cg'eaLoft ;Ddfg g+
vM . xgfagf g+ vM . h]i7 gfos, u0fgfos, u0fklt
cyf{t u0f]BMof k'hf . ;dl:tno\ gfof] 1fg j cg'ejof
h]i7of k|ltlglwTj sy+ dt h'of cl:tTj af]w h'of RjgL,
ofgf RjgL, ;'sG' bfo\ Rj+Dx u0f]BM . cy] x] ;+/If0f j
;Da4{gof phf{ sy+ lrs+of yn ;'yno\ u0f]Bj+ lnwgf
en;f sofRj+u' cg'dfg h'O . cs] j ;'yn cyf{t lrs+
to]u' yn x] hs h'O . t/ yf}+ sGxo\ a'nx' 'F ;+:s[ltof
cfqmd0f sy+ ;'sG' bfof k|flrg gf+oft lxnfM lbof]snz
wsfM snz ?k laof ;'yno\ nM to]u' ofgfxMu' b' .
df]km;no\ j Ot/g]jfMof k|efj :jlguno\ g+ g]jfMof k/Dk/f
lakl/t sd{t GXof]Hofgf jofRj+u' vg] b' . y'hfu' kxM rxM
g+ g]jfMof la:s x] Dxl;sf b'u' ;+:s[lt tg]km' Gxg]km' .
chu' ultlalwoft b':;fx; dwf;]+ dufM . cs]+ ;+:s[lt
Djfs]u' ;sl;of+ Ro'tfof ljifo h'OdfM .
;'sG' bf GXofan]+ gfu+ s'OsfM u+ufdo\h' z+v HjgfRj+u'
g+ vg] bO{ . gfunf nM cyf{t j?0fof k|ltlglwTj ofgfRjDx
hnhGt' g+ vM . j gfk+ u+ufof g+ pkl:ylt vg] b' . j

18
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
g+ nM k|ltof Sjft'u' lgi7foft Djfs]u' 5'+ laDafTds k|:t'lt
g+ vM wfo]l5+ . nM dg"of lglt+ ckl/xfo{ lgljsNk tTj
g+ vM . nM a?0f ;[li6of k|f/De laGb' g+ v . k|sl[ tof
a/bfg sy nv+ lkAjO{u' ax' pkof]uL ;+:s[lt sy+ g+ nMoft
5\on
] f jofRj+u' vg] b' . t/ u'u' Ono\ nMof axfj dt
l;Ou' qf; j Ro"tf g+ ;ts{tfoft cg's/0f ofgfM lalaw
k|tLst ;'sG' bfo Ajof tMu' vg] b' .
oBlk nM j ldof rrf{of jno\ nM j ld gfk+ Hjg]
dHo"u,' ;+:s[lt emLt nv+ ld l;O{u' h"ul' n+ plsof ;ts{tfof
vMnf wO{y+] Rj+ .
al/i7 ;dfnf]rs s[i0f rGb| k|wfgof knfMlr+ lngf
;k'mtL jo\sMof e"ldsfo\ 5yfo\ woflbu' b' cn] ;f+:s[lts
Hjn+ j hLljt hfltof b;' sy+ Oldu' ;[hgfTds lazli7tfof
Dxl;sf g ;flxTo 5u'ln d]uo' ft ltaM laofM wfO{ wfTy]
Yj wfk'g+ g]jfMof Hjn+ ;'sG' bf g]jfM ;Dk|bfoof ;f+:s[lts
Hjn+ hs dv';+] dfgj ;Eotfof pTs[i6 cn] ;d'Rr

;dfof]hgof laz]if k|:t'lt vM ;'sG' bf . ug g+ wfld{s,

;fdflhs j ;f+:s[lts sd{ If]qo\ ;'sG' bfof k|of]u h'O{ jf
cg ;';+:s[t ;:sfl/t g]jfM ;Dk|bfoof pkl:ylt b' wsf
SjlhSs x] l;O{ bO{ . Yj cleAolQm cxd g+ dv' k"jf{uf| xL
g dv' . Yjhf k"vf{lklgu' lanIf0f ;[hgfTds snfsfl/tfof
k|ltsfTds k|:t'ltof 5u" k|;;
+ gLo pbfx/0f hs vM .
g]jfM ;Dk|bfono\ wfld{s ;fdflhs j ;f+:s[lts If]qo\
;'vof O{no\, le+u' Hofo, dle+u' Hofo\ cflb yf;o\ 5\
ofnf Rj+u' ynanto\u' Aofun+ x] Dxl;sf b' . j Hjn+to\u'
gfdfs/0f ;+:s[lt sy+ k|fs[lts sy+ cn] wfld{s lgi7f sy+
g Aofun+ x] Dxl;sf b' . Yj ;Eo j ;';+:s[t ;dfhof
b;' vM wfo]l5+ . wfo] wfM;f Yj g ;dfhzf:q j g]tT[ j
zf:qof Uo;'nfu' oyfy{ v .
pls+ ;'sG' bf j jy]+ hfMu' g]jfM k/Dk/fof xn+Hjn+ g]jfM
;+:s[ltof lgi7f vM . j lgi7f+ lkHju' ;b'efu, ;bfrf/of
;+:s/0f yf}+ g+ ;'sG' bfo\ vg] b' .

efh' xl/z/0f /fhf]kfWofo Vjkof Rjld vM . jo\sMof g]jfM ;+:s[lt ;DalGw Rj;" yLyL kq klqsfo\
lkbgf Rj+u' b' . g]kfn ;flxTo dlGb/of cflhjg b'hM g+ vM .

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Tax & Bookkeeping Service
Ajai Agnihotri

2723 W. Devon Ave

Chicago, IL 60659
Phone: 773 262 5999/773 677 9944
19
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Madan Rajbhandari & Dr. Dharma Rajbhandari
Hampton Cove, Alabama
20
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

dg"of :jf:yof vF
d:ofOu' sf/0f+ ofgfM dg"to\;+ Gxfkf+of cj:yfo\ SofG;/oft
jf:tf ofO{dv' . ha nf Ujf/f ;fMk tUjM h'ofM hjo\ vjo\ Wjfgf
xO{ cn] :ofgf g+ jO{, pan]of tsof b'g] /f]u g+ oSj k'nf+ h'ofM
y's]+ las/fn ?k sfo] w'+sL . ha :ofgf jO{ cn] hs dg"to\
nf Ujf/f jf 6\o'd/of jf/] rf;f] g+ a9] h'O{ .

s'd'b >]i7
g]kfM

:6f]s j x6{ P6fs km/s nfls j x] <

emL dWo] u'lnl;t :6f]s j x6{ P6fs j x] y]+ Rj+ .
t/ Yj km/s vF vM . :6f]s w}u' 5\of]go\ -GXok'O_ h'Ou'
;d:of vM x6{ P6fs w}u' d'6O' h'Ou{ ' vM . lgtf+of sf/0f
wfM;f j x] vM, xfO{ An8 k]|;/ j emLu' lxO{ bofRj+u'
sf]n]:6]/f]n j 6fO{lUn;]/fO8 vM . y'lk+ lgtf emLu' lxO
bofjMu' cKjM bfM -km\of6_ vM . sf]n]:6]/f]n w}u' KnfG6
a];8 km\of6 vM cn] 6fO{lUn;]/fO8 -WoM, lrs+ cflb_
w}u' Plgdn a];8 km\of6 -bfM, nf, b'? cflb_ vM .
ps]+ cKjM nf gOlk+s] sf]n]:6]/f]n cKjM h'O{;f, cKjM
hf gOlk+s] 6fO{lUn;]/fO8 cKjM h'O{ . Yj lgu'ln+ a:t'+
lxoft tfs'sL . cn] k/ o'lg6 6fO{d pln x] lx d'6'
b'g] jg]t k|];/ cKjM h'of jgL . yy] k]|;/ cKjM h'nls
lxg't tHofO{ wsfM dg"of Dx xfsg+ lxg"oft Vjft'sf
ols . lxg" Vjft'O an] xfsg b'g] lx GXofOu' yfo\ sd
h'of jgL .

yy] lrk'of j+u' lxg'lnO pln lx k/ o'lg6 6fO{d

;KnfO ofo]t emg k|];/ cKjM dfn . emLu' d'6'+ j x]
dfMvt+ k|];/ cKjM laof o+sL . yy] tfM O{ts k|];/
cKjM h'Oj+ ps+] ls8lg, ldvf, Gxfo\k+ cflb ;+a]bgl;n
co\ g+ gsf/fTds k|efj nfsL . uy]ls la:tf/+ t'Ss
t'Ss GXofSj bfM;f l;Fof d]r :o]gLdv', t/ t;s+ Wofs
Wofs bfof osn ls l;Fof d]r la:tf/+ TjMw'nL . xfO
An8 k|];/ tfM O{ts bof Rjgls pls dg"of Dxo\ yy]
x] afFdnfu' lnRjM nfsL .
xfO An8 k|;
] /+ yy] 5v] lxg" Vjft'ofM lx jgLu' yfo\
Dx h'of jgL . d]v] Dx h'of j+u' yf;o\ -An8 km\nf] Pl/of_
lnkf jgfM xL Rj+u' bfM -sf]n]:6]/f]n j 6fO{lUn;]/fO8_
wdfwd d'gf jgL . y'lsof kl/0ffd lx GXofOu' yfo\
emg sd h'of jgL . xfsg+ cKjM bofRj+u' sf]n]:6]/f]n
j 6fO{lUn;]/fO8+ lxoft emg emg tfs'sf o+sL . xfO{
;'u/of cj:yfo\ Yj qmd emg ofsg+ h'O . nuftf/ yy]
x] h'ofM 5'+ O{ lnkf 5Gx' jgfM lxg" aGb h'O{ . cn] ug
lxg' aGb h'n cg ;d:of jn . yy] lxg" aGb h'Ou'
cKjM ofgfM 5\of]go\ b'g] j d'6'O{ h'O . 5\of]go\ b'g] lxg"
aGb h'nls GXok'O{ dfMsy+ of lx dbofM GXok' ugL,
cn] GXok'of ugf j+u' yf;+ Hof doft ls pls+ sG6f]n
ofOu' yf;o\ hj jf vj, Nxf jf t'ltO{ kf/fnfOl;;
h'O . Yj k|s[ofo\ emLu' 5\ofF]go\ b'g] lxg" g+ tHofo] of] .
lxg" tHoft ls ;d:of emg hl6n h'O{ . ;+ejt tHofM
yfo\ lx lkxfF jgLu' aGb ofo]t ck/];g ofo] dfnL .

21
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
yy] lxg" aGb h'of j+u' yfo\ d'6' g+ h'Oof] . d'6o' f
lkg];+ d'6o' ft dfMu' lx 5\jOu' g;foft qmf]gl/ cf6{/L wfO{ .
d'6O' aGb h"jlgu' Yj x] g;f vM . u'ln lx d'6o' ft duft
d'6+' pln x] cKjM k|;
] /+ lx ;fn]6 :jO{ . lxg" aGb h'nls
d'6O' lx sd h'of jlg . lx sd h'ul' n+ d'6+' emg cKjM
k|;
] /+ lx ;fn]6 :jO{ . x6{ P6fs w}u' Yj x] cj:yf vM .
yy] 5'+ ldg]6 h'n ls x] d'6' :og]u' z'? h'O .
Yj k|lqmofo\ 5flt :ofOu', 5\of] :ofOu', Os'Ou,' rMlt
jOu' cflb h'O{ . Yj ca:yfo\ dg" 5' ldg]6 lnkf x] ;L
g+ of] . yg yfo\ nfs dg" ;L GXof] x] c:ktfn Yogls
c:ktfn+ c:yfoL ?k+ jf;M laofM 5'+ lbg dg"oft Djfsf
to]km' t/ ck/];g nf ofo] x] dfn . k'/f lxg" aGb h"yfo\
rfo]s] dkmt ls aGb h"u' KjfO6 rflxsfM lx kf; ofot
t'ltO Rj+u' lxg" g+ rfgfM d'6O' tO . aGb h"u' yf;+ dj+;]
d]u' n+ emL jg]an] afOkf; wfMy], yg g+ y'lsoft afOkf;
ck/];g wfO .
olb lxg" aGb h"yfo\ rfo]sfM xfsg+ aGb h'O{ wsfM
:6]g tn ls j cf]kgx6{ ;h{/L h"n . :6]g w}u' lxg"
b'g] tOu' 86k]g b'g] Rj+u' y] Rj+u' lrw+u' l:k| vM . Yj
k|lqmofo\ olb d'6' lbsfM ck/];g ofo] dfn wfM;f d'6' j
n+u;of Hof ofOu' d]l;g 5\on
] L, y'lsoft x6{ n d]l;g
wfO{ . yf}sGx] yHofMu' ;d:of yMs] b'nf wsfM ofpFs
:jo]u' lalw g]kfno\ g+ jMu' b' . y'lsoft l;l6 Pglhcf]
wfO{ . Yj k|lalwO{ l;l6:s]g ofgfM x] d'6O' { Rj+u' Ans]h
kQf nu] ofgf :jO .
y'u' lsl;d+ ck/];g ofo] dfnls, t;s+ yfs'O . Woaf
g+ cKjM dflnO . ps] :6fs
] j x6{ P6fs kfv] emL ar]
h'Ou' w}u' x] lk|eG] ;g vM . lk|eG] ;gof nflu emL;+ kmfOa/
cKjM b'u,' bfM db'u' ;fsfxf/L g;f go]dfM . 5fo\wf;f dg"
woflk nfvf} jif{ GXoMlg;] h+uno\ rflxnfM Djfgf Rj+lk+
h"ul' n Oldu' g;f cKjM x] h+uno\ b}u' jfpFu' xM, nx/fof
sGbd'n, l;dfof kmn, :jfFdfof k' cflb vM . emg lu|g
l/ef]n;
' g jf a'HF of cKjM of;f+ lg;] dg"v+ cKjM gOu' w}u'
hfls, 5\j jf sMlg vM . hgfj/of nf cKjM go]u' dg"of
k|fs[lts cfxf/ dv' . ps] :6fs
] j x6{ P6fs kfv] ar]
h'Ou' vM;f nf, bfM, WoM, lrs+ aGb ofo]u' j ;fsfxf/L
g;f go]u' x] :6fs
] j x6{ P6fsof lk|eG] ;g vM .

ls8lgof ;d:of
dg"of Dxo\ bof jO{u' laleGg lsl;dof lasf/ -OdKof]l/l6h_
oft dg"of Dx+ jfG5j]u' Hof ls8lgofu' vM . laleGg
lsl;dof laif jfG5j]u' Hof ls8lg+ ofo] dfMu'ln+ emLu'
ls8lgof l;i6d ;fk
h'O . ps]+ ls8lgof
lkmN6/ l;i6d 5sM :o]glsnf xfsg+ Hof ofO{ dv' .

ls8lgof l;i6d :o]gLu' d"n sf/0f x] dg'v+ gO{u'

cn] ls8lg+ kr] ofo] dk}mu' laift vM . vf;ofgfM Dxo
\bu' ' cnsf]xn kr] ofo]u' Hof lne/ ofu' vM . t/
co\nfvo\ b}u' laleGg ljift ls8lg jfG5j]dfM . yy]
h'ul' n+ yf}sGx] confM oSj Tjlglk+ dg"t x] lne/ hs
dv' ls ls8lgof g+ la/fdL h"u' vg] b' . d]u' ls8\lg
:o]lgu' sf/0f cfOa'kf| k] mg, kf/fl;6fdf]n cflb :ofMu' sd
h'Ou{ ' jf;Mof cKjM k|of]u gfk nM sd Tjlgu'ln+ vM .
dg"of Dxo\ nM ufM;f+ lasf/t 8fOn'6 ofgfM dg"of Dx lkg]
jf+5jo] cMk'O{ . cy] x] lgk|mfOl6; jf ls8lgO{ OGk]ms;g
h'n ls g+ ls8lg :og] oM . lGxof lGxy+ go]u' g;fo\ lr
cKjM h'Ou', k|fl] 6g cKjM h'Ou', ls8lg b'go] f :6f]g cflb
g+ ls8\lg :o]lgu'of sf/0f vM .
ls8lg :o]gls dg"of Dxo\ Rj+u' lqml6lgg n]en
j d]du] ' laif Dxo\ cKjofM dg"of Dx dgf jO{ . cn] Dx
:ofOu', Hj/ jO{u' cflb ;d:of jO{ . votnf dg"of Dxo\
ls8lg lguM bO, t/ 5u" x] sf/0f+ 5sn+ lgun+ ls8lg
:o]lg . yy] h'Ou'of sf/0f ls8lg la/fdL h'Oa{ n] z'?O{
ulDe/ ;+st] djOu' j d:ofOu'ln+ vM . la/fdLto\;+ dx;';

22
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
ofo]s Dx dgf jofM lqm6Llgg cKjM h'Oan] lgun+ ls8lg
:o]g] w'lsO{ .
yy] ls8lg :o]gls yf}sGx] :j+u" lasNk b' != xf]df]
8fonfO{l;; jf lxoft s[ltd d]l;g+ ;kmf ofo]u' . ls8lgO
lqml6lggof n]en u'ln bO{ :jofM 8fOnfOl;; afMl5 jf
xKtfo\ 5sM, jf xKtfo\ lgsM :jsM g+ ofo] dfnL . @= yf}sGx]
d]Dx dg"ofu' lguM dWo] 5uM ls8lg lnsofM la/fdLof Dxo\
ls8lg to]u' g+ ofM . 5' bF GXof]lg;] ls8lg 6fG;KnfG6of
ck/]zg g]kfno\ g+ ofgfRj+u' b' . #= l;=P=lk=l8= yf}sGx]
ls8lg 6fG;KnfG6of jf 8fonfOl;;of lasNk l;=P=lk=l8=
(Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) gf+of k|ljlw
g+ b' . y'ls 8fonfOl;;o\ y]+ c:ktfn jg]DjfM . Yj
k|ljlwO{ 8fS6/to\;+ la/fdLof Kjfyo\ XjM vgfM ls8lgof
Hof ofOu' c:yfoL ;fwg tO{ . t/ ;d:of Yj ;fwgo\
lGx lGx jf lgGx'of 5sM Kjfy+ lkg] Rj+u' kfO{k+ lx ;kmf
ofOu' jf;M to]dfM . cn] k'nf+u' jf Hof dofo] w'su" ' jf;M
lnsfo]dfM . Yj jf;M g+ ;fMk lys] . cn] yMDx:of+ x] jf
5]h
F MlkG;+ x] jf;M lxn] dfMu'ln+ la/fdLof sf]7f j la/fdL
dg'v+ ;kmfOno\ ;fMk Wofg aLdf, dv';f OGk]mS;gof
;+efjgf oSj bO{ .
t/ ls8lg 6fG;KnfG6 ofo]t ls8lg aLDx 8f]g/ j
sfO{Dx dg"of Dxof oSj /f;folgs u'0ft ldn] ofo]dfM . u'u'
;fMk yfs' . cy] x] d]Dx dg"of ls8lg tnls ls8lg tMDx
dg"of Dx+ yMu' c dv'ul' n 8An' la l; cKjMof l/h]S;g
ofo]u' :jO{ . ps]+ ls8lg lxnftMDx dg"v+ ;fOSnf]:kf]l/g
gf+of jf;M gofM 8An' la l; sd ofgf to]df, dv';f
l/h]S;g ofo]u' :jO{ . Yj ;fOSnf]:kf]l/g gf+of jf;M ;fMk
lys], cn] GXofan]+ jf d;L ts go]df . yy] 8An' la l;
sd h'of Rjlgu'ln+ ls8lg 6fG;KnfG6 ofo] w's
+ fM dg"of
Dxo\ d]u' /f]u gfk Njfo]u' Ifdtf jf ODo'lgl6 oSj sd
h'O{ . y'ls+ ofgf ;fwf/0f /f]u+ g+ eofjx ?k sfo]km' .
yy] h'ofM ls8lgof la/fdLto\u' hLjg ;xh h'O
dv' . ps] ls8lgof /f]u+ ar] h'Ot clt cfjZos h';f
hs :ofOu' sd h'Ou' jf;M go]u,' confM Yj+ jf yHofu'
a:t' dTjg]u' gfk+ ;fbf g;f gofM ;/n hLjg lat] ofo]u'
x] hs lk|eG] ;gof pkfo vM .

SofG;/of ;d:of
@)$% ;fno\ lh lhld la/fdL bfO{gfk 6f6f d]df]l/on
SofG;/ c:ktfn d'DaO{ jgf . cg lhld;+ NxfM 5Kkf+
PDk'66] ofgfM jf rfgf jofu' vM . t/ Nxf rfo]t g+ cg
Konf Rjg]dfn . j O{n] lh+ cg c:ktfnof k':tsfno
jgfM SofG;/of af/] oSj x] vFt Ajgf . cf lh+ n'dy
+ +]
SofG;/of af/] 5' vF Rjo] To]gf .
yf+o} f lGx ts Yo+an] laZjo\ SofG;/of la/fdLt oSj
x] bo] w's
+ n . g]kfno\ g+ a|g] 6\od' /of SofG;/ ts+ h'ofM
cfkfn+ dg"t ;Lu' vF g+ Gog] bt . SofG;/of ;Gbe{o\
wfo]u' vM;f r'/f]6 cKjM Tjlglk+Gt sy' j n+u; -:jF_
of SofG;/, confM oSj TjlglkGt lne/ SofG;/ cn]
ld:to\t a]i| 6 j ;le{sn -drf 5]_F SofG;/ h'n w}u' vF
cfkfn+ Go]g] b' . y'ls dWo] r'/f]6 j confM TjgfM h'Ou'
SofG;/ dg"to\u' g;fTj+;f jf :jefj gfk ;DjlGwt vM .
yy] x] clhgf]df]6f], ;fsl/g cKjM gnls g+ SofG;/
h'Ou' ;+efjgf cKjO wfO{ . t/ Dxof b'g] Rj+u' c+ uy]ls
kfglqmofh, kf]i66] , cfGb|f, Sj]F cflbof SofG;/ h'Ou{ '
sf/0f yf}ts ;'gf+ g+ d:o' . afFnfs d;Ls cGbfh ofgf
tMu' SofG;/of sf/0ft oSj x] b' .
lem;+ :o" SofG;/ w}u' DjfMyfo\ DjfM sy+ nf Ujf/fof
lasf; h'Ou' vM . Yjnf Ujf/f lrUjMan] vlgg+ dv' .
cn] la:tf/+ tUjM h'ofM ldvf+ g+ vg] bO{ . SofG;/of
zflAbs cy{ s+ufln jf sMln vM . SofG;/of 6\od' /oft
j}1flgsto\;+ dfOqmf];sf]k+ afFnfs :jMan] j nf Ujf/f hs
dv', psL s+uflnof t'lt y]+ xf g+ tftfxfsM h'ofM lkxf+
jofM Dxo\ k}mno\ h'ofRj+u' vg . cy] h'ul' n+ Yj /f]uof
gf+ SofG;/ jf s+ufln tMu' vM . t/ SofG;/ dv'u' nf
Ujf/foft 6\od' / hs wfO{, yHof]u' nf Ujf/fo\ s+uflnof
t'lt y]+ xf g+ bO{ dv' . SofG;/ nfos] yfs'u' sf/0f g+
Yj xfof 5s" hs l6:o' btn] Yj x] s'rf+ xfsg+ SofG;/of
nf Ujf/f bo]lsu'ln+ vM .
d:ofOu' sf/0f+ ofgfM dg"to\;+ Gxfkf+of ca:yfo\
SofG;/oft jf:tf ofO{dv' . ha nf Ujf/f ;fMk tUjM
h'ofM hjo\ vjo\ Wjfgf xO{ cn] :ofgf g+ jO{, pan]of
tsof b'g] /f]u g+ oSjM k'nf+ h'ofM y's+] las/fn ?k
sfo] w's
+ L . ha :ofgf jO{ cn] hs dg"to\ nf Ujf/f jf

23
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
6\od' /of af/] rf;f] g+ a9] h'O{ .
SofG;/ /f]u dg"of Dxo\ lasf; h'nls x] clt s8f
vM . t/ cy];f+ g+ y'ls+ eofgs ?k sfOu' sf/0f SofG;/
z'? h'Oan] d:ofOu'ln++ ofgfM vM . dg"to;+ nf Ujf/f hs
nf vMlg 5', :ofu' db' wsfM nf+ nf+ hs dv' blR5 lgbF
g+ lkofRjgL . yy] dg"to\;+ SofG;/ /f]uoft Dxd;Lu' x]
vt/fof d"n sf/0f vM .
SofG;/ h'Ou' vf; sf/0f emLu' Dxo\ b'g] ;]nt b',
;]no\ bYjL Go'lSn; bO, Go'lSn; b'g] l8PgP bO, l8PgP
b'g] qmf]df]hf]d bO, qmf]df]hf]d b'g] u'rd'r h'ofM hLg
RjgfRjgL . hLg laleGg lsl;dof bO . Yj hLgto\;+ x]
dg"of Dxof cfsf/, k|sf/, ;fOh, :jefj cflb lgoGq0f
ofO{ . Yj hLgt dWo] dg" a';f+lg;] Dxo\ SofG;/ ofOu' hLg
g+ bO . SofG;/ /f]u h'Ou' wOu' ;'Ds RjgfRj+u' SofG;/
hLg laz]if sf/0f+ ofgfM Do'6;
] g h'ofM PlS6e h'Ou' jf
;gf xO{u' hs vM . ps+] Yj d]u' /f]u y]+ AofS6]/Lof,
efO/; jf k|f6] f]hf]jfof sf/0f+ ofgf dv' ls dg"of Dxo\
clts+ b'g] Rj+u' ;+/rgf :o]gfM h'Ou' Njo\ vM .
SofG;/ vM nf ls dv' wsfM :jo]u' 5u" hs pkfo\
afof]lK; 6]i6 vM . afof]lK; 6]i6 w}u' Dxo\ a'of jMu' nfof
gd"gfof ;fO6f]nf]lhsn 6]i6 vM . olb Yj 6]i6+ SofG;/
wsfM kSsf h'n ls /f]u u'ln k'nf< u'ln k}mno\ h'n <
cflb hfFr ofgfM :jofM SofG;/of jf;M ofO{ . SofG;/of
jf; :jtf lsl;dof bO{ . != /]l8of]y/] flk @= s]df]y/] flk #=
;/h/L jf y'lk+ x] jf;Mof slDag];g vM .
/]l8of]y/] flk w}u' /]l8of]PlS6e /]h 5\jofM SofG;/of
;]noft ld+ k's] y+] k'sfM :ofo]u' vM . s]df]y/] flk wofu'
jf;Mof OGh]S;g laofM jf Dx't+' jf;M gsfM SofG;/of
sf]ifto\t :ofOu' vM . cn] ;/h/L w}u' ck/];g ofgfM
6\od' / lnsfOu' vM .
a]i| 6 SofG;/M a]i| 6 SofG;/ h'Ou' sf/0f g+ ;'gfg+
d:o" . t/ y'sL h]gl] 6s sf/0f 5u" k|dv
' vM . cyf{t
8fS6/to\u' cWoog cg';f/ df+oft a]i| 6 SofG;/ h'nls
DXofo\oft g+ a]i| 6 SofG;/ h'Ou' ;+efjgf %* k|ltzt bO{ .
yHof]lk xfO{ l/:so\ nfMlk+ ld:to\;+ pd]/ jgls dfdf]uf|fd
ofgf Rjg]dfM . dfdf]uf| do\ lruf]u' so\u' ;fOhof 6\od' /
g+ ofps vg]bO .

Jff;M ofgfM a|]i6 SofG;/, kf7]3/of SofG;/ l/se/

h"lk jf nfofjMlk+ ld:t oSj x] b' . cy] x] :jFof SofG;/
nflk+ ldh+t g+ oSj x] b' . yf+}tsof b'g] afFnfu' c:ktfn+
oSj lsl;dof SofG;/ nfos] k'm . t/ oSj lsl;dof
SofG;/of jf;M yf}+ts g+ db'lg cem oSj lsl;dof
SofG;/t uy] h'ofM h'O w}u' Sn' g+ j}1flgsto\s] db'lg .
ps]+ SofG;/of jf;M w}u' d:ofMu' nf Ujf/f vg];fy+
plsoft lnsfgfM afof]lK; ofgf :jo]u' cn] afof]lK;of
l/kf]6{ cg';f/ dfM sy+ jf;M ofo]u' vM . cy] x] SofG;/of
lk|eg] ;g w}u' co\nfM, YjF, r'/f]6, ;'lt{ kfv]+ tfkfgf Rjg]u,'
yMu' :jf:yoft ;bf+ ;Gt'ng ofgfto]u', 6]G;g dsfo]u',
;bf+ v'l;, ;'lv j ;Gtf]ifL h'of Rjg]u' x] vM .

8fO{a]l6hof ;d:of
emL;+ :o" ls emLu' lxO{ Un'sf]h jf ;'u/ jf rfs' g+
l7Ss h'of Rjg]dfM . 8fO{a]l6h wOu' emLu' lxO{ rfs'of
dfqf cKjO{u' vM . t/ 8fO{a]l6h dh"lgDx dg"of lxO{
cKjM g;f gofM cKjM ;'u/ btls OG;'lngof ;xfotf+
cKjM h"u' ;'u/oft k|of]u ofgf bfM bo]ls . yy] ofgfM
lxO{ ;'u/of n]enoft dfMsy+ ldn] ofgf tO . OG;'lng
Dx h'n jf dGt ls 8fO{a]l6hof la/fldto\;+ Dxo\ cKjM
;'u/ bOan] plsoft bfM bo]sf sd ofo] kmO{ dv' .
lxO ;'u/ cKjM bOu' Yj cj:yfoft 8fOa]l6s jf
8fO{a]l6h wfO{ . 8fO{a]l6h g+ lgu" lsl;dof b', 6fO{k !

24
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
j 6fO{k @ . 6fO{k !o\ kfgq]mofh+ OG;'lng bos] dkmOu'
vM . t/ 6fO{k @o\ kfgq]mofh+ bo]s"u' OG;'lng dg"of
Dxo\ Rj+u' ;]nto;+ k|of]u ofo] dk}mu' vM . yy] OG;'lng
k|of]u dh'nls xfsg+ kfgq]mofh+ la:tf/+ OG;'lng bos]
dkmof jgL .
ha ;]nto\;+ ;'u/ k|of]u ofo] k}mdv', pan] Dx+
a|]goft Dxo\ Oglh{ duft wsfM ;Gb]z 5\jO{ . cn] a|]g+
lgu" Hofof nflu ph+ laO{ . Gxfkf+ ;fk go]dfMl:t jo]sf
laO{ . xfsg+ d;n j bfMoft 6'qmf h'ofM Oglh{ bos]t
ph+ laO, Yj x] sf/0f+ ofgfM 8fO{a]l6hof z'?an] jf
8fO{a]l6h wsfM d:o"lg an] 8fO{a]l6hof la/fldt emg
emg u+l; h'of jgL . oSj x] O{ ts Yj k|lqmof h'oft'+
Rjgls s]6f]l;; h'O{ . s]6f]l;; h'nls lxO s]6f]g wOu'
ljif cKjMof jgL, Yj s]6f]g cKjM btls dg" t'?Gt ;L
g+ of] .
8fO{a]l6hof la/fldto\;+ go] dfl:t jofM cKjM
gOan] Oldu' lxO{ ;'u/ emg cKjMof jgL . lxO{ Rj+u'
;'u/ k|of]u dh'n ls lgu" ;d:of jO . 5u" ls8\lgoft
;'u/ jfG5o]u' Hof cKjM ofo] dfnL . yy] h'Oan] ;'u/
8fOn'6 ofo]t cKjM nM dfnL . y'lsof nflu la/fldoft
;fMk Kofrfo]sf laO{ .
xfsg+ ls8\lg b'g] Rj+u' g;fo\ g+ cKjM lrgL bofM
dgfjOu' jf :o]gf jOu' g+ ;+efjgf bO{ . yy] cKjM ;'u/
tf O{ ts Rjgls ls8\lg :o]lgu' g+ pln x] ;+efjgf bO{ .
8fO{a]l6hof la/fldto\t d'6'of Njo\ h'Ou' ;+efjgf
g+ pln x] bO . 5fo\wfM;f lxO{ lrgL cKjM h'nls, lx
u'F7 y] cKjM Rofk Rofk h'O . yy] Rofk Rofk h'nls
lxO bof jOu' bfM lxg'lnO yfo]t emg cMk'O . y'ls+
ofgfM lxg"of XjM emg lrXjM h'ofjgL . u'ls+ofgf a|]go\
:6f]sof gfk+ sfnfGt/o\ qmf]g/L cf6{/L lrXjM h'ofM x6{
P6fsof g+ ;d:of bof jO .
la/fdLof cj:yf :jofM 8fS6/to\;+ 8fO{al] 6hof jf;M
laO{ . 8fO{a]l6h g+ dg"of Dxo\ b'g] Rj+u' ;+/rgf :o]gfM
h'Ou'ln 8fO{al] 6hof jf;M 5sM go] dfn ls ;fwf/0ftof
lhGbuLe/ go]dfM . 8fO{a]l6hof la/fdLto\t An8 k|];/
y]+ d]u' g+ yk /f]u h'nls ;fk yfs'O{ .

8fO{al] 6hof la/fdLto\;+ ;fwf/0ftof ;'u/ cKjM h'ofM

sd h'Ou' jf; gOu' vM . t/ 5sM lgsM tf O{ ts
g;f dgofM jf cKjM Gofl; jgfM cflb sf/0f+ ;'u/
5sn+ sd g+ h'O{ of] . Yj ;'u/ sd h'Ou' cj:yf g+
vt/gfs vM . 5fo\ls ;'u/ sd h'n ls dg" d'5f{ h'ofM
t'/Gt l;O{ g+ of] . ps] 8fO{a]l6hof la/fldto\;+ rsn]6
jf yHof]u' ;'u/ cKj]lsOu' g;f g+ gfk+ tof to]dfM .
8fO{a]l6hof la/fldto\;+ lrgLof lx;fa+ clt ;Gt'lnt
g;f go]dfM . 8fO{a]l6h dh"lgan] g+ y'lsof lk|e]G;g
wOu' rfs'u' sd go]u', jfpu' ;fukft cKjM go]u' gfk+
nM cKjM Tjg]u' vM .

l8k|];gof ;d:of
dg" ;fdflhs k|f0fL h"u'ln+ j+ ;d'xno\ RjgfM
d]lklgu' Hof kfv]+ ;o\s]u' l;O{s]u' oSj x] ofgfM yMt
g+ ;M:o'lk+lgu' ;d'xno\ to]t :jO . Yj ;fk x] afFnfu'
vF vM . t/ dg"to;+ afFnfu' Hof hs dv' afFdnfu'
Hoft g+ plts+ x] ;os]t :jofRj+u' b', uy]ls 3'; go]u,'
ofsg+ tMld h'Ou', d]lklgu' gSsn ofgfM cKjM vr{
ofo]u' cflb . ps]+ yf}+sGx] dg"of hLjgo\ oSj x] cKjM
Woaf dfnfRj+u' b' . t/ Woaf sd] ofo]u' w}u' ;fMk yfs' .
;+;f/o\ cfkfn+ dg"to\t oSj Woaf dfnfRj+u' b', ps] x]
oSj dg"to;+ yMt ul/j tfo]sf Rj+u' vM .
ha cKjM vr{ dfn cn] laleGg lsl;dofu' cfo
cfh{gof tl/sf dfn] dfn . y'ls dWo] cg}lts Hof g+
h'Ok'm . yy] 5u" cg}lts Hof oft ls dg"oft ps]+ ;bf
VofMjo]k'm . cn] yy] Uofgf Rjg ls j x] hs vF lGxlR5+
rlR5+ lbdfuo\ rflxnf Rjgls lh+ l;lts+ x] yy] ofgf,
cy] dof;f Ho"u' cfM lh km;o\ h'n cflb vFt lbdfuo\
;bf+ jofM d]u' ;fwf/0f lGxy+of Hof lbdfuo\ jO{dv' .
yy] dfu' vF lbdfuo\ djOu' x] l8k|];gof z'?jft vM .
yy] l8k|];gof z'?jft h'Ou' d]u' sf/0f ld;f ldh+of
cg}lts :jfk' g+ vM . u'lsofgf oSj g}lts j dfgl;s
;+s]t jO .
yy] l8k|]:;g ;'? h'nls dg"to;+ larfM ofo]t
lbdfu rflxs] kmOdv' . y'ls+ ofgfM 5'+ g+ Hof ofo]
kmOdv' 5fo\ls lbdfuo\ d]u' x] vF Nxfgf Rj+u' b' . cn]
la:tf/+ lbdfu c:yfoL ?k+ OgPlS6e h'ofjgL . lGxof

25
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
lGxy+ ofgf Rj+u' Hof g+ ofo] dkmof jgL . la:tf/+ dg"of
Aojxf/ ;'yf+ dnfgf jO{ . yy] h'nls hLjg vgfM emg
lg/f; h'O . d]v] lbdfu+ Hof dofMu'ln j dg'v+ 5'+ Hof
g+ ofo] k}mdv' . cn] l8k|];g h"Dx dg" emg emg cfF6]
rfof jO{ . 5'+ ofo] dk'm;+]ln cfM lhu' hLjg k'mt . lh
Djfgf Rjg]u' w}u' x] kl/jf/oft af]em vM w}u' vF dgo\
jO . cn] la:tf/+ j dg"of lbdfuo\ cfM lh yy] x] h'of
;L, lh Djfgfof 5'+ k|of]hg dGt wOu' lGxlR5 rlR5 dgo\
jof RjgL . yy] h'ofM lbdfuof ;Gt'ng dGt ls la:tf/+
cfTdxTofof vF j dg"of dltO jO{, uy]ls sMl;+ SjAjfgf
;Lu', laif go]u', kxf8+ Sjafo]u', t'lGyO SjAjfo]u' cflb .
yy] l8k|];g h'Oan] dg"of Dxo\ Rj+u' laleGg
/;fogto\u' 36a9 h'O{ . /f;folgs kl/jt{g gfk ef}lts
kl/jt{g g+ jO{, uy]ls d'6' cKjM ef/f ef/f ;gL . Dxo\
cKjM rlt jO{, sy' ugL cflb . t/ afFnfu' vF 5' wfM;f
yf} sGx]of lj1fgo\ Yj k'mSs Njo\of afFnfu' jf;Mt b' .
la:tf/+ /f]u nfOu' kSsf x] vM .
yy] h"u'ln l8k|];g h"Dx dg"oft cfTdxTof ofO
wsfM 5Dx dg'v+ ;bf+ Tjt] dHo' . l8k|];gof la/fdLoft
;bf+ hLjg wOu' yy] x] vM, drfos k'ms:of+ ulNt
ofO{ t/ pls ;'wf/ g+ ofO{ wsf ;fMk ;fGTjgf laOdfM,
Ogs/]h, df]l6e]6 ofo]dfM . Yj ;fwf/0f Njo\ vM wfo]dfM .
la/fdLof dg\o lhtM g+ dfof ofO{lk+ oSj b', Oldu' nflu
lh+ g+ 5'+ ofo]dfM, cem cHof]u' Hof No+ blg wofu' vF
la/fdLof dgo\ Ajn+s] dfM . cn] hs l8k|];g h"Dx
dg"of dg n'bgL .
l8k|];g h"lk+ la/fdLto\t PlG6 l8k|];gof jf;M gfk+
/f]uof cj:yf :jofM /f]u sd h'Ou' jf;M laO{, uy]ls
GXoM djn ls 8]lhkfd y] Rj+u' GXoM jOu' jf;M, An8
k|];/ cKjMn ls sd h'O{u' jf;M, 5flt ef/fef/f ldg
ls xfO{k/gn y] Rj+u' ef/fef/f ld+u' sd h'O{u' jf;M,
;fMk Uoft ls dUofOu' jf;M . jf;M j afFnfu' jftfj/0f
bt ls l8k|];gof la/fdLt ofsg+ ngL .
l8k|];g /f]u h'O{u' sf/0f 6]g;g h'ofln 6]g;g
Dofg]h ofo] dkmofM cfTdan dufgf jgLu' vM . ps]+
l8k|];gof la/fdLoft cfTdanof nflu 5]FhlkG; ;fMk aM
laOdf . ;+;f/ wofu' yy] vM, emL :jofM ul/a j go]

dv+lk g+ oSjM b' . ps]+ emL 5' cj:yfo\ b' j afFnfu'

x] cj:yf vM wsf df]l6e]6 ofo]dfM . cn] l8k|];gof
lk|e]G;g rflx 6]g;g h'Os oSj Hof dofo]u', yMDx]:of+
ofMu' Hof ulNt dof;] yM cfTd ;Gt':t h'Os ofo]dfM .
Yj x] l8k|];gof lk|e]G;g vM .

o'l/s Pl;8 cKjMOu' ;d:of

dg"to;+ nf jf a'aM y] hfMu' oSj Ko'l/g b'u' g;f
gnls pls+ oSj o'l/s Pl;8 lksfO . yy] oSj o'l/s
Pl;8 lkxfF jnls emLu' ls8lg cKjM Hof ofgfM o'l/s
Pl;8 cKjM jfG5o]dfn . olb oSj o'l/s Pl;8 lkxfF
jofM g+ ls8lg jfG5jo] dkmt ls dg"of lxO{ o'l/s Pl;8
cKjM bof jO{ . Gxfkf nf lxO{ o'l/s Pl;8 ;f]n'an
h'of RjgL, t/ ha lxO{ nMof dfqf sd h'O{ o'l/s
Pl;8 ;f]lnl8kmfO{ jf qm]:6nfO{h h'O{ . o'l/s Pl;8of
8]lG;6L !=*& u|fd k/ So'las ;]lG6ld6/ vM . yy] nM
:jofM jf lx :jofM oSj e\moft'u'ln+ Yj ;f]lnl8kmfO
h'nls t'lt kfv] jf Sjo\ kfv] jgL . cn] cg x] d'gfM
Ujf/f vfgf jO . y'lsof /+u Sj]F y] t'O;] RjgL .
o'l/s Pl;8of qm]:6nof cfsf/ wfM;f Psbd d'n'
y]+ Rjfd';] RjgL, pls+ Yj d'+ yfo\ ;n+; d'n+' ;'oftMy]+
:ofO . xfsg+ y'lsof ldl8od Pl;l8s h'of g+ Yj d'+
yfo\of l6:o'oft la:tf/+ Hoo]sf o+sL . olb o'l/s Pl;8
ofsg+ qm]:6nfO{h dh'nls y'lsof xfO{ sg;]G6]zg+
ofgfM emg ls8lgoft g+ :o+lsu' ;+efjgf bof jO{ .
nf jf a'aM oSj gofM gfk+ SofG;/of Njo\ j
yfO/f]O8of Njo\of sf/0f+ g+ o'l/s Pl;8 cKjM bo]oM .

