ACOUSTICS

2 MARKS
1. WHAT IS MEANT BY FREQUENCY
2. WHAT IS A DECIBEL?
3. DEFINE REVERBERATION
4. DEFINE ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT
5. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN SOUND INSULATION AND SOUND TRANSMISSION
6. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY AIRBORNE NOISE
7. WHAT IS A FLOATING FLOOR?
8. WHY IS A MASONRY WALL A GOOD SOUND INSULATING BARRIER?
9. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF VOLUME OF A SPACE IN ITS ACOUSTICAL DESIGN?
10.WHAT IS MEANT BY A SOUND LOCK IN ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS?
11.WHAT IS MEANT BY INFRA SOUND AND ULTRA SOUND? WHAT IS THE UNIT FOR MEASURING
SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS?
12.WHAT IS A SONOMETER?
13.STATE THE PRINCIPLE OF SOUND REFLECTION AND THE LAWS RELATED TO IT
14.DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DEAD ROOM AND LIVE ROOM
15.WHAT IS PANEL ABSORBER? WHERE IS IT USED?
16.WHAT IS MEANT BY REVERBERATION?
17.WHAT IS NOISE? WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF NOISES?
18.WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DIFFRACTION OF SOUND AND WHAT DOES IT DEPEND ON?
19.DESCRIBE MASS LAW WITH THE HELP OF SUITABLE EXAMPLES
20.MENTION FEW INSULATING FITTINGS AND GADGETS.
21.WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ACOUSTICS IN ARCHITECTURE?
22.WHAT IS RESONANCE?
23.DEFINE WAVELENGTH
24.DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SOUND INSULATION AND SOUND TRANSMISSION
25.WHAT IS AN ECHO?
26.WHAT IS MEANT BY ABSORBENT COEFFICIENT OF A MATERIAL
27.DISTINGUISH BETWEEN A MUSICAL NOTE AND A NOISE
28.WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SOUND LOCK OR NOISE LOCK IN ARCHITECTURE
29.IS A MASONRY WALL A SOUND INSULATING BARRIER? IF YES, WHY?
30.SUGGEST FEW ACOUSTIC TREATMENTS FOR THE INTERIORS OF A CLASSROOM
31.DEFINE THRESHOLD OF AUDIBILITY
32.DISCUSS ABOUT PITCH AND SOUND INTENSITY
33.WHAT IS SOUND ABSORPTION
34.BRIEF ABOUT COUPLED RESONATORS
35.EXPLAIN WHAT IS MEANT BY NOISE REDUCTION FACTOR
36.WHAT ARE THE VARYING TYPES OF NOISES?
37.SKETCH THE CONSTRUCTION DETAIL FOR CEILING IN REGARD TO ACOUSTICAL DESIGN OF A
LECTURE HALL
38.SKETCH THE CONSTRUCTION DETAIL FOR FLOORING IN REGARD TO ACOUSTICAL DESIGN
OF AUDITORIUM
39.WHAT ARE THE NECESSARY INPUTS FOR ACOUSTICAL DESIGN OF A BROADCASTING
STUDIO?
40.DISCUSS THE ROLE OF SITE SELECTION IN REGARD TO OPEN AIR THEATRE
41.WHAT IS MEANT BY REVERBERATION TIME?
42.DISCUSS ABOUT THRESHOLD OF HEARING
43.BRIEF ABOUT DECIBEL SCALE
44.DEFINE ECHO
45.WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF NOISE ON HUMAN BEINGS?
46.MENTION SOME REGULATIONS FOR PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AGAINST NOISE
POLLUTION FROM AIRPORTS
47.WRITE SHORT NOTES ON SONOMETER
48.WRITE SHORT NOTES ON SITE SELECTION FOR A LECTURE HALL
49.GIVE ANY TWO EFFETIVE SOUND REINFORCEMENT METHODS FOR AN OPERA
50.BRIEF ABOUT ANY INSULATION FITTINGS USED IN THE CURRENT SCENARIO FOR OFFICES
16 MARKS

UNIT 1
1.

EXPLAIN THE WORKING OF A HUMAN EAR WITH A NEAT SKETCH

THE EAR
Some knowledge of the ear's charactertistics is necessary to fully appreciate the problems which arise in architectural acoustics.
The range of sound pressures to which the ear can respond is prodigious. The ear can withstand sounds of pressure amplitudes in
excess of 100 Pa and yet can detect sound pressures of 0,00001 Pa. Such small sound pressures, in the ear's most sensitive
range which is from 1000 Hz to 5000 Hz, produce a displacement of the eardrum of the order of 1011 m. This minute distance is
approximately one tenth of the diameter of a hydrogen molecule. The ear, however, is more than just an extremely sensitive
microphone. It is also, together with the brain a frequency analyser capable of fine discrimination between tones.
The minimum intensity level perceptable by the ear at a particular frequency is known as the threshold of hearing or threshold of
audibility at that frequency. The threshold of hearing varies from person to person even among people who have "normal" hearing.
This threshold is also a function of the age of the listener, the progressive loss in sensitivity at the higher frequencies with age is
called presbycusis. From Fig. 1.14 one can see that it requires nearly a million times more power to produce an audible sound at
50 Hz than at 3000 Hz.

As the intensity of the acoustic waves incident on the ear is increased, the sound perceived by the ear becomes louder and louder
until the sensation ceases to be one of hearing but one of "tickling" or feeling within the ear. This level is known as the threshold of
feeling. It is less dependent on fre quency than the threshold of hearing and has a value of about 120dB. The approximate limits of
the frequencies and the intensities normally experienced in speech and music are also shown in Fig. 1.14.

2.

3.

EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING: (i) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREQUENCY, WAVELENGTH AND

SPEED OF A WAVE MOTION (ii) DECIBEL SCALE (iii) OCTAVE BANDS (iv) FEQUENCY
RANGES OF SPEECH AND MUSIC
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DECIBEL AND PHONA? HOW ARE THEY USED IN
ACOUSTICAL MEASUREMENTS?
In theoretical investigations of acoustic phenomena, it is convenient to express sound pressure, sound intensity and sound power
by Pa, W.m.2 and W respectively. For practical measurements, however, it is usual to express these quantities using logarithmic
scales. There are several reasons for using such scales. One is a consequence of the very wide range of sound pressures and
intensities encountered e.g. the range of audible intensities is from 1012 to 10W.m2 . The use of a logarithmic scale
compresses the range of numbers required to describe this wide range of intensities. Another reason is that the human ear
subjectively judges the relative loudness of two sounds by the ratio of their intensities, which is a logarithmic behaviour.
The most commonly employed logarithmic scale for describing sound levels is the decibel scale. One decibel is the energy or
power ratio, r, defined by Log]0 r = 0,1 (1.7)
For sound pressure or particle velocity ratios, the definition is Log10r = 0,05.
The important point about the decibel is that it is a relative measurement and that each quantity measured in decibels is expressed
as a ratio relative to a reference pressure, power or intensity or whatever other quantity is being considered. It is good policy to
employ the word "level" whenever decibels are used e.g. sound pressure level, sound power level etc. as a reminder that the
measurement is a ratio relative to some reference level.
The subjective characteristics of a sound known as the loudness is a function of the sound's intensity and frequency. From Fig. 1.1
4 for example, one can see that a pure tone having an intensity level of 20 dB and a frequency of 1000 Hz would be clearly audible
whereas a tone having the same intensity but a frequency of 100 Hz would not be heard at all as it lies well below the threshold of
hearing.
From the results of many subjective experiments, contours of equal loudness can be drawn on an intensity vs frequency diagram
as shown in Fig. 1.15.
The unit of loudness level is the phon. The loudness level in phons of any sound is defined as being numerically equal to the
intensity level in decibels of a 1 000 Hz tone that is judged by the average observer to be equally loud.

