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SinglecarrierFDMAWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

SinglecarrierFDMA
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Singlecarrier FDMA (SCFDMA) is a frequencydivision multiple access scheme. It is also called Linearly
precoded OFDMA (LPOFDMA). Like other multiple access schemes (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, OFDMA), it
dealswiththeassignmentofmultipleuserstoasharedcommunicationresource.SCFDMAcanbeinterpretedasa
linearly precoded OFDMA scheme, in the sense that it has an additional DFT processing step preceding the
conventionalOFDMAprocessing.
SCFDMA has drawn great attention as an attractive alternative to OFDMA, especially in the uplink
communicationswherelowerpeaktoaveragepowerratio(PAPR)greatlybenefitsthemobileterminalintermsof
transmitpowerefficiencyandreducedcostofthepoweramplifier.Ithasbeenadoptedastheuplinkmultipleaccess
schemein3GPPLongTermEvolution(LTE),orEvolvedUTRA(EUTRA).[1][2][3]
TheperformanceofSCFDMAinrelationtoOFDMAhasbeenthesubjectofvariousstudies.[4][5][6]Althoughthe
performancegapissmall,SCFDMA'sadvantageoflowPAPRmakesitdesirableforuplinkwirelesstransmission
inmobilecommunicationsystems,wheretransmitterpowerefficiencyisofparamountimportance.

Contents
1
2
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TransmitterandReceiverStructureofLPOFDMA/SCFDMA
Usefulproperties
Seealso
References

TransmitterandReceiverStructureofLPOFDMA/SCFDMA
ThetransmissionprocessingofSCFDMAisverysimilartothatofOFDMA.Foreachuser,thesequenceofbits
transmitted is mapped to a complex constellation of symbols (BPSK, QPSK or MQuadrature amplitude
modulation). Then different transmitters (users) are assigned different Fourier coefficients. This assignment is
carriedoutinthemappinganddemappingblocks.Thereceiversideincludesonedemappingblock,oneIDFTblock,
and one detection block for each user signal to be received. Just like in OFDM, guard intervals (called cyclic
prefixes) with cyclic repetition are introduced between blocks of symbols in view to efficiently eliminate inter
symbolinterferencefromtimespreading(causedbymultipathpropagation)amongtheblocks.
In SCFDMA, multiple access among users is made possible by assigning different users different sets of non
overlappingFouriercoefficients(subcarriers).Thisisachievedatthetransmitterbyinserting(priortoIDFT)silent
Fouriercoefficients(atpositionsassignedtootherusers),andremovingthemonthereceiversideaftertheDFT.
The distinguishing feature of SCFDMA is that it leads to a singlecarrier transmit signal, in contrast to OFDMA
which is a multicarrier transmission scheme. Subcarrier mapping can be classified into two types: localized
mapping and distributed mapping. In localized mapping, the DFT outputs are mapped to a subset of consecutive
subcarriers, thereby confining them to only a fraction of the system bandwidth. In distributed mapping, the DFT
outputs of the input data are assigned to subcarriers over the entire bandwidth noncontinuously, resulting in zero
amplitude for the remaining subcarriers. A special case of distributed SCFDMA is called interleaved SCFDMA
(IFDMA),wheretheoccupiedsubcarriersareequallyspacedovertheentirebandwidth.[7]

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Owing to its inherent single carrier structure, a prominent