26
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
lxof hfFr ofgfM emL;+ o'l/s Pl;8 u'ln b' wsfM ofp+s
l;Os] k'm . y'lsof gd{n n]en ldh+to\t $ lg;] *=%
ldlnu|fd k/ 8]l;ln6/ vM . cy] x] ld:tou' nflu Yj
@=% lg;] &=% ts vM . t/ 6]i6sL6 :jofM Yj Eofn"
erferf kfo] g+ oM .
o'l/s Pl;8of jf;M yf}sGx] ahf/o\ oSj lsl;dof
b' . ahf/o\ rn]h"u' jf;Mof h]g]l/s gf+ allopurinol
vM . t/ y'lsof g+ Aofkfl/s gf+ sDklg :jofM km/s
km/s h'O . cy] x] o'l/s Pl;8+ :ofMu' sd ofOu' jf;Mof
h]g]l/s gf+ indomethacin vM . o'l/s Pl;8of jf;M
d'Vo ofgfM Yj x] lgu" vM . t/ y'sL oSjM nM Tjg]u'
;fMk x] cfjZos 5fo\ls Yj 8fOn'6 h'nls ls8\lgoft
lkg] jfG5o] ;fMk ck'O{ .
pls+ o'l/s Pl;8of la/fdLto\;+ go] dHo"u' a'aM,
nf, Gof, Rofp vM . pls g+ cuf{g ld6 jf :o], GXok',
l6:oM cflb, emg dHo" . cy] x] lao/, jfOg, conf
g+ ;fk dHo" .
o'l/s Pl;8of la/fdLto\t Ho"u' g;f w}u' jfpFu'
t/sf/L, ;'k, h';, kmnk'mn, hfls, 5\j, 5'r'+ cflb
vM . d'6'of Njooft v]F, wf}, rLh cfbL dHo";f+ o'l/s
Pl;8of la/fdLto\t y'lk+ g;ft Ho' . cy] x] a]ls
;f]8f Tjg]an] g+ cnsfnfOg h"u'ln Pl;8oft sd ofO{ .
yy] h"u'ln+ cKjM o'l/s Pl;8 bOu' Njo\of lk|e]G;g
w}u' nf, Gof, Rofp, a'aM sd hs go]u' jf dgo]u',
nM oSjM Tjg]u' vM . cy] x] hf, d/L, jfprf cflbof
;fbf vfgf go]u' w}u' x] o'l/s Pl;8oft yMkfv] tfkfsf
to]u' vM .

yy] yMu' Dxof ;+/If0f ofo]t Dxo\ b'g] Rj+u' a:t'

jf cof k|fs[lts ?k+ Dxl;sf tO{ . yMu' wfnls
;+/If0f ofo]u' cn] lkg]ofu' wfnls Njfo]u' :o+s]u' .
c6f] ODo'g l8lhh w}u' Yj Dxl;sf :o]lgu' vM . yy]
Dxl;sf :o]g jf Dx dl;n ls ODo'g l;i6d+ yMu' x]
Dxof laleGg cof la?4 ;lqmo h'O{ jf :o+s]u' :jO{ .
uy]ls dnl6kn :s]n]/f]l;; w}u' /f]uo\ ge{; l;i6dof
laleGg l6:o'of :s]n jf vf]no\ cfqmd0f ofgfM :o+sL .
cn] ;+/If0f ofgftMu' vf]n dGtls b'g]of Psbd g/d
jf h]ln y]+ Rj+u' l6:o't cy+] :o]gf jgL .
yHofu' Dxl;sf :o]lgu' /f]u Gxfkf kQf nu] dh',
t/ yf}sGx] la1fgof lasf;+ ;+ej h'n . yHofu' /f]uo\
yfO/fO{8of Njo\, kf+q]mofh+ OG;'lng lkdsfOu' Njo\,
?df6Ls cy{/fO{l6;, n'k; cflb vM . yy] Dxl;sf
5' h'n ls :o]lgu' w}u' sf/0f kQf nu] dh'lg . t/
8fS6/to\;+ cGbfh rflx+ ofgf tMu' b' . uy] ls r'/f]6
TjgfM yfO/fO8of Hof :o]lgu', ?df6Ls cy{/fO{l6;,
n'k; h'O{u', cy] x] x]kf6fO{l6;of sf/0f+ dlN6kn
:s]/f]l;; h'O{u' z+sf ofgf tMu' b' .
yHofu' Dxl;sf :o+u' Njo\of cfqmd0f d'6', ldvf,
ls8lg, lne/, :jF, Gxfo\k+ cflb yf;o\ g+ h'Ok'm .
yy] Dxl;sf :o]gfM h'Ou' /f]uof nIf0f la/fdL dg"of
/f]u+ Yo"u' jf /f]u h"u' c XofpF;] RjgLu', dgf jOu',
:ofOu', Dxof tfkqmd sd h'Ou', Tofg'Ou' cflb vM .
Pnf]k]ly l;i6do\ yHofu' c6f] ODo'g l8lhhof
jf;M g+ db' . pls+ /f]uLof ;d:of :jof plsof nIf0f
cg';f/of jf;M hs laOu' vM . uy]ls lx :o]g ls
lx lxn]u', dgf jnls dgf jOu' Dxf] h'Ou' jf;M laOu',
c6f] ODo'g l8lhhof ;d:of
:ofM;f :ofOu' Dxf] h'Ou' jf;M laOu', cflb .
dg"of Dxo\ lkg]+ efO/;, AofS6]l/of, km+u;, kf/f;fO6
Pnf]k]ly l;i6do\ yHofu' c6f] ODo'g l8lhhof jf;M
cflb jnls Oldt dbos]t jf :ofo]t dg"of ODo'g db'u'ln+ la/fdLto\;+ ;f; btn] cfz wfy]+ hl8a'l6of
l;i6d PlS6e h'O{ . cn] yMu' Dxo\ b'g] Rj+u' k'mSs jf;M, PSo'k+Sr/ cflb g+ sf]l;; ofgfRjg wfMu' Ajg]
j Gog] b' .
a:t'oft yMu' vM wsfM Dx;Lsf ;+/If0f ofgf tO .

efh' s'db' >]i7 g]kfn efiffof ln; ln;]+ d]du] ' efo\of nf]s+ XjfMDx Rjld vM . jo\sMof cfts v'u" ;k"m lkbg]
w's
+ u" ' b' . yf}s
+ GXo\ cjsfz lnkf :jtGq ag laz]if1 sy+ Ao:t h'ofRjgf bLu' b' .

27
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Dr. Subarna Pradhan
and
Cecilia Pradhan
Downers Grove, Illinois

28
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

lzIff s"6gLlt j
g]kfnof pRrlzIff
lzIffofu' laZjAofkLs/0f u'ln u'ln Gxf]g] jg lzIff
s"6gLltof dxTj g+ pln x] Ajngf jn . lzIff s"6gLlt
w}u' 5' < psLof 5'+ cf}krfl/s kl/efiff db' . yf}FsGxo\
:yfgLo j ;Ldfgf kf/ lzIffoft k|efljt h'Ou' 5'+ x]
gLlt j k|lqmofgfk ;+a4 cjwf/0ffof ko\ YjOt k|of]u
ofo]u' ofgf xMu' b' . Yjof Gxf] laBfyL{to\u' z}lIfs
cg'ej Ajn+st] j yL yL ;+:s[ltgfk laBfyL{to\t x]nd]n
h'Ou' cj;/ aLu' p2]Zo+ clek|]l/t cGt//fli6o :t/ofu'
laBfyL{ cfbfgk|bfg ofo]u' Hof gfk hs Yj cjwf/0ff
;Lldt h'ofRj+u' vM . yf}+ jofM Aofks k+ k|efljt h'O
kmOu' lzIff gfk ;+a4 cGt//fli6o :t/ofu' sfo{qmd j
cGt/lqmof gfk Yj cjwf/0ff :jfo]u' ofgf xn . pls+
lzIff s"6gLltoft cfM laZjAofkL lzIff s"6gLltof ko\
y'Os] kmOu' h'n .
lzIff s"6gLltoft Aojxf/o\ nfu' ofo] Gxf] k//fi6
gLlt j cGt//fli6o ;DaGw ;'wf/ gfk+ k|jt{g ofo]u'
lalzi6 p2]Zo kl/k"lt{of nfuL yMyMu' b]of kbflwsf/Lt
gfk Aofks ;xnx h'OdfM . gfk+ cgf}krfl/s ;xnxno\
Ajlt sfOlk+ b]to\ bYjL yLyL laZjf; j ;Ddfgoft aMaLu'
g+ pln x] h?/L b' . y'sLof nfuL clestf{of ko\
;kmn lzIfsof e"ldsf lgjf{x ofMlk+ gful/s ;dfhof
k|ltlglwt j /fHoof kbflwsf/Lt gfk+ d]lk+ ;fe]mbf/to\t
g+ b'Yofs]dfM .
lzIff s"6gLlt1to\;+ lzIffo\ nufgL, cu|ufdL kl/jt{gof
nfuL pko'Qm lzIff gLlt j lzIffofu' laZjAofkLs/0f
;DaGwL df}lns b[li6sf]0foft laz]if dxTj laofM lzIffoft
lkIfLo j ax'kIfLo ;dembf/L j ;GwLno\ b'YofsfM vf;
p2]Zo ;lxtof yMyMu' e"ldsf lgjf{x ofo]u' ofO . Yj
:jofM g+ cKkf] pld;+ :yfgLo j cGt//fli6o :t/of :t/Lo
lzIffno\ hgtfofu' kx'Fr a9o\ ofo]u' Hofo\ k|fT] ;fxg aLt
;Dalwt dg"t gfk lGxof lGxy+ ;Dks{ tofM cfjZos
kxn ofo]u' g+ ofO .

k|f= 8f= sdn s[i0f hf]zL

g]kfM

;fdflhs pGglt j yMlklg

gful/sto\u' nfuL :j:y, :t/Lo
lzIffo\ hgtfof kx'Froft ;'lglZrt
ofgfM pTkfbgzLn jftfj/0f j
eljioo\ jo] k'mu' GxfUu' ;d:ofgfk
Njfo]u' Ifdtf Ajn+s]of nfuL lzIff+
lDxt]u' e"ldsfoft cem ckf] dxTj
aLu' g+ ofgfxMu' b' . lzIff s"6gLlt
psLof nfuL k|of]u ofo]u' HofeMof
ceLi6 k vM .
yf}+ laZjAofkL oyfy{tf gfk ;+a4 hl6n ;fdflhs
;d:ofto\u' lg/fs/0fof nfuL a[lQs s"6gLlt1 j
Aoj;flos k/fdz{bftfto\ kfv]+ k/Dk/fut ko\ Gxfs]u'
ofgf tMu' cEof;t :jofM z}lIfs s"6gLlt1to\s] yf}+ :jofM
cnUu lsl;dofu' bIftf bo]dfMu' vM . plds] :t/Lo
k|fljlws 1fg, lzIff gLlt j dfgj clwsf/oft y'Os]u' j
;dfh+ DxMu' lzIffofu' gljgtd If]q j laifooft GxAj]t
cGt//fli6o ;xsfo{oft k|f]T;flxt ofo]u' Ifdtfofu'
ck]Iff ofO . laZjzflGt, cGt//fli6o ;'/Iff j tRjs+
hl6n dfgj ;d:ofto\u' tft'Ou' ;dfwfg dfn]u' Hofof
nfuL lzIffoft k|efjsf/L dfWodof ko\ 5n]u' lzIff
s"6gLltof d"n cjwf/0ff dfgo\ ofo]k'm .

29
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
d]d]u' s"6g}lts cleofg y]+ x] lzIff s"6gLltoft
g+ ;dfg dxTjof gfk+ yMu' hfoh yfo\ sfo]u' clwsf/
b' . gLu"u' zlbof by' O{lg;]+ cGt//fli6o ;GwL;Demf}tfo\
lzIff+ u'An+] u'An]+ yfo\ sfo]u' ofgf xM;f+ cfM jof lzIff+
dfgj clwsf/of ko\ g+ k"j+s dfGotf sfo]u' ofgfxMu'
b' . ps]+ yf}+ofu' Gxfkf+u' cfjZostf w}u' kfo\l5u' :t/Lo
lzIffo\ hgtfofu' kx'Froft cfZj:t ofo]t pko'Qm z}lIfs
ultljlwoft aNnfs]u' kfv]+ ;dfh, /fHo j cGt//fli6o
hutoft GxAj]u' vM . ;sl;of nfuL lzIff y]+ hfMu'
:jtGq cGt//fli6o cleofg+ AolQm j ;dfhof nfuL
lzIffofu' dxTjof 1fgoft Aofkstf laofM gful/s ;dfh
j ;sn hgtfof ;+nUgtfoft k|f]T;flxt ofo]u' g+ pln
x] cfjZos h" .
b]zofu' cu|ufdL kl/jt{g j ;d[l4kfv] ofsg+ Yo+st]
dbo]s+ dufMu' HofeMof ko\ lzIff cfM cGt//fli6o
Vono\ Aofks dfGotf sfo]u' ofgf xn . ;fdflhs
pGglt j yMlklg gful/sto\u' nfuL :j:y, :t/Lo lzIffo\
hgtfof kx'rF oft ;'lglZrt ofgfM pTkfbgzLn jftfj/0f j
eljioo\ jo]km" u' GxfUu' ;d:ofgfk Njfo]u' Ifdtf Ajn+so] f
nfuL lzIff+ lDxt]u' e"ldsfoft cem ckf] dxTj aLu' g+
ofgf xMu' b' . lzIff s"6gLlt psLof nfuL k|of]u ofo]u'
HofeMof ceLi6 k vM . cg cGt//fli6o ;xeflutf
kfv]+ lzIffoft Aojxf/o\ ;kmntfk"js
{ k|of]u ofo]t j /fi6
lgdf{0fof Hofo\ k|efjsf/L pTk|]/sof e"ldsf lgjf{x ofo]t
tMw+u' an aL . lzIff s"6gLltof Yjx] zlQmoft Dx;Lsf
yf}+ lzIff s"6gLlt+ laZjAofkL dfGotf sfo] w'+sn . lzIffo\
kx'Froft ;/lns[t of;] ;dfh, ;+:s[lt j ;Eotfof
lasl;t koft /fi6ofu' sNof0fof nfuL k|of]u ofo]u'
yf}+ laZje/of lzIff s"6gLlt1to\u' 5u" x] nIf h"u' b' .
laZjAofkLs/0f j cfTdlge{/tf kfv] yf}+ laZj tLa|
ult+ Gxf]g] jgfRj+u' b' . lzIff 5u" yhf]u' dfWod h"u' b'
u'u'ln+ Yff}Fof gfk+ lnkf jOu' kLl9of laBfyL{to\t tft'Ou'
lasf;, zflGt j dfgj clwsf/ y]+ hfu' laifono\ kf]Vt
ofgf aL . lalaw ;+:s[lt j yL yL /fi6to\ bYjL ;"rgf j
;~rf/ ;+jb] gzLntf gfk++ kfo\l5u' t/Lsf+ lxnfa'nf ofo]t
s'6g}lts rfn+ cfjZos cj;/ laof aL . yf}+ tLa| ult+
h'ofRj+u' laZjAofkLs/0f+ dfgjtfofu' eljiooft x] 5u"

y'hf]u' ulDe/ r'gf}lt GxAjMu' b' u'sLt a'st] cGt//fli6o

;xof]u j ;~rf/ofu' cfjZostf b' .
AolQm j ;dfhofu' :j:y pGglt ofo]u' cj;/of
nfuL cem cKkf] l:y/ ;+;f/of cfjZostf h'O{ cn] j
l:y/ ;+;f/ lzIff j s"6gLlt lgtf+ bM;f hs ;Dej
h'O{ . lzIff j s"6gLltof ;dfud kfv]+ k|fb'ef{j h'Ou'
lzIff s"6gLltof Yj Gx"u' cjwf/0ff+ laZjoft ultzLn j
zlQmzfnL ofo]t phf{ aL . emLu' Yj ;+;f/oft ck]Iffs[t
9fFrfo\ xLs]t lzIff s"6gLltoft k|efjL dfWodof ko\
k|of]u ofo] kmO{ . GxfDx dg"of :j:y j :yfO pGgltof
nfuL Yj+ cj;/ aL cno\ laZje/ zfGt, ;'b[9, ;d[4
;dfhofu' lgdf{0fo\ tMw+u' aM aL .
ci6]lnofofu' cGt//fli6o lzIff sfo{qmd+ b]zof
s"6gLltoft tMw+u' aM Ao"u' ci6lnofnL lzIfflab\t j d]lk+
k|a'4 dg"t;]+ :jLsf/ ofM . laz]if ofgfM ;dfhof yLyL
If]qo\ Hof ofgfRj+lk+ dg"to\t Yj Hofo\ b'Yofs]of gfk+
Oldt j sfo{qmdkfv]F oSsf] k|efljt ofMu' b' w}u' vFo\
Olk+ laZj:t h" . Old;+ laZjf; ofO{ ls Yj sfo{qmd+
ci6]lnofofu' k//fi6 gLltof k|fyldstfto\t ult laofM
b]zofu' rfxgfoft g+ ;Daf]wg ofO . ax'cfoflds j lGxof
lGxy+ yfxfF jgf Rj+u' cGt//fli6os/0fof cGt//fli6o
lzIff sfo{qmd+ laBfyL{, k|f1 j :yfgLo ;d'bfo bYjL
/fli6o Pj+ cGt//fli6o :t/o\ dxTjk"0f{ cGt/lqmof j
cGt/;+jfbof oSsf] cj;/ aL . z}lIfs cfbfgk|bfg
gfk+ af}l4s, Aofkfl/s j ;fdflhs ;DaGwof ;sf/fTds
cg'ejkfv]+ /fi6ofu' k|lti7f hs ysfO dv' If]qLo j
laZj:t/of sfo{qmdo\ Ajlt sfo]u' j plsof kl/0ffdto\t
k|efljt ofo]t /fi6of Ifdtf g+ ufSs ysof aL . y'sLoft
:ki6t zk\m6 kfj/ (soft power) wfO . cGt//fli6o
lzIff sfo{qmdgfk cfj4 Yj zk\m6 kfj/ k|s/0foft k"js
+
;b'kof]u ofo]u' ci6]lnofof u'ln Ifdtf b' w}u' vF cem
:ki6 dh"gL . ci6]lnofofu' cGt//fli6o lzIff sfo{qmdo\
b]zofu' s"6gLltof g]t[Tjoft cem ckf] lqmofzLn of;]
psLof NjMu' d"Nofg ofo]t cn] yMlklgu' bYjL j
d]d]lk+gfk g+ la:tfl/t ax;of cfof]hgf ofo]t dfSsf]
cj;/ aL . y'hf]u' /0fgLlt j sfo{qmd+ ci6]lnofofu'
cGt//fli6o lzIff sfo{qmdof zk\m6 kfj/oft pTs[i6tf

30
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
k|bfg ofgfM ci6]lnofofu' eljio cem ckf] rs+s]u' j j cGt//fli6o lzIffof nfuL lrgLof ;+:yfof ;ef;Dd]ng
h'Oano\ gjfo]u' ofgfxMu' b' . pln hs dv' rLlgof ;/sf/+
b]zofu' k|lti7f ysfo]u' Hof ofO .
lzIff s"6gLltof laifo ef/tof nfuL g+ 5u" Gx"u' ljifo cg';Gwfg, k|ljlw nMNxfo]u' Hof j k|fljlw1to\u' tfnLd
vM . lzIff s"6gLltofu' ;kmn k|of]u+ laZjo\ ax'cfoflds sfo{qmd ;~rfngof gfk+ ;ffO{no\ Gx"u' laZjlaBfno
;DaGw la:tf/ ofo]u'nL tMw+u' aMaL w}u' ef/tof laZjf; :yfkgf ofo]t cfof]hgf ofMu' cd]l/sL tyf lrlgof
;xofqLto\ bYjLof Gxfkf+u' ;df/f]xno\ g+ Ajlt sfo]u' ofMu'
b' . ef/t+ yMu' d'Vo ;xofqLof ko\ wfM;f ci6l] nofoft
b' . cGt//fli6o lzIff gfk ;Da4 yl'kF yLyL Hofe\mjno\
No]u' pko'Qm HjLu' larf/ ef/tLo lzIfflab\to\u' b' .
lrgLof ;/sf/ofu' Ajlt j k|lta4tfoft rLg ;/sf/ofu'
ef/tofu' z}lIfs Vono\ ci6]lnofofu' kx'Froft ef/t+
lzIff s"6gLltof gf+ Ao"u' b' cn] y'lsof AofSs tfl/km
n;s'; ofMu' b' . ci6lnofnL laZjlaBfnoto\u' l8u|L yMu'
g+ ofMu' b' .
x] b]zo\ RjgfM Ajgfsfo\ kmOu' h";f laBfyL{t lkg] d]u'
g]kfn+ g+ yMu' b]zoft lzIffofu' cGt//.li6o s]Gb|
b]zo\ jg]u' oSsf] x] sd HjL w}u'nL Oldu' laZjf; b' .
y's]F ofgfM O{, wg, j OHht aro\ ofgfM lgu" b] bYjLof bo]s]u' vM;f ;/sf/+ lzIff If]qo\ AofSs Wofg aLdfMu'
lyly ;dembf/L j ;xof]u ofo]u'nL cg"s'n jftfj/0f b' . cn] b]zof k|fyldstfto\u' ;"rLno\ lzIff s"6gLltoft
l;h{gf h'O{ w}u' vFo\ g+ Old;+ laZjf; ofMu' b' . lab]zL NjMu' yfo\ aLdfMu' b' . g]kfn ;/sf/+ ofo] dfMu' d]u' Hoft
laZjlaBfnoto\t yMu' b]zo\ :jtGq k+ b'sfo]u'nL dWo] Sjo\ laof t}u' 5'+ Hofo\ ljz]if Wofg aLdfM
ef/to\ laafb bO x] Rj+u' b' . cy];f+ sfg'gL Aoa:yfkfv]+ lzIffofu' ah]6 dufM, ufSs aL dfn . gfk+ z}lIfs
lgb]{lzt sfo{qmd+ laafboft 5'+ xb ts dTy/ ofo] kmOu'
g]t[Tjo\ dg" to]ano\ of]Uo dg" Noo]u'nL laz]if Wofg
laZjf; g+ Olds] b' .
aLdfM .
ci6]lnof j ef/tof bYjL z}lIfs ;DaGw aNnfs]u' lzIffoft Aofkf/of a:t' bo]s] daLu'of gfk+ ;fd'bflos
z}lIfs ;+:yfto\t aNnfsf o+sfM u'0f:t/Lo lzIff aLt
sfo{qmdto\t k|efjsf/L ko\ ;~rfng ofo]t lgu"
;Ifd ofo]u' kfv] k|efjsf/L knfM Gxfs]dfM .
b]z bYjLofu' 5u" ;+o'Qm lzIff kl/ifb Australia India
Education Council (AIEC) u7g ofMu' b' . ef/tofu' dfgj d]du
] ' b]zof :t/Lo lzIffoft g+ pko'Qm zt{of cfwf/o\
;+;fwg dGqfno+ ci6]lnof hs dv' cd]l/sf j lzIffof
cfGtl/s Aoa:yf ldn] ofgfM hs b'Yofs]dfM . Oldt
d]du] ' zlQm s]Gb|to\u' z}lIfs sfo{qmdto\t ef/to\ b'Yofs]u'
lzIff Aofkf/of a:t' ofs] aL dHo" .
s'6g}lts rfnoft dfSj dxTj aLu' ofgf xMu' b' .
:yfgLo z}lIfs sfo{qmdt j a}b]lzs sfo{qmdto\
hg u0ftGq rLgofu' lzIff dGqfnog+ yf}FsGx] ltlg
bYjL 5+' e]befj dt;] lgu'ln+ lsl;dof z}lIfs
cGt//fli6o lzIffof If]qo\ ;lqmo h'of jMu' b' . lzIff
;+:yft;]+ clwsf/ b"u' ;+:yfkfv]+ k|Tofogof k|df0fkq
If]qo\ cGt///fli6o ;xof]u ysfo]u' j z}lIfs cfbfgk|bfg
(accreditation certificate) sfo] kmo]dfM .
sfo{qmdoft k|j4{g ofo]t lrlgof ;/sf/of pRrkbo\
lglZrt p2]Zoof nfuL lkg]ofu' z}lIfs hgzlQmoft
Rj+lk+ kbflwsf/Lt, lab]zL /fhg]tft, lzIffdGqLt, /fhb"tt,
u'An]+ u'An]+ Hofofs] Ao";f+ b]zo\ Rj+lk+ z}lIfs j
cd]l/sL laZjlaBfnoto\u' pks'nklt j cWoIft, ax'/fli6o
k|zf;lgs hgzlQm k|of]u ofo]dfM .
;+:yfgto\u' sfo{sf/L k|d'vt, cGt//fli6o a[lQlasf;
sfo{qmdto\ k|d'vt j d]lkF ;DalGwt dg"t gfkof d'gf lqe'jg laZjlaBfno cyjf clwsf/ b'u' d]u' lgsfokfv]+
dfGotf laof tMu' lab]zL laZjlaBfnoto\u' z}lIfs
Hofo\ Ao:t h'Ou' h'of jMu' b' . Old;+ lrgLof j
Hofe\mjt ;~rfng ofo]t hs :jLs[lt aLdfM .
cd]l/sL j}1flgsto\u' a}7s -@))(_, rLgo\ cWoog
;DaGwL sfo{zfnf uf]i7L, rLgci6]lnof pRrlzIff d~r lab]zL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ofOu' jf dofOu' bSsf]
31
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
z}lIfs ;+:yf+ yMu' s"n cfDbfgLof slDtno\g+ !&
k|ltzt ;+:yfofu' cg';Gwfg cj;/ Pj+ Ifdtf
clej[l4 j d]d]u' z}lIfs sfo{qmd k|j4{g ofo]t
cn] 5u" k|ltzt u|fdL0f z}lIfs sfo{qmd s]lGb|o
sf]if -g]kfn ;/sf/+ :yfkgf ofo] dflgu'_ of nfuL
cnu tof aLdfM .

cf+lzs O{no\ Hof ofgfM w]af sdfo] ofgfM AjgLlkGt

Hof ofo]u' cj;/ g+ bo]dfM .

:j:y k|fl1s jftfj/0fo\ pRr u'0f:t/of lzIff aL

k'm;f hs lab]zL laBfyL{t ;fn] kmO . g]kfnofu' laz]iftf
w}u' g]kfnofu' k|fs[lts Pj+ ;f+:s[lts lalawtf vM . ps]
GxfOk's]u' j cWoog cg';Gwfg ofo]u' oSsf] cj;/
ufFof z}lIfs Hofjno\ aMaLlk+ :s"n cyjf SofDk;oft aLu' Aoa:yf h";f lab]zL laBfyL{to\t cfslif{t ofo]kmO .
z}lIfs ;]jf s/ jf d]d]u' bSsf] lsl;dof s/kfv]+ vnf g]kfnofu' ;DaGw 5+' b]zgfk g+ afFdnfM dh" cy];f+
3lgi7tf cKj]s]t wfM;f ;DalGwt b]zof laBfyL{t b'xf+
d'Qm ofo]dfM .
laZjof yLyL k|ltli7t z}lIfs ;+:yft gfk z}lIfs jOu'nL+ tMw+u' aMAo" . b]zofu' cfly{s pGglt j s'6g}lts
k|j4{gof nfuL lzIff s"6gLltofu' k|of]u oSsf] Hofv]n] b' .
lxnfa'nfof HofjMt ;~rfng ofo]dfM .
y'sL plrt /fhg}lts Ro"tfof h/t b' .
g]kfnofu' ljz]iftfoft Wofgo\ tofM cWoog j
lab]zo\ Rj+lk+ g]kfnLt;]+ g]kfnofu' lzIff s"6gLltoft
cg';Gwfgof yk HofjMt ;~rfng ofo]dfM .
Ajn+st] tMw+u' aMaLk'm . g]kfnof lzIff:t/ ysfo]t lab]zo\
bSsf] z}lIfs ;+:yfto\u' k|fl1s jftfj/0fo\ k+unM RjgfM yMlkG;+ sdfo\ ofgfu' 1fg b]zof nfuL g+ pknAw
dh'Os]t ;/sf/, bSsf] /fhg}lts kf6L{t j Old h'O dfn . gfk+ Gx"u' z}lIfs a}1flgs pks/0ft j ps]t
eft[ ;+u7gto\u' k|lta4tf bo]dfM .
k|of]u ofo]u' k|ljlw g+ b]zo\ kmSsf] oSsf] b'Yofs]u'nL g+
cfls, ;fd'bflos j gLlh SofDk;o\ lzIfs h'ofM oSsf] aM aLk'm . lab]zof yL yL :t/Lo laZjlaBfnot
Aj+s]t s]lGb|o :t/ofu' of]Uotf k/LIff (eligibility gfk ;xof]u :jfs]u' j Ajn+s]u'of nfuL lzIff /fhb"tof
test) pQL0f{ ofo] dfMu' Aoa:yf ofo]dfM . b]z ko\ Hof ofo]u' lhDdf sfo]km' . Gxfy] ofgfM g+ g]kfnof
;+3Lotfno\ j+;l] n cfM bo]sLu' ;+3Lo ;/sf/+ k|bz
] pRrlzIffof u'0f:t/ ysofM g]kfnoft pRrlzIffof nfuL
:t/ofu' of]Uotf k/LIff sfo]k'm, cy];f+ k|b]z :t/of cGt//fli6o cfsif{0f bo]s]t oSsf] UjfxfnL ofo]k'm .
hs k/LIff pQL0f{ ofOlk+ lzIfs+ j x] k|b]z b'g]of laz]if ofgfM k|fl1s If]qo\ Hof ofgfRj+lk+ k|fWofks,
SofDk;o\ hs :og]u' Hof ofo] bO .
cg';Gwfgstf{, laBfyL{ j ;sn ljz]if1to\;+ yMlk+ Hof
SofDk; j laZjlaBfnoto\u' cg';Gwfg HofjMoft ofgf Rjgfu' laZjlaBfno, dxflaBfno, cg';Gwfg s]Gb|
Aoal:yt ofo]t j ;xof]u aLt s]lGb|o :t/of j yLyL k|fl1s ;+:yfgfk ;xof]u :yfkgf ofgfM g]kfnofu'
lzIff s"6gLltof cjwf/0ff j sfo{qmdoft k|efjsf/L ko\
cg';Gwfg kl/ifb u7g ofo]dfM .
GxAj]s]t j Ajn+s]t lqmofzLn h'ofM lzIff s"6gLltof
lab]zL laBfyL{to\ nfuL ufSs 5fqfjf;of Joj:yf dfWod+ /fli6o s"6gLltoft g+ aMaLu'of nfuL lab]zo\
h'OdfM .
Rjgf Rj+lk+ g]kfnLto\ bYjL 5u" cGt//fli6o cleofg
5fqj[lQofu' dfSj Aoa:yf h'OdfM .
rno\ ofo]u' Hof cfM GxAjfs] xyfo\ h'n .
k|f= 8f= sdn s[i0f hf]zL laZjlaBfno cg'bfg cfof]u, g]kfnof k"j{cWoIf
j lqe'jg laZjlaBfno, sLlt{k'/, g]kfnof k"j{pks'nklt vM .

32
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

uyf+d'uM rMx]
5sM b'jfn] ===

gvMrvM b'g] a}1flgstf ;'nfRj+u' b', k|s[lt ln;] Eono\

k'+s GXofsf jofRj+u' b' . yy] gvMrvM xg]u' jno\
:jlguMno\ bsno\ Gxfkf+ >fj0f s[i0fkIf !$ yy] wOu'
lbNnf uf rMx] v'Gx' nfMjM . Yj v'Gx' dfg]ofOu' gvM
x] uyf+d'uM rMx] vM . Yj gvMoft 306fs0f{ g+ wfo]u'
ofM . 306fs0f{ wOu' Gxfo\k+go\ uF 3fgf tMDx wOu' cy{o\
jO . uyf+du' Moft ylgOano\ lt+slyof :jKjfFo\ tofM yg]u'
ofOu'ln+ lqkb ;+j/ e}/jg+ wfo]u' ofM . lqkb wOu'
lqzlSt cyf{t ;To, /h j td vM .
uyf+du' M yLyL gf+of gfk gfk+ y'lsOt d]u' k|tLs ld;f
al5 ldh+ al5 cyjf cw{gf/]Zj/of sy+ g+ sfM . pls+
uyf+d'uno\ ug ug+ 5v] dfF ln+u d]v] afM ln+ug+ Rjof
to]u' ofM . cy] x] ug ug+ e}/j j clhdfof VjfMkfM
jf /fIf; j nl;+ofgfM w+jf ts+ tofM VjfMkfM Rjof
tMu' bORjgL . pls+ofgf emLu' ;dfho\ uyf+d'uM BMoft
e"t g+ wfo]u' rng b' pls+ uyf+d'uM jfo] o+sLu'oft e"t
jfo] o+s]u' g+ wfo]u' ofM . cy]x] snfsf/to\;+ gf6]Zj/of
sy+ g+ dfg] ofM .