4.
5.
6.

SKETCH SCHEMATICALLY THE AUDIBLE RANGE AND THRESHOLDS OF THE EAR. EXPLAIN
THE LOWER AND UPPER THRESHOLDS AND ITS RELEVANCE.
EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ABOUT THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF HEARING MECHANISM OF THE
HUMAN EAR WITH NEAT SKETCH
(i)DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN LOUDNESS AND INTENSITY OF A SOUND (ii)LONGITUDINAL
AND TRANSVERSE WAVES (iii) OCTAVE BANDS (iv)DECIBEL SCALE

7.
8.
9.
10.

DETAIL ABOUT THE ANATOMY OF EAR AND EXPLAIN ABOUT HEARING MECHANISM
EXPLAIN ABOUT (i)INTELLIGIBILITY OF SPEECH (ii)BINOMIAL HEARING (iii)DECIBEL SCALE
EXPLAIN ABOUT THE ANATOMY OF THE EAR AND THE HEARING MECHANISM
WRITE IN DETAIL ABOUT (i) INTELLIGIBILITY OF SPEECH (ii)SOUND INTENSITY (iii)DECIBEL
SCALE

UNIT 2
1. A HALL MEANT FOR SPEECH HAS A SEATING CAPACITY FOR 350 PERSONS. THE VOLUME OF
THIS HALL IS 1029.6 SQ M.ASSUME THE DOORS AND WINDOWS TO BE CLOSED WHILE THE
LECTURE IS IN PROGRESS.THE FOLLOWING TABLE GIVES THE DETAILS REGARDING THE
VARIOUS SURFACES AND THEIR RESPECTIVE ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS:
SL
N
O
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

ITEM

AREA IN SQM

ABSORPTION COEFF (a)

PLASTERED BRICK
223.2
0.02
WALL
PLASTERED
286
0.02
CEILING
GLASS WINDOWS
16.2
0.18
WOODEN DOORS
12.6
0.10
CONCRETE FLOOR
286
0.02
AUDIENCE
.47 PER OCCUPIED SEAT
UNOCCUPIED
.40 PER UNOCCUPIED
SEATS
SEAT
(i)CALCULATE THE REVERBERATION TIME AT 500Hz FOR THIS HALL WHEN ALL THE SEATS
ARE FULLY OCCUPIED (ii)THE OPTIMUM REVERBERATION TIME FOR THIS HALL IS 0.82
SECONDS. DETERMINE THE TOTAL ABSORPTION REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THIS OPTIMUM
REVERBERATION TIME.

2. CALCULATE THE REVERBERATION TIME AT 125Hz, 500 Hz, 2000 Hz FOR A HALL OF 2500 M3
HAVING THE FOLLOWING SURFACE FINISHES: PLASTER ON BRICK 265 M2, 3MM GLASS
WINDOW 43 M2, STAGE BOARDS ON JOIST 70 M2, 25MM WOOD WOOL SLABS 60 M2,
PLATE GLASS SCREEN 96 M2, CEILING PLASTERS 310 M2, WOOD BLOCK FLOOR 300
M2. ASSUME THE SHADING OF THE FLOOR BY THE AUDIENCE EFFECTIVELY REDUCES THE
ABSORPTION BY 40% AT 125Hz AND 500Hz AND BY 60% AT 2000Hz
3.

WHAT IS MEANT BY ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT OF A MATERIAL? EXPLAIN ANY ONE METHOD

TO FIND OUT THE ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT
The sound absorption coefficient, a , of an acoustic material is difficult to measure precisely because a depends on the manner in which
the material is installed, whether the tests are carried out on large or small samples, on the angle of incidence of the sound on the
sample, upon the characteristics of the room etc. The absorption coefficient claimed by the manufacturer of a particular acoustic
material should therefore be looked upon as an average to be used by the acoustic engineer in estimating the amount of sound
absorption required.
Several methods have been developed for the determination of sound absorption coefficients each method giving a different value of Oi
for the same test material. As of yet, no reliable method has been devised for relating the results of one method with the results of
another. Each method, however, has its use.
Three methods will be described here, namely the reverberation room method, the standing wave method and the tone burst method.
Reverberation Room Method
This method entails measuring the change in reverberation time of a specially constructed reverberation room when samples of sound
absorbers are introduced into the room. The equivalent absorption area of separate objects such as furniture, people and functional
absorbers may also be measured by this method.
If the reverberation time of the room at a certain frequency (frequency band) before the introduction of the sample was T t and after the
introduction, T2, then the equivalent absorption area, A, of the empty reverberation room is increased by AA which can be calculated
from

where V = volume of the room c = velocity of sound under specified measuring conditions (temperature, humidity etc.)
For a plane absorber mounted on the wall, floor or ceiling of the room the absorption coefficient of the specimen may be calculated from

Due to diffraction which can occur at the edges of the test specimen, the equivalent absorption area determined by this method is not

always directly related to the area of the specimen. It is possible that the values for absorption coefficients resulting from this test
method are greater than unity.
For the case of a poor absorber (e.g. plaster) it may be necessary to consider that AA is actually the difference between the equivalent
absorption area of the specimen and that of the portion of the wall or floor covered so that eqn.6.2 has to be corrected to

where crw = absorption coefficient of the wall or floor covered The ISO has published a Recommendation entitled "ISO/R 354
Measurement
of absorption coefficients in a reverberation room'' which is intended to promote uniformity in the methods of measuring . In this
Recommendation it is stated that a suitable reverberation room should have a minimum volume of 180 m3 and that the walls should be
hard and smooth and no two walls should be parallel, i.e. the room should be of irregular shape (Fig.6.9).
Any of the instrumentation arrangements mentioned under the heading reverberation time may be used to determine cx according to
this method.

