oscilator

The oscillator is a device that combines the elements of active and passive to produce
a sinusoidal waveform or other periodic waveform. An oscillator providing output voltage of
a waveform known without the use of an input signal from the outside. An oscillator can
generate waveforms at a frequency in the range of several cycles per hour up to several
hundred million cycles per second. The oscillator can generate almost pure sinusoidal wave
with a fixed frequency, or just with harmonic wave. The oscillator is commonly used in the
transmitter and receiver radio and television, radar and in a variety of communication
systems.
Oscillators are widely applied in various electronic devices such as radio receivers,
radio transmitters, magnetic tape recorders, synthesizers musical instruments and others.

Function of Oscilator
Oscillator use to transformer the power direct current (DC) of the power supply power to
alternating current (AC) in the load. Thus the oscillator function opposite to the direction of
the power rectifier that converts the power to commute.

Parts of Oscilator circuit

An oscillator circuit has three parts that make it up, namely:
1. Amplifier
Amplifier (amplifier), dalah transistors or vacuum tubes are assembled as a signal
amplifier (signal amplifier).
2. Determinants of frequency
Determinants of frequency, are L (coil or coils) and C (capacitor) that are arranged in
rows (parallel) or row (series) in the oscillator that produces resonance at a particular
frequency. About the L and C circuit with a resonance frequency can be followed in:
Resonance frequency circuits L - C. There are times when deciding the frequency is
in the form of a series of RC (resistor) and C (condenser), as in the phase shift
oscillator.
3. The feedback circuit.

The feedback circuit, is the circuit that feeds the output signal turn (from the
collector) to the input (base or emitter). However, this is a requirement feeders turn
signal phase should be the same. Because the signal on the base or the emitter to the
collector signal appearing at 180 opposite phase, we conducted a phase reversal in
advance. In the LC oscillator circuit that implements the phase reversal signal carried
by the roll in different directions L made the roll between the primary winding of the
collector with the secondary winding for the feedback to the base or emitter.

Basic Principles of Oscilator

In an oscillator, a negative resistance is given to compensate losses (leakage) in the
series. In the oscillator feedback, positive feedback from the outside enough to make the
overall gain becomes infinite and provide negative resistance that diperlukanuntuk overcome
the natural damping of the oscillator. In the case of negative resistance oscillator feedback
contributes to a positive and negative resistance is required.
In an oscillator no signal is given from the outside. Initial signal to trigger (trigger)
oscillation is usually given by a noise voltage. Voltage noise appears when the power supply
is turned on. Because the noise frequency spectrum is very wide, the oscillator always have a
voltage component at the correct frequency for the operation of the oscillator.

Type type of Oscilator

The general principles of the oscillator circuit is divided into two, namely Harmonic
Oscillator and Relaxation Oscillator.
A. Harmonic Oscillator
Harmonic oscillator generates sinusoidal waveforms. Harmonic oscillator is also
called the Linear Oscillator. The basic form of harmonic oscillator consists of an
amplifier and a filter that forms the positive feedback that determines the output
frequency.
The principle of this oscillator starts with the noise / noise the first time power is
turned on. Noise / noise is then fed back into the input of the amplifier through a
certain filter. Because this happens repeatedly, then the noise signal will become
increasingly large and form a certain period in accordance with a network filter that is
installed. The period is then a value of the frequency of an oscillator.
Type of harmonic oscillator / sinus:

1. Oscillator Armstrong
Is an oscillator which feeds reverse the output signal (collector) with the induction
coupling to the input (base). Therefore, in the application of transistorized
oscillator circuit of this kind is also known as: oscillator with ternala basis (tuned
base oscillator).
2. Oscillator Hartley
Hartley oscillator includes LC oscillator type. Hartley oscillator is composed of
two inductor in series and a single capacitor. Excess hartley oscillator is easily set
the frequency value that is by placing a variable capacitor component capacitors.
In addition the oscillator output amplitude is also relatively fixed at the working
frequency range of the oscillator amplifier.
3. Oscillator Colpits
Colpits oscillator includes LC oscillator type. Colpits oscillator composed of two
capacitors in series and a single inductor. Excess colpits oscillator is simply set the
value of the frequency that is by placing a variable inductor in the inductor
components as well as the use of variable capacitors in hartley oscillator. The
amplitude of the oscillator output is also relatively fixed at the working frequency
range of the oscillator amplifier.
4. Clapp oscillator
Clapp oscillator includes LC oscillator type. Clapp oscillator is composed of three
capacitors and one inductor. Clapp oscillator configuration the same as the
oscillator colpits but no additional capacitor in series with the inductor (L). Clapp
oscillator was introduced by James K. Clapp in 1948.
5. Oscillator Phase shift
Phase shift oscillator including RC oscillator type. In the phase shift oscillator
contained a total of 180 degrees phase inverting. This phase inverting output
signals in phase shift of 180 degrees and put back into the input resulting in
positive feedback. Phase inverting circuit is usually formed by three RC circuit.
6. Crystal Oscillator
Oscillator crystal oscillator circuit is not resonant LC or RC menggunakanan but a
quartz crystal. The circuit in the crystal represent a series R, L and C in series.
Pierce oscillator invented by George W. Pierce. Pierce oscillator is widely used in
digital circuits because of its simple and stable frequency.
7. Oscillator Wien bridge
This oscillator including RC oscillator type. Oscillator Wien bridge oscillator also
called "Twin-T" because it uses two "T" RC circuits operating in parallel. One
circuit is an RCR "T" that acts as a low-pass filter. The second circuit is a CRC
"T" which operates as a high-pass filter. Together, these form a bridge circuit that

is tuned to the desired frequency of oscillation. CRC signal in the branch of filters
Twin-T advanced, in the RCR - pending, so that they can weaken each other at a
certain frequency.
B. Relaxation Oscilator
Relaxation Oscillator is an oscillator which utilizes the principle of the switch
continuously with given period that determines the output frequency. Relaxation
oscillator produces some non sine waveforms, namely: Wave square, triangle, pulse
and sawtooth. Simple relaxation oscillator is a multivibrator / flip-flop.

OSCILATOR
PARTS OF OSCILATOR

1.
2.
3.

Amplifier
Determinants of frequency
The feedback circuit

Function
Oscillator use to transformer the power direct
current (DC) of the power supply power to
alternating current (AC) in the load. Thus the
oscillator function opposite to the direction of the
power rectifier that converts the power to
commute.

Type of Oscilator
A. Harmonic Oscillator
1. Armstrong Oscillator
Is an oscillator which feeds reverse the output signal (collector) with the induction coupling to the input (base).

2. Oscillator Hartley
(LC Oscillator)
3. Oscillator Colpits
(LC Oscillator)
4. Oscillator Clapp
(LC Oscillator)

Clapp oscillator was introduced by James K. Clapp in 1948.

5. Oscillator Phase shift (RC Oscillator)

6. Oscillator Crystal (RC Oscillator)

7. Oscillator Wien bridge (RC Oscillator)

B. Relaxation Oscillator

Type of Relazation Oscillator

1. Multivibrator

2. Flip Flop