/]0f' >]i7
g]kfM

uyf+d'uMof yLyL kIfof gfk gfk+ Yj gvM xgfof

d]u' kIf 5u" s[lif ln;]+ :jfk" b' . g]kfM b] s[lif k|wfg
b]of gfd+ xlndo\ ao\ ao\ h"u' b] vM . yy] s[lif k|wfg
b]zo\ l;gfHof cyf{t jfkLHof l;wo]sfM l;gfHof Ao+su] '
wsfM l;gfHof l;wMlklgu' 5]F 5]Fo\ l;gfHof Ao+lsO .
jflkOu' Ono\ jfKo" jg]u,' Ajnfk"jg]dfnf RjgLu' x'lg+ 5]Fo\
;'r's'r' ofo] lndnfgf RjgLu'ln+ 5]Fo\ kmf]x/ h'ofRj+u'
bO . pls+ Yj uyf+d'uM gvM v'Gx' 5]F ;kmf ;'3/ ofgfM
laZjdfg lrqo\ 5s"rf yfo\ g+ To]nfMtMu' yfo\ kmf]x/t jf+5\jofM gL;L ofgfM yM yMu' Dx+ g+ z'4Ls/0f
emLu' b] g]kfM laZjo\ lrSrfw+;f+ ygof snf ;+:s[lt ofo]u' rng b' .
t;s+ tMw+ . snf ;+:s[lt tlhnlh+ x] j b]of Dx;Lsf+
RjGXofO . emL g]kfMldlk+ tlhnlh xg]u'lnO t;s+ tMld
wsfM xlndo\ gf+hfM .

cg+ln axgL yMyMu' 5];

F + EouM cyjf af}kfMrfo\ Dj+,
Rjsfalh, :j+nf, lx, dfo\, sM Yj+, 5fMrf, l;Gsfo\
sfkt+ lxgfM bo]sf tMu' OtfM RofsfM 5]F Rj+Sjl;+of
k"hf ofgfM e"t, k|]t, dle+lk+ cflb ;sn]+ Kofxf+ jg]df
wsfM b'jfto\ af} jfo] o+lsO . yy] af} jfo] o+s] GXoM
5]FhM ;s:of+ go] l;wo]s]dfM .

wfO tlhnlh wOu' x] ;dfhof Gxfo\s+ vM . Yjx]

tlhnlh+ Djfsf to]u' afFnfMu' kIf wOu' x] gvM rvM vM .
emL k"vf{lk+;+ laofys"u' 5u" sy+of gf;f]oft lg/Gt/tf
laof tOu' x] gvMrvM vM . emL k"vf{to\;+ O{ AoMof dfMu'
sy+of g;fTj+;ft Hj/]ofgfM gof jofRj+u' 5u" sy+of
k4lt x] gvMrvM vM . :jo]ano\ ;fdfGo vg]b;
' f+ yLyL
33
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
Yj gvMn+ ;s:of+ jf lkO l;wMls dwMlg wOu'
;LbofRjgL . uy]ls uyf+d'uM ano\ jf lkO l;dwn
wfM;f Old;+ e"t jfo] o+lsO dv' jf lkO l;wn wfM;f
hs e"t jfo] o+sL . uyf+d'uMano\ jflkO l;dwn wfM;f
u'Gx'k'lGx v'Gx' jofM e"t jfo] o+sL . pls+ Yj gvMoft
tKo+s s[lif gfk :jfk" b"u' gvM wfM;f+ 5'+ cTo'ltm db' .

slNn GXoflsO;f ld:to\ Nxfto\, n'l;O nFo\rf tofM

5u" sy+of >[+uf/ ofo]u' g+ ofM . yy] Nxfto\, n'l;O
tMu' n+]o\rf lshfk"hf ts+ dj+s l;twfM;f blDa, Gxo\la
hGd sfO wOu' g+ 5u" wfk' b' .
y'sy+ ;'y+ lg;]+ b'jfto\ ygftMDx uyf+du' Moft ;GWof
Ono\ ;'+ g 5Dx dg'oft EouMrf Hj+sfM Dxo\ j hGkmfto\
yLyL sy+of lrq RjofM w]af km\js
+ fM cfh' b] xf== = = chfho]
b] xf wfo]sfM lnkf wf}alh gsfM ygftMDX+ uyf+d'uM
SjMynf plsO BMg] j dg" kmo]t'sfM v'l;O ;fnf o+sfM
Sjrfo]lsOu' rng b' .

l;gfHof l;wMu'of ;+s]tof ?ko\ sfOu' Yj gvMof

Oltxf; wfo]u' vM;f Yj gvM Gx"u' nf kSsf g+ dv'
Yj uyf+d'uM gvM wOu' %)(of uf]kfn /fh j+zfjnLof
kfno\ lg;]+ xgf jofRj+u' vg]b' . cem wfo]u' vM;f 5u"
sy+of ;/;kmfOof cleofgof ?ko\ GofOu' Yj gvMoft
cgln axgL yMyMu' 5]F;+ EouM cyjf af}kfMrfo\ Dj+,
!)))bF :jofM GXoMof gvM vM wfo]km' .
Rjsfalh, :jFnf, lx, dfo\, sM Yj+, 5fMrf, l;Gsfo\ sfkt+
Yj uyf+d'uM gvM bsn] Gxfkf+ jOu' gvMof ?ko\ lxgfM bo]sf tMu' OtfM RofsfM 5]F Rj+Sjl;+of k"hfofgf
sfOu' vM;f+ Yj gvM xgLu' rng wfM;f ef}uf]lns yfo\ e"t, k|]t, dle+lk+ cflb ;sn]+ lkxf+ jg]df wsfM b'jfto\ af}
afo\ cg';f/ yLyL sy+ ofgfM xgf jofRj+u' b' .
jfo\ o+lsO . yy] af} jfo] o+s] GXoM 5]F hM ;s:of+ go]
Yj gvM xgLu' jno\ wfo]u' vM;f YjOt rvM wfo]u' l;wo]s]dfM . u'Dx u'Dx]l;of yf}+of lb+;+ Ejo\, ;do\ alh
kfo\l5 h" jM . 5fo\wfM;f YjOt sfo\drf gvM g+ wfo]u' gO;f u'Dx]l;of+ nf 5s" hs xofM hf go]u' g+ ofM .
yy] af} jfo] l;wo]sfM lnxf+ jofM n'vfklt+ Kofls+ tfo]u'
ofM . ps]+ Yjano\ d]d]lk+ kfxfF ;'+ g+ ;Mtf gs]DjfM .
rng b' . Yj Kofls+ n'vfo\ tfo]ano\ e"t k|]t b'xf+ jO
Yj uyf+d'uM rMx] yfo\yf;o\ yMyMu' kxn+ xgL . dv' wOu' hg laZjf; b' .
laz]if ofgfM Yj lb+ v'Gx' ;s:of+ gL;L ofO . yfo\yf;o\
uyf+d'uM gvM e"t k|]t ln;] t;s+ :jfk" b'u'ln+ Yj
b'jfto\ nfuf nfufo\ uyf+d'uM ygfM efh+of 5\o+ xf;fof
VjfMkf tofM lt+sly :jKjf+o\ lrgf+ e"tof k|ltsof ?ko\ lb+oft tflGqs laBf ;o]lsOlkGt t;s+ afFnfMu' lb+of
ygftO . d:t km'Ss+ xf;f kmofM hufM sofRjgL . yy] ?ko\ sof tMu' b' . s'laBf ;o]lslklg g+ Yj lb+;+
hufM sfo]u' rng Gxfkf :jof+ oSj x] Dxf] h'of jg] rfGxo\ lk7 lk7o\, d;fgo\ jgfM dGq ;fwgf ofO . y'u'
w's
+ n . Gxfkf Gxfkf yMDx+ bo]sflk+ sfkMofDx stf+dl/rft lb+;+ af]S;L laBf ;Mlk+;+ yMu' Rjnf klt+rf RofsfM z'4
b'jfto\ ygftMu' uyf+d'uno\ vfo] o+lsOu' g+ rng b' . rfGxo\ lk7 lk7o\, d;fgo\ jgf k"hf ofMjgL . t/ yf}+
olb j stf+dl/rft vfo] do+sn wfM;f e"tof ?k sofM sGx] Yj 5u" hg laZjf; hs h"jg .
r'+O r'+O xfnfM xo] oM wOu' 5u" k'nf+u' plQm b' . t/
y'sy+ g]jfMto\;+ hs xgLu' Yj gvM yLyL vFt
yf}+ sGx] Yj k/Dk/f g+ a'n"x'+ GXgfj+u' b' . uyf+d'uM v'Gx' ln;] 5u" sy+of Sjft"u' :jfk" b'u' Yj rMx]oft emL;F
;'+ e"t k|]t+ yLdkmo]s wsfM b'jfto\ ygftMDx uyf+d'uno\ lg/Gt/tf laO kmo]s]u' x] emL g]jfM h"u'of 5u" uf}/j
yLsf gFof c+u' GXofOu' rng b';f d:to\t g+ gFof vM .
do\h' /]0f' >]i7 kf6g ;+oQ' m SofDk;of Pd= P= g]kfn efiffof lgu"u' bFof Ajgfld vM .
jo\sMof cfts lkb+u' ;k"mt lkdHjMu' ;M -afv+ d'gf_ j hLjgof 3MdfM -xfOs' d'gf_ vM .

34
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

cd]l/sfo\ g]kfM Wjb'an]

8f= k'ik /fh /fhsl0{fsf/
g]kfM
lh ;g !(*% ;L Gxfkf+ v';L cd]l/sf jgfu' vM . cfM
xfg+ lhld Dxofo\g+ ;Mtf lgsf] v';L cd]l/sf jgf . ;g
@)!$ d] @# tfl/vof axgL lhlk+ n; PoGhN; Yo]g .
Nf; PonhN; Pokf]6o{ \ le+rf lhrfefh' ;'o{ k|;fb dfgGw/
sfM jof Rjg . ;'o{ k|;fbof uf8LO RjgfM lhlk+ josMof
5]oF \ jgf . 5]oF \ le+rf ;lxi0f' dfgGw/ a]ln hf]/] ofgfM lkof
Rjg . vF NxfNxf+ a]ln ofgf . le+rf kl/jf/ ;lxt cd]l/sf
jMu' lembF bo] w's
+ n . lembFof b'g] le+rf by'O lgsf] g]kfM
Yo+u' b';f le+rf lhrfefh' j kl/jf/lk+ gfk dnfu' lembF bo]
w's
+ n . yf} GxofOk'u' ldng h'n . yy] GxofOk'u' ldngof
gfk+ ;fSs a]ln ofgfM Bgf .

yMu' yfo\ afo\ b] TjMtf jo]3'+s"lk+ y'lds] yMu'

efiff ;+:s[lt j hftLo cg'/fu No]gf Rj+u'
vgf . yg jMlk+ dWo] u'lnv] l8 le nfgfM jlk+ jf
z/0ffyL{ h'of Rjlk+ jf ygof gful/s h'O 3'+s"lk
b' . u'ln+ z/0ffyL{ h'Ot nF Rjgf Rjlk+ g+ b' . yYo]
yMu' :jOR5f+ yMu' b] TjMtf jMlks] g+ yMu' efiff
;+:s[lt hftL k|lt] dfof ddtf bof Rj+u' x] b' .

;'yo\ sf}nf ofo] w's

+ f le+rf j le+rf lhnfh+ gfk+ rfxo"
jgf . nFo\ jof Rjgf an] ;'o{ k|;fb+ axgL ;a{ zfSo w}Dx
jo\sMof kf;fof j'lb+ Ejo\ jg]u' wof lbn . lhldt g+ Ajgf
o+su] ' xF . lh+ Dxd:o"yfo uy] jg]u' DxfM wof . t/ ;'o{
k|;fb+ cg oSsf] g]kfnLt gfk nfO, jg]dfM, ;sn] jg]u'
wof lbn .
;lgno\ lhlk+ ;sn]+ ;a{ zfSoof yfo\ jgf . oSsf]
x] g]kfnLt gfk nft . ch"rfofk's lhldyfo\ xf}uM ofDx
;'/G] b zfSo gfk nft, lhu' 5]o\ GxofAn] jof RjgLDx lhld
tMlwsMDx Dxofo\ l;t'of t;s+ ldn] h"Dx kf;f dlgtf yfkf
gfk nft . t;s+ GxofOk'n . l8 le nfgfM cd]l/sf jDx+
;'/G] b zfSo j dlgtf yfkf cd]l/sfo\ b' wsf Gxfkf+ x]
:o", t/ cd]l/sfof u'u' yf;o\ wsfM d:o" . yf} cfsfemfsf+
gfknft . cd]l/sfo\ Rjgf Rj+lk+ yM lylt OlGb/f, /Tg
dGbL/flk+ g+ gfk nft .

le+rfof Yffo\ 5jfM RjgfM zfGtfSnf/fo\ Dxofo\of yfo\

jof . cg RjgfM hf]5L yfo\ yf;o\ rflxnfM @$ cui6
@)!$ v'g' as{n] dl/gf kfs{ wfMyfo\ g]jfMto\u' lkslgso\
jgf . lhlko;o\ dl/gf kfs{ wsfM tofM lhlko;+ n+ So+
sy+ jgflk+ lhlk+ dl/gf kfs{o\ hf Yo]g, t/ cg ;'+ db' .
Uj;fM vnM dWo]ofDx 5Dx df]xLgL tfd|fsf/oft kmf]g+ :jfk"
tof+ !^) o'lgel;{6L ce]Go" no\ jf wfn . lhlk+ cg x]
jgf . df]6/+ lemu" ldg]6 lt jg] w's
+ f as{n] dl/gf kfs{
a'lb+of n;tfo\ h"u' Yj Hofjno\ u'ln+ go] Tjg] ofgf
wfu' vg] bt . lkslgs cg x] h'of Rjg .
Rjg, u'ln+ Do] xfnf Rjg, Kofv+ x'nf Rjg . lnkf le+tg' f
yy] nF gfM lhlk+ erf lnaft . lhlk+ cg Yo+jn] 5Dx
dgtAo laOu' Hof g+ h'n . Yj jno\ GjjfgfbLlk+ dWo]
5Dx l;g+ HjHjnkf wfMu' Gog] bofM lhu' dg no]tfn . efh'+ g]jfM j g]jfM ;+:s[lt cno\ cd]l/sfo\ Rj+lk+ g]jfMtou'
Yj emLu' hftLo eflifs r]tgf xlndo\ Go]gf jgf Rj+u' of kxrx af/] Gjr' laof Rjg . lnkf l;n, jo\sM xln+ g]jfM
u'lyof b'hM h'of Rjg .
bl; y]+ lh+ vgf .
35
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

lh+ ba"nL 5sM rfsMln+ ldvf Jjof . lnpg]of

c+uno\ 5kfM tkfMu' kf}ef cn] ps]of Bf]g] cd]l/sfof
Wjfo\ ltsf tMu' b' . c+uno\ lnw+sfM t]lan tof tMu' b' .
t]lanof Bf]g] e}/j j nfv]of ttMkfu' VjfkfMt cn] u+
5uM g+ tof tu' b' . ba'nL lgu" :j+u" d]r g+ b' . ba"of
bsn] Gxof]g] by'O nfs wnf}6ofDx tlwsMDx u0f]Bf],
hjo\ TjfMb]jf, yfo]u' 8d 5uM j vjo\ kfv] lwd] 5uM
j ps]of Bf]g] e':ofM 5h' tof tMu' b' . u0f]Bf]oft ;do
5Aj g+ GxoRofsf tMu' b' . Rjo] sfkMof Onf+ b' . Onf+of
s'go\ s'go\ emNn/ b'u' s';f, rfOgLh jf hfkfgLh y]+
Rj+u' s';ft rs+sfM ltof tMu' b' . Onf+of Gxof]go] fu'
Ajo\ by'Onfs t'o"u' sfkto\ /+uLg 5]k" 5Dx RjofM
ltsf tMu' b' . ps]of Sj;+ ttMuf]u' cfvn+ Rjof tMu'
b' ;doalh AjHof .
;doalh AjHof wf;f+ cg go]t alh, 5f]onf, v],F
Sjflt, a"aM, jfprf, k+rSjfM, h'NaL, crf/, t/sf/L, cf],
wf} cfbL g]jfM g;fof gfk+ ;df];f, lkhf, ;fo08jLr cflb
g+ tof tMu' b' . 5Dx]l;g+ 5tf 5tf g;f yMu' OR5fg';f/
-Hjgf jo] dfMu' h'of Rjg_ yg y'so] ft k6 nu ofo]u'
wfOu' h'ofRjg . lhld;+ g+ yg 5tf wf;f bo]sfM Hjgf
jgfu' .
Do] xfn]u' KofvF x'nu] ' Hof g+ h'n . u'lnl;g+ g]jfM
Do] xfn, u'lnl;g+ vFo\ Do] xfn, u'lnl;g+ lxGbL Do] g+

xfn . g]jfM Do]o\ Kofv+ x"lk g+ b', vFo\ Do]o\ Kofv+ x"lk+ g+
b', lxGbL Do]o\ Kofv+ x"lk+ g+ b' . g]jf gvM rvM n'ds
+ ] y]+
NjfsMa'sM Do] g+ xfn . cg+ xfMu' 5s"rf Do] yy] b' M
Nff 5s" jo]s ;do alh
jn jn k'n' lsl;
of]dl/ Rjfd' ps] b'g] xfd'
Ao"Dx Nof;] dAo"Dx a'l/ s'lt
dxfBf]of Os', u0f]Bf]of lrs'
sMlg d':of l;Ot l;+ lgsf lt
Do]o\ vFUjMt ldn] dh";f+, t's]| p:tfbof Do] yy] h";f+
Yj Do+] emLu' gvM rvMof n'dGtL lan . cem bsno\ lnkf
a;M j VjfMkf k'ofM e}/j j nfvo\ Kofv+ x'OsfM ;sn]
No"No" jgfM 5rfM rfxo" jn cg oFGofof ememNsf] jn .
cg g]jfM a;M k'gfjMlk+ g+ b' . cem g]jfM efif+ vF
Nxfgf Rj+lk+ hf oSsf] x] b' . lrlrlwsMlk+ d:tgfk+ g]jfMefif+
v+Nxfgf Rj+u' vgf . dg t;s+ no]tfn . GxofOk';] g+ Rjg .
5Dx lgDx dg"t gfk+ Dxl;sf sfnlan ofgfM vF
Nxfgf . g]jfM b] ba"of af/] g+ 5'+ 5'+ vF Gxo]ygf . xln
g]jfM u'lyof /fh]z >]i7h'+ g]jfM b]o ba"of NoHof h'O
dkm'uo' f af/] Ro"tfM So]gf lbn . yy] g]jfMto\u' /fli6o
;+u7g g]jfM b] ba"of af/] g]jfM b] b'go] f g]jfto\ hs dv'
g]jfM lkg]of g]jfMto\s] g+ Ro"tf b'u' h'of Rjg . lawfg
;+;f]wgof k|so[ f Gxofgf Rj+u' j ofsg+ ;d:of Hog]km'u'
vF sgf . t/ lhu' yMu' x] sf/0f+ ofgfM Yj Hof l9nf
h'ofRj+u' n'dgfM dg erf lklk Roft . lawfg d;f}bf
sldl6of No" slh lh .
kf;flkt+ nTof+ lnxf+ jo] cn] lawfg d;f}bfof Hof,
sf]rfo]s] wofM jofu' . yg cd]l/sf jofu' :jnf bo]
w's
+ n, lnxf+ jg] km'u' dv'lg . g;f, Aj;f, efiffof Nofv+
ljg]jfM tTj 5'+ 5'+ Njfs Hof;f+ HofjM oft kmSsf], g]jfM
kxMaLt :jMu' vg]b' . lnxf+ jo] Too]sf HofjM Gxofsf
Rjgf bLDx efh' cd[t sdf{rfo{oft gfk nfgfM HofjMoft
Rj5f;] Ajlt sfo] v+un
' L no]tf Kj+sf . jf:tjo\ 5'+ lb+
Gxof] df]xLgL tfd|fsf/of 5]oF \ gfknfM an] jo\sn+ x] Yj
Hofjno\ jo]t AjgfbLu' vM . jo\sMoft oSsf] oSsf]
;'efo\ laof Rjg .
yMu' yfo\ afo\ b] TjMtf jo]3s
+' l" k+ y'lds] yMu' efiff

36
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
;+:s[lt j hftLo cg'/fu No]gf Rj+u' vgf . yg jMlk+
dWo] u'lnv] l8= le= nfgfM jMlk+ jf z/0ffyL{ h'of Rjlk+ jf
ygof gful/s h'O 3's
+ l" k b' . u'ln+ z/0ffyL{ h'Ot nF Rjgf
Rjlk+ g+ b' . yy] yMu' :jOR5f+ yMu' b] TjMtf jMlks] g+
yMu' efiff ;+:s[lt hflt k|lt] dfof ddtf bof Rj+u' x] b' .
efiff ;+:s[ltoft ef}uf]lns l;df+ lrgf to] dkm' vlg . Yj
vgfM lhtM 5k' lrgfvF Rjo] jn . lrgfvF yy] b' M
g]kfn+ lkg] g]kfM Wab"an]
Wjb'n, yf} g]kfM Wjb'n
g]kfn+ tfkfs g]kfM Wjb'n
b]z+ tfkfMlklg g'uno\ b] Wjb'n .
;do\alh g+ yg x] go] bt
Nffvo\ Kofv+g+ yg x] :jo] bt
Dfrfto\ Dx'tO' g]jf ;M tfo] bt
g]kfno\ t+u' x] yg n'of jn .

lwd] e':ofof ;M Goft

/fhdlt Kofv+ x'n
Nffafs, nfafs k'nl' sl; jn
lemlnSs lemlnSs l;Nnfof ld Roft .
dgo\ b'g] b] tofM
b]z+ lkg] b] Ajn
stM b]zo\ yMTj No+sfM
g]kfn d08n Ajo] xn .
Wjb'n, yf} g]kfM Wjb'n
Gf]kfn+ tfkfs g]kfM Wjb'n
b]z+ lkg] g+, g]jfM g'uno\
g]kfn d08n Wjb'n .
y'n lh+ y'n
yf} afFnfs x] y'n
g'uno\ g]kfM b';f GxofAn] g]kfM b'
dg;+ g]kfM b';f Gxofyf;+ g]kfM b' .

efh' 8f= k'ik /fh /fhsl0f{sf/ g]kfn efiffof gf+hfDx Rjld vM . jo\sn+ lrgfvF, ;dfnf]rgf j 5wfM
KofvF Rjof bL . jo\sMof Gxfkf+u' lrgfvF 5u" ofqf g]= ;+= !)(@ ;+ ;l;jfo\ lkb+u' vM;f Gxfkf+u'
lrgfvF ;k"m jt{dfg+ j]Ko"u' slr3fM g]= ;+= !!)! ;+ lkb+u' vM .

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt Gx"Fbof leGt'gf

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Sagar Shrestha & Family
Aurora, Illinois

37
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Dr. Sudersan Man Tuladhar
&
Anita Tuladhar
Silver Spring, Maryland

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1137

Dr. Ujjwal Tuladhar and Dr. Pragya Dhaubhadel
Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania
38
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

:jlguMof clu+dyMt

;'wL/ Vjla
g]kfM

yf}+sGxo\ j yfo\ BMkfMnfMof ;fdfgt to]u'

ofgftMu' b' . wfld{s j ;fF:s[lts Hofof nflu+
;DalGwt lgsfo kfv]F 5'+ sy+of UjfxfnL daLu'
k|jl[ Q k+rfotsfn+ lg;]+ yf}o
+ f u0ftflGqs o"uo\
g+ Yj k|j[lQO Xo"kfM jMu' vg] db' .
ld dfgj hLjgof nflu+ dbo]s dufMu' tTj vM,
u'u'ls 5'+ g+ ax'd"Nou' a:t' :jofM g+ t;s+ x] dxTjk"0f{
h" . ld cfWoflTds j ef}lts lasf;of k"jf{wf/ hs dv';]
k|f0fLto\u' nflu+ dbo]s dufMu' phf{ g+ vM . kfiff0f o"uo\,
ldof >[li6 dh"lgu' Ono\, can]of k[YjLO b'lk+ k|f0fLto\u'
hLjgof sNkgf ofo]u' cfMof o"uo\ ch'rfofk'u' vF
h'O . dfgj ;Eotfof lasf;s|d GXoHofgfjMu' Ono\ ldof
l;h{gf cfsfzo\ TjOu' xfanf;fof k|]/0ffo\ NjxF NjfsfM
ofOu' Hof h'n;f, lnkf ldk|lt ;r]t h'ofM plsoft
ax'd"No a:t' sy+ ;+ro ofo]u' ofgf xn .
y'sy+ ldoft ;+ro ofgf o+s]u' em\jno\ clu+dyMof
cjwf/0ff lasl;t h'n . clu+dyMof af/] g]kfn dxfTDoof
lxdjt\ v08 k'/f0fof ** cf}+ cWofoo\ GXoygf tMu' b' .
clu+dyM b'g] a}lbs k"hflalwof k/Dk/f sy+ o1 xf]d
OToflb cfMts g+ GXofsfjofRj+u' blg . y'sy+ ldoft

k|fs[lts ?k+ l;h{gf ofo]u' cfwf/ jf tl/sf, ldof ;+ro

j ;+/If0f j k/Dk/f cfMts+ No+blg w}u' b;' :jlguM b'go] f
on, o]F, ;Sj j km+lkof clu+dyMto\t sfo]k'm .
clu+dyMof ;Gbe{o\ lsDjbGtL
g]kfn dxfTDoof lxdjt\ v08 k'/f0fo\ GXoygftMu'
lsDjbGtL sy+ 4fk/ o"uof c+t c+to\ lbj\oeb| j ;fljqL
gf+of lgDx Tok" a|fDx0f u+uf :gfg ofo]u' em\jno\ lbj\oeb|
hs v'l;O s't'+ jgfM 5Dx uf]xLof k+hfo\ nfMan] j?0f
b]jtf+ pWbf/ ofgfM a|Dxnf]so\ o+s"u' h'n . yM efMt
v'l;O s't'+ jgfM a]kQf h'ofM t;s+ lanfk ofMu' Go]gfM
j?0f b]jtf 5Dx a|fDx0fof e]ifo\ k|s6 h'ofM j a|fDx0fLoft
en;f Ao";]+, jof efMt a|Dxnf]so\ Yog] w'+s"u' vF sgfM,
sly 5k' laofM, Yj sly HjgfM tLy{ofqfo\ jg]an] afo\
Rjg] yfo\ Yj slyoft rfo\ :jygf aLano\ ug yf;o\
Yj slyO r'ln hfof jO, j yf;o\ jof efMtoft gfknfO
wsfM wfO .
cg+ j a|fDx0fL tLy{ ofqfo\ j+u' KobF lnkf 5u" v'l;of
l;yo\ j?0f b]jtf+ wfMy]+ jof efMt gfknfO . Olk+ j yf;o\
Rjg]u' ofO . j yf;o\ Rj+lk+ dg"t t;s+ c;"/ :jefjlk+
h"u'ln+ Oldt b'Mv hs laof Rjlgu' h'ofM Olk+ j yfo\
TjMtfM jg]t afWo h'O . j yf;+ tfkfSs jo] w'+sfM lnkmM
:jOan] Old;+ j yf;o\ ld bgbg RofgfRj+u' vgL . Yj
n" vF;l] n clUg b]jtfoft k|0ffd ofgfM j nfufo\ clu+dyM
kln:yf ofMu' w}u' vF k'/f0fo\ GXoygf tMu' b' .
onof clu+dyM
Yj clu+dyM onof j8f g+ !(of ya' Tjfno\ cal:yt
h'of Rj+u' b' . Yj clu+dyM u'ln k'nf+u' vM w}u' vFof
k|fdfl0fstf cg tof tMu' :j+u" lznfkq dWo] 5u" lznfkqo\

39
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
g]kfn ;Djt\ %@# a}zfs
s[i0fkIf NofM lg3f} o'j/fh
ho wd{ dNn b]jtf pNn]v
ofgf tMu' b' .
Yj clu+dyMof ld k|fs[lts
?k+ x] lksofM kln:yf ofo]u'
ofO . Yj clu+dyM b'g] Gofu"
s'08 bo]sf tMu' b' . a|Dx
s'08, ?b| s'08, lai0f' s'08,
;"o{ s'08 j dl0f s'08 . lai0f'
s'08 j a|Dx s'08of by'O ;d'b|of k|tLsof ?ko\ nM
GXofsf tMu' b' . clu+dyM b'g] u0f]z, gfu/fh ssf]{6s,
laZjsdf{, s'df/L j l;l2u0f]z gfk+ ## sf]6L b]aL b]atft
kln:yf ofgf tMu' b' . clu+dyM kl/;/ b'gR] j+u' Ej;'gfRj+u'
l;dfoft j?0f l;df wfo]u' ofM .

Yj clu+dyMof dfGotf yf}+sGxo\ g+ a}lbs k'hf lalw

sy+ dg"to\u' u|xbzf zfGt ofo]u'of nflu+ ofgf jofRj+u'
b' . Yj yf;o\ a'lbFan] xf]d j k'hf ofsM jO . yg blR5O
5sM WoMrfs' ;FNx" s'Gx' d]nf h'O . df3of lrs'oft Dxf]
ofo]t clu+dyMof pmhf{oft cfTd;ft\ ofgf sfo]u' hs
dv';]+ yMyMu' u|xbzf afFnfo]df, leg]df wsfM g+ j d]nfo\
oSj dg"t jo]u' ofM .
clu+dyMof k'hf j clUg k|lt:yfkgf lalw
clu+dyMof lgoldt k'hf GXofs]u'of nflu+ kfMnfM
lgo'Qm ofgfMtMu' b' . kfMnfM h'Olk+ onof clUgxf]qL vnMof
Gofu" sjM b'g]of lgDxTok' b'lk+ hs ysfnLof cfwf/o\
hs kfMnfM h'O bOu' k|fjwfg bo]sf tMu' b' . kfMnfM h'O
w'+sfM lgDxTok' dWo] 5Dx GXofDx;f+ lbj+ut h"u' cj:yfo\
Gx"Dx kfMnfMoft k'hfef/ nMNxfo]u' ofO . y'sLof nflu

clu+dyM b'g]of bSj s'08of k'g{lgdf{0f ofgfM psL xfsg+

ld k|lt:yfkgf ofo]u' ofO . t/ yf}+sGXo sldlt :jgfM
clu+dyMof ;+rfng ofgf jofRj+u' b' .
ld k|lt:yfkgfof nflu+ 5\o]lnu' ld lksfOu' lalw .
! kfifflUgM Roflkm NjxF lguM NjfsfM ldk"oft skfono\
nfsfM ld Rofs]u' ofO .
@ sfi7flUgM l;lKnsfgf] vfORjMlru' slyrf lgk'
RjQ'RjnfM 3if{0f zlQm+ lkxfF jOu' SjfMhMoft skfo\,
;fn'EjFto\ nfsfM ld Rofs]u' ofO .
# hnflUgM nv+ ld lksfOu' wfM;f+ tla Yj u'sy+ lksfO
wOu' k|lalwof af/] k"j+s hfgsf/L k|fKt dh'n .
$ ;"of{lUgM ;'B{Mof hn+ lksfOu' ld vM Yj . t/
yf}s
+ Gxo\ Yj lalw sy+ ld lksfo]t DoflUgkmfO+u Unf;
cfOUnf; 5\onfM ;fn' EjFto\ ld Rofs]u' ofO .
% zl//flUg -gflelUg_M Yj lalw sy+ ld lksfo]t
clu+dyMof Gx"Dx kfMnfMgLof Tokrfo\ skfo, x]+UjfMr"+
tofM a?0f l;dfof srf NjfsfM ld Rofs]u' ofO .
y'u' Gofu" sy+of ld lksfo]u' tl/sf pu' Ono\
hg;/f]sf/of laifo sy+ hg;fwf/0fto\t hfgsf/L aLu'of
nflu x] 5\o]nfRj+u' h'Ok'm . ldof :yfoL >f]tof k|ljlw
db'lgu' pu' cj:yfo\ ld lksfo]u' Yj k|fs[lts tl/sfoft
a}1flgs k4lt wfM;f+ 5'+ kfOdv' .
;Sjof clu+dyM
Yj clu+dyM ;Sjof uF' laxf/ u'FaxfM ah|of]lugL
b]aLof b]uM No"g] kln:yf ofgftMu' b' . ;Sj b]of lgdf{0f
dh"lgan] cg Rj+u' 5u" u'FO cy]+ x] ld Rofgfjn . lnkf
j yf;+ ah|of]lugL b]jLof g pTklt h'ofM, ah|of]lugL
b]aLof cf1f sy+ hf]ub]j ah|frfo{+ ;Sjb] z+v afFn'Os
bo]s"u' vF a+zfjnL GXoygftMu' b' .
;Sjof clu+dyM :yfkgf h';f+ lg;]+ ldof >f]tof

40
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

?ko\ 5\onfjofRj+u' b' wfOu' vF cfMtSs g uyf+d'uM

rMX/] s'Gx' blR5O 5sM, blR5O tSs RofsfM NogfRj+u'
gf}, x]+UjfM jfG5|jofM ;'r's'r' ofgfM e't'lnO Gx"u' ld to]u'
ofO . psLof nflu ah|of]lugL jgfM cgof clu+dyMof
ld sof xofM e't" Rofs]u' ofgfRj+u' rng cBflk blg .
y'sy+ ;Sjof clu+dyMof Oltxf; slnut ;Djt\
!*)! ;fn lg;]+ GXofgf jofRj+u' wfOu' vF emLu' GXoMg]
b' . :jlguM b'g] g ;'+ g dg" ;Lan] bfudt laOt
ld clu+dyn+ o+s]dfMu' h'ofRjg . ps]+ :jlguM b'g]
al:tof cfwf/+ g+ yfo\yf;o\ clu+dyMof kln:yf ofgftMu'
vM wfOu' vF k'li6 h" .
j+u' @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ j @( ut]of e'vfr+ clu+dy
toftMu' lgthfM b'u' 5]F b'gf jofM 5t+ lkofM5\jMu' b' .
lah]Zj/Lof clu+dyM
5u" b'vof vF Yj x] vM ls 5u' P]ltxfl;s k/Dk/fof
cj;fg ylg+ Goo\bF GXoM x] h'Ow's
+ u' ' h'ofRjg . clu+dyMoft
lg/Gt/tf laOt dbo]s dufMu' l;Fof aGbf]a:t ofo]dk'mu'
sf/0f+ las|d ;Djt\ @)@@ ;fn kfv] x] aGb h'Ow'+s"u'
vM . yf}+sGxo\ j yfo\ BMkfMnfMof ;fdfgt to]u' ofgftMu'
b' . wfld{s j ;f+:s[lts Hofof nflu+ ;DalGwt lgsfo
kfv]F 5'+ sy+of UjfxfnL daLu' k|j[lQ k+rfotsfn+ lg;]+
yf}+of u0ftflGqs o"uo g+ Yj k|j[lQO Xo"kfM jMu' vg]db' .

y'ln hs dv' yf}+ sGxo\ jofM ;'lgof]lht ?k+ g]jfM

;+:s[lt Gx+sf 5\jo]u' if8oGq h'ofRj+u' b' wfOu' vFo\
s'df/L BMoft lajfbo\ xo]u' s'tMoft sfo]k'm;f cfM jofM
;8s la:tf/of gfdo\ P]ltxfl;s w/f]x/t y'g]u' ;/sf/L
lg0f{ooft sfo]k'm .
km+lkof clu+dyM
Yj clu+dyM km+lk ah|of]lugL b]uM b'g] kln:yf
ofgftMu' b' . Yj clu+dyMof k'hf ofo]u' Hof on a"afxfMof
ah|frfo{to\;+ ofgf jofRj+u' b' . Yj b]uM g]kfn ;Djt
!)(! ; lh0ff]{4f/ h"u' clen]v bM;f+ tla jof+ GXoMof
clen]v ;+/lIft h"u' vg]db' .
b]uM b]jfno kl/;/o\ Rofsf t}u' w'gL
Yj x] ;Gbe{o\ :jlguMof cfkfn+ b]j:yn kl/;/of
kmNrfo\ w'gL Rofsf to]u' k/Dk/f g+ b' . rfkfufpFof
ah|af/fxL, a'+uof sfo{ljgfoso\ yf}+sGxo\ g w'lg Rofs]u'
ofgfRj+u' b' . w'lgoft clu+dyMof gf+ laOu' nf kfo]l5
h'O dv' t/ Yj g ldof ;+/If0fof 5u" ?k cjZo vM .
;du|o\, clu+dyM yfo\yf;o\ kln:yf ofgftMu'of d"
sf/0f ldof >f]tof ;+/If0f vM . ldof dfWod ;nfO,
nfO6/ y]+ hfMu' a:t'of cflaisf/ lemGofu"u' ztfAbLkfv]
hs h"u' vM . jof+ GXoMof cj:yfo\ ldoft lg/Gt/
pkof]u ofo]u'of nflu yfo\yf;o\ clu+dyMt kln:yf h"u'
vF emL;F y'Os]k'm . clu+dyMof dxTj g]jfM ;f+:s[lts ?k+
hs dv', ldof Oltxf; sy+ No]gfRj+u' /fli6o w/f]x/ j
P]ltxfl;s uf}/jof ?ko\ Yj k/Dk/foft GXofsf o+s]dfMu'
cfjZostf j dxTj oSj x] b' .
;+b{e ;fdfu|L
zdf{, P]Zjo{w/ g];+ !!)$, clu+dyMof P]ltxfl;s
;fdfu|L
vFNxfaNxfM
>Ls07 /fhf]kfWofo, on
lxl8DafgGb /fhf]kfWofo, on
k|sfzdfg >]i7, ;Sj

efh' ;'wL/ Vjla g]kfn efiffof gf+hfDx Rjld vM . jo\sMof g]kfn efiffo\ oSj ;k"m lkbg] w's
+ u" ' b' .
;f] s]z b'go
] f cfbz{ lrgfvF bsno\ Gxfkf+ dnM klqsfo\ g]= ;+= !)(* ;+ lkb+u' vM .