4. WHAT IS MEANT BY ADJUSTABLE AND FUNCTIONAL ABSORBERS? EXPLAIN WITH EXAMPLES

5. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ABOUT (i)REFLECTION OF SOUND FROM FLAT AND CURVED SURFACES
(ii)PHENOMENON OF TRANSMISSION LOSS
6. (i)WHAT IS REVERBERATION AND REVERBERATION TIME? (ii)DEDUCE SABINES FORMULA
FOR REVERBERATION TIME
7. ELUCIDATE ON THE FOLLOWING (i)PANEL ABSORBERS (ii)PERFORATED BOARDS (iii)VOLUME
ABSORBERS
8. AN AUDITORIUM OF VOLUME 1000 CU M IS HAVING A SEATING CAPACITY OF 150 PERSONS.
CALCULATE THE REVERBERATION TIME WHEN (i)THE HALL IS EMPTY (ii)WITH FULL CAPACITY
OF AUDIENCE (iii)AUDIENCE OCCUPYING ONLY CUSHIONED CHAIRS. USE THE FOLLOWING
DATA:
SL
NO
1
2
3
4
5

SURFACE

AREA

PLASTERED WALL
WOODEN FLOOR
WOODEN DOOR
PLASTERED CEILING
CUSHIONED CHAIR

115
140
25
180
12 NOS

ABSORPTION
COEFFICIENT
0.03
0.06
0.06
0.04
1.00

9. ELABORATE ABOUT THE TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION OF SOUND

10.A THEATRE OF VOLUME 2000 CU M IS HAVIN A SEATING CAPACITY OF 350 PERSONS.
CALCULATE REVERBERATION TIME WHEN (i)THE HALL IS EMPTY (ii)WITH FULL CAPACITY OF
AUDIENCE
SL NO

SURFACE

AREA

1
2
3
4

PLASTERED WALL
WOODEN FLOOR
WOODEN DOOR
PLASTERED CEILING

220
250
60
230

ABSORPTION
COEFF
0.03
0.06
0.06
0.04

UNIT 3
1. EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING (i) PITCH AND LOUDNESS (ii)REFLECTION OF SOUND FROM FLAT
AND CURVED SURFACES (iii)DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THRESHOLD OF AUDIBILITY AND
THRESHOLD OF PAIN
2. EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING TERMS (i)TRANSMISSION OF NOISE (ii)TRANSMISSION LOSS
(iii)SOURCE ROOM AND RECEIVING ROOM (iv)STRUCTURE BORNE NOISES
3. A HALL OF SIZE 20 X 10 X 6 M HAS A REVERBERATION TIME OF 2 SECONDS. IF THE
OPTIMUM REVERBERATION TIME IS 1 SECOND, GIVE YOUR SUGGESTION TO ACHIEVE THE
OPTIMUM LEVEL.
4. LIST OUT THE POSSIBLE ACOUSTICAL DEFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH ENCLOSED SPACES.
SUGGEST REMEDIAL MEASURES FOR EACH DEFECT
5. (i)WHAT IS NOISE? MENTION THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NOISE (ii)ELABORATE ON THE TYPES
OF NOISES
6. WHAT ARE SOUND ABSORPTION MATERIALS? EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS SOUND ABSORPTION
MATERIALS GIVING EXAMPLES AND SKETCHES OF THE SAME
7. WHAT ARE THE METHODS TO CONTROL NOISE POLLUTION IN AIRPORTS, MRTS?
8. WRITE IN DETAIL ABOUT NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL RULES OF 2000.
9. EXPLAIN ABOUT (i)TYPES OF NOISE (ii)NOISE CURVE (iii)RAILWAY TRAFFIC NOISE
10.DELINEATE ABOUT NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL RULES 2000
UNIT 4
1. DISCUSS EACH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING STRATEGIES AVAILABLE TO INSULATE THE
STRUCTURE BORNE SOUND: (i)SOFT OR RESILIENT FLOOR COVERING (ii)RESILIENTLY
SUPPORTED FLOOR (iii)SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL CEILING/ RESILIENTLY SUPPORTED
FLOORING (iv)STRUCTURAL DISCONTINUITY IN FLOOR AND CEILING
2. DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE VARIOUS METHODS OR TECHNIQUES OF AIR BORNE SOUND
INSULATION
3. SUGGEST THE CONSTRUCTION FEATURES OF THE DANCING FLOOR ARRANGED IN THE
UPPER FLOOR OF A BUILDING. EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE BORNE SOUND CAN BE
PREVENTED?
4. EXPLAIN THE STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE FOR THE ACOUSTICAL DESIGN OF AN OPEN AIR
THEATRE
5. DISCUSS ABOUT THE VARIOUS ACOUSTICAL TREATMENTS PERTAINING TO WALLS, FLOORS
AND CEILING FOR THE DESIGN OF AN AUDITORIUM
6. DISCUSS IN DETAIL ABOUT (i)FLOATING FLOORS (ii)RESILIENT FLOOR COVERINGS
(iii)SUSPENDED CEILINGS(iv)INSULATION OF MACHINERY
7. SKETCH THE CONSTRUCTION DETAIL FOR (i)CEILING IN AUDITORIUM (ii)FLOATING FLOOR
DETAIL
8. ELUCIDATE ON ANY FOUR INSULATION FITTINGS AND BRIEF ABOUT INSULATION OF
MACHINERY
9. SKETCH THE CONSTRUCTION DETAIL FOR (i)OBSERVATION WINDOW IN A RECORDING ROOM
(ii)DOOR IN A RECORDING ROOM
10.SKETCH THE CONSTRUCTION DETAIL FOR (i)CEILING IN AUDITORIUM (ii)FLOORING IN
AUDITORIUM
UNIT 5
1. WHAT ARE THE REQUIREMENTS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE DESIGN OF CONCERT HALLS?
EXPLAIN
2. WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS ACOUSTICAL DESIGN FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE DESIGN
OF A BROADCASTING STUDIO? EXPLAIN IN DETAIL
3. HOW WILL YOU ENCLOSURE THE SOUND PROOFING OF A RECORDING STUDIO? SKETCH THE
DETAILS.
4. WRITE A NOTE ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROPHONES AND SPEAKERS UNDER THE
MONOPHONIC AND STEREOPHONIC SOUND SYSTEM?