advantageofSCFDMAoverOFDMandOFDMAisthatits
transmit signal has a lower peaktoaverage power ratio
(PAPR),resultinginrelaxeddesignparametersinthetransmit
pathofasubscriberunit.Intuitively,thereasonliesinthefact
that where OFDM transmit symbols directly modulate
multiple subcarriers, SCFDMA transmit symbols are first
processedbyanNpointDFTblock.[8]
InOFDM,aswellasSCFDMA,equalizationisachievedon
LocalizedMappingandDistributedMapping
the receiver side, after the DFT calculation, by multiplying
each Fourier coefficient by a complex number. Thus,
frequencyselectivefadingandphasedistortioncanbeeasily
counteracted. The advantage is that frequency domain equalization using FFTs requires less computation than
conventionaltimedomainequalization.
A related concept is the combination of a single carrier transmission with the singlecarrier frequencydomain
equalization(SCFDE)scheme.[9]Thesinglecarriertransmission,unlikeSCFDMAandOFDM,employsnoIDFT
orDFTatthetransmitter,butintroducesthecyclicprefixtotransformthelinearchannelconvolutionintoacircular
one.Afterremovingthecyclicprefixatthereceiver,aDFTisappliedtoarriveinthefrequencydomain,wherea
simple singlecarrier frequencydomainequalization (SCFDE) scheme can be employed, followed by the IDFT
operation.

DFT:DiscreteFourierTransform
IDFT:InverseDiscreteFourierTransform
CP:CyclicPrefix
PS:PulseShaping
DAC:DigitaltoanalogConversion
RF:RadioFrequencysignal
ADC:AnalogtoDigitalConversion
LPOFDMA:LinearlyprecodedOFDMA
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Usefulproperties
1.LowPAPR(CrestFactor)
2.Lowsensitivitytocarrierfrequencyoffset
3.Lesssensitivetononlineardistortionandhence,itallowstheuseoflowcostpoweramplifiers
4.Greaterrobustnessagainstspectralnulls

Seealso
CarrierInterferometry
3GPPLongTermEvolution
OFDMA

References
1.HyungG.Myung,JunsungLim,andDavidJ.Goodman,SingleCarrierFDMAforUplinkWirelessTransmission(http://
hgmyung.googlepages.com/SingleCarrierFDMA_VTmagSep06.pdf),IEEEVehicularTechnologyMagazine,vol.1,no.3,
Sep.2006,pp.3038
2.H.Ekstrm,A.Furuskr,J.Karlsson,M.Meyer,S.Parkvall,J.Torsner,andM.Wahlqvist,TechnicalSolutionsforthe
3GLongTermEvolution,IEEECommun.Mag.,vol.44,no.3,March2006,pp.3845
3.3rdGenerationPartnershipProject(3GPP)TechnicalSpecificationGroupRadioAccessNetworkPhysicalLayerAspects
forEvolvedUTRA,http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/htmlinfo/25814.htm
4.M.DanishNisar,HansNottensteiner,andThomasHindelang,OnPerformanceLimitsofDFTSpreadOFDMSystems(ht
tp://sites.google.com/site/mdanishnisar/pubs/16_DFT_Spread_OFDM_Nisar_IST_2007.pdf), in Sixteenth IST Mobile
Summit,July2007inBudapest,Hungary.
5.B.E. Priyanto, H. Codina, S. Rene, T.B. Sorensen, P. Mogensen, Initial Performance Evaluation of DFTSpread OFDM
BasedSCFDMAforUTRALTEUplink,IEEEVehicularTechnologyConference(VTC)2007Spring,Dublin,Ireland,
Apr.2007
6.N. Benvenuto and S. Tomasin, On the comparison between OFDM and single carrier modulation with a DFE using a
frequencydomainfeedforwardfilter,IEEETrans.onCommun.,vol.50,no.6,June2002pp.947955
7.XixiaLeaderinConvergedIPTesting,"SingleCarrierFDMAinLTE",915272501RevANovember2009.
8.H. G. Myung, J. Lim, and D. J. Goodman, "PeaktoAverage Power Ratio of Single Carrier FDMA Signals with Pulse
Shaping", The 17th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications
(PIMRC06),Helsinki,Finland,Sep.2006
9.D.Falconer,S.L.Ariyavisitakul,A.BenyaminSeeyar,andB.Eidson,FrequencyDomainEqualizationforSingleCarrier
BroadbandWirelessSystems,IEEECommun.Mag.,vol.40,no.4,April2002,pp.5866

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