41
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

Happy New Year

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Nepal Sambat 1137

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Rajendra, Merina, Nilima,

Ashma & Raman Manandhar
Chicago, Illinois

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Season, Heather,
Sam & Kate Shrestha
Baltimore, Maryland

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Happy New Year

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Nepal Sambat 1137

Kamal, Sabina,
Ayuska & Aphipsa Joshi

Manesh, Rojina,
Prarthana & Parees Pradhan

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Chicago, Illinois

42
Newa American Dabu

Elk Grove Village, Illinois

lzsfuf] g]jfM

lzsfuf]of n'dlGt
8f= wd{ b]jL /fhe08f/L
cnfafdf, cd]l/sf

g]kfn efiffof nfuL Tofu tk:ofo\ kfgf emfMlk+ df+ afof OR5f sy+ bFo\ b;+
xgLu' Gx"bFof ;df/f]x;+ yf}g] lhld;+ g+ 5TjfMrf gjfo] v+u' lhldu' nfuL
5u" cxf]efUo tfo]sf . yMu' efo\, yMu' snf, yMu' ;+:s[lt, yMu' ;flxTo,
emLt oM . emL GXofyfo\ j;f+ Rj+;f+ yM ln; ln;]+ o+s';f hs emLu' cl:tTj
No]gf RjgL .

cd]l/sfof gf+hfMu' zx/ dWoo\ lzsfuf] g+ 5u" vM .

y'u' afFnfu' zx/o\ lhlk+ g]kfn+ lkxf+ jofM :jL5bF lato\
ofgfu' h'n . Gxfkfnf g]jfMt pln db' cfM jof lzsfuf]o\
g]jfMt g+ oSj bo] w's
+ n . cn] ygoflk+ g]jfM cd]l/sgt;]+
GXob+ GXof] 5u" ;+:yf :jg g]jfM cd]l/sg ba" . y'u'
;+:yf+ yf}g] g]kfn ;Dat !!#^ of n;tfo\ Gx"bF xg]u'
jno\ lhlk+ -lh j dbg /fhe08f/L_ lgDx Tok"oft laz]if
kfxf+ sy+ Ajgf kf} 5\jof xn . yMlk+ :jL5bF Rjgfu' yf;+
lhldt y'sy+ xg]u' nfuL ;Mtf bLu'ln+ lhlk+ xif{+ laef]/
h'n . pu' ;df/f]x;+ lhldt g]jfM cd]l/sg ba"of bFkf}
lzsfuf] g]jfM Gofu"u' NofM ladf]rg ofo]u' XjtfM ln;]+ xgf
lbn .
lhld efh' dbg /fhe08f/L ;g\ !(&^ o cn] lh ;g\
!(&& o g]kfn+ lzsfuf] jofu' vM . pano\ d'ss+ v'vnM
hs g]kfnLt b' . Yjx] v'vnM b'g] b'Mv ;'vof vF h'O .
yj+ yjo\ Ujfxfln h'O . gvMrvM an] gfk+ RjgfM GXo}ks
' u] '
h'O{ . cy] x] Ajg]u' Hofo\ g+ ;sn]+ pln x] d]xg] lt, u'lsof
lnRjM sy+ ;s:of+ afFnfu' Hof bt . afFnfs kl/jf/ Ajng .
;'+ g]kfnL sGkm/]G;o\ Ajlt sfM emf;f+ Po/kf]6o{ \ sfMjg]u,'
tMjg]u' j yMu' 5]o+ \ ;Mt]t g+ uan] lndlrnf . Yjx] 5u"
wd{ vM lab]zo\ RjgfM :jb]z+ jMlk+ g]kfnLto\t dfnLano\
dfMsy+, UjfxfnL ofo]u' . y'ls+ ofgfM lhldt cfMts+ ;s:of+
n'ds
+ f Rj+u' x] lhldu' nfuL tMw+u' l;/kfM vM .
lhlk+ ;g\ @))& of lzsfuf] TjMtf . cfM Huntville,
Alabama w}u' yf;o\ l/6fo8{ hLjg xgf Rjgf . y'lsof
b'g] ;g\ @)!) o\ g]jfM cd]l/sg ba"of :yfkgf h'n . y'u'
;+:yf :jgfM lzsfuf]o\ g]jfM efo\, snf, ;+:s[lt Djfsf to]u'
nfuL kfgf Rjgf bLkL ;sn g]jfM efh' do\hl' kGt cfkn+
cfkfM ;'jfM aLdfM .

efiffof vF jo]j+ df+ n'dgf jO . afM n'dgf jO .

afM wd{ /Tg old j df+ x]/f b]aL vM . la= ;+= @))&
;fno\ /f0ff zf;goft SjMynf k|hftGq xo]un
' L tw+u'
of]ubfg b'Dx, g]kfn efiffof ;k"m RjofM ;flxlTos VoM
tAof ofgfbLDx, ;dfh ;'wf/sof GXon'jfM, of]4f vM
lhld afM wd{ /Tg old . jo\sn+ oSj x] ;k"m Rjof
lbn . psL dWoo\ nf]s+ XjfMu' ;k"m e[sl' 6 pkGof; vM .
y'u' pkGof;oft g]= ;+= !)*) ; >]i7 l;/kfn+ 5fo]lkn .
cy] x] pu' Ono\ df+ x]/f b]aL g+ t;s+ lg8/Dx dlxnf
g]t[ h'ofM dlxnf ;+u7g :jgfM ;fdflhs ;]jf j efiffof
nflu ;+3if{ ofgf bLu' ;s:of+ :o", cfts+ n'ds
+ f Rj+u' b' .
-:jof lb;+ k]m;a'so\ Dharma Heera Memorial
Academy_
g]kfn efiffof nfuL Tofu tk:ofo\ kfgf emfMlk+ df+ afMof
OR5f sy+ b]oF \ b;+ xgLu' Gx"boF f ;df/f]x;+ yf}g] lhld;+ g+
5TjfMrf gjfo] v+u' lhldu' nfuL 5u" cxf]efUo tfo]sf .
yMu' efo\, yMu' snf, yMu' ;+:s[lt, yMu' ;flxTo, emLt
oM . emL GXofyfo\ j;f+ Rj+;f+ yM ln; ln;]+ o+s;
' f hs

43
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
emLu' cl:tTj No]gf RjgL . yM ug Rjg j yMu' e"ld vM .
pls+ yMu' e'ldO 5u" ;f+:s[lts s]Gb| jf g]jfM 5]+ k'mSs 5Kk+
5wL h'of bo]s] kmt wfM;f emLu' u'u' g+ ultlalw cMk's ofo]
kmO . y'u' ' Hofo\ ;s:of+ cjZo UjfxfnL ofO{ . Yjx] lhldu'
d]u' 5u" dGt'gf vM .
g]jfM cd]l/sg ba"of Gxfkfu' Gx"bF xgfo\ lhld;+ Ajlt
sfo] dvg . cy] vM;f+ lhld lshf lawfg /Tg old j jof
kl/jf/+ Ajlt sfn . c+gln+ xfg+ g]= ;+= !!#$ ; g+ lshf j
ef}lk;+ Ajlt sofM GXo}ks
' fM Kofv+ x'nf lbn lzsfuf]o\ . t/
labDagfof vF jx] lshfoft Uofgfk'u' SofG;/ Njr+ sofM
yf}g] Yj ;+;f/ Tjtn . yHofu' Njr+ sn+ g+ 5klt x] dUof;],
yMt yDx+ lgoGq0f tofM, g'uM Sjdt's
+ fM w}o{ oft . lhu' x]
lgb]z
{ go\ d'DaO{of 6f6f d]df]l/on d]l8sn ;]G6/o\ jf;M ofo]t
jg . vnf Njo\ t;s+ Uofgfk'O w's
+ u" ' ca:yfo\ vM . :j+of
SofG;/ h'ofM GXk'O Yo+u' :6]h $ of cj:yfo\ v;f+ 5klt
x] xyfo\ drfM s]df]y/] flk ofgfM sGXo\ v'Gx' x] lkxf+ jgfM
kf;flk+ gfknfM jg . d]lk+ h";f lg/f; h'ofM s" gofRjgL .

t/ lshf lawfg 5klt x] dUofM, Ejho\ jgf RjgL . cn]

u'n
+ f+ :joDe"O lGx lGx+ jgL tfsL j+ j Njo\ wfgf Rj+u' x] db' .
lhld kl/jf/o\ lawfg ofsM sfo\ vM, v'Dx ttf s]xo] f
by'O . pu' Ono\ df+ afMof ;+3if{of afv+ d]u' x] . cy] vofM g+
lzIff lbIff aLu' Hofo\ jo\sMlk;+ 5klt x] Rjo\ Sjo\ ofgf dbL .
5Dx y] 5Dx sfo\ Dxofo\lkGt pRr lzIffo\ ts Yo+sf lbn .
u'Dx+ d]l8sn 8fS6/, u'Dx lk=Pr=8L= 8fS6/, u'Dx+ OlGhlgo/,
u'Dx+ a}1flgs h'n . ;/sf/L Hofo\ pRr kbo\ ts+ RjgfM
;/sf/L ;]jf oft . cy] x] df+ afMg+ g+ b]zof nfuL hgtfof
nfuL, yMlyltof nfuL oSj x] Hof ofMu' b' . df+ofu' word
GXofan]+ cju"0foft u'0f+ dfy] ofo]df w}u' vFUjt emn emn
n'dgf jO . jx] sy+ df+g+ lhlk+ d:to\t b'Mv l;of yg
ts Yo+sn . cn] 5tf vF dfd+ wfO{ lhldt laof 5\jo] an]
n'+ jxof lt;f aL dk'm a? lt;f w}u' x] cfvM wsfM bSj
d:to\t lzIff lt;f lan . jx] lzIff lt;f lhld afM wd{ /Tg
old j df+ x]/f b]aL+ lhldt Ao"ul' n+ lhlk+ y'ln aNnfgf Rjg]
kmt .

8f= do\h' wd{ b]aL /fhe08f/L k]zfut sy+ d]l8sn 8fS6/ vM . jo\sn+ o'lgel;{6L ckm lzsfuf]
dfOsn l/h xl:k6no\ /]l8o\;g cGsf]hf]ln /]l;8]G; j k]mnf];Lk ofgf bLu' vM .

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Bishnu,
Sarmila Phuyal and Family
Mt. Prospect, Illinois

44
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

hLjgof ;To

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

/fdnfn >]i7
g]kfM

Dinesh,
Hasina & Harshada Shrestha

hLjg t'o"u' Ej+ vM

nfs] dHo" 5'+ slr
d" dbO lhGbluof
Dx't'+ lkHjOu' ;M
t'kMof uf]ln y]+ vM
lkxf+ jnls jn+ t'+
hf]jg jMu' :jf+ vM
Ono\ xf]; ofo]dfM
YjOlk+ dGt ls jfM h'O oM
hLjg KoGx'of vM
o+s] db' 5'+ x] yg j+
NxfMDx" kmo]gfM jg]u' x] vM

Chicago, Illinois

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

efh' /fdnfn >]i7 g]kfn efiffof Rjld vM .

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Nepali American Center

45
Newa American Dabu

Mount Prospect, Illinois

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Discounts may vary by state, property policy form and company underwriting the auto policy.
Discounts
may vary
by not
state,
property
form and
company
the auto policy.
Discounts
may
apply
to all policy
coverages
on an
auto orunderwriting
property policy.

Discounts
mayCompany
not apply toand
all coverages
on an auto
or property
policy.Insurance Company
American Family Mutual
Insurance
its Subsidiaries,
American
Family
Home
Office
Madison,
WI 53783
2012 005598
8/12
American Family
Mutual
Insurance
Company
and its Subsidiaries,
AmericanRev.
Family
Insurance Company

Home Office Madison, WI 53783 2012 005598 Rev. 8/12

Discounts may vary by state, property policy form and company underwriting the auto policy.
Discounts may not apply to all coverages on an auto or property policy.

American Family Mutual Insurance Company and its

46Subsidiaries, American Family Insurance Company
Home Office Madison, WI 53783 2012 005598 Rev. 8/12

Newa American Dabu

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47
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48
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49
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Happy New Year

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Nepal Sambat 1137

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Washington DC

Nepal Bhoosan, Kamala Devi,

Sushan, Jim Tuladhar
and
Sujan Gurubacharya,
Chicago, Illinois

Happy New Year

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Nepal Sambat 1137

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Newah Organization of America

(NOA)

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Suman & Sushila Bhattarai

Dr. Tilak Joshi and Family

Chicago, Illinois

Lisle, Illinois
50
Newa American Dabu

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n+ ;'?jfM lkmgfM xfs' tk'ln, 9fsf tk'ln k'Ot dfMu'
j;Mnf lrw+u' b/fh hfo]sf tofu' b' . g]jfM Do] g+ lh
afFnfs x] xfn] ;M, g]jfM hfu/0fof Do]t g+ dfMyfo\
xfn]t u'an] lndlrnf . pln h'ofM g+ g]jfMto\u' x]
Ejo\ cKjM d'lgu' Hof h'O ano\ g]jfM efiff+ hs Do]
xfn]dfM wfOlknf cAofaxfl/s sf, g]kfno\ Rj+lk+;+ o]sfM
dGo+u' Do] lh+ Yj kljq jfl;+u6go\ xfnfM u'ano\ k]mdz
h'Ou' efO . l;dl;d] kfgLdf wfo] ;fyls ;n+;+ dg"
:6]h Sjo\ KofvF Nx" jO, /fhdlt xfnls u'lnl;+of

k|ljg tfd|fsf/

u]y;au{, d]l/nfo08

lh jfl;+u6gof g]jfM
-Wofr"_

;'gf+ lht g]jfM vF NxfgfM lbdfn wfM;f d:o"

lh+ drfano\ vF Nxf x+ wsfM g+ kG5] h'of,
u'an] lxGbL vF NxfOlk+t y' hs y' wsf g+
kG5] h'of . efo\ af+nfs Nxfo] d;M wsfM
lnlrn ls lh+ ;]gf aL sf wsfM ;'gf+ :o+ jO,
dhf+ cno\ yMu' g]kfnL c+u|]hL wdfsf z'?
ofo] bt dv'nf . emL g]jfMto\t u'ln+ vFo\
bdg ofgf tn vnf wfOlk+ jOano nf lh+ g+
ug+ v sf wsfM skfM :ofsf dRjgf t/ jx]
vFo\ g]jfM efif+ Gjr' aLdfM;f nf ps';d's';
x] h'O . yg jfl;+u6g g]kfn+ af}l4s kfx'gft
jMu' vM;f s/+ ;f+ g]jfM vF NxfODx g]jfM
h'of nf So]g] dfn, dv';f ;'Ou' xh'/afof
tfut lhtM g]jfM h'ofM g]jfM vF x] Nxfo]dfM
wfo]u' .
u'an] l;wO wsfM 38L g+ :jO, cno\ lh+ 5' ofo]u' .
cem kfl/jfl/s Ejho\nf nf lh+ >L u0f]zfo\ gdM x]
alnp8of Do] g+ z'? ofo]u', 5' :o" k]m;a'sofu' kf]i6o\
:jofM lhtM g+ alnp8o\ ;Mltnf . nfkyfOlk+ Go]gLlk+

51
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
bQn] lxGbL, g]kfnL vM sNof0f h'Ou' Do] xfn]t .
g]jfM Do] g]jfM vM wsf sGe]G;g, leGt'gf ano\ NjM .
cfMnf lh+ k+hfaL Do] g+ xfnf xo] w'g, y'ls wfO
df]8{g ck6'8]6 ;Eo j ;';+:s[t g]jfM, lh sf]l/og,
O6flnog, clk|msg Do] xfM;f ch"rfof bLdt] .

e':ofM Hjgf, hgL lrgf, Rjfvf Hjgf h'OdfM nf,

;'s'nfgfM Ejo\ Gofo]s] dfn nf lh+ 5' hs dofgf,
; hs ;M;fnf af+;'/L g k'O, nfv] g+ h'ofM, tfgf
lsl; b'g] g+ Rjgf, gvMrvM jOano\ leGt'gf wfo]t
lh x] Gxfknf . leGt'gf b' leGt'gf, leGt'gfof ;M HjgfM
lhtM :jO lb;F yMu' st{Jo dofM wsf w}lbO dt], emL g]kfMld j}Rjgf wsf bFo\ 5sMnf gf/f laof Rjgf .
lh 5Dx x] hs nf ;dfh dv' lh lh x] uf+, lh x]
lgDx ltk" g]jfM vF NxfMu' yg Go]gf bLu' vM;f
zx/, lh x] b] nf dv' lg . gfoM h'Ot wsfM yfs' kSsf+ g+ j afHo jg] w'+s"lk+ h'OdfM, cem hftM k'nf+
Gxfkfof lk+;+ ck'Osf tMu' kmnf] ofo]u' sNof0f dv'nf . h" hs dv', h+s' ofo]u' nfOgo\ Rj+lk+ h'OdfM . g]jfM
yMu' 5]+of Ejo\ klts+ lxGbL Do] xfnfM xfo]sfM KofvF emL g]jfM x] h'O wfMu', yg jofM g g]jfM x] h'n, g]kfn+
Nx'Ou' j Nx'Os]u' z'? ofgfDx lh dv' y]+ . drfano\ x] vFo\ efo\of eQm h'ofM alR5 lhGbuL lat]ofgf jo]
lg;]+ emLu' OG6/6]gd]G6 w}u' x] lxGbL dfWod h'of jO w'g, lxGbL g+ u'ln vF ;o]sf jo] w'g, pb"{ ts g+
Rj+u' dv'nf . n+, j;M vfgf, Do"lhs, nfOkm :6fOno\ y'Os]t :jof jo] w'g, sf :j lhtM efo\ k|lt OdfGbf/
l5d]sL b]of 5fk b'u' Oltxf;oft wsf 4k+ aLdf . w} dh" wfMu' . g]jfM h'ofM vFo\ efo\ NxfOlk+, O+lUn;
lb;+no\, bf]l5+ lgbf] dg" xfnfM efiff DjfOu' h';fnf hs vF NxfM;f lemDx dv'nf . ;dfa]zL h'ofM tMw+u'
lh+ lGx lGx x] dg" d'+sfM XjfO6 xfp;lkg] bgfM xf g'uM, tMw+u' ;d'bfo h'of Rjlgu' wsfM a'l4dfgL .
jg] lemu' efiff cd/ HjLdf j bf]l5 lgbf] dg" g+ cy] ba'lnO jgfM efiffofu' s/kgf ofu' Gjr' laofM gf/f
ug jO wsfM . dg" d'+s] u'ln yfs' :j wof wf} alh Yjo]s]u' yg l6s6 dr'Ou' dg" djOu' Aofkf/ hs
Og] y]+ vMnf wof+ . ;do alh o"+;f 5sM jO, lgsM vM . efiffofu' dltgf w}u' drfano\ lg;]+ bSjl;s]
jOsf GXofan]+ jOnf . rn] h'u' Do], vfgf, j;M, Yj b';f wsfM lnkf ts+ bof RjgL .
x] dv'nf tw+u' zx/of tMw+u' Aojxf/ . yg jo]t g+
;'gf+ lht g]jfM vF Nxfgf bLdfn wfM;f d:o" lh+
;3if{, Rjg]t g+ ;3if{, Rjg] w'+sfM g+ UjyL ;3if{ drfano\ vF Nxf x+ wsfM g+ kG5] h'of, cy] x] lxGbL
ofo] k}mn], lhGbfafb, d'bf{afb ofo]dfM;f yg 5fo\ vF NxfOlk+t g+ lxGbL y' hs y' wsf g+ kG5] h'of .
jOu' n] . O{ cg';f/ Yj yf;o\ rn] h'Ou' j Oof efo\ af+nfs Nxfo] d;M wsfM lnlrn ls lh+ :o]gf
dxjoft Dx;LsfM GXofjg]u' x] lhu' Dx;Lsf vM . aL sf wsfM ;'gf+ :o+ jO, dhf+ cno\ yMu' g]kfnL j
:6]ho\ ufSs n'w+s xfo]s] dv';f+ HofjM GXof]g]of c+u|]hL wdfsf z'? ofo] bt dv'nf . emL g]jfMto\t
by'Onf g]jfM Do] xfo]sfu' b' x] b' .
u'ln+ vFo\ bdg ofgf tn vnf wfOlk+ jO ano nf
cf+s8f -tYof+s_ ofu' 5' vF Ps ltxfO g]jfM efo\
tf]tn wfO, dfj+;f+ 5]+ 5vf+ x] :j+u' k':tf+ efo\ TjMtf
xo] w'+sn . g]jfM vF dNxfOlk+ g]jfM dv' wfn ls nf
sfo\ DXofo\ g]jfM vF dNxf;f 5' Olk+ g]jfM dv'nf .
ba'lnO bgfM efo\of jsfnt ofOlk+ uy] ofgfM yMu'
efo\oft 5\onf Rjg :jo] axMh" . lh klAnso\ g]jfM
vF Nxfo]dfn ls Dx oft'of jo] of], g]jfM wfo]sfM
hGd sf;]+ln lhu" hGd l;4 st{Ao h' x] h'n lg
u'ln km;fb . ;'gf+ lhtM g]jfM dv' wfo]\k'm, yMu'
tlhnlhoft Djfsfto\t 5'+ g+ No+sf dtof, lwd] Hjgf,

lh+ g+ ug+ vM sf wsfM skfM :ofsf dRjgf t/ j x]

vFo\ g]jfM efif+ Gjr' aLdfM;f nf ps';d's'; x] h'O .
yg jfl;+u6g g]kfn+ af}l4s kfx'gft jMu' vM;f s/+
;f+ g]jfM vF NxfODx g]jfM h'of nf So]g] dfn, dv';f
;'Ou' xh'/afof tfut lhtM g]jfM h'ofM g]jfM vF x]
Nxfo]dfM wfo]u' . g]jfM kxM jo]s n+, ;'?jfM lkmgfM
kmf]6f] sfo]ano wfM;f t;s+ NjM . d]u' vF g]jfM ;+3
;+:yfo\ b'xf+ jg]t g]jfM v+ Nxfo] x] dfM wsfM lawfg
bo]sf tMu' b';f wsfM Uofo] dfMu' . cem g]jfM dv'lk+
g+ bf+ -w]af_ hs aL k'm;f nfOkm d]Da/, ;+/Ifs h'O

52
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
b' . bSjl;t b'sfn wf;f lhtM z'4 g]jfM h'OdfMu' RjgLu' . yMu' kl/jf/o\ x] ef]6 djO wsfM Uofo] dfMu'
tGtf x] dGt .
efiff;]jL Hof Gxfkf g+ ofgf jOu' dv' . u'an] dfbn
au{/:ofG8jLr, ;'l;g'8N;, tGb'/Llrs]g tOu' HjgfM, u'an] lwd] HjgfM, u'an] 8d HjgfM h'O k'm;f
Ejo\ yf;o\ Njo]sLu' nf b' x] b', Bf};L e}nf], k+hfaL yMu' g+ sNof0f, d]lklgu' g+ sNof0f sf . Yj clego
efu8f, an 8fG;, df;f Nofl6g cd]l/sg g+ Njo]s] dv', Yj hLjg vM jfl;+u6go ;t" yfo\ jgf laof,
;o]s] dfnL . lh nf k/b]z;o\ dv' yM x] k/b];L wfMu' wfy]+ ofgf laof . lh+ g+ ;sl;t+ :jfut ofgf,
h'O w'g, g]jfMto\u' GXof]g] g]jfM, g]jfM dv'+lk+ GXof]g] lhtM g+ :jfut ofgfRj+u' x] b', nf]sofu' ;]jf tw+u'
g]kfnL, ug+ lxGbL Do] Yjo]lsDx b];L cno\ ;s/ ;]jf dv'nf .
dv' k'm6an, lqms]6 dv' a];an, lrof dv't skmL,
le+ h'Ou', le+u' Hof ofo]u', le+u' dgo\ to]u' jx]
Ujf/fd/L dv' 8f]g6, rtf+d/L dv' Kofgs]s, wfo] g]jfM dv'nf g]jfM h'Ou' . lgtf wd{ hs dv', yg jo] w'+sfM
g;f Tj+;f g+ lxnf jg . 5Dx"rf dg"to\u' u'ly :jofM :jtf wd{+ lyof xn . b'g] g+ g]jfM, lkg] g+ g]jfM, lhu'
;n+; dg"of bf]:t h'Ot efo\ 5u" tf]t';f ufMvlg . hLjg bQn] lh g]jfM, l5;+ wfMu'ln h'n lhtM uj{
yMt dbo]sfM g+ :ju{ n'Olsu' nf wfO h'O . t/ ;f;M lh jfl;+u6gof g]jfM . jn jn k'n' lsl;, nf 5s"
klts+ Hof l5+s dg Rj+s GXofTyfo\ j+;f+ dl5+sf jo]s ;doalh .
efh' k|ljg tfd|fsf/ g]kfM kf;f k'rM cd]l/sf+ lkygf Rj+u' bFkf} ba" of Aoa:yfks h'of Rjgf bLu'
b' . jo\sM Rjld hs dv' Do] xfnfld g+ vM . cfts jo\sMof :j+u" g]kfn efiffof PNad g+ lkbg]
w'+s"u' b' . ln;]+ g]kfn efiffof yL yL ;k"m lkyg]u' Hofo\ g+ ;lqmo h'of Rj+u' b' .

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Madan Mohan Shrestha and Family
Aurora, Illinois
53
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1137

STORES HOURS:
EVERYDAY FROM 7:00AM TO 10:00 PM
**********************************************
FRESH FARMS INTERNATIONAL - NILES
5740 WEST TOUHY AVENUE
NILES IL, 60714
PH. 847-779-7343
**********************************************
FRESH FARMS INTERNATIONAL - WHEELING
20 SOUTH MILWAUKEE AVENUE
WHEELING IL, 60090
PH. 847-484-1930
**********************************************
FRESH FARMS INTERNATIONAL - CHICAGO
2626 WEST DEVON AVENUE
CHICAGO IL, 60659
PH. 773-764-3557

54
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

dg" j kz'to\u'
by'O{ km/s
leIf'0fL cgf]hf
g]kfM

eujfg a'4+ 1fg k|fKt ofgfM yy] ;Lsf laHoft gs{, :ju{, wofu' lr/:yfO{ h'Odv', l:y/ h'of
RjgLu' dv', lgTo dv' . k'mSs x] Yj ;+;f/o\ u'ln g+ a:t't b'u' vM pTklt j lagf; h'ofjgL .
uy] t;s+ jf jOan] nM KjKjrf tHofO{ y]+ cy]x] bO Ps;]s]Gb RjgLdv' tHofO{ . Yj z/L/ g+
dbof jgL, l;gfjgL cn] k'mgf jgLu' wofu' ;fwf/0f laifo vM .
eujfg a'4of pkb]z sy+ dg" j kz'to\u' by'O
km/s So]gf laHofu' b' . dg" woflk+ lrGtfzLn k|f0fLlk+
h'of Rjg . Olds] a'emo\ h'Ou' y'Osf sfo]u' Ifdtf b'u'
h'ofRjg . pls+ ofgfM dg"to\s] dg'to\u' :jefj So]gL .
yf}sGxo\ dg" dg" h";f+ kz' ;dfgofu' :jefa jo]sfM
h'ofRj+lk+ oSsf] bofRjg . pls+ x] h'O eujfg a'4+ @^))
bF GXof] x] yy] wof laHofu' h'O .
lsR5f] dg':; kl6nfef], lsR5+ dRrfg+ hLljt
uy]wf;f u'0f+ ;DkGg b'lk+ dg"t h'ofM lhag xg]u' cMk'
dh" . pls+ u'0f+ ;DkGg b'lk+ dg"t b'n{e . go]u', B]g]u'
j drfa'Os] ;o]j+ dg" h'O dv' jnf kz'to\;+ g+ ;Mu'
h'ofRjg . olb Yj vMu' hs HofM ;Mu' h";f dg" j
kz' 5'+ x] dkfM a/fa/ x] h'n . Yjnf :jefa wd{ h'n .
t/ af+nfMDx ;SsnL dg"ofs] cg]s k|sf/ofu' cd"No
NofMvfo\ dk"mu' u"0ft b'Yofu' b' . Yj yy] vM . lzn
:jefa b'Dx, ;Eotf, OdfGbfl/Dx, laZjf l;Dx, lrGtgzLn
b'Dx, r]tgf b'Dx, xf]; b'Dx, wd{ r]tgf b'Dx, zLNk
ljBf ;MDx, cfWoflds ljBf ;MDx, d]u' kz'ofs] db'u'
u'0f dg"ofs] b'u' u'0ft dv'u' Hofo ofo] To]lgu' Ono\
d]lk;+ 5' wfO{nf wsfM nHof j eo\ pTkGg h'O ano\
dv'u' Hof ofo]t GXofM jlgdv' u'Dxl;s] nHof j eo

bOdv' j dg" kz' x] h'O . ;dfho\ RjgfM nHof j

eo\ bOdv' j dg" g+ GXofu' g+ dv'u', dle+u' ttMw+u'
ck/fwt ofo]t g+ lnkmM :jO dv' chfDx dg"oft uan] g+
dg"ofu' kbjL laO kmOdv' pls+ woftMu' dg'io ?k]g
d'ufZr/lGt uy] wfM;f dg" h'ofg+ kz' a/fa/ kz'ofu'
Aoaxf/ ofgf o+lsDx dv'u' af+dnfu' Hof ofODx emLt
yM df afM lk;+g kz' wsfM Aj aLu' h'ofRjg . dv'u'
Hof ofo] To]gLu' cj:yfo\ ;dfho\ nHof j 8/ uan]
ts bOltgL cano\ tSs ;+;f/ofu' /Iff h'O . pls+
Yj nHof j -eo_ 8/ -lx/L_ nHof j -cf]ty_ 8/oft
nf]skfn wd{ wsfM woftn . d]u' efiff+ wfo] dfn wfM;f
uano\ ts ;+;f/ofu' nf]skfn wd{ No+ bofRjgL cano\
tSs ;+;f/oft /Iff h'ofRjgL . uano\ ;+;f/ Wj:t
h'of jgL . 5fo\ wfM;f dg" h'ofM g+ kz' :jefa h'nls
;+;f/ :o]gf jg]t 5'+ ;do dfnL dv' .
eujfg a'4of lzIff cyjf pkb]z cg';f/ dg"ofu'
u'0f k"0f{ h'Oof nflu dg"oft dbo]s dufMu' d]u' u'0f g
cToGt dfnf Rj+u' h'of Rjg . j yy] v
!= d]lkGt pksf/ d2t, Ujfxfln ofo]u'
@= d]lk;+ yMt ofgf tMu' u'0foft Dxl;sfM plsoft
xfg+ pksf/ ofMu' abnf k'n] ;o]s]u' k'n]u' .

55
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
kmSjM UjfxfnL ofgf laOu' . u'0foft nf]d+s] dHo" .
u'0f nf]d+s"Dx dg" h";f kz' wfO{ . wfO{u' Gxfkf+ b' u'0f
ofDx JolQm :jof g+ u'0foft Dx:o"Dx b'n{e wsfM wfO{ .
u'Dx dg"ofs] Yj lgtf+ u'0f b'Dx h'O{ chfDx dg" nf]so\
b'n{e j dg t;s+ afFnfDX wsfM wfO{ . chfDx gfk
Rjg] b';f ;'vof ;'v cno\ GXofan] zflGt zflGt h'O
j wfy] dg" wsfM wfOu' h'ofRjg .
eujfg a'4of pkb]z sy+ :j+u" hs Hof ;M;f
dg" g+ kz' x] a/fa/ wof laHofu' b' . 5fo\ wfM;f g;f
go]u' af/] kz'to\;+ g+ ;fSs le+s gof Rj+u' b' . bSj
dg"to\;+ ;fSs gof Rj+u' d? . cn] yM yM d:tto\t
af+nfs larfM ofgfM yMDx dg;] g+ gsf Rj+u' b' . go]u'
j gs]u' dg" j kz'to\ a/fa/ h'of Rjg . B]g]u' g+ bfg
wd{ ofgf jMlk+ dg"t af+nfu' nf;fo\ cy] kz'to\g af+nfu'
nf;fo\ b]gfRjg . k'0o duflk+ dg"to\ nf;f kmf+uf d?
cfsfz kmff ofgfM BgfRjg kz't g+ cy] x] l;df Sjo\,
nFo\ a'Osf Rjg, cy]x] kz'to\ g+ a/fa/ h'n :j+u" lrh .
t/ dg" h'ofM hGd h"u'of sf/0f le+u' j dle+u' sd{
NjfsHofs bo]sf Rj+u'ln vM . 5Dx 5Dx dg"to\;+ le+u'
g+ dle+u' g+ ofgfRjgL . cn] u'u' sd{ cKjM h'O pu' sd{
cg';f/+ lalaw sd{of ef]u afFnflk+, u'ln+ afFdnflk+ u'ln+
cfo" tfMxfslk+, u'ln+ cfo" klrxfsMlk, u'ln+ c+u k|Tou
kl/k"0f{lk+, u'ln+ c+u k|To+u ckl/k"0flk+, u'ln+ tMw+lk+, u'ln+
rLwlk+, u'ln OR5f k"0f{ h'Olk+, u'ln+ OR5f k"0f{ dh'Olk+,
u'ln+ ;'vlk+, u'ln b'Mvlk+, u'ln+ oz sLlt{ b'lk+, u'ln
db'lk+, u'ln+ xfs'lk+, u'ln+ t'o"lk+ y'lk+ km'Ss le+u' j dle+u'
NjfsHofs sd{ bo]sf jofRj+u' yMyMu' sd{ cg';f/
hGd h'Ou' h'ofRjg .
dg"to\;+ x] ;'v, b'Mv lgtf+ ef]uo\ ofgf Rj+u' rfO{ .
k'nf+ k'nf+u' pvfg yy]+, b' :ju{ 5flt b'g] b', gs{ dgo\
cy] wofu' 5' < :ju{ 5flt -5flt b'g] dg_ ;'v+ hfMu'
dg vM . dg+ cf/d0f ofgf RjgLu' ;'v vM . ;fwf/0f
dg"to\;+ yhfu' pbfg k|s6 ofgfj+ RjgL, yg ;'v+

hfofRj+u' b', cg cfgGb h'ofRj+u' b' . afFnfu' cf/d0f,

afFnfu' dg -lrQ_ ukfoRj+ oOk':o Rj+ .
gs{ dgo\ b'g] b' wofu' dgo\ b'Mv+ hfofRjgLu',
GXofan] Vjf Vo'+sfM kL/ hs sof RjgL . OR5f ofgfu'
sy+ dh'Ou', OR5f k/o\ dh'Ou' zf]ss'n+ hfMu' yhfu'
gfgfk|sf/ ofu' b' .
eujfg a'4+ 1fg k|fKt ofgfM yy] ;Lsf laHoft gs{,
:ju{, wofu' lr/:yfO{ h'Odv', l:y/ h'of RjgLu' dv',
lgTo dv' . k'mSs x] Yj ;+;f/o\ u'ln g+ a:t't b'u' vM
pTklt j lagf; h'ofjgL . uy] t;s+ jf jOan] nM
KjKjrf tHofO{ y]+ cy]x] bO Ps;]sG] b RjgLdv' tHofO{ .
Yj z/L/ g+ dbof jgL, l;gfjgL cn] k'mgf jgLu' wofu'
;fwf/0f laifo vM . kfMu' y'ln x]+ hs b', b'Mv :jofM
;'v cfkfM b', nfls ;'v :jofM b'Mv cfkfM b'u' vM .
pls+ gs{ j :ju{ cg';f/ GXofgfj+ jgfRjgL . yhfu'
:jefj+ lj/lQm h'of Rj+sf Rjg] ;o]ls . 5'+ ug+ jMu'
vM cg x] lnt 5jo] ;o]ls . psL+ Ko]k'gfM GXofOk'
tfo]sf Rjg]dt] . af+nfu' ?k, oOk'u' ;M, jf;gf jMu'
uGw, ;fMu' ;jfM, GXofOk'u' :kz{, yMu' cf/d0f cflb
sfdf/d uo] GXofOk'sf Rjg]u' wofu' db' wsfM ;Lsf
Rjg] kmo]ls . 5fo\wfM;f k|]dof sf/0f+ jOu' b'Mv bf]if,
eo, a}/ cfkfn+ x] b' .
Yj ;+;f/ b'Mvof b'Mv vM sf/0f /fuo\ e"no\ h'Ou',
bf]if b'u', b'Mv b'u', eo\ b'u', zq' bOu', Uofgfk';]Rj+u'
b'Mvof cGt x] dbo]sfM b'Mv jofRjgLu' wsfM l;nls
chfu'ln+ la/Qm h'ofM TjtfM 5jo] kmo]ls . pls+ Ko]k'gf
Rjg] dt], cfgGb sof Rjg] dt], d"n] h'of Rjg] dt],
cdn+ sfo]sf Rjg] dt], GXofOk'sf Rjg]dt] . yMhfu'
sf/0foft Dxl;sfM Tjtf 5jo] k'mu', kmOu' wofu' x]
dg' v+ hs kmO . plsof sf/0f dg" h'ofM yMhfu'
b'Mvof sf/0f dbo]sf 5jo] kmo]ls wsfM cf1f h'of
laHoft . kz'+ kmOdv' dg'v+ hs kmO, pls+ dg"t kz'
ln;] kfMu' vM .