5. EXPLAIN THE SOUND REINFORCEMENT SYSTEMS FOR THE FOLLOWING BUILDING TYPES
(i)CHURCH (ii)CLASSICAL MUSIC AND OPERA
6. EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS ACOUSTICAL MEASURES, TREATMENTS AND DESIGN FACTORS TO BE
CONSIDERED IN THE DESIGN OF A BROADCASTING STUDIO
7. WHAT ARE THE DESIGN CRITERIA FOR AUDITORIUM IN REGARD TO ACOUSTICS?
8. WHAT ARE THE DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CONCERT HALL IN REGARD TO ACOUSTICS? EXPLAIN
THE SAME IN REGARD TO SITE SELECTION, DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND VOLUME TREATMENT
9. WHAT ARE THE DESIGN CRITERION FOR A CLASSROOM IN REGARD TO ACOUSTICS?
10.EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ABOUT DESIGN CRITERIA FOR THE DESIGN FOR BROAD CASTING STUDIO
IN REGARD TO ACOUSTICS
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
2 MARKS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE IN TODAYS SCENARIO

OUTLINE ANY FOUR RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
WHAT IS SOLAR PASSIVE ARCHITECTURE?
BRIEFLY EXPLAIN ANY FOUR VERNACULAR SOLUTIONS USED IN WARM AND HUMID CLIMATE
OUTLINE ANY TWO ADVANCED PASSIVE COOLING TECHNIQUES WHICH CAN BE USED IN
HOT DRY CLIMATE
6. SKETCH THE TROMBE WALL
7. BRIEFLY EXPLAIN THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF NOCTURNAL RADIATION COOLING
8. OUTLINE THE WAYS OF ROOF DESIGN WHICH CAN VARY WITH CLIMATE TYPE
9. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF VENTILATION?
10.WHAT IS DAYLIGHT FACTOR?
11.WHAT IS MEANT BY ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE?
12.LIST OUT ANY TWO BUILDING DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR A COLD REGION
13.DEFINE THERMAL COMFORT
14.WHAT IS DAYLIGHT FACTOR?
15.WHAT IS DIRECT GAIN METHOD?
16.DRAW A DETAILED SECTION OF A TROMBE WALL
17.LIST OUT THE WAYS OF ACHIEVING VENTILATION IN A BUILDING
18.WHAT ARE DEHUMIDIFIERS? GIVE AN EXAMPLE
19.WHAT ARE THE CLIMATIC FACTORS THAT GET AFFECTED IN THE PRESENCE OF
WATERBODIES IN A SITE?
20.DEFINE URBAN HEAT ISLAND
21.DEFINE DAYLIGHT FACTOR
22.MENTION THE TYPES OF SHADING DEVICES
23.DEFINE EVAPORATIVE COOLING
24.WHAT IS AN EARTH SHELTER?
25.WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY A WIND SCOOP?
26.WHAT IS SOLARIUM?
27.WRITE THE THERMAL BALANCE EQUATION IN PERIODIC HEAT FLOW CALCULATION
28.WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF BATTLE WALL IN THE CONTEXT OF AIR MOVEMENT
29.WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THERMAL STORAGE IN WALLS
30.BRIEFLY EXPLAIN ABOUT RENEWABLE ENERGY
31.DESCRIBE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SOLAR SYSTEM AND EARTH IN GENERATING SOURCES OF
ENERGY
32.EXPLAIN ABOUT GLOBAL CLIMATES AND ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT
33.WRITE SHORT NOTES ON SOLAR PASSIVE ARCHITECTURE.
34.STATE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PLAN FORM IN THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS
35.DESCRIBE THE PRINCIPLE OF DIRECT GAIN IN PASSIVE HEATING
36.STATE THE PRINCIPLE OF ISOLATED GAIN IN PASSIVE HEATING
37.DESCRIBE THE SIGNIFICANT PRINCIPLES IN PASSIVE COOLING
38.GIVE AN ACCOUNT ON PASSIVE DESSICANT COOLING
39.WRITE SHORT NOTES ON DAYLIGHT FACTOR
40.GIVE AN ACOUNT ON SHADING DEVICES
41.WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY SUSTAINABILITY IN TODAYS CONTEXT?
42.WHAT ARE RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY?
43.DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE OF USING SIMPLE PASSIVE ARCHITECTURE FOR DESIGNING

44.OUTLINE ANY TWO ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF ADVANCED PASSIVE SYSTEMS IN

ARCHITECTURE
45.DISCUSS THE PRINCIPLE OF DIRECT HEAT TRANSFER IN BUILDINGS
46.SKETCH THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A WATER WALL
47.WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING PASSIVE DESSICANT COOLING SYSTEMS?
48.OUTLINE ANY FOUR ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL VENTILATION
49.WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY DAYLIGHT FACTOR?
50.OUTLINE ANY FOUR ADVANTAGES OF USING NATURAL DAYLIGHT IN ARCHITECTURE
16 MARKS
UNIT 1
1. DISCUSS IN DETAIL ABOUT RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN
ARCHITECTURE
2. ELABORATE IN DETAIL THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SUSTAINABILITY IN ARCHITECTURE
3. DISCUSS HOW ROOF FORMS HAVE RESPONDED TO VARIOUS CLIMATE TYPES IN
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
4. WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS? HOW CAN THESE BE
USED FOR AN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILT ENVIRONMENT?
5. VERNACULAR SOLUTIONS TO ARCHITECTURE WERE THE MOST APPROPRIATE ENERGY
EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS DISCUSS AND JUSTIFY THIS STATEMENT WITH REFERENCE TO ANY
CLIMATE TYPE IN INDIA
6. ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE IS A DEFINITE METHOD TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT- JUSTIFY THIS STATEMENT WITH APPROPRIATE EXAMPLES
7. EXPLAIN WITH AN EXAMPLE HOW ENERGY EFFICIENCY WAS ACHIEVED IN HISTORIC
BUILDINGS
8. LIST OUT THE CLIMATIC FEATURES OF WARM HUMID CLIMATE. EXPLAIN THE DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS OF A TRADITIONAL SHELTER DESIGN FOR THE SAME
9. DISCUSS THE NEED TO USE RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY IN VIEW OF CLIMATE
CHANGE
10.DISCUSS THE CONCEPT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS WITH EXAMPLES AND CASE
STUDIES
UNIT 2
1. EXPLAIN THE DESIGN CONSIDERATION FOR SOLAR PASSIVE ARCHITECTURE
2. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ABOUT HEAT TRANSFER AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE WALLS
AND ROOFS
3. DISCUSS IN DETAIL HOW VEGETATION CAN BE USED TO ENHANCE THE MICROCLIMATE OF A
PLACE
4. DISCUSS THE SIMPLE PASSIVE TECHNIQUES SUCH AS BUILDING ORIENTATION,
TOPOGRAPHY AND WATER BODIES IN ACHIEVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
5. DISCUSS THE IMPORTANT DESIGN AND PLANNING CONSIDERATION WHILE DESIGNING A
BUILDING FOR ITS CLIMATE RESPONSIVENESS AND HENCE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
6. WHAT IS TIME LAG AND DECREMENT FACTOR? DISCUSS HOW ONE CAN ACHIEVE A GOOD
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING ENVELOPE OF ANY TWO CLIMATES CONSIDERING
THOSE TWO CONCEPTS
7. EXPLAIN THE METHOD OF CALCULATION OF COOLING LOADS FOR A BUILDING
8. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL THE COMPONENTS WORKING PRINCIPLE, ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM WITH SKETCHES
9. DISCUSS THE PASSIVE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF BUILDINGS IN WARM HUMID CLIMATES
WITH A CASE STUDY
10.DISCUSS THE PASSIVE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF BUILDINGS IN COLD AND CLOUDY
CLIMATES WITH A CASE STUDY
UNIT 3
1. ELABORATE IN DETAIL THE PROCESS OF PASSIVE HEATING TECHNIQUES WITH EXAMPLES

