Menoufiya University

Faculty of Engineering
Shebin El-Kom

Year: First Year

Department: Mechanical Power
Course: Thermodynamics (1)
Time Allowed: 3 hours
Date: 2/1/2008

First Semester Examination

Academic Year: 2007-2008

Allowed Tables and Charts:

NON

Answer all the following Questions

Question (1)
(a) Two tanks, A and B, are connected by suitable pipes through a valve which initially is
closed. Tank A initially contains 0.3 m3 of nitrogen at 6 bars and 60 C, and tank B is
evacuated. The valve is then opened, and nitrogen flows into tank B until the pressure
in this tank reaches 1.5 bars and the temperature is 27 C. As a result, the pressure in
tank A drops to 4 bars, and the temperature changes to 50 C. Determine the volume of
tank B.
(b) An air compressor is designed to compress atmospheric air at 100 kPa and 20 C to a
pressure of 1 MPa. The heat transfer rate to the surroundings is equal to 10% of the
power input to the compressor. The air enters at 50 m/s where the inlet area is 910-3
m2 and leaves at 120 m/s through an area of 510-4 m2. Determine the exit air
temperature and the power input to the compressor.
Question (2)
(a) Choose the correct answer for each of the following statements. In your answer paper,
write the number of the sentence followed by number of your choice
1) The entropy change for any closed system that undergoes an irreversible adiabatic
process.
a) may be positive, negative or zero
b) may be positive or zero but not negative
c) is negative
d)is positive
e) is zero
2) A system with shaft work is reversible therefore, the change in its entropy
a) is zero
b) is greater than zero
c) may be positive, negative or zero
3) Heat is transferred directly from a hot reservoir to a colder reservoir. The process
a) is reversible b) is irreversible c) could be either d) can not be analyzed
4) A system undergoes a process between two fixed states first in a reversible manner
and then in an irreversible manner. The entropy change for the second case is
a) greater than
b) equal to
c) less than
that of the first case.
5) Air is contained in a rigid tank. Heat removed slowly. The entropy change of the air
is
a) positive
b) negative
c) zero
d) may be positive, negative or zero
(b) A rigid vessel of 4 m3 contains air at 101 kPa and 35 C. The vessel is connected to a
supply air pipe of 7 cm in diameter, and the velocity of air in the supply pipe remains
constant at 12 m/s. During filling process the pressure and temperature of air in the
supply pipe are constant at 600 kPa 35 C. A valve is used to close the supply air when

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the pressure in the vessel reaches 400 kPa. During the filling process 850 kJ of heat is
transferred from the vessel to the surrounding calculate
(I) The final temperature of the air in the vessel
(II) The time required for filling process
Question (3)
(a) Show that the efficiency of any heat engine is smaller than the efficiency of a
reversible engine operating between the same source and sink temperatures.
(b) An irreversible heat pump is designed to remove heat from the atmosphere at 7 C and
to supply 43.2 MJ/h of heat to a constant-temperature reservoir at 420 K. The COP of
the actual heat pump is 80 percent of that of a Carnot heat pump operating between the
same two temperatures. The heat pump is driven, through a transmission, by the output
of a heat engine which takes heat from a constant-temperature reservoir at 1050 K and
rejects waste heat to the same 420 K reservoir used by the heat pump. The thermal
efficiency of the actual heat engine is 75 percent of that of a Carnot heat engine
operating between the same two temperatures. In addition, the transmission which
delivers the actual work output of the heat engine to the heat pump is only 80 percent
efficient. Determine
(i) the power input required for the actual heat pump, in kilowatts,
(ii) the rate of heat input from the 1050 K reservoir to the actual engine, in kJ/h, and
(iii) the percentage of the total heat supplied to the 420 K reservoir which is delivered
by the heat pump.
Question (4)

Q
(a) Prove that (dS)I >
.
T I
(b) An ideal gas with molar mass of 50 kg/kmol is contained in a piston cylinder device at
20 C and 0.24 m3/kg. It undergoes an isothermal process to state 2 where the specific
volume is 0.12 m3/kg. It is then expanded at constant pressure to state 3 where the
specific volume is 0.36 m3/kg. Finally, it is returned to the initial state along a path
which is a straight line on P-v coordinates. Sketch the processes on a P-v diagram and
find the pressure at the end of the isothermal process, the net work of the cycle, and
the change in entropy during each process.
Question (5)
(a) Show that the mean effective pressure in the air standard Otto cycle could be
expressed as
( P3 P2 )(1 1 k 1 )
r
mep =
(k 1)(r 1)
Where k is the specific heat ratio and state 1 refers to the beginning of adiabatic
compression.
(b) A gas turbine power plant is to produce 10 MW. Air enters the compressor at 1 bar
and 20 C. The compressor pressure ratio is 5 and the maximum cycle temperature is
1000 C. The turbine outlet pressure is 1 bar. The isentropic efficiency of the
compressor and turbine are 95% and 93% respectively. Find the total turbine power
output, the power required to derive the compressor, the flow rate of air, and the cycle
efficiency
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