leIf'0fL 8f= cg'hf ;'/If0f lslt{ laxf/of ;+:yfks ln;]+ k|dv

' h'of laHofMu' b' . jo\sn+ af}4 bz{go\ agf/;
o'lgel;{l6+ ;g\ !(($ ; laBfjfl/lw ofgf laHoft . yf}+ sGxo\ rf]efMof ;'Gb/L3f6o\ a[4f>d bo]su] ' Hofo\
Ao:t h'of Rjgf laHofMu' b' .
56
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
drf 5Dx btls j 5]F :ju{ y]+ h'ofM emM emM wfofRjgL t/ drf 5Dx x] dGt
ls j 5]F g/s lt x] Uo]gfM cfdfOof rf y]+ lvpF;] RjgL . drf 5Dx x] db'u'
5]Fo\ GofSj x] ;'v wfM;f+ b'Mv x] h'of RjgL . ;'wL/ j u+ufoft g+ yf}+ cy]
x] h'n . wg;DklQ tGg bof+ 5'ofo] < go], Tjg], k'g]t ufSs bof+ 5'ofo] <

cn] u+uf no]tfn

k'ik/Tg tfd|fsf/ :jL6xf6{
g]kfM

u+uf j ;'wL/of Olxkf h"u' :jbF KobF dl5 x] w's

+ n.
co\g+ Old drf 5Dx x] b'u' dv' . cy] drf db'u' vgfM ug+
yMlk+ lg;Gtfg hs+ h'Ou' dv'nf wsfM wGbf h'ofM t;s+
kL/ g+ h'n . cn] k'mSs:of+ yMlkGt lg;Gtfgof wg Kof/f]
sf]9Lof lhp Kof/f] wsfM gfuMt'uM ofgfM lx:ofOu' dv'nf
wsfM g+ Dxo\ dGxo dGxo wGbf h'of jn . yMl;ao\ u'ln
lnkf Olxkf ofMlk+ kf;flk+ ljun, lagf]b, df]xg, z/blklg
u'Dx]:of+ sfo\ 5Dx DXofo\ 5Dx, u'Dx]:of+ sfo\, u'Dx]:of+
DXofo\ b'u' vgfM ;'wL/of g'uM x] Sjt'+ . GXofan] :jM;f+
VjfM cfdfOof rf y]+ lvpF . ;'wL/of y'HofMu' cj:yf vgfM
u+ufof g+ g'uM dl5gfM g'uM Sjt'+ . jof g+ df+ h'Ou' tMw+u'
OR5f vM t/ 5'ofo], eujfg+ :jof dlan . jof g+ nf yM
lnkf laof 5\jMlk+ kf;flk+ ;'wf, t[i0ff, ;[li6, s?0fflklg
d:t bofM d:t HjgfM yM5]+ jgLu' vgLano\ g'uM kFDx'of jO
y]+ h'of jOu' . u'an]+ u'an]+ ofsMrf Sjyfo\ RjgfM ;'s;
' s
' '+
Vjof RjgLu' . cn] yMu' efUooft lwsf/o\ ofgf RjgLu' .
drf 5Dx bo]su] ' lglDt+ Old;+ 5' hs dofM . jofM
YjofM wOu' x] db' . ci6dL klts+ wn+ bgfM wd{ sd{ ofM
h'n . ;Gtfg]Zj/ dxfBMofyfo\ g+ k'hf ofMjg] w's
+ n . cn]
;jfnfv dt ts+ Rofs] w's
+ n . So+ jgfM wofxMsy+ u'an]+
ug u'an]+ ug B]s] jgfM k'hfcfhf g+ ofMjg] w's
+ n . cflv/o\
5'+ x] nuo\ dh'ofM Oldu' cfzfof dt x] l;t . cn] Oldt
kfv]+ 5'+ dh"u' vgfM Yj wd{sd{ k|lt cf:yf dbofM laZjf;
g+ Dxf] h'h'+ jgfRjg . pln hs nf d]l8sn r]s ck ofgfM
u'ln 8fS6/ g+ lxnfM lxnfM Sog] w's
+ n . u'Dx]:of+ ldh+of
kfv]+ bOdv' wsfM wof xM;f, u'Dx]:of+ ld;fof kfv]+ bOdv'
wsfM wofxn . u'Dx] :of+ nf drf 5]F t;s+ rLw+ul' n+ bo] yfs'O

wofxn . ;'+ 5Dx 8fS6/ g+ yy] x] wsfM SjMl5gfM wof dxM

u'ln+ t;s+ s" gofM ;'wL/ lr gMDx vfy]+ hs h'ofRjgLu' .
jof g+ u'ln /x/ drf 5Dx NxfM HjgfM kf;flklg y]+ yM
ltl/gfk h'of h'Ou' . t/ = = = t/ jofu' /x/, /x/o\ hs
tSo]gfM lns'gf lan .
wfTy]+ wfo]u' vM;f dg"to\u' hLjgo\ wg ;DklQ hs oSj
bofM go], Tjg], k'gu] n
' L g+ oTy] bo]j+ t'+ ;'v h'Odv' . Oldu'
hLjgo\ efjL k':tfof lglt+ drf 5Dx nf dbo]s+ x] dufM .
drf 5Dx btls j 5]F :ju{ y]+ h'ofM emM emM wfofRjgL t/
drf 5Dx x] dGt ls j 5]F g/s lt x] Uo]gfM cfdfOof rf y]+
lvpF;] RjgL . drf 5Dx x] db'u' 5]oF \ GXofSj x] ;'v wfM;f+
b'Mv x] h'of RjgL . ;'wL/ j u+ufoft g+ yf}+ cy] x] h'n .
wg ;DklQ tGg bof+ 5'ofo] < go], Tjg], k'gt] ufSs bof+
5'ofo] < lnkf pu' wg ;DklQoft sQfgfM efnf s'laODx
5Dx x] db';f plsof pknlAw x] 5' bt <
h'h+' h'h+' ;'of+ 5]oF \ d:t VjM;M bt jf no\no\ tfofM
lDxtfRj+u' vgls bsno\ Gxfkf+ Oldt lg+ af+dnfMu' lnRjM
nfMjgL . nFo\ h'Oano\ ;+' ltk"of drf HjgfM lGxnfM lGxnfM
jof RjgLu' vgls PnhL{ h'of jOu' . x/] d]lklgu' ;+;f/
x] u'ln GXofOk' lhld g+ 5Dx drf bofAo"u' vM;f = = = = wsfM
dltO n'OsfM lgDx]:of+ g+ g'uM dl5+sLu' . d]lklg cy] d:t
vgLano\ Oldt bfx h'of jOu' . u+ufoft nf sfrfSs jgfM
sfMjg] df:t] jOu' . jof+ 5'ofo], slk{lg d:t yMt oof+ bOdv'
y]+ wfTy]+ wfo]u' vM;f u+uf drf 5Dx dbofM pOF y]+ h'O
w's
+ n . Hof ofM;f+ tfno\ dx+, syx+ j+s Hof dh" . wfo]j
wfo]j+ NjMhs dgf jgLu' . cftf;'n' h'ofM ;'yf+ nfSsnf
Hof ofo] x] dkmof jg . rf+ lGx+ drf 5Dx]l;u' hs lrGtf+

57
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
;'wL/of :jofM g+ u+ufoft tgfj a9o\ h'h+' jgfRjg .

u+ufoft 5sM sl:;s 3o]kg' fM wfn u+uf sGxo\ s+; wfTy]+

5' lh ca' h'O kmOdv't nf < 5' u+uf df+ h'O kmOdv't 5Dx drf Yj 5]oF \ jOltlg 5'+ x] Ro"tf sfo]DjfM .
nf < wfTy]+ lhlk+ 5' lg;Gtfg h'Ou' vMnf < cn] ;dfhof
co\ = = vMnf < ch" rfofM ;'wL/oft 5sM dfof+ r'Kkf
GXoMg] lg;Gtfg h'of Rjg]dfnLu' vMnf < y'Hof y'HofMu' gofM Gofl;rfofM wfn .
vFo\ hs gfMgfM yl/+ wf}alh ;'wL/+ jfo]sf Rjg .
sGxo\ s'Gx' ;'wL/ kf;f z/bof yfo\ jgfM yMt h'ofRj+u'
5Gx' ;'wL/ lkxf+ jgfM b'xf+ jMano\ u+ufoft ug+ x] v+s]
dk'mt . u'ln u+uf = = u+uf = = wsfM ;Mt' ;Mt'+ jg u+uf Hof}+
5sM wof dxMano\ ;'wL/oft 5v]+ Uof;]+ g+ jn . Sjyfklt+
vfkf rfo]sfM :jMh'n . cxF = = ug+ u+ufoft n'Os] dk'm .
cflv/ 5s" Sjyfo\ hs :jo] No+ blg cg jgfM :jM j+ano\
lvpFs RjgfM u+uf+ b/fho\ Ajof tofDx stf+dl/oft gfKk+
3o]kg' fM yMu' g'uMkf rfo]sfM b'? Tj+sfRj+u' vg . j v+ano\
;'wL/of jofo] Yjofo] dbof jn . u+uf wsfM ;M Ao"ano\
u+uf+ NxfMt+ r"k of 5'df+ laofM wfn drf+ GXoM jo]s] To+u'
b' . Gjjfgf bLdt] wsfM wfn . y'HofMu' n" vgfM ;'wL/of
ldvf g+ nM nM wfof jn . g'uM ufSs+ Vjn . Yjnf drf
5Dx dbofM pOF ;" x] rfn, cfM lh+ 5'ofo]u' wsfM v"a larfM
oft . y'ano\ x] jfQ 5u" dgo\ n'of jn ug+ c:ktfno\
jgfM ;'gf+ g+ TjMtf ys"Dx drf;f+ sof xof laO dfnnf
wsfM t/ dgo\ n"y+] uy] ofgfM ;'oft wofM sfMjg]u' < Yj
5u" GXo;M bgfM ;d:of lkb+ jn . ;'+ kf;flk+ cHofMlk+
bOnf u'Dx]l;of c:ktfn gfk+ :jfk" bofRjgL wsfM n'ds
+ '
n'ds
+ ' j+ano\ z/b n'dgf jn . cano\ 5sM z/b+ wfMu'
g+ vM jof ltl/of kf;f 5Dx drf a'OsLu' c:ktfno\ g;{
h'ofRj+u' b' wsfM . cn]nf joft cuMrf dfnf+ b]uMrf n"
wsfM SjlhsfM dg dg+ b+u h'n . z/bof yfo\ jg]dfnL
wsfM SjlhsfM stf+dl/oft drf efMkf j+Dx u+ufof lnSs;+
jgfM wfn u+uf 5+ cfd u'Dx drf wsfM yMu' b'? Tj+sf
Rjg jnf 5Dx stfd+l/ hs vM, ;o\ Tjlt wof sy+
stf+dl/ :jfxfo]s] To]g .
dv' Yj lhld drf x] vM lh k'tf vM wfwf+ stf+dl/oft
dAo';] u+uf+ ;fnf Rjg;f ;'wL/+ g+ O;fM ly;fM ofgfM ;fnf
Rjg cn] u+ufoft dfof+ 5o\go\ lkQ'ldt' lkofM cg]tg]u'
vF Xoo]sfM aNn+ stfdl/oft :jfxfo]st] tfMnft . ;'wL/+

lg;]+ sofM u+uf drf 5Dx dbofM pOF y]+ h'ofRj+u' ts+of
h'Sj vF sgfM c:ktfn+ ;'of+ TjMtf ys"Dx drf 5Dx xof
laOt Ogfk oft . z/boft g+ jofu' cHofMu' cj:yf vgfM
5v]+ dfof jg;f d]v+] b'Mv g+ tfn . z/b+ yM ltl/gfk vF
AofsfM kmofkmSj s'tM ofo] . 5'+ h'ofM cHofMlk+ d:t bt
wfM;f df]afOn+ ;'r+ laof xo] wsfM cfZjf;g lan . ;'wL/+
g+ Ho" wofM z/bof yf;+ afofM 5]F kfv] :jof jn .
z/bof yfo\ jgfM RofGx' lemGx' lnkf ;'wL/of df]afOn
Goft . df]afOn z/bofu' x] h'ofRjg . df]afOnof 5'+ O{ tSs
5' 5' vF h'n y]+ . d';s
' fMu' Vjfn+ df]afOn ckm\ ofgfMln n+
ln+ lkmgfM ;'wL/+ u+ufoft wfn sf u+uf, yf}+ 5Gt lh+ ch"
rfofk';] Rj+u' b]5f Hjgf jo] To]gf . 5 n+ Rjgf RjF Gx}+ wofM
5sM r'Kkf gofM ;'wL/ lkxf+ jgf 5\jt . cfsfemfsf+ ;'wL/+
wfMu' vF u+uf+ 5lKt+ x] dy'n . 5' b]5f vM, u'HofMu' b]5f
vM 5'+ dl;n . Gog]t g+ Gog] x] dnfo]s+ lkxf+ jgf 5\jt .
u+uf+ co\ yo\ 5'+ wfo] dkmofM lskf x] h'ofRjg . jgfM :jwf}
Kowf} lnkf 5]+ Sj;+ ToflS; lbs] xMu' ;n+ u+uf ;' jMu'
h'O wsfM :jMjg . :jMj+tn]+ ToflS;nf jg] w's
+ n t/ ;'wL/+
a'ofM :jGx' KoGx' b'Dx drf j g+ sfo\ x] sfkt+ e's
+ fM yt
xofM u+ufof NxfMltO nM NxfNxf+ d';x' F' lGxnfM wfn sf u+uf
5Gt b]5f laO wOu' Yj x] vM . cfM 5+ drf db' wsfM g'uM
Sjt's
+ ] DjfMn gf wofM nMNxfgf lan . drf dbofM pOF ;"
rfMDx u+uf+ yf}+ cfsfemfsf+ sfo\drf 5Dx Ao"ano\ joft nf
GXono\ nf Hjno\ nf wOy]+ h'of lan . cn] ;'wL/+ h'Sj vF
sgf lan . sfo\drf x] yMu' NxfMtL nfM jMano\ drf 5Dx
dbofM pOF ;" rfMDx u+ufoft cn] 5' dfn < jof n;tfof
v'l; afM yfMufM dbo]s cg+ jM yg+ jM dbo]s jn . j
u'ln no\tfn ls wof+ AofMu' x] dv' . cn] drf nMNxfgf
sofM n;tf+ Vjla afM jo]sfM drfoft r'Kkf r'Kkf gofRjg .

efh' k'ik/Tg tfd|fsf/ :jL6xf6{ g]kfn efiffof gf+hfDx Rjld vM . jo\sMof ;d:of+ hfof Rj+u'
hLjg gf+of lgaGw bsno\ Gxfkf+ dnM klqsfo\ g]kfn ;Dat !)(( ;+ lkb+u' vM .
58
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM

do\h' lgaGw
-Ao_
Yj ad"{ afHoflk+t g]jfM efo\, g]jfM hflt, g]jfM
clwsf/ wOu' :jo] x] doM . t/ pldt g]jfM
ef;f doM;f+ g]jfM ld;f wfM;f ;fMk x] oMu'
h'ofRjg . co\ h"u'ln+ lkg] lkg] lhNnf+ g]kfM
ufno\ 8]/f sofM RjgfRj+lk+ ad"{ afHoflk+;+ g]jfM
ef;foft c:jLsf/ ofM;f+ g]jfM ld;foft wfM;f
ofpFs x] :jLsf/ ofO .

;'/]z ls/0f
g]kfM

efh' lgaGw RjofbLDx lgaGwsf/ 7fs'/nfn dfgGw/

nf cfM dbo] w's
+ n . olb b'u' h";f jo\sn+ do\h' lgaGw
gfd+ g+ d]u' 5k' lgaGw RjofbL w'+sn h'O . 5fo\wfM;f+
yf}+sGxo\ hdfgf x] do\h'lklgu' vM . GXofyfo\ j+;f+
do\h'of do\h' . l5u' yMu' x] Tjfno\ 5SjM co\s ldvf
Ajoflb;F, clwsf+z 5]Fof 3/klt do\h'Dx h'ofRjgL .
efh'Dx nf s]jn klt hs sf . efh'Dx klt, do\h'Dx
3/klt . efh'lk+;+ yDx+ sd] ofgfu' ;Dklt yM bfh'lshf+
d;Ls ;'r'sf to] dfn ls yM x] do\h'of gfdo\ kf;
ofgf tOu' h'ofRjg . 5'+ h'ofM ;'gf+ KjfSs l;n wfM;f
wfOu' yM5]]+ Sj;M lapu' sf . co\ h"u'ln+ yf}+sGxo\
3/klt do\h'lklg NofM wdfwd cKjof Rj+u' b' .

b' . do\h' wODx dg"of df+ vM . df+ hs dv' tMdf+ vM,

rdf vM, clh vM, ttf vM, s]x]F vM, sfsL vM, dn]h'
vM, ttfMh' vM, dfh' vM, lglg vM . cy] x] do\h'
wOlk+ dg"of df+ hs dv' ;;Mdf+ g+ vM . ;;Mdf+ hs
dv', ;;M tMdf+ vM, ;;M rdf vM, ;;M ttf vM,
;;M s]x]F vM, ;;M sfsL vM, ;;M dn]h' vM, ;;M
ttfMh' vM, ;;M lglg g+ vM . y'sy+ :jof jg]ano\
emLu' kl/jf/o\ do\h'of e"ldsf t;s+ la/f6 / Aofks
vg] bof jO .

3/klt hs 5', b]zof /fhgLlt kfv] :jt wfM;f cfM

nf emg\ /fi6klt ts+ do\h' x] . /fHoof :j+u" c+u bO
wfO Aoa:yflksf, sfo{kflnsf j Gofokflnsf . yf}s
+ Gxo\
Yj :j+u'ln+ x] c+uof klt do\h'lk+ vM . Aoa:yflksfof
;efd'v do\h', sfo{kflnsf -sfo{ sfo] dv+gLDx h";f+_
of /fi6klt do\h', cn] Gofokflnsfof k|wfg GofofwLz
g+ do\h' . yo\Ss :jo]ano\ g]kfno\ dft[ ;QfTds
;dfh lnxf+ jn nf wOy]+ Rj+ .

5sM kf;flklg k'rno\ vF h'ofRj+u' . vFof vFo\

do\h'lklg vF g+ jn . v nf yf}+sGxo\ do\h'lklg vF
djo]s+ efh'lklg vF ts+ k"djgLu' hdfgf h'O w'+sn .
5Dx]:of+ KjfSs wfn, lhld snfM nf 6]lnlehg y]+ sf
efO, GXofan]+ Gx" Gx"u' k So+ jofRjgL . nl5of b'g]
u'+u'ln+ /; :jo] bO . x/]s dlxgfof Ps ut] xf:o
/;, d;fGto\ Yo]g ls /f}b| .

do\h'lklg yHofMu' huhuLof Ono\ olb Rjld

7fs'/nfn dfgGw/ b'u' h";f jo\sM do\h' lgaGw 5k'
dRj;]+ Rjg] kmO <

d]Dx]:of+ wfn, snfM wOlk+ 6]lnlehg nf vM t/

Yj ;dfh b'g]of vF h'n . kl/jf/ b'g] :jt wfM;f+ :o+u' 6]lnlehg y]+ sf, GXofan]+ 5u" x] hs Rofgn
do\h'lklg dlxdf tfMxfsM vg] bO . kl/jf/o\ do\h' jofRjgL . b'xf+ jM;f+ jx] vF, lkxf+ j+;f+ jx] vF . Rofgn
wODx s]jn ld;f hs dv' . do\h'lklg e"ldsf oSj wOu' nf r]Gh x] h'Ou' dv' .
59
Newa American Dabu

lzsfuf] g]jfM
:jDxDx kf;f+ wfn, Rofgn r]Gh ofo]t nf l/df]6 /fhgLlts Oltxf; k'Osf :jt wfM;f vgL, cfM ts
g+ yMu' Nxfto\ bo]dfn lg efO . Yj l6eL j aLaLof afn'jf6f/ k|j]z ofMlk+ g]jfM efh'lk+ hDdf 5Dx x] hs
km/s wOu' x] l/df]6 sG6f]n vM .
b' . t/ afn'jf6f/ k|j]z ofMlk+ g]jfM do\h'lk+ wfM;f afu"
+ n . sd/]8 dgdf]xg clwsf/L
jofu' bfz{lgs 6fOkof vF Go]gfM d]lk+;+ GXo;M bh{g :jof+ cKjM bo] w's
k|wfgdGqL h'ofM afn'jf6f/ k|jz
] h'ofbLano\ jo\sMln;]+
5't, u'sy+ kf;f <
do\h' ;fwgf k|wfg g+ afn'jf6f/ k|j]z h'of bLu' vM .
j+ g+ 5' ;km'nL AjgftMu' vM dl;p, 6\jfSs ldn] do\h' ;fwgf k|wfg g]jfM do\h' x] h'n . emngfy
ofgfM wfn, l6eL wOu' cHofMu' a:t' vM u'lsof vgfn afn'jf6f/ emfn, jo\sM gfk g+ g]jfM do\h' x]
l/df]6 sG6f]n emLu' Nxfto\ bofRjgL . t/ aLaL wOu' afn'jf6f/ emfn . cy] x] 8f= afa'/fd e/fO{ afn'jf6f/
cHofMu' j:t' vM u'Dx]l;of Nxfto\ emLu' l/df]6 sG6f]n emfn, jo\sM gfk g+ g]jfM do\h' x] afn'jf6f/ emfn .
nfgfRjgL . km/s Yjx] sf, l;n nf <
ps'Gx' ltlg v8\u cf]nL afn'jf6f/ emfMu' vM, jo\sM
kf;f+ wfMu' Yj do\h' bz{g oft u'ln:of+ kTofM gfk g+ g]jfM do\h' x] afn'jf6f/ emfn . afn'jf6f/ wOu'
oft, j nf wfo] dkm't . t/ lhtM wfM;f wfy]+ vMnf :o"rf6f/, g]kfn6f/, a6f/ y]+HofMu' 6f/ dv' . Yj nf
vMnf wOy]+ Rjg . 5fo\wfM;f+ kfo\l5 yHofMu' x] vF g]kfMof /fHo ;~rfng h'Ou' d]g 6f/ vM . cHofMu'
5Dx d]Dx g+ cg'ejL kf;f+ lhtM Go+s"u' vM . cfM j 6f/o\ cfM ts 5Dx afx]s d]lk+ g]jfM efh'lk+ Yo+s]
lhtM n'd+;] jofRjg . j+ wfMu' sf, ldh+t wOlk+ Aofxf dkm'lg . g]jfM do\h'lk+ wfM;f UjfMUjfM x] Yog] w'+sn .
ofo] GXoM ts v'a laGbf; h'O x+ Aofxf ofo] w'+sn hufhu yHofMu' cj:yf v+s v+s g+ g]jfM do\h'lk+t
ls s]jn bf; hs h'O x+ 5fo\wfM;f+ Aofxf lnkf sd cfFs] ofo] lhn nf <
laGbf; of lag snfMDx+ o+sL x+, efMtof efuo\ s]jn
5Dx lgDx dg"to\;+ wfMu' Go]gfu' sf, g]kfMof
bf; hs NogL x+ cn] lag Nxfto\ nfo]j+ snfMDx+ /fhgLltO nfv]+ ad"{t hs xfjL h'ofRjg x+ . co\
jx] lag k'ofM efMtoft bf; y]+ Kofv+ x'Osf tO x+ h'ofM ad"{to\;+ d]lk+ dg"to\t yxf+ jo]s] x] dlan x+ .
co\s :jo]ano\ vM g+ y]+ Rj+ . Yj ad"{ afHoflk+t g]jfM
efo\, g]jfM hflt, g]jfM clwsf/ wOu' :jo] x] doM .
t/ pldt g]jfM ef;f doM;f+ g]jfM ld;f wfM;f ;fMk
x] oMu' h'ofRjg . co\ h"u'ln+ lkg] lkg] lhNnf+ g]kfM
ufno\ 8]/f sofM RjgfRj+lk+ ad"{ afHoflk+;+ g]jfM ef;foft
g]jfM do\h'lklg ;jfno\ :jo]u' vM;f nf pldu' c:jLsf/ ofM;f+ g]jfM ld;foft wfM;f ofpFs x] :jLsf/
zlQm emg\ x] k|:6 h'Os vg] bof jO . g]jfM do\h'lk+ ofO . pld;+ g]jfM ef;fof af/] 5'+ dl;p t/ g]jfM
/fhgLltO djn wfO . g]jfM b'g] efh'lklg GXoMg] do\hl' k+ ld;fof af/] oSj+ l;p . dl;plk+ nf g]jfM efh'lk+ sf .
pls+ cfM l5+ x] woflb;F, olb yHofMu' vF l;pu'
/fhgLlts ?k+ t;s+ x] lnpg] nfM wsfM cfnf]rgf g+
h" . t/ /fhgLltO lnpg] nfM wof+ 5' ofo], afn'jf6f/ h";f 7fs'/nfn dfgGw/+ efh' lgaGw of kn];f do\h'
jgLano\ wfM;f g]jfM do\h'lk+ x] GXoMg] nfM . g]kfMof lgaGw x] dvf RjofbLu' h'O
Yj vFo\ u'ln ;Totf b', j nf dl;n . t/ ;Totf
dbo]s cy]+ wfMu' nf vO dv' h'O wOu' g+ dtL
jgfRjg . yHofMu' wfk"to\;+ jf:tjo\ So]gL do\h'lk+
wfy]+ u'ln aNnfM wOu' vF . do\h' zlQmof k|ltlaDa Yj
wfk'tL k|:6 x] vg] b' .

efh' ;'/z
] ls/0f g]kfn efiffof gf+hfDx kqsf/ j Rjld ln;]+ laZj e"ld, ;GWof 6fOD; j yf} sGxo\
g]kfnefiff 6fOD;of ;Dkfbs vM .

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lzsfuf] g]jfM
ldvf+
XofpFXofpF NjMjgfk'u' :ofpof pF
GxoQ' GXoof 3't'sL,
GXok'O
lxl;+nL doh'of gld+ UjfMu'
GotfMof lnVjfM 5fo]kL,
Gxf;+
j doh'of Gofs'+
Dxefo\ gfOs lyQ' lyof
g'un+
xfKjM lt;LgfM sl:t
lxl; ;jfM sfO,
Dx't'l;
:jfFxM af+n'ofM
lkm;Mof 5\jfn' hno\
:jt'gf jgL,

oMToM

KofMrfM nf em+
u'F Rjsf yL,
oMToM
5wL lrg]u' kn];f
dltgf+ sfMlk+
lgDx lgv]/ GoftL y]+
dxf;fu/of lkmaFo\
rfQ jfo] xO,
slj dv', sljtf hs+
u+u' rMlt+
k'ik /Tg t'nfw/
lgy's KofO,
g]kfM
sMl;of udnfo\ g+
;u{M :jfMu' u;L
3l/l; HjfFo\HjfFo\ ;O .
3l/l; ul;dfo\ ;Ou' lrrLUjMu' rfs'kfpF
;jfM jMu' l; -Passiflora coerulea_

efh' k'ik /Tg t'nfw/ g]kfn efiffof gf+hfMDx Rjld vM . jo\sMof Gxfkf+u' lrgfvF Do] lrg] lh d;M
g]= ;+= !)*# ; lkb+u' vM . 3fFo\df] -lrgfvF_ ;k"m g]= ;+= !!!@ ;+ lkb+u' b' .

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Sabin, Suvan, Suvin Gurung & Sanjina Shrestha
Chicago, Illinois

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g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1137

BK Enterprises

1916 Socorro way

Oxnard, CA 93030
BK Shrestha, Ganga Shrestha and Family
Tel 818 802 0449
Email: bkenterprisesca@yahoo.com

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Nepal Bhasa Patrika

The Pioneering Daily Newspaper in Nepal Bhasa

Dr. Rabin Man Shakya

Portland, Oregon

The antagonism that flared between the anti - and

pro - Nepal Bhasa movement during the Panchayat
regime and the fight against the Bahunbadi elites
appeared to have been the target of the Nepal Bhasa
Patrika.

Therefore, if Buddha Dharma which was the

first monthly publication edited and published by
Dharmaditya Dharmacharya in Kolkata, British
India in 1925 AD was like a bell that alarmed the
Newah people against the Rana regime for the cause
of Theravada Buddhism and Nepal Bhasa Language,
Nepal Bhasa Patrika, which was the first Nepal
Bhasa daily newspaper edited and published by Phatte
Bahadur Singh in 1955 in Kathmandu, worked like
a revolutionary bugler who blew the trumpet for
disseminating radical views on linguistic and ethnic
freedom during the repressive Panchayat period. The
fact that the Nepal Bhasa Patrika was able to come
out for 28 consecutive years continuously not only
during the short parliamentary democracy period
but during the autocratic Panchayat system was a

Nepal was totally isolated from the outside world

during the Rana autocracy, and even Nepal was not
colonized by any foreign power during her entire
history. The coup d etat orchestrated by Jung Bahadur
Rana in 1846 empowered the Ranas to usurp power
and rule the nation until 1951. Rana autocracys
downfall at the hands of the popular upheaval in the
modern history of Nepal had stunning implications
for the Nepalese people.
But before the downfall of the Rana oligarchy,
Nepal was under the repressive rule of Rana tyranny.
There was no press freedom and no freedom of
expression. Lack of conducive political conditions
and specter of Rana regimes repression those were
some of the reasons that prompted some Nepal Bhasa
activists to embark on the first magazine publication
venture in Nepal Bhasa not from within the territory
of Nepal, but from abroad.
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testimony of its commitment to the Nepal Bhasa
journalism.
The Nepal Bhasa Patrika was a one-man-show
of its founding editor Phatte Bahadur Singh in the
beginning, and the newspaper was printed in a
primitive letter press at Bhedasingh, Kathmandu,
and itusually used to come out every day with four
pages but sometimes with two pages too. It had an
unprecedented historical significance. It had witnessed
a number of vicissitudes and political upheavals in
the nation ruled by the Shah Kings.
Just as significantly, however, the 28 - year
history of the first Nepal Bhasa newspaper mirrors
the trajectory of the struggle of the Newah people
for the linguistic freedom, movement for secularism
and due recognition of Nepal Sambat. Nepal Bhasa
Patrika was the first and pioneering daily newspaper
in Nepal Bhasa, and its historical significance lies
on being the first daily newspaper in Nepal Bhasa.
Therefore, its role in enhancing and enriching the
Nepal Bhasa journalism is immense and tremendous.
Actually, it will not be an exaggeration to assert
that the history of modern Nepal Bhasa journalism
is closely inter-related with the history of the Nepal
Bhasa Patrika itself. Judging by the news stories,
editorials and commentaries published in it, the daily
newspaper was a bullhorn for middle class Newah
people in the Kathmandu valley.
Phatte Bahadur Singh, the editor of the Nepal
Bhasa Patrika, was born in 1902 in Kathmandu to
father Kuldip Singh and mother Dev Lani Singh.
The pioneer poet of Nepal Bhasa late Siddhi Das
Mahaju was the grandfather of late Singh. Nepal
was under the misrule and tyranny of the Rana rulers
until 1951. As a matter of fact, suppression of Nepal
Bhasa started immediately after the advent of Shah
Dynasty in 1768 AD. It is to be noted that the coup
d etat orchestrated by Jung Bahadur Rana in 1846
AD further paved the way for brutal and repressive
hereditary Rana prime ministership which lasted
for more than a century (1846-1951). Except for the
Mulki Ain, there were no press laws and regulations

during the notorious rule of Rana generalissimo. More

often than not, the words coming from the mouth of
the Rana prime minister used to be the law.
As morning shows the day, young Phatte Bahadur
Singh was interested in poems and writings since the
childhood. But his first poem Bamalagu Chaal (Bad
move) was published in Buddha Dharma Wa Nepal
Bhasa only in 1930 AD. The period of century old
Rana regime was the period that was void of press
freedom, freedom of expression and literary activities.
The Ranas were notoriousfor harshly punishing the
people forparticipating in the political and social
activities. The late Singh was not an exception. An
anthology of poems by various poets Nepali Vihar
was edited and published by the late Singh in 1939.
The magnum opus was printed in Bettiah, British
India.
That was a really challenging act. Publication
of undesired materials was considered a criminal
offense that could result in life imprisonment with
confiscation of properties. Singh was incarcerated
from 1941 to 1945 for his literary activities.
The editor of the first Nepal Bhasa daily
newspaper has had significant triumphs in his long
journalistic innings. In 1962, the late Phatte Bahadur
Singh was elected the president of the Federation of
Nepalese Journalists (FNJ), the umbrella organization
of the Nepalese journalists, which was then called
the Nepal Journalists Association (NJA). He also
held the leadership position of Nepal Bhasa Parishad
from 1955 to 1960. He was one of the members of
the Nepalese journalists delegation that had visited
the former Soviet Union in 1957.
It is to be noted that the Nepal Bhasa Patrika
was brought out from Kathmandu on September
28, 1955 and continued to be published until 1983.
About twoand half decades of the existence of the
newspaper was during the authoritarian Panchayat
system. It was the time when editors and journalists
were warned not to publish information, news and
views that could jeopardize the so-called national

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sensitivities. Nepal was officially proclaimed a Hindu
Kingdom. The newspapers could not openly and
directly say anything in support of secularism. But the
Nepal Bhasa Patrika always indirectly campaigned
for ethnic freedom and secularism and disseminated
news and views on Buddhism and Buddhist activities
abundantly.
As soon as the Panchayat system of governance
was introduced, the Nepal Bhasa daily news
broadcasting was stopped by Radio Nepal. Later on,
a radio program Jeevan Daboo was also scrapped.
The study of Nepal Bhasa as an optional language
in the high schools was also discontinued. These
were just the tips of the iceberg. The press had an
important role to play to denounce such activities
of the Panchayat government. Nepal Bhasa Patrika
and some other Nepali newspapers deplored those
government acts but they all fell on deaf ears. The
Nepal Bhasa Patrika as such was unabashedly antiPanchayat. It was not afraid of disseminatingnews
and views on Nepal Bhasa movement that would
displease the Panchayat stalwarts.
One of the distinctive features of the journalistic
period during the Panchayat system is that while
the opposition newspapers, which included the
Nepal Bhasa Patrika, were busy doing the mission
journalism playing the watchdog role, the proPanchayat newspapers were playing lapdog roles at
the hands of the powerful regime stalwarts.

system and its leaders sold the most newspapers and

the Nepal Bhasa Patrika was also one of them.
Therefore, during the tyrannical Panchayat period,
Nepal Bhasa Patrika was increasingly becoming a
household name among the Newah community in
the Kathmandu Valley, and the journalistic legacy it
bore was incomparable.
Given the lackluster performance of the media
lapdogs and their pro-Panchayat agenda and seemingly
sycophantic attitudes of those newspapers, the role
played by the newspapers like Nepal Bhasa Patrika
and other anti-Panchayat Nepali newspapers was
really formidable. And to be anti-Panchayat during
the Panchayat period was like playing with fire. The
newspaper had to face the trials and tribulations for
being a true voice of the Newah people. Its editor
Phatte Bahadur Singh was interrogated and even
intimidated by the Panchayat government for what the
newspaper wrote. It was obvious that the accusations
and charges made against the newspaper by the
authoritarian Panchayat government were trumped
up and possibly politically motivated.
The economic challenges and problems
which were faced by the Nepal Bhasa Patrika visa-vis otherNepali newspapers at that time were
indeedpalpable since it had to compete in the
newsstands with the Nepali newspapers with more
resources, readership and influence.

Similarly, one of the distinctive characteristics

of the Nepalese print media during the Panchayat
period was publishing speculative and sensational
pieces of news. Various Nepalese newspapers were
found disseminating speculative pieces or overhyping
some political events. But the Nepal Bhasa Patrika
always distanced itself from gossips, speculations
and sensationalism.

During the Panchayat regime, the political parties

and organizations were not allowed to function. It
was the media which had to work as the platforms
for disseminating political awareness. Many antiPanchayat newspapers including the Nepal Bhasa
Patrika always raised their voice for more press
freedom, freedom of expression and restoration of
democracy.

Even during the authoritarian Panchayatregime

so many publications existed; competition was
intense. Criticism of monarchy and the Panchayat
system was severely dealt with, but those which were
able to indirectly denounce and criticize the Panchayat

Taking into consideration the fact that

theresimply were no TV and Internet at that time
(not even radio programs for Newah listeners), the
Nepal Bhasa Patrika was the only newspaper to which
the Newah readers could rely on for news, views and

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other information in their own language. During the
Panchayat period, the newspapers had an important
role to play to create an environment in order to
save the nation from the tyranny, to wage the war
for the press freedom and freedom of expression. It
was at that juncture that the importance of the Nepal
Bhasa Patrika, as the only one newspaper for the
Newah community, had been increased greatly by
the spread of awareness of the united Nepal Bhasa
movement. If we go by the assumption that a local
newspaper in your own mother tongue is a key source
for local information, then the only Nepal Bhasa
daily newspaper had a major impact on the lives of
the Newah people in the Kathmandu valley.
Quintessentially, Nepal Bhasa Patrika was a
daily newspaper which championed the cause of
Nepal Bhasa development and linguistic freedom in
Nepal, which is why there is no doubt that the first
Nepal Bhasa newspaper was an effective voice that
was instrumental in disseminating news stories and
views about Nepal Bhasa movement and about the
activities of the local Newah organizations.
The Nepal Bhasa Patrika has always been about
the community events of the Newah people in the
Kathmandu valley. Six decades ago, Nepal Bhasa
Patrikas visionary founder Phatte Bahadur Singh
introduced Newah readers to a new kind of newspaper,
one that gave Newah readers news and views in their
own language and the materials they could not find in
other Nepali newspapers: clear, concise and unbiased.
Well, the pro-Nepal Bhasa bias of the newspaper
was always palpable. But given the step-motherly
attitude of the Panchayat government vis-a-vis the
Nepal Bhasa and Nepal Sambat, that bias was was
genuine, relevant and time tested.

The antagonism that flared between the anti-and

pro-Nepal Bhasa movement during the Panchayat
regime and the fight against the Bahunbadi elites
appeared to have been the target of the Nepal Bhasa
Patrika.
The struggle of the Newah people for the equal
linguistic freedom and activities to bolster movement
for recognition of Nepal Sambat were reflected in
the contents of the Nepal Bhasa Patrika: in the news
stories, commentaries, editorial and letters to editor.
As soon as Nepal was declared Federal
Democratic Republic in 2008, journalistic scenario
in Nepal Bhasa started to flourish. Yet that optimistic
scenario is doing little to duly recognize Nepal Bhasa
and Nepal Sambat. Therefore, it is a bitter truth there
are too many Nepal Bhasa newspapers and periodicals
today but too little national will to duly recognize
Nepal Bhasa and Nepal Sambat.
Today, Nepal is Federal Democratic Republic.
But the democratically elected government is not
paying due attention to the peoples woes. The ethnic
problem is enflamingthe nation, but the government
does not givea damn about it. This is a testimony
that the ruling as well as the opposition parties are
not serious about the nation and the people, they
are just preoccupied with their partisan agenda of
sticking to power and enforcing the grand designs
of changing the government.
Looking at the modus operandi of the mainstream
Nepalese political parties, it looks like they lack
the democratic culture and political credibility. The
mainstream political parties are still ill-prepared
and lack credibility to deal with wide ranging issues
including the ethnic movement with the demand of
identity.

Dr. Rabin Man Shakya, a Portland based writer, is former assistant editor at the RSS, former associate
editor at The Rising Nepal and former lecturer of journalism at the Peoples' Campus. He is also advisor of
Nepa Chhen, a Portland based non-profit and Education Director of NRN-NCC-USA Oregon chapter.

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PAINTING AS A TREATMENT
FOR HERPES ZOSTER
itching to extreme pain and spreads at a faster rate on
the body.(Chitrakar, 2063 B.S., p. 135)

Dr. Junu Basukala Ranjitkar

Nepal

According to the renown Paubha artist, Lok Chitakar,

the Chitrakar never request for money but a patient
gives some fees to Chitrakar for his service. It is
assumed that if the Chitrakar is not satisfied, the
patient does not get relief from the pain. It is the duty
of Chitrakar to serve the patient than taking money.
The Newar community uses painting as a medical
treatment for herpes zoster. Herpes zoster is a viral
disease in human beings which may appear on any part
of human body. It comes in the complicated part of the
body and gets replicated or expands around the body if
not cured. The Newar community believes that if the
herpes zoster emerges on any part of the body, he or she
will die. It is known as Janai Khatira in Nepali like as a
string of Janai on the body. Since it moves around the
body, the Newar people perceive it as the bite of Janai
nag or the nag of the well at Itumvahal of Kathmandu.
They term it as 'jvanakai', composed of three words: jva,
na and Kai respectively. 'Jva' means a pair, 'na' stands for
nag and 'kai' signifies viral disease in the Newa language.
It is also called as 'jalanagan nyagu'.(Chitrakar, 2066
B.S., p. 29) In the beginning phase, the disease starts
as apainfulskin rash withblisters spreading over a
limited area. Eventually, the rash becomes from mild

Scientifically, herpes zoster is a viral infection.