2. DESCRIBE THE PROCESS OF PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEM WITH EXAMPLE

3. WRITE BRIEF NOTES ON (i)TROMBE WALL (ii)ROOF RADIATION TRAP
4. WRITE BRIEF NOTES ON (i)ISOLATED HEAT GAIN (ii)CONCEPT OF TIMELAG AND DECREMENT
FACTOR
5. WITH THE HELP OF SKETCHES, EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING: (i)THERMAL MASS (ii)ROOF POND
6. SKETCH AND EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING (i)SOLARIUM (ii)ISOLATED GAIN
7. WHAT IS PASSIVE HEATING? EXPLAIN THE GENERAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF ACHIEVING
PASSIVE HEATING IN BUILDINGS
8. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL THE COMPONENTS WORKING PRINCIPLE, ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF ISOLATED HEAT GAIN WITH SKETCHES
9. DISCUSS THE PASSIVE HEATING TECHNIQUES ADOPTED IN ANY TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS OF
TROPICAL CLIMATES
10.EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING: (i)INDUCED VENTILATION (ii)TROMBE WALL
UNIT 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

EXPLAIN IN DETAIL THE TECHNIQUE OF EARTH SHELTERING AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF EARTH AIR TUNNELS AND WIND TOWERS
WRITE BRIEF NOTES ON (i)INDUCED VENTILATION (ii)WIND TOWERS
WRITE BRIEF NOTES ON (i)COOL TOWERS/HUMID WIND TOWERS (ii)EARTH SHELTERING
SKETCH AND EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING (i)WIND TOWER (ii)EARTH AIR TUNNELS
WRITE SHORT NOTES ON (i)PASSIVE DESSICANT COOLING (ii)EVAPORATIVE COOLING
(iii)EARTH SHELTERING (iv)INDUCED VENTILATION
7. EXPLAIN THE CLASSIFICATION OF PASSIVE COOLING CONCEPTS IN DETAIL
8. EXPLAIN HOW EARTH IS USED A S A TECHNIQUE OF PASSIVE COOLING AND EXPLAIN THE
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IT
9. DISCUSS THE PASSIVE COOLING TECHNIQUES ADOPTED IN ANY TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS OF
TROPICAL CLIMATES
10.EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING: (i)NOCTURNAL RADIATION COOLING (ii)PASSIVE DESSICANT
COOLING (iii)EARTH AIR TUNNELS
UNIT 5
1. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING NATURAL VENTILATION IN BUILDINGS? DISCUSS
THE METHOD OF INDUCING NATURAL VENTILATION IN BUILDINGS
2. HOW WILL YOU ARRIVE AT THE WINDOW SIZE WHILE DESIGNING FOR DAYLIGHT
REQUIREMENT IN A ROOM?
3. EXPLAIN THE FUNCTIONAL USE OF VARIOUS TYPES OF VEGETATION AND ITS PLANTING
PATTERN
4. EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF URBAN LANDSCAPE IN DETAIL
5. ELABORATE ABOUT DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
6. DISCUSS ABOUT TYPES OF NATURAL VENTILATION AND BUILDING DESIGN
7. EXPLAIN WITH SKETCHES THE VARIOUS WAYS OF ACHIEVING VENTILATION IN BUILDINGS
8. DEFINE DAYLIGHT FACTOR AND DISCUSS THE VARIOUS WAYS OF ACHIEVING DAYLIGHTING
IN BUILDINGS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATES
9. DISCUSS IN DETAIL HOW YOU WILL ENHANCE NATURAL VENTILATION BY ADOPTING
APPROPRIATE ARCHITECTURAL STRATERGIES IN ARCHITECTURE
10.HOW WILL YOU ARRIVE AT THE WINDOW SIZE WHILE DESIGNING FOR DAYLIGHT
REQUIREMENT IN A ROOM?

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURE

2 MARKS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON BRUTALISM

LIST THE REASONS FOR THE FALL OF MODERNISM AND THE RISE OF POST MODERNISM
WHAT WERE THE ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POST MODERNISM?
WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NEO RATIONALISM
WHAT WERE THE IMPORTANT DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURE?
DISCUSS BRIEFLY ABOUT THE PHILOSOPHY OF DECONSTRUCTIVISM AND THE STYLES THAT
INFLUENCED DECONSTRUCTIVIST ARCHITECTURE
7. GIVE THE REASONS FOR THE EMERGENCE OF CRITICAL REGIONALISM AND LIST THE GOALS
OF THE STYLE
8. NAME ANY TWO BUILDINGS DESIGNED BY HASSAN FATHY
9. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON THE POST INDEPENDENCE ARCHITECTURE OF CHENNAI
10.NAME ANY FOUR IMPORTANT WORKS OF CHARLES CORREA
11.WHAT WERE JANE JACOBS SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO URBAN PLANNING?
12.LIST THE REASONS FOR THE ORIGIN OF POST MODERNISM
13.WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NEO RATIONALISM
14.WRITE THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF POSTMODERN CLASSICISM
15.WHAT IS CRITICAL REGIONALISM IN ARCHITECTURE?
16.NAME FOUR IMPORTANT WORKS OF FRANK GEHRY
17.WHAT WERE THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THE DESIGNS OF RALPH ERSKINE
18.LIST THE ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPTS SEEN IN TADAO ANDOS BUILDINGS
19.WHAT WERE THE PREDOMINANT FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED DOSHIS DESIGN CONCEPTS?
20.LIST ANY TWO BUILDINGS DESIGNED BY KANVINDE
21.EXPLAIN THE TERM BRUTALISM
22.DEFINE ARCHITECTURE TYPOLOGY OF ALDO ROSS
23.DESCRIBE THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH POST MODERNITY DEFINED
24.EXPLAIN THE TERM ACRO SANTI
25.WRITE SHORT NOTES ON NEO RATIONALISM
26.NAME FOUR ARCHITECTS ASSOCIATED WITH DECONSTRUCTIVISM
27.NAME TWO WORKS OF RICHARD ROGERS AND JAMES STERLING
28.DISCUSS THE INFLUENCE OF HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURE
29.EXPLAIN CRITICAL REGIONALISM
30.DESCRIBE ANY ONE COST EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY OF LAURIE BAKER
31.WHAT WERE CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDERS IMPORTANT THEORIES IN DESIGN
32.WHAT IS THE CONCEPT OF AESTHETICS OF NUMBERS FORMULATED BY ALDO VAN EYCK
33.LIST THE IMPORTANT OBJECTIVES OF ARCHIGRAM MOVEMENT
34.WHAT IS NEO RATIONALISM?
35.HOW IS PARC DE LA VILLETE SIGNIFICANT IN THE DECONSTRUCTIVIST MOVEMENT?
36.WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON JAMES STERLINGS ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
37.HOW DOES KENNETH FRAMPTON DESCRIBE CRITICAL REGIONALISM?
38.WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON ALVARO SIZAS IDEAS AND WORKS
39.GIVE THE IMPORTANT LANDMARKS IN THE POST INDEPENDENCE CITY PLANNING IN INDIA
40.WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON THE POST INDEPENDENCE ARCHITECTURE IN CHENNAI
41.BRIEF THE ARCHITECTURAL STYLE BRUTALISM
42.BRIEF THE WRITINGS OF JANE JACOBS
43.BRIEF CANONIZATION OF POST MODERNISM
44.WHAT IS NEO RATIONALISM?
45.BRIEF DECONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY
46.WRITE ANY ONE ALTERNATIVE PRACTICES PRACTICED BY BAKER
47.WRITE THE NAMES OF ANY FOUR POST INDEPENDENT ARCHITECTS IN INDIA
48.WRITE ANY TWO ARCHITECTURAL DEBATES ASSOCIATED WITH NATION FORMATION
49.WRITE THE NAME OF ANY TWO BUILDINGS DESIGNED BY RAJ REWAL
50.WRITE THE NAME OF THE BOOKS WRITTEN BY ROBERT VENTURI