There are two kinds of viral infection: herpes simplex
and herpes zoster. Of these two types of infection,
the first infection is simple and the second one is
complicated. (Chitrakar, 1128 N.S., p.38) Chitrakar
says the figures of lions are a remedy for the suffering of
herpes zoster. Traditionally, the Chitrakar make drawings
of lions facing each other keeping the herpes zoster in
between. However, if any member of the Chitrakars
family get affected by herpes zoster, it is not cured by
the painting figures of lions by the same family. In this
case, the disease is cured by drawing lions by another
member from next Chitrakar family.(Chitrakar, 2066
B.S.,p.29) The herpes zoster may be spread around the
body with the first part as head and next part as tail. The
Chitrakars draw normally two lions covering both parts.
The number of lions to be drawn needs to be increased
according to the condition of herpes zoster.
Both the Chitrakar and the patient must be of empty
stomach for painting the figures of lions. The reason of
fasting is related with religious belief. Amir Bahadur
Chitrakar writes, "It is believed that there is invisible
essence of seven rishis and eight chirangibis in the form
of body in the earth, like that way, there is presence
of god's invisible power in white lions." (Chitrakar,

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2066 B.S., p.29). Chitrakar draws pictures of lions in a
position of attacking and crunching herpes zoster using
three colours: white, red and black. The white colour
is for head, leg and body of lion; red is colour for hair,
tail, wings, moustache and eyebrows and the black
colour is for outlining of whole figure. The figure slowly
disappears with decreasing size of herpes zoster. White
colour used for drawing lions is made up of the conch
dust for soothing effect. Red color is earth element,
signifying the burning of the bad elements. A kind of
cinnabar is used for red colour. A line of black colour
protects the evil elements. (Chitrakar, 2063 B.S., p.135)
Chemically, white colour material is zinc oxide, red one
is sulphur martcarrie and black one is carbon. These
three colours are made using mixture of saresh. Premlal
Chitrakar says that the chemical reaction of mixture
of saresh and the three colours cures the herpes zoster
(Chitrakar, 1128 N.S., p.29). The readymade colour are
not used for painting lions. Chitrakar makes new colour
from any kind of leaf to cure communicable disease. It is
believed that that viral infection is prevented from new
colour. If the herpes zoster appears on a limb, a picture
of lions is drawn on a Nepali paper and pasted over the
herpes zoster. (Chitrakar, 1128 N.S., p.29)
The Newars of Kathmandu believe that if herpes
zoster appears on any part of body, a pair of nag-nagini
of Itumvahal well is angry with to the patient. So,
people still worships the nag and nagini of Itumvahal.
Essential worshipping materials required for the nag
and nagini are a special kind of leaf (kusha lapte), two
kishali, naivedya, golden dust, pui, jajanka, dhupa, cow's
milk and water put on the two small clay bowl (shali),
shishabusha (pieces of pea, orange, carrot, raddish,
apple, pear etc). Preparing these worshipping things
ready, one of the patient's family member of patient
is not allowed to speak until Vajracharya of Tahanani,
Itumvahal is not arrived. A Vajracharya worships the
nag-nagini of Itumvahal well. It is said that Vajracharya
should be fed to the nag-nagini of well at the 9 o' clock. It
is also stated that a pair of nag-nagini are deaf, therefore,
Vajracharya should be woken from the vajra marked
bell and then he worships in the well. The person who
manages the worshipping materials is not allowed to
speak to anybody; a friend going along with him/ her
to Itumvahal must tell the patient's name. Nowadays,

a family member of patient writes a patient's name on

a paper and gives to Vajracharya. The worshipping
materials are not allowed to bring back home once
proceeded. The patient's family may give some amount
to Vajracharya for preparing essential things and he
arranges necessary materials and worships nag-nagini
of Itumvahal well with empty stomach. (Chitrakar, 2066
B.S., p.29) If the nag-nagini are not satisfied from the
worshipping things or cut off the pui or if worshipping
things are not enough, it is believed that the nag-nagini
appears in a dream at night. The worshipping day is not
suitable on the Sunday because it is perceived that true
naga and nagini are fasting on the Sunday. Shakya and
Vajracharya are exchanged on the Sunday. It seems that
this treatment is combination of science, ayurveda and
religious beliefs.

According to the renown Paubha artist, Lok

Chitakar, the Chitrakar never request for money but
a patient gives some fees to Chitrakar for his service.
It is assumed that if the Chitrakar is not satisfied, the
patient does not get relief from the pain. It is the duty
of Chitrakar to serve the patient than taking money. Lok

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Stutee,
Surendra and Vedanth Shrestha

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Chitrakar mentions that the old three cities of Kathmandu
valley are culturally different from each other. The
people of Kathmandu give some money to Chitrakar;
in Lalitpur some amount along with kishali is provided
and in Bhaktapur one mana of rice, some rupees and
one supari is presented to Chitrakar. Nowadays, some
amount of money is also added in Bhaktapur.
Lok Chitrakar mentions about the home made
treatment. Some amount of white til, pure cow's milk
and white grass are mixed with each other to make
a paste. The paste is applied on the herpes zoster to
relieve the patient from the pain in such a way that
other medicines are not further required. (Chitrakar,
2063 B.S., p.136) Traditionally, the paste is applied on
the herpes zoster using the feather of pigeon. This paste
relieves from mild itching to extreme pain of the herpes
zoster. A paste should also be applied after writing the
lions. This system is still being followed.
Kiran Chitrakar says, "Mantra should be chanted
before writing the lions. This mantra is not revealed
to anybody. Herpes zoster comes on the human being
body because the naga-nagini are angry with him/
her. Previously, the Kathmandu valley was a pond
and therefore herpes zoster comes to the people of
Kathmandu Valley. Chitrakar draw only lions sketches
to relief from herpes zoster". But other artist also draw
lions to provide relief from herpes disease. Fame Paubha
artists Premman Chitrakar says, "Mantra is not necessary
before making the lions drawings. He also says that a
mantra is given by the Vajracharya priest during the
initiation time. Vajracharya commitments to the students
are not told to anybody. It is believed that mantra is not
effective once revealed to somebody. He also says that
Chitrakar is not the only cast to make picture of lions,
the other cast of artists also to draw sketches of lions.
Previously, a drawing is made by Chitrakar family only.

According to him, in fact herpes zoster comes from

the cause of irregularity of carbon element. It is not
relieved from the modern medicine. Herpes zoster is
relieved from the colour. It is proved that herpes zoster
is treated from the three colours red, black and white.
He also says that white colour is made of lime stone or
conch. It changes soft skin to hard skin and hard skin
to soft skin. Red colour is made of Hingula. Hingula is
mixture of sulphur and mercury. These two elements
are contrasting. Mercury opens the closed skin hair and
sulphur clean the every hole of body.
There is no written document and legend about
the technique of treatment of herpes zoster. But lion is
the powerful god and is worshipped since Kirat period.
Thus, Amir Bahadur Chitakar assumes that the drawing
of lions sketches for herpes zoster perhaps started from
the Kirat period.
Every Newar believes this treatment. It is still being
used for treatment by both educated and non-educated
people. It is proved that painting is used as a medical
treatment for herpes zoster. It seems that this treatment
is combination of science, ayurveda and religious
beliefs.
References:
Chitrakar, Amir Bahadur, "Upatyekako Kalasanskriti
ra Chitrakar (Pun) Samudayeko Bhumika, pp. 36-39",
Matina: Amrita Shrestha, 2066 B.S. Jestha, Year 3,
No. 10
Chitrakar, Lok, "Janai Khatirama Janavar Simha,
pp. 134-135", SewaDootharuko Dastaveja, Kathmandu:
Miteri Mancha Nepal, 2063 B.S.
Chitrakar, PremLal, "Jalanagang Punahagu bare
Ghigu Parampara Chagu Adhyana, pp. 36-39", Nali,
Yeh: Eloha Prakashan, 1128 N.S. Year 4, No. 4

Dr. Junu Basukala is a visiting faculty of Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Centre for
Art & Design, Kathmandu University, Sugat Boudhya Mahavidhyala, Lumbini. She has published three
Books Bhaktapurko Panchadana Parva, Dhamadoota and Charumati Stupa and many general & research
articles in different magazines and journals.

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g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1137

Mt. Everest Restaurant

630 Church Street, Evanston, IL 60201

Phone: (847) 491 1069

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NEPALS ENVIRONMENT IS GETTING

BETTER, ....... REALLY !

We are lucky that in Nepal, many such recently rehabilitated forests are
reporting top carnivores like leopards coming back as they can find prey
like deer and the deer can find food, unlike the millions of hectares of
Silent Spring in USA where we have trees, trees, trees, silent with no
crickets, all killed by pesticides nor any carnivores like wolves decimated
by the gun crazy Americans.

Prof. Amulya Ratna Tuladhar

Nepal

We are used to bemoaning that everything is getting

worse in Nepal: Oh yes. Politics? Down the tubes!
Economics? Forever Poor! Pollution? Oh the Air is
Unbreathable in Kathmandu!
And the Environment? Ooops deforestation,
denudation, glacier melt, erosion, fragile mountains,
losing ground and wasnt Nepal Himalayas getting
washed away to the Bay of Bengal to make new islands
off Bangladesh?
But, Nooooo! Evidence is accumulating that the
Environment, as we know it, is actually getting better,
much better. One such recent evidence is the increase in
forest area over the last twenty years from 1994-2014,
a little over 5%. This number looks modest but it is an
unmistakable turnaround from decades to centuries of
deforestation in Nepal.

After Nepal opened up to the outer world in

1950s and the advent of pesticides such as DDT, an
explicit policy was adopted to release the population
pressure from the ecologically dense Mid Hills and the
Mountains, where more than two-thirds of the Nepalese
lived, to the Terai, where by 2011, now, more than half
of the Nepalese live. In sixty years of development,
Nepal witnessed massive deforestation, denudation, soil
erosion all over the landscape; some estimate half of all
Nepals forests was lost due to development in what
was known then as the great Himalayan Environmental
Degradation Theory of 1976 but the exact figures were
open to dispute, some even alleging uncertainties of
Himalayan scales.
Getting good quality data is difficult and expensive.
The first large scale measurement of Nepals forests was
done for the Terai forests only by USAID supported aerial

Scholars claim that deforestation was a

process and policy ever since Prithvi Narayan
Shah decided that he needed more revenue flow
to support his standing army. So he exhorted his
subjects to increase the population and labor to
clear up the remaining lands in the hills and vales
for agriculture. As a result, the modern nation
could thus support a population increase from
about 3 million in 1768 to 8 million by 1952/54. To
support the extra 5 million more Nepalese, a lot of
forests were cleared: Environment deteriorated!
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photography in 1964/65; but the Hills and the Mountains
were excluded. Only three, national-scale measurements
of entire Nepals landscape (or the environment) have
been made so far: a) 1978 Land Resource Mapping
Project, b) 1994 National Forest Inventory and c)
2014 Forest Resources Assessment. These techniques
used the latest technology available from aerial
photogrammetry, satellite imagery analysis, geographic
information system, global positioning system, LIDAR
and Rapid Eye satellite imagery together with in-house
permanent sample plots and expert human resources in
the Topographical Survey to Forest Resources Survey
and massive technical and financial support from donor
countries such as Canada and Finland, for periods of
4-5 years.
These large scale, multi-year studies are considered
the most reliable dataset, more so than the smaller scale
studies done at village, district, watershed or regional
scales. From 1978-1994, the forest area decreased at
an average annual rate of 0.5%, from 42.7% to 39.6%
of the countrys area. However, from 1994-2014, the
forest area increased at an annual rate of 0.27%. The
State of Nepal Forests, 2015, reveals that we now have
6.61 million hectares of forests, or an increase of 5.31%
or 780,000 hectares more even after we account for
patches of deforestation still occurring in patches of
the Terai, see map below:
A major claimant to the credit of forest area
turnaround is the community forestry scheme Nepal

launched in 1978 to arrest deforestation and degradation

by handing over all degraded forests, some 70% of
the total forest area, to the communities using them
and persuading them to take care of them with legally
guaranteed promises of the shares of benefits from
such rehabilitated forests. Now in 2016, nearly 35%
of the Nepals forests are managed by nearly 35% of
the Nepals population participating in over 18,000
community forestry user groups. The role of community

forestry in turning denuded hills to verdant slopes is not

disputed, as the pictures below show; but in Terai, the
claim is more contested.
There are other macro-processes beyond the
government schemes such as community forestry or
Hariyo Ban, Multi Stakeholder Program, Landscape
Conservation Approach, to name a few. All the state
policies or failure of policies driving out-migration and
emigration have a net result of reducing the population
pressure on rural natural resources including forests.
These processes have increased in scale to result in net
depopulation (i.e. decline in population) in over a third
of Nepals 75 districts and the official count of absentee
population was nearly 2 million in the 2011 census. So

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it is quite reasonable to expect the forests to come back.
And it has come back with resilience due to the
ecology of warm monsoon climate and relatively
milder scale of environmental degradation according
to a study done by Clark University in 1995. In more
harsh ecologies and under more critical human use as in
the case of Aral Sea, drained nearly fully by the former
USSR to provide irrigation water for cotton farming in
the Muslim dominated region, the Aral Sea is beyond
ecological rehabilitation, since it is estimated that it
would take 75 years of refill by the Amu Darya river
into the Aral without any water being diverted by the
multiple Muslim countries that have seceded from USSR
such as Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, etc. We are
lucky that in Nepal many such recently rehabilitated
forests are reporting top carnivores like leopards coming
back as they can find prey like deer and the deer can find
food, unlike the millions of hectares of Silent Spring in
USA where we have trees, trees, trees, silent with no
crickets, all killed by pesticides nor any carnivores like
wolves decimated by the gun crazy Americans. Nepals
environment would have come back even if community
forestry had failed.
Going from forest recovery, Nepal can even claim
gains in climate change environmental mitigation. In
1994, the Initial National Communication of Nepal to
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC), estimated a total contribution of
0.025% of the global greenhouse gases that include
among others carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous
oxide. By 2014, Nepals contribution to total greenhouse
gases at 0.027% ought to be even less, according to the
country brief submitted to the UNFCCC, since it has
increased forest area by 5.3%, which means there are
now more forests to take out the carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere and lock it into tree tissues, a process called

carbon sequestration. The agricultural sector of crops and

forestry contribute over 80% of the greenhouse gases by
Nepal so even with an increase of carbon dioxide from
the fuel burning in less than 20% of total emissions,
Nepals contribution to global greenhouse gases ought
to be less than reported. Further, global carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere has increased from around 350 parts
per million to a little over 400, so Nepals contribution
ought to be a lot less proportion of global greenhouse
gases and doing better than 135 other nations to make
the global environment better.
The environmental discourse in Nepal, as in all
over the globe, is too alarmist and there are immanent
political interests driving such a path, and stupidity
is not one of them. For the global players and their
Nepali enclave of officials and experts, the alarmist
discourse ensures the flow of global dollars to save
the world and humanity but really to mask excuses for
hitherto colonial powers to maintain their leverage in
Nepal; and for Nepal insiders, the money helps alleviate
unemployment for the environment and sustainable
development manpower, as pointed by Professor Judith
Guthman of University of California in Los Angeles in
her 2002 article. Such a discourse has done an overall
disservice to the environmental advocacy worldwide
including Nepal since they tend to be dismissed as
Crying Wolves. And we have in Nepal examples of
respectable INGO reports predicting that all trees would
disappear by 2000 and all glaciers would melt by 2035.
What such discourses lack is the role of human agency
in responding to such environmental degradation; such
responses first appear as too little, too late but these do
gather momentum and efficiency and do turn around
the trajectory of environmental degradation as has
happened in forestry in Nepal. So the environment in
Nepal is getting better, . Really !

Amulya Ratna Tuladhar is a professor of environmental sciences in universities of Nepal.

He was initially trained as forester and taught at the Institute of Forestry of Nepal and then continued
nearly a decade of post graduate studies in Virginia Tech and Clark University and then returned to Nepal
to teach environmental sciences.
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g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Happy New Year

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Nepal Sambat 1137

Kiran, Rabina,
Maya & Abhay Byanjankar

Saraswoti, Uday, Satya,

Binay & Biswo Maharjan

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Happy New Year

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Nepal Sambat 1137

Shrawan, Sarita
and
Sapana Shrestha

Rami Pradhan and Umesh Joshi

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Skokie, Illinois

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Naperville, Illinois

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Warrenville, Illinois

Lincolnwood, Illinois

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USE OF JHII IN NEPAL BHASA:

POLITENESS AND SOLIDARITY: AN INTERPLAY OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

Dr. Jyoti Tuladhar,

Cascais, Portugal
Nepal Bhasa has a number of intriguing linguistic
features, some of which display unique communication
patterns, when used to convey a special indirect
meaning. One example that comes to mind immediately,
is the use of pronoun jhii/jhipi~ with specific
meanings.
One of the most fascinating aspects of language use
is that communication takes place not only through our
choice of words, sentence constructions and pronunciation
but also through use of social conventions associated with
different social contexts. We may say words clearly
anduselong, complex sentences with correct grammar,
but still have a communication problem if we have
not mastered the rules for sociallanguageknown as
pragmatics. Pragmatics1is concerned with the use of
languagein social contexts and the ways in which people
produce and comprehend meanings throughlanguage.
Some features are noticeable and are recognized within the
community as having a particular social meaning but there
are other indirect features or sociolinguistic indicators
associated with only certain social characteristics.
1

Pragmaticsis a subfield of linguistics and semiotics that studies the

ways in which context in which language is used actually contributes
to meaning.Speech act theory, conversational implicature, talk in
interaction and other approaches tolanguagebehaviour in philosophy,
sociology, linguistics and anthropology are included in a study of
pragmatics.

Language provides us with many of the categories

we use for expression of our thoughts. The values and
customs in the country we grow up in shape the way
in which we think to a certain extent. It is therefore
natural to assume that our thinking is influenced by and
also influences the language which we use. There is a
hypothesis of linguistic relativity known as SapirWhorf
hypothesis or Whorfianism2 that holds that the structure of
a language affects its speakers' cognition or world view.
The Eskimo, for instance, has many words to describe
snow: the wet snow, the snow currently falling and so
on, while the English has only one. Therefore an Eskimo
perceives the snow in a different way than an English
person. The Dani people, a farming group from New
Guinea have only two words to describe the two basic
colours: dark and bright. Hence a Dani person cannot
differentiate colours as well as an English person is able
to. There are over 10 different ways in Japanese language
to describe rain in the different seasons and they have a
wide choice of words when describing wind.
This hypothesis of linguistic relativity has been
considered controversial and has been examined
experimentally3 through use of colour categories among
speakers of various languages. Arguments prove that even
though language is not totally constrained by thought and
the way we think is not completely determined by the
language we use; it is true that the subtle distinctions we
make in language use are definitely guided by our world
view, as part of our cultural value systems.
Newa: culture has a certain world view in which
specific cultural values are given high priority. For
example, expressing solidarity and inclusiveness in
polite forms among ourselves is a prime cultural value.
Though we have grammatical features or sentence
patterns to express this, in some contexts we go beyond
2

A controversial hypothesis, first advanced by Edward Sapir in 1929 and

subsequently developed by Benjamin Whorf, that the structure of a
language determines a native speaker's perception and categorization of
experience.
3

D. Roberson, I. Davies & J. Davidoff (2000): Colour categories are not

universal: Replications and new evidence in favour of linguistic relativity.
J. of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 369-398.

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and systematically adopt specialized ways of conveying
distinct meanings by implication. Many of us may not
even be conscious of adopting those speech styles because
they have become deeply rooted in our patterns of thinking
and interacting.
Nepal Bhasa has a number of intriguing linguistic
features, some of which display unique communication
patterns, when used to convey a special indirect meaning.
One example that comes to mind immediately, is the use
of pronoun jhii/jhipi~ with specific meanings. All of us
are familiar with two personal plural pronouns in Nepal
Bhasa which convey the same meaning as in English
we but with a distinct difference in implications and
usage. Jhii/jhipi~ means we in the plural, an inclusive
pronoun, expressing solidarity between the speaker and
all hearers that is all of us, you and me together. It
is different from jipi~ meaning we (also plural) but
exclusive of the hearer that is the hearer is not included as
part of we. Thus Nepal Bhasa makes a clear pronominal
distinction between two kinds of pronoun, inclusive and
exclusive in second person plural jipi~ and jhiipi~.
This in itself is a unique feature of our language.
In English, for comparison, we just have we as
an ambiguous second person plural pronoun. If we want
to be more expressive of inclusiveness, we would have
to say we all as in American English or all of us as
an alternative usage. In Nepali, the word used is hami/
hamiharu that can be interpreted as we all or just
we. To be more explicit, Nepali usage dictates the use
of hami/haru sabai. Many languages demonstrate a
similar pattern.
Apart from this inclusive/exclusive distinction,
we have a much more interesting usage of how the
inclusive jhii is used in various Speech Acts4: questions,
instructions, admonishments, suggestions, etc. to convey a
very high level of politeness and solidarity. The following
examples can illustrate this:
A normal question can be asked politely and directly
Chhigu n chhu kha? - What is your name? But very
often, the same question is asked in this way: Jhiigu n
chu the~? which literally means What is OUR name?
4

A Speech Act in linguistics is an utterance that has performative function

in language and communication when we offer an apology, greeting,
request, complaint, invitation, compliment, or refusal. A speech act might
contain just one word, as in "Sorry!" to perform an apology, or several
words or sentences: "Im sorry I forgot your birthday. I just let it slip my
mind." Speech acts include real-life interactions and require not only
knowledge of the language but also appropriate use of that language
within a given culture.

This form is mostly used when the speakers intention is

to convey a sense of inclusiveness, a shared status with
the hearer and is an indirect affirmation of solidarity and
respect. Similarly Jhiigu chhe~ gana the~? literally
means Where do WE live? Jhii gomha masta du the~?
How many children do WE have? Many questions can
be formed in this manner using the pronoun jhii where
normally chhi would suffice. If one is not familiar with
this usage, s/he may be confused as to what is being asked.
My son who grew up in the United States and has only
basic working knowledge of Nepal Bhasa was perplexed
several times when relatives from our family would ask
him: Amerikay jhiigu che~ gana the~? meaning where
is our home in America? He, of course, understood jhii
as meaning we (inclusive) but this usage of jhii to
imply you in polite questions, affirming solidarity and
polite respect was unfamiliar to him.
There are many other examples of how jhii is
used, for example, in conveying polite instructions.
Jhiisa~ thugu khe~ puba~ka bicha: ya:ye ma:
literally means We should think carefully on this or
Let us think carefully on this but actually implies
YOU must think carefully on this. The instruction
could have been directly given as Chhikipisa~ thugu
khe~ puba~ka bicha: ya:ye ma: but the speaker chooses
this indirect style. Why?
Jhiisa~ thwo kha~ thu: ki mathu? Do we understand
this or not? Ambiguous implications are conveyed: it
could mean do YOU understand this? or do WE
understand this?
We use this form often also in making polite requests:
Jhiisa~ thwo jya: bhacha: ya:kana~ ya:ye ma:li.
YOU (WE) should finish this work quickly, implying
You must finish this work quickly, please! Jhipi~
iile he thya~ka wane ma:li. WE should arrive on time,
implying Make sure you arrive on time!
Why are we using jhii instead of chhi in these
examples? In what social contexts does language allow
using this communication form? How widely prevalent
is this pattern? Is this where the interplay of culture and
language demonstrates itself? I am sure that these issues
have been explored by some of our eminent linguists but
all of us should be aware of how sophisticated Nepal
Bhasa is in use of indirect Speech Acts to convey various
implications.

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Newa: culture is intrinsically inclusive and
assimilative. For centuries, the indigenous Newa:
communities of Kathmandu Valley have assimilated
various waves of incoming ruling families and communities
which have then adopted and adapted the Newa: value
systems and culture en toto. Despite oppression and
neglect by the State, the cultural sophistication of the
Newa: heritage and the inner solidarity of its peoples is
so strong that we still remain united under the banner
of One Language and One Culture. The numerous types
of socially and religiously binding organizations/guthis
within the Newa: social structures indicate how the
principles of solidarity and inclusiveness rank very high
in our value system. This is reflected in our language
use too.
Extreme care is taken to ensure that the relationship
between the speaker and hearer within a conversational

discourse is maintained comfortable and appropriate

linguistically. Formal/informal usage of the language
demonstrates a wealth of lexicon (nouns and verbs)
that is used differently in different contexts. Indirect
and polite ways of communication amply demonstrate
the sophisticated usage of our language. A thorough
analysis of Nepal Bhasa discourse patterns would
reveal how the roles of the participants in a conversation
are guided by norms of solidarity and how speakers
express closeness or shared status with the hearers and
also identify differences in social standings among
participants. In promoting our language, therefore, it is
very crucial to reflect upon how our cultural priorities
are transmitted so distinctly through language usage
patterns in conversation, and how our value systems
gain expression in various speech acts demonstrating a
clear interplay of language, culture and thought.

Dr. Jyoti Tuladhar is actively committed to promoting gender equality and cultural and linguistic rights of
indigenous communities in Nepal. She is a co-founding member of Nepal Bhasa Academy and ex-President
of Nepal Bhasa Misa Khala. She is a linguist with a Ph.D. on "Constituency and Negation in Newari" from
Georgetown University in Washington D.C. and was working as the Senior Specialist with the UN/ILO in
Geneva for many years before she retired in 2010. She is currently working as an independent international
expert on gender issues and social development.

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Happy New Year

Happy New Year

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Nepal Sambat 1137

Nepal Sambat 1137

Bidya and Bibek Shrestha

Ganga Maya, Dinesh,

Ganga & Neha Pradhan

Chicago, Illinois

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Chicago, Illinois

lzsfuf] g]jfM

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Happy New Year

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Nepal Sambat 1137

Wendy and Sharda Thapa

Kumar Shrestha and Family

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Chicago, Illinois

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Chicago, Illinois

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt Gx"Fbof leGt'gf

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Surya, Jevina, Shruti, and Suvam Shrestha
Ventura, California
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GENDER DIFFERENCES

DUE TO SOCIAL ASPECTS

Shrasta Tayo Tamrakar
Chicago, Illinois

Gender differences around the world have been a

heated topic for many decades as society distinguishes
and classifies men and women differently. Once an
individual is given life and their sex is determined,
they are placed into the two groups. If one is said to be
a female, she soon conforms into the feminine norms
given by the society, and vice versa for males. A female
has to be delicate, empathetic, and sensitive, whereas a
male has to be strong, dominant, and aggressive. Even
though human bodies are dissimilar physiologically in
various ways, social practices contribute to the renovation
of how males and females should behave, feel and fit
into society. The gender classifications that are seen
as norms in almost everyones eyes is due to social
processes and practices that fit into every individuals
upbringing and daily lives. Various social processes and
practices must be analyzed and to fully understand why
males and females are classified into masculine and
feminine characteristics, and the reason why it is seen
and valued as norms.
When an individual is given life, their sex is
determined right away, and their life starts. However,
a newborns cognitive and behavioral aspects have not
fully developed. According to Barbara Rogoff (2003),
Human development is a cultural process (p. 3).
Individuals are taught to develop their gender through
cultural tools and practices to fully develop their identity.
Gender is learned and acquired through socialization and
rituals concentrated on gender specific roles.
One aspect of socializing and gendering at the same
time is sports. Sports play a significant role not only in
socialization, but also helping children at young ages
develop their abilities to lean towards their specific
gender roles. It is often stated that all boys love sports,
however that is not particularly true. Michael Messner
(1990) states that so many males are rejected, alienated,
or lose interest in sports, yet males are still judged harshly

on how well they perform in sports or sports related

activities (p. 56). Sports have become, especially for
men, a way to construct their masculinity. Boys and men
who play sports are seen to have ideal masculine traits.
They are portrayed as strong, dominant, competitive,
and aggressive. Even though sports is offered to and
can be played by both men and women, it is considered
more serious for men.
Due to female attributes and physiological
differences against men, women in sports are not taken
as seriously as men. Since women and especially their
bodies are seen as gentle, fragile, and wiry, their full
potential in sports do not come out due to the bizarre
biasness in sports and sports related activities. According
to Lorber (2011), Speed, size, and strength seem to
be the essence of sports. Women are naturally inferior
at sports so conceived (p. 45). If mens basketball
and womens basketball were compared based on the
equipment and rules, they seem like two completely
different sports. The size of a womens basketball is
between 28 and 29 inches in circumference whereas
a mens basketball is between 29 and 30 inches in
circumference. Womens hands are smaller than mens
hands on average, so its easier for women to handle
the smaller ball (Silverman, 2014). Due to the slight
physical difference between men and women, the whole
game is changed. Even though girls who do play sports
are often viewed as tomboys or less feminine than other
girls, the differences in men and women sports shows
girls and boys growing up playing sports that girls can
never be as strong and masculine as boys.
Mass media has become one of the most significant
forces in society. Mass media is able to shape and create
the society. In advertisement, there are various gender
displays of women and men in various feminine
and masculine positions that does not seem odd to
individuals at all because we view these gender displays

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are normal. When an individual looks at an advertisement
with men and women posing in masculine and feminine
postures respectively, we are not startled by these postures,
but rather see them as norms. Media has the ability to
strengthen individuals thoughts on the gender norms
of males and females. For example, in advertisements,
female hands are seen resting or just tracing outlines
of objects. Their hands are portrayed to be light, soft
and caressing. In contrast, male hands are positioned
in assertive, controlling and bold. Female hands let the
environment control them, while male hands manipulate
the environment. Women also tend to be in breathless
positions, holding themselves protectively as the body
is viewed to be delicate and in need of protection. It is
extremely rare to see men in advertisements portrayed
in these types of positions. Seeing men in positions that
women are typically seen in is out of the norm in this
society. We as human beings who see males as masculine
and females as feminine are conditioned to believe
that men utilizing these postures are not real men (The
Codes of Gender, 2009).
The Western culture also heavily influences the
way women and men are supposed to position their
bodies to make them look more masculine or feminine.
Women tend to be more affected and worry about their
bodily images than men. With fashion trends and
styles continuously being changed or updated, women
have the urge to keep up with these impossible trends.
Currently women are ideally craved to be slim and smallbreasted with the perfect hourglass figure, however,
since ordinary women have normally quite different
dimensions, they must of course diet (Weitz, 2009,
p. 80). Women are constantly watching their weight
due to the fact that society monitors womens bodily
features more closely than men. Women who do not
look like models and are slim and fit are often viewed
as unattractive. In a survey where 260 ULCA students
were interviewed, 27.3 percent of women said they
were afraid of getting fat compared to only 7.5 percent
of men (Weitz, 2009, p. 80).
Cultural rituals are also factors that play a key role
in establishing gender. Religious rituals often occur at an
early age when children are developing their cognitive
and behavioral aspects. Many gender rituals occur right
after birth. For example, in the Newari culture both males

and females undergo coming-of-age ceremonies to be

initiated into adulthood. Newari girls go through Bahra
before she enters puberty, where she is kept away from
light and males for 11-12 days. On the 12th and final day,
she has a ceremony where she is able to view the sun
for the first time through her fingers in a unique posture.
Boys of the Newari cultures also go through a coming of
age ritual called Kayta Puja or Bratabandha. During this
ceremony, young boys get their heads shaved and dress
in monk attire. This ritual symbolizes not only a rite of
passage into manhood, but also where young men learn
the laws and rules of their caste. These rituals are seen
as initiation into adulthood. Kelly Pollock states that,
The very point of these rituals is to celebrate differences.
Children become adults and being living as distinctly
gendered when their differentiated sex organs develop
into their mature form at puberty (2008, p. 147).
Social processes and practices such as cultural
influences, gendered sports, media, and rituals not
only influence the development of individuals, but also
continue to emphasize and press on the gender norms
that the society has already established. Masculine and
feminine attributes, characteristics, and behaviors are
already designated before birth when the sex of an
individual is identified, and is inevitable.
Works Cited
Lorber, J. (2011).The Social Construction of Gender(pp.
43-51). N.p.: Sage Publications.
Messner, M. (1990).Boyhood, Organized Sports, and
the Construction of Masculinities(pp. 55-63). N.p.:
Sage Publications.
Rogoff, B. (2003).Orienting Concepts and Ways
of understanding the Cultural Nature of Human
Development(pp. 3-10). N.p.: OxfordUniversity Press.
Silverman, Steve. "Difference Between Men's and
Women's Basketball."Livestrong. N.p., 12 Mar. 2014.
Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <http://www.livestrong.com/
article/122406-difference-between-mens-womens/>.
The Codes of Gender. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <http://
depaul.kanopystreaming.com.ezproxy1.lib.depaul.edu/
node/41623>.
Weitz, R. (2010).Foucault, Femininity, and the
Modernization of Patriarchal(pp. 76-80). N.p.: Oxford
University Press.

Shrasta Tayo Tamrakar has recently graduated from De Paul University, Chicago.
She has published many articles in Chicago Newa, Laskush, Chautari, and other magazines.
She has designed cover artwork for Chicago Newa II, III and IV. Her research paper has published in the Journal
of Macromolecular Science, Part A (Pure and Applied chemistry).
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Mindfulness,
Practice and Centers

Madan Ratna Manandhar

Nepal

And these have to be done with awareness and

thorough understanding of impermanence, having
removed craving and aversion towards the world (of
mind and matter).2
The Great Son of Nepal, Prince Siddhartha, born in
623 BC in Lumbini, enlightened in 588 BC at Bodhgaya
(India) and called Gautama Buddha. Twelve years after
his enlightenment, in 576 BC, he delivered a sermon
to the monks in Kuru (presently nearby Delhi, India).
This very popular and important sermon is known as
Maha-Satipatthana Sutta.
He delivered this discourse in order to teach the
mindfulness in our day-to-day life. This sutta is so highly
venerated that it is regularly recited in the monasteries
by the monks as well as in the houses by the lay people
with the members of the family seating around and
listening with deep devotion. Very often this is recited
by the bed site of sick people to purify their thoughts
so that they can overcome from their physical pain. It
cleanses in the mind of impurities and disturbance such
as lustful desires, hatred, ill will, indolence, worries
and restlessness. It also cultivate in such qualities as

This is to say, they used to allow the practice of only this discourse very seriously so that one can be able
to achieve the fruitions that were declared by the Buddha. For example, there are 11 meditation centers in
Nepal which are solely based on this discourse. Among them three centers are conducted according to the
honorable Mahasis method.
concentration, awareness, intelligence, will, energy,
In due course of delivering his sermons, The Buddha confidence, joy and tranquility. And finally leading to
once made an announcement or an advertisement, the attainment of highest wisdom and realize of ultimate
which can also be said Dhamma Vijnapana; Dhamma happiness, the truth of nibbana.
Language in the discourse seems very diplomatic.
Ghosana.
The sentences used are in third person, passive voice.
This is the one and only way for the purification of
No one has to feel the imposement of the sayings.
beings, for the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, Everybody can listen or read very freely. There are no
for the extinguishing of suffering and grief, for walking directions or instruction or order made by the Buddha.
on the path of truth, for the realization of nibbana (the He says- Here a monk, having gone into the forest, or to
true liberation): that is to say the fourfold establishing the foot of a tree, or to an empty room, sits down crosslegged, keeps his body upright and fixes his awareness
of awareness or mindfulness1
in the area around the mouth. With this awareness, he
Those fourfold mindfulness are:
breathes in, with this awareness he breaths out. Breathing
a. observing body in body (kaaye kaayaanupassi in a deep breath, he understands properly I am breathing
in a deep breath. Breathing in a shallow breath, he
viharati),
b. observing sensations in sensations (vedanaasu understands properly I am breathing in shallow breath.
Breathing out a deep breath, he understands properly I
vedanaaupassi viharati),
c. observing mind in mind (citte cittaanupassi viharati) am breathing out a deep breath. Breathing out shallow
breath, he understands properly I am breathing out a
d. observing mental contents in mental contents shallow breath. In this way he trains himself: Feeling
(dhammesu dhammaanupassi viharati).
Mahasatipatthana sutta, p.3

Same p. 3

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the whole body, I shall breathe in. Feeling the whole
body, I shall breathe out., thus he trains himself. With
the bodily activities calmed, I shall breathe in, thus
he trains himself. With the bodily activities calmed, I
shall breathe out., thus he trains himself. [Section of
Respiration, The Observation of Body]3.
There are altogether 21 sections of practices under
these fourfold mindfulness. Every section carries the
same pattern, nowhere is direct directions, instructions,
so that one can feel the uniqueness of the discourse.
In the present world, there are several hundred of
Viharas (monasteries), gumbas and meditation centers
which are solely based on this single discourse. This
is to say, they used to allow the practice of only this
discourse very seriously so that one can be able to
achieve the fruitions that were declared by the Buddha.
For example, there are 11 meditation centers in Nepal4
which are solely based on this discourse. Among them
three centers are conducted according to the honorable
Mahasis method. Similarly, there are more than 170
meditation centers in 6 continents and other 95 countries
are organizing the meditation retreats according to the
honorable Goenkajis method. All these are based on
the Mahasatipatthana discourse. Meditation centers
according to this discourse are opening all over the
world by different meditation teachers as well.
Eleven Meditation centers in Nepal:
A. Three Meditation centers (running according to the
Most Ven. Mahaasi Sayadaws method):
1. International Buddhist Meditation Centre (IBMC),
Sankhamool, Kathmandu
2. Panditarama Meditation Centre, Lumbini, Nepal
3. Ratna Vipasyana Vihar, Sano Bharyang, Kathmandu
B. Eight Meditation centers (running according to
Honble Goenkajis method):
1. Nepal Vipassana Centre, Muhaan Pokhari,
Budhanilkantha, Kathmandu
2. Dhamma Terai, Birgunj Vipassana Center, Birgunj
3. Dhamma Janani, Lumbini Vipassana Center,
Lumbini
3
4

Same pp. 5 - 7
Manandhar, pp 19-20

4. Dhamma Birat, Purbanchal Vipassana Center,

Itahari
5. Dhamma Chitawan, Chitawan Vipassana Center,
Chitawan
6. Dhamma Kitti, Kirtipur Vipassana Center, Kirtipur
7. Dhamma Pokhara, Pokhara Vipassana Center,
Pokhara
8. Dhamma Surkhet, Surkhet Vipassana Center,
Surkhet.
Meditation centers (running according to Honble
Goenkajis method) in
USA, Canada and Latin America:5
In USA:
Massachusetts, Central California, Texas, Dallas,
Pacific Northwest, Illinois, Southern California, Georgia,
Northern California
In Canada:
Vancouver, Quebec
In Latin America:
Panama, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Chile,
Mexico, Cuba, Bolivia, Columbia, Peru, Ecuador,
Uruguay, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Dominican Republic,
Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa rica, Guatemala.
(There are permanent vipassana centers in Mexico,
Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, Peru and Chile)
Meditation centers (running according to Honble
Mahaasi sayadaws method) in US and Canada:6
In USA California
In Canada Surrey British Columbia
References:
1. Mahasatipatthana Sutta, VRI, Igatpuri, India (2010)
2. Manandhar, Madan Ratna, Chhapu Sutra: Tahgu
Vihara (article), Niravaan Murti Vihar Smarika,
vol.3, Nirvanmurti vihar, Kathmandu, (2014) (pp
19-20).
3. Vipassa Meditation & Its relevance to the world,
VRI, Igatpuri, India (2011)
4. www.saddhamma.org
Vipassa Meditation & Its relevance to the world, pp 82-85
www.saddhamma.org

5
6

Mr. Madan Ratna Manandhar is an associate professor, Tri Chandra Campus, TU and Head of
Geology Department. He is also faculty member of Theravada Budhist Academy.(affitiated to Lumbini
Buddhist University)
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WHO IS THAT AND WHERE IS THAT ?

Dr. Bishnu Phuyal

You can see those non-material things, things of mental nature,

different at different time and hence they are also changing.
You have changed in your form and your characteristics.
What remained constant may be absent, not even scanty.
Furthermore what you also have seen constantly changing
in both physical and non-physical forms of things for other
person or things.

Mt. Prospect, Illinois

Take a long span of time of your life and begin

to ponder over all the things that you have in memory
from your past to the present, as much as you can,
one by one.
Start with the first incident in your memory that
you still can remember well. Try to discern any other
possible visual impression you have in your memory,
of all living or non-living objects related to this first
incident. Now, reflect upon what you physically
looked like back then, what you wore, etc.? Next,
try to know all the content or state of your mind or
feeling at that time for that incident, any feeling you
may have in your consciousness as much as possible.
Similarly, bring the next incident to your
consciousness from your memory. Begin visualizing
the mater of the incident, content of the scene,
physical appearance of objects, etc. including any
material and non-materials things, the state of your
mind and also your impression on the state of the
mind of the other related to this incident.
In this way, fetch the content of your memory of
your past into your consciousness one by one, and
in the order of time as much as possible. In each of
these incidents in your memory, keep on knowing
your own physical form, your own mental state and
any other material and non-material objects of things
related to these events. In each of these incidents,
may you reflect what influenced most to your mental
state most at that time?
Now assume you have some super natural
ability to put all those things of each of the incidents;

the physical characteristics, the mental state, things

that influenced your mental state and the one that
influenced most in some forms and states in front of
you lined in sequence of time and space, from the
very first to the most current.
What you see? What you realize? And what
could you conclude observing these material and
non-materials things? Is it not extremely baffling
that you can see yourself from that time how much
you have changed in shape, size and forms over
time? You can see your physical form changing
continuously. Your physical appearance changed
from a young baby to adulthood and then to your
current age or old age. And it changed vividly.
Next begin analyzing how much changes
occurred in your mental state from the outcome
of how you react with things then and now that
surrounds you. How much consistency you have in
things of similar matter and how much inconsistency
you have become reacting differently to same
kind of things, things that are similar in nature, at
different times.
You can see those non-material things, things
of mental nature, different at different time and
hence they are also changing. You have changed
in your form and your characteristics. What
remained constant may be absent, not even scanty.
Furthermore what you also have seen constantly
changing in both physical and non-physical forms
of things for other person or things.
Therefore it is our experience of things that are

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materials of physical types, seem to change over
time. If we can understand each and every subtlety,
it can be concluded that change is happening to all
the things constantly. Nature brings the changes
constantly. However, things that are non-materials,
that are of mental characteristics, which lie within
us, also change with time, beginning from our young
age to the adulthood and to the old age continuously.
Our interest or taste and hence our mind react
differently with the change in space and time. So
our physical and mental state and hence all other
physical and mental states or all non-material things
are completely influenced in space time and have
the characteristics of impermanence, some sort of
dynamism.
Due to their changing nature, things must
not have any supremacy to know and capability
to record all these changes, because it would have
changed already. But all those changes that we are

able to perceive in this way, seems to be somewhere

within us, that awareness or that consciousness is
always there; and interestingly it seems it is there just
inside ourselves, completely within our own body.
Surprisingly profound is to understand the fact that
nothing has influenced this consciousness to change;
it was there as far as we can remember, it is there
now and hence it has not changed anything at all. So,
as it was there ever, should be there ever too? That
is the way it seems to be, because nothing seems to
influence it to change. Therefore in order to know
these characteristics of changes in physical and nonphysical things, there is this something present there
and constantly knowing all the changes, recording
it and keeping them intact. And this one appears to
have no changes. There is this thing that is never
changing and that it must be the one which knows
and sees all the changes all the time. Who is that and
where is that ?

Dr. Bishnu Phuyal is a senior engineer.

He is the President of Nepali American Center in Illinois.

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Dr. Mahesh, Meena,

Ursus & Unas Gurung

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IDENTITIES OF
NEWA AND DETERIORATIONS
Prof. Dr. Mrigendra Lal Singh
Nepal

The marriage with a human male is only a physical

but not spiritual for Newa girls, there is no restriction
for their remarriage. Because Newa girls are
protected by fathers family, even they are married.
They call their fathers house as their Thache, (own
house). This shows that Newa have very highly
civilized social customs with gender equality

Nepami now mostly refereed as Newa is one of the

highly civilized integrated group of different ethnical
groups living at Nepa-Ga speaking their own language,
writing own scripts, maintaining self-sufficiency and
independencies and maintaining their traditional
social-cultural practices bestowed on them by their
ancestors making them respectable population among
civilized world. Their culture has been the identity of
independent Nepal. Whatever the government earns
from tourist visitors at the Kathmandu Valley comes
from the display of their culture activities and arts.
Their population and culture are two dimensions of
their identities.
However, since last forty years, gradual distortions
in their identities are happening partly because of
purposively designed policies of the government
manned mostly by Khas Aryas to grab their lands
and imposition of one language policy in the name of
integrating the different ethnic groups of Nepal and

partly due to lack of foresights among Newa, and their

temptation to participate in anti-Newa activities in
the name of modernization and adjustment, they are
becoming rapidly minority population in their own
localities with little say in political matter even at
local level. Present trend among Newa of not speaking
their own language and conducting marriages of their
daughters /sons with non-Newa are exposing them
to disappearance of their Newa genetic pool leading
them to lose their identify as Newa Bhaju and Maijus.
Newa Population: According to the census of
2011, there were 1,321,933 Newa in Nepal with inter
census growth of 0.55% during 2001 and2011; 51.26
% of them living at Nepa Ga, 17.21% at outer Nepal
Mandal and rest 31.53% at other districts outside
Nepal Mandal. Though Newa are found in almost all
districts of Nepal, 2011 census indicated the declines
in Newa population at 45 ( out of 75) districts from
those reported in 2001.According to2011 census64.65
% of Newa are living at districts of Central Hills, 8.56
% at districts of Western Hills, 6.99% at districts of
Eastern Terai and 5.33% at districts of Eastern Hills
and 4.91% at districts of Central Tarai. They are
found at districts of mid and Far western regions
also, but their number are very small accounting less
than 1%; 0.72% in mid-western hills and 0.20% in
far western hills.
Population is a political tool. Therefore ranking
of the Population is crucial for local level politics.
During Panchayat system of government in Nepal, the
policy of the government had been to reorganize the
spatial area of the valley so that the native population
will have very little chance to come as first ranked
among the mixed population of the area So the policy
was adopted to mix the spatial areas where native
population with the adjoining spatial areas where nonnative out number native population in great extent.
This policy succeeded in depriving Newa to be first
ranked population in most of VDCs of the valley. In
Kathmandu valley, there are altogether 119 VDCs,
59 at Kathmandu, 42 at Lalitpur and 18 at Bhaktapur.
Kathmandu valley is the core area of Newa population
but because of this policy only 36 (30.25% ) ; 17 out
of 59 at Kathmandu district ; 11 out of 40 at Lalitpur
district and 8 out of 18 at Bhaktapur district managed
to have Newa as first place. The policy is continued
by successive government also.

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Recently the number of municipalities in Nepal is
increased from 58 to 1191. All VDCs of Kathmandu,
Bhaktapur and Lalitpurare declared municipality
areas.These areas are formed by joining different
VDCs having Newa majority and non-Newa majority
VDCs. This arrangement reduced the Newa majority
VDCsinto localities with very low % of Newa
within the Municipality they are allocated. Before
being a part of municipalities, Newa localities such
Balambu, Thankote, Tokha etc had Newa population
accounting more than 80 % of the population. Now
the municipalities which included these localities has
Newa population accounting only 9 to 20 % of total
population. One major reason for decline % of Newa
in the population is due to tremendous influx of Non
Newa communities in their localities. Within two
decades i.e. during 1991-2011at Kathmandu valley
Brahmins increased by 340036 at the rate of r=10.81%;
Chettries by 295,424 with r-9.02%, Thakuries by 14287
at r=9.67% and Sanyasi by 7719 at r=5.91 %. Also the
population of hill ethnics groups increased substantially
during this period Tamangs and Newa increased in
nearly equal number being192775 for Tamangs and
192269for of Newa. In terms of growth rates, Limbus
reported the highest growth rate of 17.87% followed
by 11.59% for Gurungs, 8.94 % for Tamangs and
3.34% for Newa. Among Hill Dalits Kami increased
by19977 ns with growth rate of 14.85%;the Damai by
7461 followed by 1846 Sarkis, their growth rates being
6.01% and 1.87% respectively. Also the Terai people
whose existence in the valley was unknown up to 1951
increased substantially. Among them Muslims increased
by 20,303 from 6080 in 1991 to 26383 in 2011 with
growth rate of 14.68%. Tharu increased with absolute
growth of 22718 from 3219 in 1991 to 25927 with the
growth rate of 20.87%. Among professional groups of
Terai, Yadab and Teli increased with absolute growth
of 7285 and 7854 respectively during 1991-2011.
Effect of the increase in the non-Newa population
in the Valley adversely affected the percentage of
Newa in the population of valley which used to be as
high as 75% up to sixties. High rate of immigration of
Khas population in the valley resulted into rapid rise
in their percentage share in the valleys population.
The percentage of Khas bahun in the population of
Kathmandu valley increased from 37.91% in 2001
to 41.805%in 2011; percentage of Hill ethnics from
15.31% to 20.10%. As the consequence the percentage

of Newa in the population decreased from 36.12%

to 27.05 % during this period. The increase of Non
Newa was more evident at Kathmandu district with
their increases from 41.22 % to 45.24 % for Khas
population; 15.31% to 20.59% for Hill ethnics. These
increases eventfully decreased the % of Newa in the
population of this district from 30.14% to 22.00%
during inter-census period.
During 2001-2011 the growth rate of Newa
community was found as low as 0.55% .This rate
results negative NRR (Net reproduction rate) which
indicates the possible ultimately extinction of new
population. The Population growth rate of Newa
was the smallest among the rates observed for
other six major communities of the Nepal,1.7 % for
Chetreis,0.91% for Hill brahmin;1.35 % for Magars;
1.25% for Tharu and 1.78% for Tamangs. The % of
Newa in the population of Nepal has remained nearly
constant at 5% throughout all censuses. This shows that
Newa is at most disadvantage stage in growth of their
population risking the dominance by other population.
Besides negative trend observed in Newa population,
the percentage of Newa speaking their own language
is decreasing by nearly 2% during inter census period.
The language of Newa is the Newa Bhay (called Nepal
Bhasa) belonging to a sub family of Tibeto-Burmese
Branch of Sino Tibetogroup. Newa Bhay has many
derivatives like Khopay Bhay, Dolkha Bhay, Chitlang
Bhay and Pahari Bhay. Main Newa Bhay is spoken at
Yen and Yala and their adjoining Newa settlements.
Khopay Bhay and its sub derivatives are spoken at
Khopa, Gorkha, Palpa, Bandipur, and Baglung. Parbat
and Sindhu Palanchok .Percentages of Newa Bhay
speakers among Newa in Nepal decreased from 71.89
% in 1951 to 64.04% in 2011. The percentage of Newa
Bhay speakers among Newa in2001 was 65.96%
Along with population and language, other
important assets of Newa are their social and cultural
activities. Newa are highly socialized people practicing
lot of customs. They believe that living is not just
for eating and procuring but to enjoy life with merry
making and engaging in social services. They give
importance to community rather than to an individual.
They have two basic social activities - one to celebrate
their personal events and other to participation in public
events that occur regularly in a year or in a span of
certain years.

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Personal events of Newa
- Activities to be performed at birth of child,
cleaning the mother and child by conducting the
ceremony of Macha bu benkegu, letting mother to eat
regularly nutritious foods (minced buffalo meat, Thon,
and Chaku etc) and feeding Buty to child through
the customs of Machabu-sway gu within one to two
months of child birth by relatives. Naming the child,
preparation of horoscope, rice feedings after five to six
month. The birth of child is registered in the locality by
performing chowsa puja.
- Newa is of aware of high infant mortality rate. So
they do not celebrate the birth days of their child at age
1 year. They celebrate first birth day of their child on
the completion of 2nd year of their birth
- Children grow not caring to cover the lower part
of thepart of the body. Most of them remain naked by
not covering their lower part of the body. After reaching
adolescentages, the genitals of boys are covered by a
Kayta by conducting aceremony called Kayta puja and
that of girls by Patasi by conducting their Ehee ceremony
- The little girls are protected from child abuse by
making them Kumari, a fiercer goddess whom no body
dears to disgrace.
- When adolescent children reach the ages near to
adult hood, the boys are initiated to different rituals to
train them to perform various social obligations, they
are required to performs as adults. Wola choagu, Bare
Chue Gu, Chuda Karma Yay Gu are some of these rituals.
Girls are kept in a secluded room not seen by males for
12 days. During this period girls are exposed to different
roles they have to perform when they get married. This
practice is called Bara Tegu.
- When they attain the average the age of 16 years
for girls and 18 years and above years for boys they get
married. Marriage is arranged by parents or guardians.
A suitability of the girl is determined by observing her
during some festivals or in a feast in which the girl is
participating. The girl is usually known o relative of
the of the boys some relatives. When the girl is liked,
her as well as her families back grounds are checked.
Also it is verified whether the girl is relative of the
boy within 7th generation from father's side and 5th
generation from the mothers side. If not, then marriage
is considered permissible with the girl. From boys side

a middle aged woman called Lami is appointed to play

the role of matchmaker. She goes to girls house with
the proposal of marriage. If parents of girl accept the
proposal, the horoscope of the girl is handed to lama
and the horoscopes of the girls and the boy are tallied
to check the comp ability of their marriage.
- If found compatible, marriage is fixed and on a
suitable date for boys side, the marriage is conducted
by sending the girl to her husband house is called
Paean Biya Choa Gu and bringing her to boys side is
called Byaya Gu. There are many elaborate steps taken
before completing the marriage ceremony. Some of the
them are Payna Ja Nake Gu, Gwoy Kay Gu (Taking
beetles as finalizing the marriage deal) Lakha Bee Gu,
Marriage feasting separately by both sides. Going of
marriage procession called Janta, Handing the girl to
boys side called Pita Bee Gu. Well coming the bride at
boys houses called Lasa Kusu, Going to check if the girl
is happy with the marriage is called Khoso Wane Gu. If
the girl is happy, the boy is accepted as Jilajan (Son in
law) by girls family by conducting a ritual called Jilajan
Duchaike Gu. Also very important function of uniting
bride and bride groom is done by the ceremony called
Whonke Gu. In marriage actvities among Newa, taking/
giving Gwoa are very important steps in establishing
and breaking close relations. Among New if the girl is
not happy with her husband or he is dead, she can get
divorce easily by just returning the Gwoa to him or his
death body.
- When a Newa attains old age i.e. above 75 years,
he or she is elevated to status of god by conducting an
elaborate ceremony called Junku. After that function
aged persons are treated as Gods/Goddesses.
- When a person dies, elaborate rituals are perfumed,
These rituals are: Steps followed in Preparation of funeral
procession, Organizing the procession, Wa-holegu,
Mitay Gu, Balin Pie Gu; Representing the Spirit of the
Diseased (all function related to these are performed
by married sisters/daughters), Sika Kankegu, Chipanthika Woenegu, Lacha Wonegu, NhayNu Ma, Pakha Ja
Khaygu, Du-Benkegu, Pesky Bonegy, Sradha - Ghasu,
Latya (Sradha on 45th day of the death), Swara Sradha
Mata Choyka Wone Gu, Upako Wone Gu, Mataya Wane
Gu, Sa-Choa Gu.
Community Based events
- Newa celebrates community based festivals

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namely Nakha, Chaka, Jatra every weekend starting
from Gathan Mugha called Kaiymacha nakha and
ending at Sidhi nakha called Myamacha nakha except
during two months of paddy cropping season (Ashad,
Srawan) during which most of the Newa population
will be occupied in paddy planting. A festival in which
guest are also fed in the feast is called Nakha and
the occasion in which only family members eat the
feast is called Chakha. In many instances jatrras are
celebrated as Nakha. In a Nakha, Nishi and Choala
Bu are done. Main Nakha celebrated by all Newa are
Mohani and Mhapuja. Mohani nakha is not the Durga
puja as many understand, but worshiping of seedling
plants of mixture of Maize and Barley called Nali
swan and Mohani sinha a special Newa black tantric
paste specially prepared for this occasion .It is said
that the paste has special tantric hypotonic effect on
the persons whom it is pasted on their foreheads. This
festival is also celebrated by parading local Napami
warriors displaying their traditional weapons. This
parade is called Paya.
- Second Nakha celebrated compulsorily by all
Newa is the Mhapuja - a puja of ones own body and
soul signifying that one is super and above all gods. A
unique practice not found among other communities.
The day of is puja is also celebrated as New Year by
all Newa. Besides these Nakhas, Newa of different
localities celebrateone or two jatra/nakha of their own.
Some of such important jatra are Panchare in Yen,
Nhaygu Kanya Jatra at kirtipur,and Biska jatra at
Bhaktapur etc. During the jatras, idols of local deities
mostly of Indranis and Bhairabs are worshiped. The
idols are displayed in keeping them in chariots and
carrying them to all important streets of the locality.
The jatra may last one to three days. Relatives and
acquainted are invited to participate in these jatras.
The Jatra or Nakha is celebrated by first cleaning
the household called nishi yayagu, then performing
Choala bu and next day eating Bhoays (feasts). Local
deities are worshiped by every housed hold using puja
of higher order. The puja is the worships of emblems
of Deities by following a system of ordered activities
such as throwing jaki at the idols, putting the pieces of
flower at their heads, pasting the sinha at the middle of
their fore heads and offering some presents including
foods, fruits, showing lighted etta to them. Animals
and birds are also sacrificed to idols of the deities. A

small feast called Sikabu is conducted to distribute the

cooked important parts of the animal sacrificed to close
member of the family.
- Guthis are the social organizations formed to
perform social functions and administrating the Newa
society. Usually the members of the guthi are the house
hold heads belonging to a clan or a community. It
is managed by a group of elders called Thakulies
(Chyam eight, Nyama Five). Its main objective
is to perform jointly the social activities requiring lot
of man power. Some important Guthis are Sii gudhi
(organization associated with conducting rituals of
deaths), Jatra guthis is meant to conduct jatra. Twa
guthis is for management of ones twa (locality) and
to carry activities related to local deities. Other guthis
are Nasapuja Guthi, Degu Puja Guthi, Dya Pyakhan
Guthi, Panjra Guthi etc.- Newa performs different types
of puja. Puja are either simple one or major one. There
are many Major Pujas namely, Mohani puja, Duku
Dai puja, Chay ke puja, Pata khola thanigu puja, Bali
puja, Chapuja, Bhakal puja. In Newa puja, the idol of
deity is first cleaned by water, red and yellow sinha
and sometimes mohani sinha are pasted on forehead
of the idol, then lighted etta, dhupa are shown to the
idol. Flowers are kept on the head of the idol, different
food items are also offered to the idol. .Then the idols
are worshiped by throwing Jaki. Then the worshipers
bows their head to the feet or body of the idol. Flowers
and Sinha of the deity worshiped are distributed to the
family members as Prasad. Every morning, the ground
space in front of the main gate of house is cleaned and
a manda is written and a minor puja is performed. In
major puja, offering of samay and Newa aila are also
necessary. The deities worshiped by Newa during jatra/
nakhas are Bhairabas and Indranis - tantric deities.
Lighting a Sukunda is a fore most necessity in every
Newa puja. After a major puja, first of all samay baji is
eaten as breakfast. After some hours Newa Bhoay (feast)
is eaten by sitting at a suku (a long suiting material,
made of straw). Samay baji consist of Samaya, Baji,
Choala, Haku Musya, a dish of boiled Bhuti, some strips
of ginger sipping Aila and Thon served at a Salincha. In
New Bhoay, foods areserved on lapte a circular plane
plate made of leaves of timber trees. The order of foods
to be served is traditionally fixed, Boiled buffalo meat
is offered as main meat in the bhoy. Depending on the
occasion and season, defend verities of buffalo meats

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are also served. It is said that there are 64 varieties of
a buffalo meat. In ordinary bhoy and samay eating, the
verities served are Choaila buffed or roasted, Daikala,
Puka la etc. During winter season, special verities of
meat known as Takhala, Sanyakhuna, and Takula etc
are also served.
- Newa have their own months and calendars. Newa
months begins from Mhapuja, a day of beginning of
Newa New Year is based on lunar calendar. The first
month is called Kaula. The months in sequence are
Kaula, Kachala, Thinla, Pohela, Shila, Chila, Chaula,
Bachala, Tachala, Dila, Gunla, Yenla. The days/dates
of Newa are counted according to the position of the
Moon and a day is named as Tithi following lunar
calendar. The position of the moon oscillates between
full absences to full moon. The day when full absence
of moon is observed, the tidhi is called Aunsi and when
the full moon is observed, the day is called Puni .The
days are classified into two groups namely Tho and
Ga .The names of the days from Aunis to Puni are
called Tho (Sukla Pachay in Khas Bhasa) and the days
from Purnima to Aunsi are called Ga (Krisna Pachay
in Khas Bhasa).
- Newa have their own type of special dishes such
as Yomari, chatamari, Lakha Mari. Yomari, is must
while celebrating births of young ones and during
Junku puja of aged ones.
- Also as a nation, Newa have their own types of
dresses, jewelries, musics, dances and plays, monetary
system and weighing system as well as have own
scripts. While in dressing care is taken in mind to
take into consideration of the caution that- Naytonegu
Thaguyathe, punigu, karapiniyathe (Eating is ones
own choice but dressing is others choice).
- Among Newa many precautions are taken to
protect their girls even though they went to live at her
husbands house. Newa girls do not pierce their noses
because it is symbol of being a slave of their husband.
A Newa girl can easily get divorce by simply returning
gwoas to her husband if he is disliked by her or if he is
dead. Newa women never become widow because they
are already wedded to god during their Ehi ceremony
and god never dies. The marriage with a human male
is only a physical but not spiritual for Newa girls, there
is no restriction for their remarriage. Because Newa
girls are protected by fathers family, even they are

married. They call their fathers house as their Thache,

(own house). This shows that Newa have very highly
civilized social customs with gender equality.
Along with the population popularization, lots
of cultural polarizations among Newa are also taking
place either due to compulsion or due to imitations.
Shifting Newa population from core Newa settlements
to suburbs and increasing the floors of building in
the city are compulsions because of the increasing
lack of spaces at city to accommodate increasing
population. But this has deteriorated the beauty of
valley because most of the agriculture lands with
greenery have turned to localities with ugly concrete
buildings with no planning for sewage and ventilations
and free spaces. The traditional building in the valley
with maximum floor of 4 were made keeping in view
of protecting the population from potential damage
due to the earth quacks and to allow free passes of
air and sun to every houses. Newa ancestors had
maintained Excellences in Culture, Social Structure
and Arts that made present Newa able to achieve
high measures in almost all development indicators
of Nepal. During 2011, Index of aging among Newa
was found 29.05%; 27.11% for males and 31.10% for
females, higher than for other communities of Nepal.
The high ageing index by 4% for females than for
males indicate the effectiveness of protective practices
for married daughters adopted by their Thachen. Also
it is seen that the % of old among females is 0, 20 %
higher than males, being 2.71% for females and 2.51%
for males. The corresponding figures in Nepal were
1.68% for males and 1.71% for males during 2011.
In education sector also, Newa is one of the community
having high literacy rate of 80 %, 87.9% for males and
72.72% for females. In economic sectors Newa topped
having only 10.25% of its population below poverty line.
Also in other indicators Newa topped having high mean
age at marriage of 21.1 years, 23 years for boys and 19.4
years for girls. The census of 2011 shows that 61 % of
Newa household holds have clean cooking facilities and
90.8% of them having access to electricity (source:)
But in spite of such high level s of Newa youths are
leaving the country, with no one to replace them making
Newa demo graphically in the process of extinction .The
% of absent population among was 5.7% during 2011(
75350). But the analytic analysis shows that 131591
of Newa have already left the country as migrants. In

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most of the cases, the migrations take place because of
War, Natural disaster and economic crisis. But none of
above conditions prevail among Newa of the Valley, So
why they are migrating? .It appears this is happening
because of the inferiority complex imposed by desire to
be sophisticated and inducement of wife's and mothers
in the race of giving presumed best life to their wards.
The major cause of happening this is the loss of
confidence among present Newa fathers and mothers
on the competency of their wards doing something in
their home country .They are drugged by old age classic
observations that others wife is always beautiful, other's
language is very practical, others religion is superior,
and other's country is safe haven . Youngster is always
inquisitive and wants to fly like a Kite. The flight of
the kite is to be controlled by the kaka, the string that
controls the flight of a kite. The parents and guardians
should keep this in mind. What are the uses of sons and
daughters if they do not contribute the continuity of
hereditary and cultural heritage? Newa parents should
change their present attitude.
Cultural is the identity of a community. So long a
community maintains its original culture; it commands
self-respect and independence. Dominance over a
community is achieved by destroying their political
status, cultural, social values and self-respect. There are
three ways of making the dominance over them. The
first is to grab the political power by any means, and
integrate them in one's own socio -economic structure
allowing them to survive as second class citizens. Other
is making them economically dependent in the name
of development and scientific advancements and third
is to polarize their culture and social values so that
they will be completely lost in manipulations made by
a few clever and cunning communities in the name of
integration and unification. Growth of population leading
to rise in high population densities, fragmentation of
family from joint to nuclear, rise in levels of education
among females and their compulsion to do outside
jobs, tremendous influx of migrants in the Valley and
attraction of foreign degrees and sending wards to
migrate there have been polarizing Newa population
from their status of having their own distinct culture,
language and settlements and self-respect to nowhere
status. Collapse in the attachment to own identify,
inter-ethnic marriage especially by Newa daughters
are leading Newa population to point of no return for

preservation of Newa genes.

Shifting Newa population from core Newa
settlements to suburbs and increasing the floors of
building in the city are compulsions because of the
increasing lack of spaces at city to accommodate
increasing population. But this has deteriorated the
beauty of valley because most of the agriculture lands
with greenery have turned to localities with ugly concrete
buildings with no planning for sewage and ventilations
and free spaces. The traditional building in the valley
with maximum floor of 4 is made keeping in view of
protecting the population from potential damage due
to the earth quacks and to allow free passage of air and
sun to every houses.
Other polarization that is taking place due to
compulsion is change in feasting style from Newa Bhoy
to buffet. This change is attributed to lack of spaces for
feasting and man power to cook and feed the invitees.
But the change has completely destroyed very concept
of feeding the invitees... In traditional Bhoay, invitees
are offered systematically ordered foods suitable to
their digestive capabilities by making them sited in
a long suku, an easy posture to digest the food with
making request to each invitees to eat the food slowly
saying Bulun Bhapee ( kindly eat slowly). Aila, the
local liquor is offered in Salincha, a baked soil round
pot which absolves most to the impurities in the liquor.
While pouring Aila at Salincha, the bubbles will occur
at the uppers part of the liquid, more is the concentration
of the bubbles; the more is the concentration of the
liquor. The aila is poured is salincha from Aunti, a
very decorative jar made of silver or brass by females
dressed in Newa attire. In spite of such well culture
having scientific justification in their traditions-Why
Newa like to be as today by adopting others language,
becoming minority in own locality, sending beloved
children aboard to be foreigners and living in the vacant
houses not protected by ones beloved ones. It takes
hundreds of years for a tree to be mature but takes
hardly few years to decay when infested by worms.
Newa culture and language are like trees that that have
grown to present advanced forms due to continuous
nourishment of their forefathers and mothers. But
since last few decades, in the name of adaptability and
modernization and imitations some viruses in the form
of new Newa elites are making activities knowingly or
not that would eventually lead us to destruction of their

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culture, language and ways of life by not speaking ones
loving children in ones own language, adopting others,
religion and culture in the name of modernization,
practicability and democracy inducing others and own
children to inferiority complex and producing man
power fit only to serve rulers. Perhaps this is due to
gradual development of trait among Newa to glorify
others as their own and neglect owns as inferior. At
present Social and political conditions of Newa have
reached critical conditions making them highly probable
to disappear without their glorious identity and their
civilization becoming a past myth. Almost all their
land has been taken by the government in one pretext
or other, administrative processes are made so complex
that ordinary Newa could not get land owner ship
certificates of their hereditary lands without giving
bribes and substantial share to concerned officials who
are mostly Khas Brahmins. Their educated girls mostly
married to Khas Brahmins and becoming their slaves
by keeping Nathi at their noses, most of the houses

rented to non Newa but not being able to collect the

rent in absence of muscle man in form of sons. At
present Newa house hold consists of only aged feeble
couples living at top floors of their sky scrapper houses,
sons and daughters becoming foreigners and procuring
children with diminishing percentage of Newa genes.

Launching Nepami a book written by the author on

September 10th, 2016 at Hotel Orchid, Kathmandu.

Dr. Mrigendra Lal Singh is a prominent writer and Professor of Statistics.

He has recently published a book "Nepami" in Kathmandu.

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Dr. Chandra, Kanti,
Aseem and Ankit Chataut
Chicago, Illinois
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g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1137
Bishal, Luna, and Ayushi Maskey
Niles, Illinois

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt leGt'gf

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Surya, Krishna, Isha, Alisha
&
Sukrins Shrestha
Chicago, Illinois

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Sometimes it is confusing for many of us that who are
these five Buddhas are commonly seen around the city of
Kathmandu and on the doors of Newar houses. Some call
them Dhyani Buddha, some call them Adi Buddha and some
Pancha Buddha. Isnt it the case that Siddhartha Gautam
was born in Lumbini, Nepal more than 2560 years ago and
became a Buddha? And also we do hear that there will be
Maitriya Buddha coming in future.
Then who are these five Buddhas that we witness
enshrined in each stupa around the corners of the street,
inside the courtyards and Bahas and Bahis in Nepal? They
are facing in all four directions and one in the centre and
painted in five different colors make us more inquisitive

Dr. Sumon Kamal Tuladhar

Nepal

FIVE DHAYNI BUDDHAS or PANCHA BUDDHAS

about these Buddhas. If you go around the Swoyambhu

stupa, you will even see a Tara1 placed alternatively to all
four Buddhas, except one which is called Vairochana. Why a
female deity is placed along with Buddha who had renounced
his own beloved wife in his blooming youth? An inquiry into
these questions can tell us a very interesting story about how
Nepals Buddhist teachers have used their creativity to retain
Buddhas teachings for the purification of human mind and
its defilements in a symbolic language so that it will remain
in peoples mind forever.
Diversification of Buddhism
Nepal, a country where Buddha was born, has a very
rich Buddhist cultural heritage even among of diverse religious
groups. While Hinduism is the predominant religion in Nepal,
there are other equally important religious groups 9.0% of
the population are Buddhist, 4.4% are Muslim, Kirats 3.1%
In Mahayana, Tara is well known as a female Buddha or a
Bodhisattwo and in Vajrayana, she is known as a consortium of
Dhyani Buddha
1

and Christians 1.4%. They are all intricately woven with

their cultural and ethnic diversity and well demonstrated in
religious tolerance and co-existence.
Looking at the Buddhist culture in Nepal, it is again
very interesting to see three different schools of thoughts
in Buddhism Mahayana2, Vajrayana and Theravada all
three very well blended for the lay Buddhists. Generally,
while Mahayana Buddhism advocates the ideal of the
bodhisattva who embodies the highest state of wisdom
and compassion, Vajrayana is mostly attached to kriya and
charya, which are based on tantric rituals and presents a
lucid explanation of Buddhist philosophy through symbolic
languages. Theravada sect of Buddhism emphasizes on
the way of individual salvation by analyzing the Four Noble
Truths and by following the Eightfold Paths.3
Mahayan here is used to represent the Buddhist sect followed by
Tibetan-origin groups
2

Right Views, Right Resolve, Right Speech, Right Action, Right

Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Attention, Right Meditation
3

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While Theravada
Buddhism focuses on
the behavioral changes
through internalizing
the core message of
Buddha, Vajrayan adds
some specific cultural
flavors to awaken the
Bodhisatwa chitta
inside the hearts of
lay Buddhists. They
have created symbolic
images to describe and
explain lucidly each
element of the Buddhas
teachings. Because
of their witty strategies, Buddhist culture is surviving very
strongly among Newar communities in Nepal. There have been
historical evidences in Nepal that rulers, since the Licchavi era
(AD 879) up to today, have applied many ways to Hindunize
the nation by introducing caste systems and many other strict
legal regulations although some rulers, even being Hinduism
followers, were strong supporters of Buddhism. During the
Malla period, Buddhist monks were compelled by the state
to enter the marriage institutions and raise their families.
But they did not leave the Buddhist heritage; rather armored
themselves turning the Dhamma wheel to continued efforts
imparting Buddhism to people. It was also a huge challenge
for them, as Buddhism was not a religion as such which
has romanticized the version of Gods and Goddesses with
colorful stories to lure people to its religion. But since human
evolution, it is a human nature to search for some unseen
divine forces to escape their miserable conditions in everyday
life. This was very convincingly articulated and enshrined in
Hindu religion, which is still the contesting religion for people
in Nepal. Hinduism claims to have 33 corers of deities to
turn to for help when needed, whereas Buddhists are taught
that Buddha is not a god but a supreme guide to attend
Nirvana by purifying the human defilements like ignorance,
anger, cravings, attachments, pride, jealousy etc. Buddhist
philosophy believes in Action Reaction theory and clearly
announces that every action has reaction and human beings
are accountable for whatever they do and no God is going
to rescue them from their wrong deeds. While this teaching
is down to earth and convincing to the scholars, common lay
people still look for some forms of divine power and force to
release them from dukkha (suffering). Even during Buddhas
time, he had to introduce the Paritran Thread to satisfy peoples
psychological need. Recognizing the psychological need and

different levels of wisdom of the people Vajrayana has very

carefully and skillfully interwoven the rituals and expressed
the same defilements in unique ways.
Introduction to Dhyani Buddhas
As mentioned above, besides Sidhartha Gautam
Buddha, Nepal also has cultural history of devoting to five
other Buddhas who are known by multiple names Dhayani
Buddha (meditating Buddha), Adi Buddha (originated in time
immemorial) and Pancha Buddha4. They are five in number
and enshrined in the Chaityas (stupas) in four directions and
one in the center. Their names and directions are as follows
and they will be referred as Pancha Buddhas throughout
this article:
1. Akshyova East
2. Amitabha West
3. Ratna Sambhava South
4. Amogh Siddhii North
5. Vairochana Center
Pancha Buddhas are conceived by Vajrayana Philosophy
as manifested aspects of absolute void sunyata. They
are non-existing by nature, but created to represent five
elements Pancha Skandhas of human beings and most
importantly they are not treated less than a Buddha. As
mentioned in Guhya Samaj, these concepts are already
originated in the second century to impart the philosophy of
sunyata and non-attachment to physical body which is the
nature of impermanence of Pancha Skandhas.
Vajrayan literature like Swoyambhu Puran stated
that these five Buddhas had emerged from the halo
(Pancharashmi)5 one Buddha from one color; each one
representing one different knowledge and wisdom. This is
known as Pancha Gyana, which are listed in DharmasangrahMahayana Sutra Sngraha as 1)Aadarsha, 2)Samata, 3)
Pantyawekshana, 4)Krityanushthana, and 5)Subishuddha
Dharmadhatu Gyan.(Aarya Namsangiti Gatha, 2014, p.v),
These are related to the core teachings of Buddha which are
emptiness, purification of human defilements, equanimity,
and detachments.
Buddhism has been explained as a science rather than
religion by many prominent hard core scientists. As already
mentioned above, it is mainly due to the fact that it does not
believe in mystic or divine power to attain enlightenment but
believes that every individual is responsible for his/her own
actions which are bound to be back as a reaction to their
Pancha is a Sanskrit word for number five. Among Newar
Buddhist, they are commonly known as Pancha Buddhas.
4

It is believed that when Buddha has completed the process of

enlightenment, he got an illuminating halo of five different colors.
5

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lives. And our individual
actions are very much
influenced by our
inherent emotional
characteristics,
especially delusions
such as, 1) ignorance,
2) anger, 3) pride,
4) attachment and
5) jealousy almost
inherent in human
beings. Buddhism
believes that the
human mind also
holds within itself the
potential to transform
these negative traits into positive attributes that can help
human being on the spiritual path through mind training
exercise. As any other Buddhist school of thought, Vajrayan
Buddhism also believes in human beings inherent capacity,
and encourages the lay Buddhist to work on them, until they
transform into the inherent wisdom (Hoivik, 2007). In order
to inspire them into this noble exercise, Vajrayani Buddhist
School of thought refers to the images of these Pancha
Buddhas. Each one of them is associated to overcome specific
human negative delusions or weaknesses.
Vajrayana, has the most elaborative and creative rituals,
yet very much grounded in Buddhist philosophy, if we try to
understand the underlying meaning in the ritual. For example,
a very common ritual in Vajrayana is the Gurumandala puja,
which is done at the beginning of every puja. The symbolic
meaning of this puja is to offer the phenomenal world and

practitioners body to the triple gems - Buddha, Dharma

and Sangha (Lewis, 1987). In this way, Buddhism has been
practiced in a very artistic and creative ways in Nepal.
Thanks to the most exuberant artistic expression of the then
Buddhist Masters, who contextualized these five Buddhas
in Nepali society and each of them personified, it is easy for
lay people to link with their everyday lives in consonance to
the existing society and culture.
Regardless of its story of origin, Buddhist masters
had envisioned Pancha Buddhas in a very attractive,
educational and interesting way with different colors, animal
representations, directions, and physical property of a human
being. Even more interesting is the interpretation of these
colors to link with human emotions. Moreover, a set of these
five Buddhas represents the Dukkha Satya as well as Dukkha
Nirodha Satya along with our human physical elements.
Pancha Buddhas are the embodiment of illuminating light,
determination, impartiality, discerning insight, reassurance,
peace and protection. These are projected symbolically
to deal with our negative delusions like ignorance, anger,
attachment, jealousy, pride, and prejudices.
They are also portrayed beautifully with a specific
but symbolic hand gesture (mudra) and is associated with
a different compass direction and a different element, a
different animal, and with a different emblem. Additionally,
the Tantric categorization has been expanded to include a
Bodhisatwa, a devine Consort and also an animal (known
as Vahana) for each of the Panch Buddhas.
Lessons to Learn from Pancha Buddhas
Vajrayana puts these Pancha Buddhas in a very high
status and connects with many Buddhist philosophies including

Birds Eye View of Different Dimensions of Pancha Buddhas and their Symbolic Teachings:
In short, they are as follows:

Dhyani Buddha/ Pancha Buddha

1. Vairochana
In the Mandala, he is placed in the centrel and
is seen as the totality of all other 4 Buddhas.
The hand gesture of Vairochana is Bodhyanga
the Wheel of Dhamma, symbolizing the first
sermon of Buddha in Saranath Deer Park.
Thus, Vairochana is the illuminating light to
drive away the ignorance and help see the
truth.
Pancha Gyana: Subishuddha Dharmadhatu
Gyan

Compass
Direction
Central
Symbolizing
his immense
capacity to
look in all
directions.