16 MARKS
UNIT 1
1. DESCRIBE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WRITINGS OF ROBERT VENTURI AND ITS INFLUENCE
ON ARCHITECTURE OF THE 20TH CENTURY. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL THE ARCHITECTURE OF ANY
ONE BUILDING DESIGNED BY HIM
2. EXPLAIN ALDO ROSSIS CONTRIBUTION TO ARCHITECTURAL THEORY AND URBAN DESIGN.
EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ANY ONE ARCHITECTURAL WORK OF ALDO ROSSI
3. EXPLAIN THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER AND ROBERT VENTURI TO
ARCHITECTURE
4. DESCRIBE WITH EXAMPLES THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BRUTALISM
5. DISCUSS THE CONTRIBUTION OF TEAM X
6. EXPLAIN THE SHORTCOMINGS OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING ACCORDING TO
JANE JACOBS
7. DESCRIBE PETER SMITHSONS NEW BRUTALISM STYLE WITH EXAMPLES
8. EXPLAIN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE FOLLOWING ARCHITECTS THROUGHT THEIR
WRITINGS (i)JANE JACOBS (ii)ROBERT VENTURI (iii)ALDO ROSSI
9. DESCRIBE THE CRITIQUES OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE AND THE EVOLUTION OF NEW
APPROACHES
10.DISCUSS THE VARIOUS POST MODERN DIRECTIONS IN ARCHITECTURE
UNIT 2
1. DISCUSS IN DETAIL ANY TWO CONCEPTS OF URBANISM IN THE 20 TH CENTURY WITH AN
EXAMPLE EACH
2. ILLUSTRATE THE DESIGN CONCEPTS OF MICHAEL GRAVES WITH ANY TWO EXAMPLES OF HIS
WORKS
3. EXPLAIN THE IDEAS OF METABOLISM AND ARCHIGRAM WITH EXAMPLES
4. EXPLAIN THE ARCHITECTURE OF LANDMARK BUILDINGS OF POST MODERNIST
ARCHITECTURE
5. HIGHLIGHT THE CONCEPTS OF ARCHIGRAM TOWARDS MODERNISM
6. EXPLAIN THE SALIENT FEATURES OF ARCHITECTURAL STYLE DURING POST MODERNISM
THROUGH THE WORK OF TWO ARCHITECTURES
7. DESCRIBE THE OBJECTIVES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF POST MODERN ARCHITECTURE
QUOTING THE WORKS OF VARIOUS POST MODERNISTS
8. DESCRIBE THE CONCEPTS OF URBANISM WITH AN EXAMPLE OF THE FOLLOWING
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES (i)PAOLO SOLERI (ii)METABOLISM
9. DISCUSS ANY ONE PROJECT OF SMITHSONS AND ALDO VAN EYCK ON BRUTALISM
10.DISCUSS THE IDEAS AND WORKS OF ARCHIGRAM AND METABOLISM
UNIT 3
1. DESCRIBE ANY TWO IMPORTANT EXAMPLES OF HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURE
2. ILLUSTRATE THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF DECONSTRUCTIVIST ARCHITECTURE WITH
ANY TWO ARCHITECTURAL EXAMPLES OF THIS STYLE
3. DESCRIBE ANY TWO BUILDING DESIGNS OF HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
4. EXPLAIN DECONSTRUCTIVIST ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE WORKS OF BERNARD TSCHUMI
5. DECRIBE DECONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY WITH REFERENCE TO THE WORK OF TWO
ARCHITECTS
6. DISCUSS THE IDEAS AND WORKS OF FRANK O GEHRY
7. EXPLAIN HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE WORKS OF RICHARD ROGERS
8. EXPLAIN THE CONCEPTS AND IDEAS OF DECONSTRUCTIVIST ARCHITECTURE THROUGH ANY
1 BUILDING DESIGNED BY (i)DANIEL LIBESKIND (ii)FRANK GEHRY
9. DISCUSS THE DECONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY AND PRACTICE BY GEHRY
10.DISCUSS THE CONCEPT OF HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURE WITH WORKS OF ROGERS AND
PIANO
UNIT 4

1. DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE DESIGN CONCEPTS OF TADAO ANDO THROUGH ANY TWO
EXAMPLES OF HIS WORKS
2. DISCUSS IN DETAIL THE DESIGN CONCEPTS OF LUIS BARRAGAN THROUGH ANY TWO
EXAMPLES OF HIS WORKS
3. EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANT CONCEPTS IN THE WORKS OF LAURIE BAKER
4. EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLES OF CRITICAL REGIONALISM IN THE WORKS OF GEOFFREY BAWA
5. EXPLAIN WITH SUITABLE EXAMPLES THE PHILOSOPHIES OF HASAN FATHY
6. HIGHLIGHT THE CONCEPT OF SYNTHESIS OF THE TRADITIONAL AND THE MODERN OF
GEOFFREY BAWA THROUGH SKETCHES OF AN APPROPRIATE EXAMPLE
7. EXPLAIN WITH EXAMPLES THE IDEAS AND WORKS OF HASSAN FATHY
8. DESCRIBE WITH EXAMPLES THE IDEAS AND WORKS OF TADAO ANDO
9. DISCUSS THE ALTERNATIVE IDEAS AND PRACTICES OF HASSAN FATHY
10.DISCUSS THE TRAJECTORY OF ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA FROM THE END OF COLONIAL RULE
TO CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
UNIT 5
1. DESCIBE RAJ REWALS DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES AND EXPLAIN ANY ONE OF HIS MASS
HOUSING PROJECT
2. ILLUSTRATE THE DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES OF NARI GANDHI THROUGH ANY TWO OF HIS
IMPORTANT WORKS
3. DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE IMPORTANT DESIGN CONCEPTS OF CHARLES CORREA QUOTING
EXAMPLES
4. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL A CASE EXAMPLE OF POST INDEPENDENCE CITY PLANNING IN INDIA
5. OUTLINE THE ARCHITECTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF BV DOSHI TO POST INDEPENDENCE ERA
OF INDIA
6. HIGHLIGHT THE CONTRIBUTION OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT
OF ARCHITECTURE IN THE POST INDEPENDENT INDIA
7. EXPLAIN RAJ REWALS ARCHITECTURE THROUGH AN EXAMPLE OF A HOUSING PROJECT AND
A PUBLIC BUILDING DESIGNED BY HIM
8. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ANY TWO IMPORTANT WORKS OF CHARLES CORREA IN INDIA
9. DISCUSS POST INDEPENDENCE CITY PLANNING OF CHANDIGARH
10.DISCUSS THE NEW DIRECTIONS OF POST INDEPENDENCE ARCHITECTURE AFTER 1960S

AD
UNIT I
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

EARTH AS BUILDING MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND ENERGY BEHAVIOR IN BUILDINGS

SOLAR COLLECTORS? TYPES PROPERTIES AND USES IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
INTELLIGENT ENVIRONMENT? GIVE EXAMPLES AND EXPLAIN IN DETAIL
WIND CATCHERS? ADVANTAGES OF USING THEM
STRAW BALE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES PROPERTIES AND ENERGY BEHAVIOR IN
BUILDINGS
6. PHOTOVOLTAIC? ITS COMPONENTS? DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PV AND OTHER SOLAR ENERGY
SYSTEMS?
7. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF RECYCLED BUILDING MATERIAL AND EFFICIENCY AS
BUILDING MATERIAL
8. LIGHT PIPE? TYPES? PROPERTIES AND USES IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
9. INTERIOR LAYOUT OF ARCHITECTURE STUDIO (200 SQ M) FOR 40 STUDENTS. DRAFTING
SPACE STORAGE SPACE AND CIRCULATION SPACE TO SUITABKE SCALE
10.CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF SWIMMING POOL DESIGNED IN 5 STAR HOTEL TO SUITABLE
SCALE
UNIT II
1. DETAILING FOR SCHOOL IN RURAL AREA? ADVANTAGES OF SUCH DETAILING AND DETAIL
OUT POSSIBLE FINISHING MATERIALS IN THE SCHOOL FACADE AND MENTION VARIOUS
OMPONENTS INVOLVED FOR THE SAME WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
2. JUSTIFY USE OF CANTILEVER FINS FOR EXHIBITION SPACE. SKETCH APPROPRIATE DETAILS
WITH EXAMPLES
3. WHAT KIND OF SPECIAL ROOF DETAILING CAN BE DONE FOR EXHIBITION SPACE?
ADVANTAGES OF DETAILING AND ALSO DETAIL OUT POSSIBLE WAYS TO TREAT THE WALLS
AND VARIOUS COMPONENTS INVOLVED FOR THE SAME
4. WHAT ARE THE WAYS IN WHICH A MICROCLIMATE COULD BE CREATED BY TREATING THE
WALLS AND ROOF SURFACES OF EDUCATION INSTITUTION TO INCREASE CREATIVE ABILITIES
OF STUDENTS? EXPLAIN
5. SPECIAL DETAILING FOR LECTURE HALL? ADVANTAGES OF IT AND POSSIBLE WALL
PANELLING AND MENTION COMPONENTS INVOLVED
6. WHAT IS GREEN ROOF? HOW WELL CAN A GREEN ROOF BE USED IN A EXHIBITION HALL.
MENTION ADVANTAGES
7. FEW DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR NET ZERO CONSUMPTION LIBRARY FOR EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION WHICH IS CONSIDERED GREEN CAMPUS. SKETCH
8. ROOFING SYSTEM FOR TRADITIONAL KITCHEN. WHY?
9. DETAILS OF PLAN AND CROSS SECTION WIDTH OF DOGLEGGED STAIRS WIDTH OF STIR -2M,
HEIGHT OF ONE FLOOR-4M OF INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING TO SCALE
10.DETAIL OF KITCHEN COUNTERTOP,HT OF COUNTER IS 80CM WIDTH 60CM.SHOW ALL
DETAILS TO SCALE
UNIT III
1. DESIGN ELEMENTS OF A SHOP FRONT? DETAILED SKETCHES OF STALL RISER AND DOOR
DESIGN
2. THERMOPLASTIC ROOF? CHARACTERISTICS, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND PLACES OF ITS USE
EFFICIENTLY
3. NUMBER OF WAYS IN WHICH AN ATRIUM CAN BE CONFIGURED?EXPLAIN IN DETAIL WITH
APPLICATIONS
4. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES OF ENTRANCE PORCH OF HUGE COMMERCIAL OFFICE SPACE