Color
White
This color
embodies
all colors,
symbolizing this
Buddha is the
total of all other 4
Buddhas

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Animal Associated as
Carrier (Vahan)
Lion
Symbolizing majestic power
and strength

Tara
White
Tara

lzsfuf] g]jfM
2. Akshobhya
Akshobhya is to transform the human ignorance
into true knowledge and wisdom just like clear
mirror, it symbolizes the element of water. It is
to help the people to overcome the personal
prejudices and to develop determination and
confidence. This is linked with Adhisthan
element from Dasa Paramita
The hand gesture is earth- touching (bhoomi
sparsa)

East

Deep blue

Elephant

Lochan
Tara

This is the
direction
for new
dawn, just
as Buddhas
victory over
Mara

like water in the

ocean: this has
capacity to act
as a mirror which
is the symbol of
neutral perception
with wisdom

Strong confidence and

determination

South

Yellow

Horse

warm
noonday
sun as
in south
direction

This is the color

of earth gives to
all human beings
without prejudice.

Symbolizes that he takes all

human beings to the spiritual
voyage without prejudice.

West
where the
setting sun
emits warm
red rays.

Red
Symbolizing fire
which burns our
negative delusions

Peacock
It is believed that peacock
can even swallow
poisonous snakes and
transmute it into beauty.
Similarly, even poisonous
mental defilements can be
transformed into discerning
insight.

Padmani
Tara

North

Green

Garuda

Symbolizes
cool air
but very
assuring
and
peaceful
Himalayan
ranges.

This is the color

of peace and
harmony of nature.

This bird is known as snake

devouring. This symbolizes
that this Buddha helps
to detect from afar the
presence of serpent like
negative delusions and
transform into positive
wisdom of accomplishment
and confirmation.

Green
Tara

Pancha Gyana: Aadarsha Gyan

3. Ratna Sambhava
Ratna Sambhava symbolizes the Triple Gems
(Tri- ratna) and transforms the negative human
traits of pride into wisdom of equanimity or
impartiality.
His hand gesture is Varada Mudra

Mamaki
Tara

Pancha Gyana: Samata Gyan

4. Amitabha
Amitabha symbolizes the boundless light,
signifying warmth, compassion, energy and
good fortune and transforms the human
weaknesses of getting attachment into
discerning insight.
The hand symbol is the meditation (dhyani
mudra)
Pancha Gyana: Pratyawekshana Gyan
5. Amoghsiddhi
Amoghsiddhi associates the element of air,
symbolizing reassurance, protection and peace.
The hand symbol is the Abhaya Mudra
Pancha Gyana: Kryanushthan Gyan

Source: Adopted from (Hoivik, 2007).

Namsangiti and Mahamanjushree. Prayers to these Buddhas
can be found in many forms, in numerous sutra collections,
such as in Namsangiti and also in Bauddha Stotra Sangraha
which are easily available in every household. Sutras of
these collections are recited at least one month a year
during the month of Gunla by Buddhist families if not every
day throughout the year.

Buddhism explains the philosophy of sunyata by

dissecting human beings merely as a physical composition
of air, water, fire, and earth which are represented by each
Buddha and at the same time each element explained
in terms of human emotions. Each Buddha is thus
manifestation of not only human emotional delusions
but also an encouragement to overcome those delusions.
Expressing them in the form of colors, and animals and

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associating them with their hand symbols, which are the
example of creative way of reminding people of basic
Buddhist philosophy about the impermanence of human
life. It also reminds us that delusions are humane and dealing
with it positively and transforming these delusions into
wisdom and insight is also possible through mind training.
Moreover, each Buddha is linked with a female consort
and termed as Shakti in Sanskrit (power). This gives
the message that although the images are in male form,
females are on par with the male and are acknowledged as
women power. They are, by no means, lower in status, but
are actually the power to the Buddha image which cannot
be separated. This is an excellent example of Buddhism,
which makes of gender relations and treatment of male and
female in equal status.
The philosophy of these Pancha Buddhas also tells
that human nature is very closely linked to animals. It is
important to acknowledge the positive side of the animal
nature and try to make it best in human life. Linking each
Buddha image with an animal as a carrier (Vahan) and the
animals strength to encourage each human being to learn
from these animals strength to deal with human emotions
and to transform their negative delusions into positive ones.
A deep understanding on the philosophy of these Pancha
Buddhas can help towards powerful self-transformation to
positivity and create a peaceful and harmonious human
society. Many scholars have started to articulate that this
is the component missing in our education system in the
modern world. Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), Swiss
psychologist, was convinced with his own work that human
life has a spiritual purpose beyond material goals. Our main
task, he believed, is to discover and fulfill our deep innate
potential. Based on his study of Christianity, Hinduism,
Buddhism, Gnosticism, Taoism, and other traditions, Jung
believed that this journey of transformation, which he called
individuation, is at the mystical heart of all religions. It is
a journey to meet the self and at the same time to meet
the Divine.
Despite the fact that there is an abundance in the
number of books written by scholars on the Buddhist
philosophy, peace and ways of overcoming delusions, we
still need many other creative ways to transform peoples

ignorant behavior to informed and humanistic behavior,

so that our young generation can learn how to adhere the
human rights in order to bring peace in this world. The first
universal declaration of Human Rights was made in 1948,
and after that there are many declarations to protect women
from discrimination and violence and children. Unfortunately,
violence and discrimination in the world are increasing
everyday. Women, children and voiceless people are still
discriminated despite the laws of the state and international
declarations and commitments. This is because our mind
has to be reminded continuosly that self-transformation
and our responsibility towards other human beings as well
as living beings. Understanding of these Pancha Buddhas
can well illustrate that we are just the composition of four
elements air, earth, water and fire. And we have mind
(chitta), which controls our emotions. By projecting these
five Buddhas, the then Buddhist masters taught us that there
are mental delusions but we can transform these delusions
into positive insights and wisdom. We human beings are
forgetting that development is not only economic development
but the spiritual growth which needs to be included in any
human development to bring a balanced development in the
community as well as in the nation.
References
Bajracharya, H.K. 2014. Aarya Namsangiti Gatha wa
Dharni, Stotra Sngraha. Kathmandu: Namsangiti Bwonami.
Bauddha Stotra Sangraha: Dashvalaastaba Aarya
Namsangiti Sahitam. 2502 Buddha Sambat. Kathmandu:
Dharma Harsha Bajracharya.
Hoivik, S. 2007. The Five Dhyani Buddhas. Born
in Nepal: A Miscellany of Budhist Stories, Legends and
Traditions. Nepal: Vajra Publications. pp. 67-72.
Lewis, T.T. 1984. The Tuladhars of Kathmandu: A Study
of Buddhist Tradition in a Newar Community. A Doctoral
Thesis. New York: Columbia University.
Lewis, Todd Thornton. 1084. "The Tuladhars of
Kathmandu: A Study of Buddhist Tradition in a Newar
Merchant Community." Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation.
Columbia University.
Singh, H.L. 2006. A Brief Encyclopaedia of
Buddhism in Nepal. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak
Bhandar.

Dr. Sumon Kamal Tuladhar is a former senior education specialist in UNICEF Nepal and had 22 years
of research experience under Research Center for Educational Innovation and Development (CERID), TU.
She is currently a social worker and is serving third term as an Executive Board member of Udaaya Samaj.
She is coordinating three sub-committees - Udaaya Museum, Website, and Age Home Project under the
Udaaya Samaj. One of her recent publications is Udaaya Research 2012.
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Maru Joshi Aagan Chhen

The Joshi House
Rohit Joshi
Elk Grove Village, Illinois

The temple was built by our ancestor, Laxmi Narayan Joshi, who wasthe prime ministerduringthe era
of the Malla king Bhupatindra Malla in 808 Nepal Sambat.As you see in the picture I took during my
first visit toKathmandu, Nepal in 2014, it is sandwiched between residential structures.

Let me tell you about The Joshi House of

Worship Temple or simply Joshi Agan Ghar. In
Nepal Bhasa it is called "Joshi Agan Chhen".
It is actually a 17th century temple exclusively
for private worship and can only be accessed by Maru
Joshi descendants of the Royal Priests of the famous
Taleju Bhawani temple situated in Kathmandu Durbar
Square.
The temple was built by our ancestor Laxmi
Narayan Joshi, who wasthe prime ministerduringthe
rule of the Malla king Bhupatindra Malla in 808 Nepal
Sambat.As you see in the picture I took during my

first visit toKathmandu, Nepal in 2014, it is closely

sandwiched between residential structures. The wood
carvings on the doorway,windows, screened balconies
and struts are of fine quality and make it an important
element of the landscape.Laxmi Narayan Joshi had
enough influence to mint coins with an image of the
king on one side and himself on the other. He built
several temples at the time. He built one temple on
behalf of the goddess Laxmi, but astutely named it
after himself as Laxmi Narayan temple.
Luckily, the "Joshi Agan Chhen temple escaped
the damage in the big earthquake on April 25, 2015.

Rohit Joshi is a 5th grade student at Nerge Elementary School, Roselle, Illinois.

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HISTORICAL ASAN

Nilisha Tuladhar
Nepal

Asan is the first destination of Janabahaa Dyo Chariot

festival. The chariot is pulled from Jamal and bought
to Asan through Ratna Park. It is stopped at the center
of Asan tole and kept there overnight.

Asan is known as a famous marketplace throughout

the Kathmandu Valley. It is like a town square that
comprises of six narrow roadways leading to Bhotahity,
Kamalachi, Tyauda, Nhyakatwa, Janabahaa and
Mahaboudha.
Legends lead to ancient stories of Asan about
the formation of the place and its name. The older
generations of the Newar community usually recite the
so-called true incident of Asan to their grand-children.
It is said that once a farmer was carrying a sack of
grains on one of his journeys. On the way, he reached
the place where the Annapurna Temple is located at
present. The farmer got tired from his long journey and
decided to take rest. He put down his sack of grains on
the ground and walked around for some time. Later
when he returned, he couldnt move the sack no matter
how much he tried. The farmer, maybe out of fear or
frustration, went back leaving the bag there.
People saw the bag, yet nobody was able to move
it. The incident of the sack of grains spread throughout
the ancient city of the Kathmandu Valley. Later when
the farmer was asked about the incident, he only uttered
3 syllables- Aa, Na and Sa. These syllables kept
together formed a phrase Aanasa which meant just

over there in Nepal Bhasa. People from far and wide

came to look at the immovable sack. Later they found
out that Goddess Ajima had established herself in the
sack of grains in resemblance of Kalash (an auspicious
pot used in rituals).
This realization of the people led to a better
establishment of the temple for honoring the Goddess.
The area was then named Anasa, like the farmer had
uttered. Later on people started saying Asan.
People also believe that when someone loses
something valuable or important, Goddess Ajima must
be deeply remembered and worshipped. The supreme
power of the Goddess and the belief of the people really
help them to regain the lost valuables.
The Annapurna Temple, also famously known as
Asanbhulu Ajima by, is one of the major attractions of
the Asan area. It is a three-storied temple made of gilt
copper roofs. The locals look upon the Goddess as a
guardian who protects them and provides them with
food grains. The word Annapurna itself signifies full
of grains i.e. Anna meaning grains and Purna meaning
full or satisfied.
In the past, during the beginning of the 20th
century, farmers and traders worshipped the Goddess
for prosperity and success in their business. There lies a

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raised platform in front of the
Annapurna Temple, known as
the Asan Dabuli. Traditional
dances of Gods and Goddesses
are performed here on special
occasions.
Asan comprises of other
temples and monuments too.
The Ganesh temple is a small
two-storied temple with small
roofs. The pinnacle of the
temple is gilded and the roofs
with birds made out of metal at
each corner. In most places of
Nepal, Lord Ganesh is worshipped before starting any
work or activity, believing to get success and happiness.
The Ganesh temple has now been covered with bars
so as to protect the temple and the bells beside it from
detrimental sight in the present world.
Along the Ganesh temple, there lies a Narayan
temple, comparatively smaller in size. People also
believe it to be the temple of the Lokeshwor. Two small
stone lions on either side of the temple are believed
to guard the temple.
Another architectural monument in Asan is the
Nya Lwon, a stone in the form of a fish. It is believed
that this ancient stone had been present at the very spot
even before the establishment of the Annapurna temple.
Some locals depict that the spot where the fish lies
today is the spot where Manjushree had shot his arrow.
The story of Nya Lwon takes us eras back. Two
father and son, both astrologers predicted the fall of a
fish from the sky, and both had pinpointed locations
of the fall on the ground. But their predicted locations
varied. One day a fish actually fell from the sky and
landed on the spot when the son had predicted. The
father was astonished at his wrong prediction, later
realizing his inconsideration of the wind. Thus, the
spot where the fish landed was known as Nya Lwon.
Aside Annapurna temple, at the southern part
of Asan, lies a two storied building with sixteen
windows built for public use named as Yeeta Chappa.
This building is said to be built when Asan area was
still covered with forests. Once, a king lost his way

while hunting. His

men later found
him resting where
now Yeeta Chappa
lies. The place was
marked and a lodge
was built there with
carved wood.
During ancient
times, the building
served a lodge or
a resting place for
travelers. Until few
decades ago, during
the Rana regime Yeeta Chappa was used as a police
station. Later the upper floor of the building was
used by various guthis and clubs of Asan whereas the
ground floor is still crammed with small local shops.
The 2015 earthquake in Nepal has hugely damaged
the ancient building. Although it looks fine from the
outside, the inner structure has become weak and
shaky.
There are many cultural traditions and festivals
held in Asan too.
Asan Chalan is a major festival in the Asan tole.
It is celebrated on the last day of Dashain. On the
day, the clan members come out in a procession with
their sacred swords to destroy the demon. A demons
head is drawn and represented on a pumpkin which
the members slay and later feast after the demons
destruction.
Asan is the first destination of Janabahaa Dyo
Chariot festival. The chariot is pulled Jamal bought
to Asan through Ratna Park. It is stopped at the center
of Asan tole and kept at there overnight. Another
event at Asan is the Dyo Lwakegu festival, meaning
the clash of the Gods. In spite the name, the tradition
is a social gathering of three sister Goddesses from
Tebahaa, Kanga and Wotu.
Other cultural festivals such as Halimali display,
Indrajatra, gunla bajan, etc are celebrated in Asan.
Asan has been a centre area for everyone
which carries a lot of significance in both culture
and business in the past as well as the present day.

Miss Nilisha Tuladhar is a student, currently studying Masters in English at IACER College. She has been
working at Leo club of Kantipur, Kathmandu District 325A1 as the president for the year 2016 -17. She feels
personally attached to Newa traditional values and cultural system, and she perceives the need to protect it.
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BOOK REVIEW

SIN THROUGH
THE EYES OF PEARL

Shreekesh Man Tamrakar

Chicago, Illinois
Pearl represents a great symbolism and plays an
essential role in the plot of The Scarlet Letter. In the
story, Pearl affects the lives of both Dimmesdale and
Hester. The symbolism of Pearl is dynamic because
it changes greatly throughout the story. It begins as
a product of sin, then slowly changes into a reminder
of sin, and in the end serves as redemption and
revival. Pearl is a strong character that is a vital
part of the story who provides complexity to the
novel, The Scarlet Letter.

good and evil. She has a very dynamic beauty and it

is shown in the passage, Pearl was imbibing her soul
from the spiritual world and her bodily frame from
its material of earth (Hawthorne, 83). This quote is
expressing the beauty that Pearl possesses. Although
she is being described in Chapter 6 as a beautiful
and almost angelic girl, the Puritans believe that She
is evil because she is the offspring of sin. Her evil
is shown when she laughs and plays crude jokes on
people. Her character affects the ultimate meaning of
the novel because she defines the struggle between
good and evil, which both Hester and Dimmesdale
face throughout the story due to their wrongdoings.
In the middle of The Scarlet Letter, Pearls
depiction begins to change noticeably. Her character
serves more as a reminder of the sin that Hester
committed. As She begins to grow older, she starts
to notice the bright scarlet letter A sewed on her
mothers chest. During this time, Hester undergoes
pain and struggle because Pearl is always asking her
mother about the scarlet letter. She does not wish to
make her mother suffer, but desires to be just like her.
She tries to convince Hester that committing one sin
does not make one a bad person. Pearl took some eel
grass, and imitated, as best as she could, on her bosom,
the decoration with which she was so familiar on her
mothers(161). The significance of this quote is that it
shows that she understands what situation her mother
is. Her goal is to make Hester know that she wants to be

The novel, The Scarlet Letter, incorporates many

symbols that play a great significance in the story. The
most significant symbol that Nathanial Hawthorne
uses is the character Pearl, who is the daughter of
Hester Prynne. The story revolves around her, and
without her there is no general plot. Her character is
vital because it changes throughout the novel. She
ultimately affects many people and the way they
live their lives. In the beginning of the novel, She is
viewed as a symbol of sin but as the novel progresses,
she begins to symbolize redemption for Hester and
Dimmesdale.
In the beginning of The Scarlet Letter, Pearl is seen
as a product of sin created by Arthur Dimmesdale and
Hester Prynne. Her character is essentially a hybrid of
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just like her. Even though she is a constant reminder to
Hester of the sin she has committed. Pearls imitation
of her mother shows appreciation and gratitude. In
Chapter 16, Hester is again reminded of her offense
of adultery as Pearl and her explore the woods. In the
woods, there is sunlight shining over them and Pearl
attempts to grab the sunshine. After Pearl grasps some
of the sunlight, Hester attempts to do the same, but the
sun goes away. Pearl says, Mother, the sunshine does
not love you. It runs away and hides itself, because it is
afraid of something on your bosom (165). This quote
is showing that the sunshine does not shine on Hester
because of the sin she has committed. Pearl notices this
and it shows her observant side and how she has great
knowledge of the scarlet letter. The ultimate meaning
of this symbolism is that Hester will never completely
escape her own wrongdoings as Pearl will always be
there as a daily reminder of what she has committed.
Pearls ultimate meaning is shown towards the end
of the novel. Her character symbolizes redemption and
renewal for both Hester and Reverend Dimmesdale.
Puritans believed in harsh punishment if one has
committed a sin. In order for one to cleanse their sin, the
Puritans followed theCovenant of Redemption.The
Covenant of Redemption was assumed to be preexistent
to the Covenant of Grace. It held that Christ, who freely
chose to sacrifice himself for fallen man, bound God to
accept him as man's representative (Campbell, 1). The
meaning of this quote is to say that if one challenges
the authority of God, then they will be punished greatly
and must face lots of adversity to gain redemption.
In the beginning of the novel, many people mistreat
Hester and despise her for the crime she has committed.
Hester becomes regretful and feels great humiliation.
As the novel progresses, Hester learns to live with
her sin and values the only good from her sin, which
is Pearl. She serves a treasure for Hester and is the
only reason Hester can hold herself up and handle all
the embarrassment. Hesters role in the community
changes greatly through the novel, as she becomes
beneficial towards the community. Hester tends to the
poor, aids the communitys elderly, and provides moral
support to the women in the community. As a result
of her wholesome deeds, the community begins to

believe that the scarlet letter no longer means adultery,

but as able. Hester is able to live without any regret
or humiliation and wears the scarlet letter proudly
because of Pearl. She helps Hester regain confidence
and no longer overhauls the opinions of others. Pearls
character also helps Dimmesdale towards peace and
revival. Throughout the novel, Dimmesdale faces a
great deal of physical and emotional pain because
he hides the fact that he committed adultery as well.
Dimmesdale is agonized because he cannot tell the
public of his sin; therefore he has to have vigils for
himself. He whips himself as a punishment and also
prevents any happiness from reaching him.Pearl helps
Dimmesdale by telling him that she will not let him
enter her life until he truly accepts the sin that he has
committed. She wants Dimmesdale to be her father
but she cannot have him hiding his sin in public
and feeling hopeless. Dimmesdale finally walks to
the scaffold and publically confesses his sin to the
public. After he does this, Dimmesdale reaches joy,
redemption, and peace in his life for the first time in a
while. Hester and Dimmesdales newfound happiness
and revival were a result of Pearls presence and her
values.
Pearl represents a great symbolism and plays an
essential role in the plot of The Scarlet Letter. In the
story, Pearl affects the lives of both Dimmesdale and
Hester. The symbolism of Pearl is dynamic because
it changes greatly throughout the story. It begins as a
product of sin, then slowly changes into a reminder of
sin, and in the end serves as redemption and revival.
Pearl is a strong character that is a vital part of the
story who provides complexity to the novel, The
Scarlet Letter.
Works Cited
Hawthorne, Nathaniel.The Scarlet Letter. New York:
Bantam Dell, 1850. Print.
Campbell, Donna M. "Puritanism in New
England." Literary Movements. Dept. of English,
Washington State University. March 21, 2010 Web.
December 5, 2012

Shreekesh Man Tamrakar is a student (sophomore) at St.Olaf College, Minnesota.

He has published many aritcles in Chicago Newa, Chautari, Dabu & other magazines.
He was the president of India club, Chicago at Lane Tech College Prep, (2014-2015).
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MY NEWA IDENTITY

Princy Sindurakar
Boston, Massachusetts
I was forced to push my definition of being a Newa.
I felt how impactful the Newa identity is for not
only my parents, but also thousands of people, who
devote themselves to organizing Newa festivals in
their foreign lands.
Until my big move to America in 2010, the
importance of an identity never occurred to me as
I always called myself Nepalese. Every tradition
came naturally to me, growing up with colorful, family
gatherings filled with the jolting energy of youngsters
and endless blessings from our elders. While the country
of Nepal is divided into regions, provinces and districts,
people are associated with unique ethnic groups or clans.
Each group has their own culture. One of the ethnic
communities consists of the Newa.
Like many other families, my family is part of the
Newa, an ancient and crucial population of Nepal. With
numerous unique festivals and customs throughout
the year, my small family of three is always in close
contact with our extended family. For instance, a notable
festival of the Newa consists of Mha Puja, known for
the worship of oneself as a way to reflect and pray for
a prosperous life. This unique celebration takes place
during the Nepal Sambat (Newa New Year). This ritual
is solely performed by the Newa, our complex ethnic
community. Every year, a mass of Newars would fill
and brighten our neighborhood. Busy adults run around
to organize the festivities while kids get reacquainted,
play and share their novel experiences since their last
reunion.

Immigrating to the United States and leaving behind

our families wasnt pleasant and has had its challenges,
I have come to realize that many festivals, like Mha
Puja, are special and build pride within the community.
I have learned how important each festival has been
to the Newa community throughout the centuries, but
especially to me and my family in America now.
In addition to the distinct festivals and traditions,
the Newa community takes profound pride in their
highly complex language, Nepal Bhasa. While it is
widely used by the Newas, I regret that so far I have
never been as fluent as my parents or my cousins are.
I always feel proud when I hear our language spoken.
Nepal Bhasa even has several scripts such as the wellknown Ranjana script.
Like the festivals and the language, there are many
impressive elements of the Newa community. When my
father pursued the path to preserve our Newa culture
and values, I discovered my lack of knowledge of my
own identity; my Newa identity. I was forced to push my
definition of being a Newa. I felt how impactful the Newa
identity is for not only my parents, but also thousands
of people, who devote themselves to organizing Newa
festivals in their foreign lands. Their work to unite the
Newa community and raise awareness of the unique
aspects of the Newa fascinates me.
By meeting dedicated elders who fight to preserve
the Newa culture, I have been compelled to explore
my own identity. While being Nepalese American is
complicated, especially for the younger generation, I
strongly believe in being aware of and being an active
member in the Newa community. Now when my friends
ask me about my language or food, I can proudly explain
that they are part of my ethnic community within the
larger context of Nepal and the world. Surprisingly, my
huge transition has provided me with a new perspective
on my identity and with my parents involvement in
Newa cultural organizations; I have the opportunity
to expand my knowledge of Newa communitys rich
cultures. As a college bound young adult, I can encourage
the younger generation to further their own identities
with exploration.

Princy Sindurakar has written many articles in English and Nepal Bhasa.
She is a freshman at College of the Holy Cross.
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WHAT BEAUTY MEANS TO ME

Nistha Tamrakar
Chicago, Illinois
Beauty can have its misinterpretations
by others; however, beauty is personal to
everyone, and therefore that misinterpretation
might be wrong.
Beauty is not usually obvious. Beauty is meant to
be searched for, experienced and acknowledged well
before it actually appeals as beautiful to one. Though
the concept of beauty that everyone visualizes in people,
places or things can be a difficult to explain, each
individual understands beauty in their own terms. The
word beauty itself has a harmony and a feeling that is
soothing. Therefore, whatever one may find beautiful
has its own unique harmony or feeling, in the way they
perceive it. True beauty may not be transparent, it needs
to be explored.
What one might view as beautiful, another might
view it as very repulsive. A representation of this is seen
in the everyday world with people. Everyone has their
own unique attraction. Beauty is something that is neither
tampered nor polluted. For some, beauty is eternal and
therefore through their eyes, it never alters. Beauty can
have its misinterpretations by others, however beauty
is personal to everyone, therefore that misinterpretation
might be wrong. No two people will see beauty in exactly
the same way.
Beauty evokes emotions and senses. Beauty should
be able to inspire, heal, encourage, while also being able
to relax, appeal, and communicate. Beauty is something
that anyone or anything can possess. It is something that

can be appreciated. It cannot and should not be imitated,

or fake. Plastic beauty is not the same as natural beauty.
Nature offers beauty in its rawest form, and therefore
should not be tampered with. Leaving beauty in its
original form is what makes it most striking than ever.
In todays world, there are various languages that
everyone speaks. Languages define peoples ethnicity,
heritage, culture, and gives one identity. Dialects and
languages are considered beautiful because of its
uniqueness. Though English may seem plain and boring
to one, another may find that the language is hidden
with such beauty that they admire it a lot. It takes one
to explore and realize what they find beautiful, and
language is exactly that.
Language has the ability to evoke strong emotions.
A language can transform the definitions of the words
used in the structure of a phrase. Languages are not
dull. Each language has its own style, and it creates a
social link of communication. As stated, beauty should
be able to inspire, languages have greatly succeeded
in doing just that. People hear languages spoken by
others, and want to learn it. Many want to establish
individuality by learning a certain language that is not
common to them.
Beauty that can transform one to take on a challenge
of a whole new world is extraordinary. The beauty of
language should not only focus on the language itself,
however but the link to it to the world. Without languages,
this world would be silent, and no communication is
established. That is why a major reason for language
being beautiful is because it connects to nature so much.
Beauty is not just from the outside; therefore just
the way a language sounds to ones hear should not
be judged beautiful based on that. Languages have a
great depth of history, and are a key element in human
nature. Languages are not plastic, and date back to
civilization. It is natural, and because it is in it rawest
form, the beauty of it is mesmerizing. Languages can
be misinterpreted as many other beautiful things are,
however the beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
Languages define beauty because it has been explored
and it has a deeper level of meaning to it.

Miss Nistha Tamrakar has graduated from University of Illinois at Chicago in 2015 with a Bachelors degree
in Health Information Management. Also during her high school years, she was the feature editor of the "The
Warrior" (The Warrior is a student-produced newspaper published by the Journalism students of Lane Tech
College Prep High School). She has written interesting articles for the Warrior and other magazines while
she was at school. Today, she is a professional Heath Information Management Account Manager for the
medical records department at Loyola University Medical Center in Maywood, Illinois.
109
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lzsfuf] g]jfM

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Happy New Year

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Nepal Sambat 1137

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Sushma,
Umanga and Grace Shrestha
Mt. Prospect, Illinois

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Chicagoland Nepali Friendship Society

Chicago, Illinois

Happy New Year

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Nepal Sambat 1137

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Ramakant, Shanti,
Sankalp & Sita Kharel
Glenview, Illinois

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Bhagwan,
Ramala Adhikari & Family
Des Plaines, Illinois

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UNDERSTANDING OF NEWA ARCHITECTURE

OF KATHMANDU VALLEY

Rhea Joshi
Elk Grove Village, Illinois

The religious aspect of Newa architecture includes temples. Notable features of

temples include curved bracket doors, elegant carving of the windows, sloping
hipped roofs and the roof overhang. The sloping roofs are also found in the
rest houses or dharmashalas. These houses were generally constructed by rich
people to facilitate travelers on their way to destinations.

Communities all around the world have been

adapting themselves in different landscapes and climates.
As they adapt, they engage themselves in activities
which support them. This behavior reflects on the
architecture of Kathmandu Valley. The Newars are the
most ancient inhabitants of this valley; therefore the
architecture is inspired by their culture and practices.
It was during the Malla Period, when the practices
were heavily influenced and developed on the
architecture of Kathmandu Valley. The Malla towns
include the special kind of domestic house that was
created considering the movement of Gods as the people
perceived it and the daily activities of the people. The
people would bathe early in the morning, visit the
temples for worship, and go to the farm and the market
for buying daily necessities. This routine of movement
created a certain pattern that developed the idea and
creation of the squares. As death was perceived with
fear, the cremation places were placed far away from the
other series of squares. Such squares led to the formation
of bigger squares, such as palace squares which would
encompass palaces, temples, community bathes, etc.
The Malla towns were very different from the rest of
the Nepali settlements, as the Newar settlements were
usually clustered on either side of a narrow street.
The 3 main types of traditional Newa Architecture
include: residential (palaces and common man house),
religious (temples), public (rest house, community
bath). Palaces that belong to the Mallas are located in
Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patan. Over the years, the
palace of Patan still remains unchanged from its original

form. The court style building has temples, pillars, rest

houses, and a communal bath around the palace, which
consists of different courts. Due to the earthquake
in 2016, some structures have been destroyed. The
residential portion also contains the common man house.
This type of house used to consist of 3 levels but with
the new technology and changes in lifestyle, it now
contains up to 6 levels. This addition of levels causes
the lower floor levels to receive no sunlight during
the winter. The condition is worsened by the fact that
the traditional houses did not have any damp-proofing
system. The religious aspect of Newa architecture
includes temples. Notable features of temples include
curved bracket doors, elegant carving of the windows,
sloping hipped roofs and the roof overhang. The sloping
roofs are also found in the rest houses or dharmashalas.
These houses were generally constructed by rich people
to facilitate travelers on their way to destinations. On
their way to landmarks, the tourists can experience
public announcements and washes in the communal
bath. Some bathes no longer function but they were
traditionally cleaned every year during the festival
of Sitinakha. As time went on, many traditions were
tweaked and revised.
The traditions and cultures of the Malla period had
a tremendous influence on Newa Architecture, but it
continues to grow and change. As people evolve, so
do the activities that they embark on.
Reference
Leena Shrestha
Architectural Dissertation, 1998

Rhea Joshi is a sophomore student at James B Conant High School, Hoffman Estates, Illinois.
111
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lzsfuf] g]jfM

lzsfuf]o\ slj j ;+rf/

sMldln;] cGt/lqmof
g]jfM cd]l/sg ba", lzsfuf]of Uj;fno\ g]kfn+ emfof
Rjgf bLlk+ g]kfnefiff kl/ifbof 5\of~h] j slj efh' glag
lrqsf/ j jN8{ g]jfM cu{gfOh]zg g]kfM RofK6/of d"5o\ f~h]
do\h' /lZdnf k|hfkltln;] cGt/lqmof HofjM h"u' b' .
pu' Hofjno\ efh' lrqsf/+ Gx"u' ;+lawfgof 5k'n'
j g]jfM ;+:s[lt j ;flxToof ljifo; gjfgfbLu' vM .
cy] x] do\h' k|hfklt+ g]jfM ;dfho\ ld;fto\u' g]tT[ jof
e"ldsf ljifo; yMu' vF tofbLu' vM .

Olngf]Oof gfON;o\ Rj+u' lxdfnog /]i6'/]06of 5u"

sIfo\ h"u' pu' Hofjno\ g]jfM cd]l/sg ba"of gfoM
>j0fs'df/ >]i7, No"gfoM ls/0f Ao~hgsf/, bf+el/+ pbo
dxh{g d"b'hM >4fsdn tfd|fsf/ j sdnf s'Fj/kfv]+
vfbf, :jf+ j pkxf/ b]5fgfM g]kfn+ emfMlk+ efh' lrqsf/
j do\h' k|hfkltlkGt n;s'; ofgf bLu' vM .
pu' Hofjno\ pkl:yt h'ofbLlk+ lzsfuf] j hMvMof
g]jfMt;]+ Go+u' yLyL GXo;Mof ln;M efh' glag lrqsf/
j do\h' /lZdnf k|hfklt+ laofbLu' vM .
HofjM g]jfM cd]l/sg ba"of 5\of~h] efh' laa]s
>]i7+ GXofsfbLu' vM .

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

g]kfn ;Dat !!#& of

Happy New Year

Happy New Year

Nepal Sambat 1137

Nepal Sambat 1137

Rajan, Sushma,
Sophia & Suzanne Shahi

Sushil Maharjan

g]jfM cgnfOg Go'h nn]Gb| zfSo, @)&@ r}q @(, ;f]daf/

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

n;tfo\\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Chicago, Illinois

112
Newa American Dabu

Bensenville, Illinois

lzsfuf] g]jfM

lzsfuf]o\ Gx"bF HofjM

o]F -;GWof 6fOD;_ g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#^ Gx"bFof n;tfo\
cd]l/sfof lzsfuf]o\ Gx"bF ;df/f]x h'n . g]jfM cd]l/sg
ba", lzsfuf]of Uj;fno\ h"u' Hofjno\ kfxf+lk+t ;u+
laofM Dxk'hfof Sjvf Sjvfo]sfM n;s'; ofMu' vM .
Hofjno\ lzsfuf]of ln;]+ cd]l/sfof d]d]u' /fHooflk+
lg;n+ dNofs kfxf+lklg pkl:ylt b'u' vM .

Hofjno\ ba"of Gx"lk+ kbflwsf/Llklg Dx;Lsf aLu'

j k'nf+lk+ kbflwsf/Llk+t vfbf Sjvfo]sfM xgfkf} nMNxfMu'
vM . ba"of lgat{dfg gfoM s]z/dfg tfd|fsf/ j /dL
k|wfg+ GXofs"u' Hofjno\ ba"of b'hMlk+;+ n;s'; Do]F
xfnfM kfxf+lk+t n;s'; ofMu' vM . cy] x] gfoM >j0f
s'df/ >]i7+ n;s'; Gjr" laof bLu' vM . Hofjno\
uflosf glngf lrqsf/+ yLyL Do]F g+ GosfbLu' vM .
HofjMof lg+lt+ Ujfxfln ofMlk+t ba"of ;lrj laa]s >]i7+
;'efo\ b]5fofbLu' vM .

lzsfuf]of lnof]g ;]G6/ df]6{gu|f]eof xno\ h"u'

;df/f]xof pn]Hof lzsfuf]of al/i7 efh' dbgdf]xg
>]i7+ TjfMb]jf RofsfM ofgfbLu' vM . Hofjno\ lzsfuf]
g]jfM klqsfof Gofu"u' NofMof lktAjHof cnfafdf /fHo+
emfMlk+ dbg /fhe08f/L j 8f= wd{b]aL /fhe08f/L+ d+sfM ;GWof 6fOD; lGxkf}of bF @! NofM !( ; g]= ;+= !!#^
sy+ ofgfbLu' vM .
s5nfYj !% v'Gx' lkb+u' .

g]jfM cd]l/sg ba"of

u'EF jo\ HofjM
o] -emLu' :jlguM_
g]jfM cd]l/sg ba", lzsfuf]of Uj;fno\ j+u'
;lgjfM af}of VjfM :jo]u' n;tfo\ 5u" u'Ejo\of
HofjM ofMu' b' . jf/]glenof Anfo\sj]n km/]i6
lk|he{ w}u' lkslgs :yno\ pu' u'FEjo\ ofMu' vM .
pu' Hofjno\ gjf;] ba"of gfoM >j0fs'df/
>]i7+ g]jfM tlhnlh Gx"u' k':tfoft nMNxfo\ dfMu'
vFo\ ax laof lbn;f lgjt{dfg gfoM s]z/dfg

tfd|fsf/+ g]jfMto\u' klxrfg w}u' emLu' g]jfM efo\

vM, emL;+ emL d:to\t g]jfM efo\ Nxfs]dfMu'
vFo\ Wjfy'Osf bLu' vM .
Hofjno\ ;do\alh j yLyL sf;f g+
GXoAjMu' vM . cy] x] g]jfM j u}/ g]jfM
ofgfM ;Tof+ dofs dg"to\;+ AJlt sofbLu'
vM . HofjM lnkf g]jfM Ejo\ gs"u' vM .

g]kfn ;Dat !!#^ t5nfuf t[ltof ;+ lkb+u' a'vF .

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