5. FASCIA? HOW CAN IT BE INSTALLED? CAN MODERN MATERIALS BE USED FOR OLD SHOP
FRONT WHILE DESIGNING FASCIA?EXPLAIN
6. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR BUTT JOINTS IN ROOFS AND ALSO SEALING BUTT JOINTS?
7. SHOW WINDOW? WHERE IS IT USED? ITS TYPES. SKETCH
8. DETAIL DRAWING OF MAIN DOOR FOR 5 STAR HOTEL WHICH IS GREEN BUILDING. EXPLAIN
ABOUT MATERIALS USED AND JUSTIFY THEIR USE WITH SKETCHES
9. DETAIL OF TOILET FITTING IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING. PLAN AND SECTION
10.ELECTRICAL LAYOUT FOR A GIRLS HOSTEL ROOM 5M X 4M
UNIT IV
1. DETAIL DRAWING OF VANITY COUNTER IN 5 STAR HOTEL?0.6M X 1.7M. SHOW MATERIALS
USED. FIXTURES AND FITTING DETAILS THROUGH SECTIONAL ELEVATION
2. WOODEN WARDROBE OF SIZE 3M X 2.1M. DETAIL CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS. MATERIAL
LIST. PLAN SECTIONAL ELEVATION ISOMETRIC VIEW.
3. COMPONENTS IN A MODULAR KITCHEN?HOW IS IT DIFFERENT FROM A BUILT IN KITCHEN?
EXPLAIN
4. TOILET FOR 5 STAR SUITE. DETAIL CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS AND MATERIAL LIST.PLAN
SECTIONAL ELEVATION
5. DETAIL DRAWING OF ISLAND KITCHEN COUNTER.2 X 109. DETAIL MATERIALS USED AND
FIXTURES AND THEIR FITTINGS DETAILS WITH SECTIONAL ELEVATION
6. WOODEN FILE CABINET AND DETAILED CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS. MATERIAL LIST.PLAN
SECTIONAL ELVATION ISOMETRIC VIEW
7. BUILT IN FURNITURE? ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES IN REGARD TO KITCHENS?
8. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL DIFFERENT TYPES OF TAPS AND FITTING DETAILS. EXAMPLES OF WHERE
THEY CAN BE USED AND WHY?
9. DETAIL OF STRUCTURAL GLAZING OF FACADE 10M X 8M OF A SHOPPING MALL. SHOW
FIXING DETAILS OF STRUCTURAL GLAZING
10.INTERIOR LAYOUT OF LIBRARY 10M X 15M FOR INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING WHICH CONSISTS
OF READING AREA STACKING AREA REFERENCE SECTION ETC
UNIT V
1. POSSIBLE WAYS IN WHICH MAXIMUM LANDSCAPE DETAILING CAN BE PRODUCED IN A
PENTHOUSE? SKETCH DETAILING WITH EXAMPLES AT DIFFERENT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
2. WHAT TYPE OF STAIRCASE WOULD YOU SUGGEST FOR A MEZZANINE LEVEL IN A
BOOKSHOP? WHY? SKETCH CONSTRUCTION DETAIL SHOWING TYPE OF MATERIAL
3. HARD AND SOFT LANDSCAPE? EXPLAIN IN DETAIL THE ELEMENTS OF THE SAME WITH
EXAMPLES SHOWING ILLUSTRATIONS
4. TYPE OF WATER BODIES SUGGEST FOR A FARM HOUSE IN RISHIKESH?WHY?SKETCH
CONSTRUCTION DETAIL SHOWING MATERIAL USED
5. POSSIBLE WAYS IN WHICH MAXIMUM ARCHITECTURAL DETAILING CAN BE PROVIDED IN A
HOTEL LOBBY? SKETCH DETAILING WITH EXAMPLES AT DIFFERENT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
6. WHAT TYPE OF STAIRCASE WOULD YOU SUGGEST FOR A MEZZANINE LEVEL IN A
RESTAURANT? WHY? SKETCH CONSTRUCTION DETAIL SHOWING TYPE OF MATERIAL
7. WHAT IS A WATER WALL? WHY IS IT USED? EXPLAIN ITS AESTHETIC QUALITIES COMPARED
WITH FOUNTAINS
8. MATERIALS USED FOR FINISHING VARIOUS SURFACES IN A HOTEL LOBBY? EXPLAIN IN
DETAIL

Anything buried below this frost level won't freeze. Equally in the summer it won't heat up very much for the
same reason. The temperature variation in the south of England is between 6 and 11 C between 1m and
3m below ground.
Earth sheltered homes just use this principle to avoid over heating in the summer and to retain heat in the
winter. There are three main types of earth sheltered home designs which are detailed below.

Earth Berms - where piles of earth are simply piled up against the walls of the house and even the
roof if required.

Build a house into the side of a hill - (in the UK the exposed side should be south facing to take
advantage of the suns heat).

Dig a hole - build your house underground and then fill in the gaps with soil.

As with all the various eco house types, earth sheltered home designs do have advantages and
disadvantages and these are:

ADVANTAGES OF EARTH SHELTERED HOME DESIGNS:

1.

Sound proofing - they are very well sound proofed due to the huge mass of soil against the walls.

2.

Draught proofing - they are easy to draught proof for the same reason as above.

3.

Good Energy Savings - due to the fact that they stay warm in the winter you will need less heating
and therefore reduce you energy bills. They can even keep your home cool in the summer.

4.

They are ideal for use as passive homes - you can have all your glazing to the south elevation
and no glazing to the north (it can be covered with soil).
The soil helps draught proof the house and the thermal mass helps maintain a base temperature which
is then easy to boost with sustainable sources such as heat pumps or solar thermal panels.

DISADVANTAGES OF EARTH SHELTERED HOME DESIGNS:

1.

Water penetration - the walls (and roof) that are covered with soil need to be very well sealed to
avoid leaks.

2.

Lack of natural light - this should only be a problem if the house is poorly designed. Use an
architect who has experience in preparing earth sheltered home plans and use LED lights where
possible to keep running costs low.

3.

Condensation - just like a passive house, an earth sheltered home can suffer
from condensation and stale air due to the fact it is so well draught proofed.
The solution is to install a good air handling/heat exchange system to replace the warm stale air with
fresh air from outside and heat it in the process.

4.

Difficult to find experienced builders - as this is not a widely used form of construction in the UK
it can be difficult to find an experienced builder. When you do it can be expensive, so do all your sums
before you commit yourself.

5.

Non environmentally friendly materials - they tend to be made from reinforced concrete which
isn't particularly environmentally friendly. It is however the best product to stand up to the lateral forces
from the weight of soil and is easier to waterproof. Timber would simply rot away in a few years.

6.

Plant Roots - you need to consider what trees etc. are in the immediate vicinity of the house as
trees take up moisture from the ground and their roots can cause damage to foundations etc. If you
remove the trees there is nothing to take up the water and you can end up with soil heave where the
soil swells up and lifts the house.

7.

Soil Tests - as you have probably figured out it is very important to get a soil analysis carried out to
make sure the soil conditions are suitable. It needs to have good load bearing capabilities, drain well
and resist erosion. It also needs to be stable during frost and not subject to dramatic thermal
expansion or contraction.

Unlike traditional houses where the insulation is placed in the cavity of the house, with earth sheltered
home designs the insulation is placed on the outside of the exterior walls after the waterproofing layers
have been installed.
So once the concrete walls are up, a layer of waterproof adhesive is applied before a heavy polyethene
sheet (EPDM) is stuck to the outside face of the wall to prevent moisture ingress and act as a vapour
barrier.
Then insulation (normally sheets of close cell rigid foam) is stuck to the outside of the water barrier which
has the added benefit of protecting the water proofing layer from tree roots and frost etc.

DO YOU HAVE AN EARTH SHELTER