Agricultural Sci. J. 40 : 1 (Suppl.

) : 165-168 (2009)

. . . 40 : 1 (!"# ) : 165-168 (2552)

$%"&%'"()*(+,-$%../.0.123456%3718$9(:$%!%$1+;1+,-9<:=>?@"%5.3(%$(A$1B
Plant Growth and Flowering of Culantro under Different Shading and Urea Application Rates
8$R>S$# TUV41 +,- W8$!% 31"# 2
1
Rithichai, P. and Youngvises, N.2

Abstract
Plant growth and flowering of culantro grown under 0, 50, 60, 70 and 80% shading and 0, 7.5, 15 and 30
kg/rai of urea application rates were investigated. The results revealed that culantro cultivation for fresh market
should be shaded. Decreased shading percentage and increasing urea application rate enhanced plant growth.
The greatest plant growth was found under 50% shading and 30 kg/rai of urea application rate. Plant growth
declined under 80% shading regardless of urea application rate. Culantro flowered 4 weeks after planting. The
highest flowering percentage occurred under open field. Increased shading percentage resulted in lower
flowering percentage and the plants did not flower under 70 and 80% shading. Flowering tended to increase
when urea application rates increased.
Keywords : Eryngium foetidum L., light intensity, urea, flowering
)_3/A.
+,.//01203415367589:/0;;<;=;>?@ABC0@D> 1EFD;G0/>8H> 0 50 60 70 89: 80 1I;0J1KLM5J 89:NOPIQRSST10BS
;@50/ 0 7.5 15 89: 30 3790@E5U;V0U G6WU/ /0?935?@ABC0@D>1GFD;6037XYH<YW0EB/0G0/>8H> ?@ABC0@D>EB/0120341536751G3DE=,ZM
1EFD;9<0:<@6/0G0/>8H>9>89:NOPIQRSST10BSNM;@50/[BD1G3DE=,ZM 7<S/0G0/>8H> 50 1I;0J1KLM5J89:NOPIQRSST10BS 30 3790@E5U;V0U ?@AB
C0@D>12034153675<B[BDHQ< 85U/0120341536759<9>;SU/>1OLMV<PA<@ 1EFD;G0/>8H> 80 1I;0J1KLM5J89:NOPIQRSST10BS[@>Z 4 ;@50/ ?@ABC0@D>
;;<;1EFD;;/SQ 4 H@I</OJO9@>SP/SI9T 7<S1I;0J1KLM5J/0;;<;HT>HQ<1EFD;I9T9/>82P>89:9<9>1EFD;0:<@6/0G0/>8H>1G3DE
E/=,ZM ?@ABC0@D>2:VEU;;<;1EFD;G0/>8H> 70 89: 80 1I;0J1KLM5J 89:/0;;<;EB8MW7MPE1G3DE=,ZM5/E;@50/IQRS
_`$;`$_3' : Eryngium foetidum L. YW/E1=PE8H> ST10BS /0;;<;
_`$W`$
?@ABC0@D> (Eryngium foetidum L.) 2@<;STUNMW>+J Apiaceae EB_3DM`/1M3<NM1=50P;MAFZM=;>[WBI;1E03/ N6EB93DMO;E
NAP6037XYH< 1IaM1Y0FD;>I0Q>0H 89:<@693DMY/W H00GYQb[/>HEQMVG0 N6AUWSNOP12034;/O/0 0/H<NAP3M1GFD;8PG3.8E>Ic;>
8PIW<[P;> HUWMMZ`/5PE=;>N689:0/ NAP<FDE8PV=POW@<NO4U V=PE/9/10BS 8P;/12BSM O0F;8P[P;>1HBS (H_/6@M/08G[SJ8?M
V[S 0E/08G[SJ 0:[0W>H/d/0bHQ=. 2538; Jacquat 89: Bertossa, 1990; Ramcharan, 1999)
?@ABC0@D>H/E/0_12034153675V<P[@Z>NMGFZM[BD[BDEB0UE1>/ GFZM[BD9/>82P> O0F;NMGFZM[BDAFZM8l: 7<S/0I9TNMHX/G[BDEB0UE
1>/ 2:NOP5PM[BDENB 6=M/<NO4U HB1=BSWH< EB93DMO;E ;B[@Z>S@>;;<;AP/9> (Ramcharan, 1999) 85UN6GFA2:6/>89:;U;MMQUE
(An 89: Shangguan, 2008) ?@ABC0@D>1IaMGFA[BDNAPI0:7SAMJ2/N61IaMO9@ /0NAPIQRSST10BS2,>EB?95U;[@Z>/012034153675 /0NOP?9
?935 89:YQbX/G=;>N6 ;SU/>V0L5/E =P;ET91BDSW@6/0I9T89:/0NAPIQRSNM?@ABC0@D>EBYU;M=P/>2`/@< 7<S1lG/:NMI0:1[+
V[S [BDS@>VEUEB/0[<9;>[BAD @<12M K,D>0EHU>1H03E/01.50 V<P8M:M`/NOPI9T?@ABC0@D> 7<SEB/0G0/>8H> 60-80 1I;0J1KLM5J
89:NAPIQRSHT50 20-20-0 ?HEHT50 46-0-0 ;@50/ 50 3790@E5U;V0U (http://www.2doae.go.th/library/vegetable/www/plant/
pugchee_f.htm) HUWM/0I9T?@ABC0@D>[BD Massachusetts HO0@r;1E03/ Casey et al., (2004) G6WU/ /0G0/>8H> 40
1I;0J1KLM5J 89:NOPIQRSVM75012M 90 3790@E5U;8s5/0J NOP?9?935<B[BDHQ< H`/O0@6NM/0[<9;>MBEZ BW@5_QI0:H>YJ 1GFD;+,.//0
1203415367589:/0;;<;=;>?@ABC0@D> 1EFD;I9TX/SN5P/0G0/>8H>89:NOPISQR ST10BS;@50/5U/>t

1
1

X/YW3A/1[Y7M79SB/01.50 89: 2 X/YW3A/1YEB Yb:W3[S/+/H50J89:1[Y7M79SB EO/W3[S/9@Sd00E+/H50J +QMSJ0@>H35

Department of Agricultural Technology and 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus

166

/01203415367589:/0;;<;

Iv[BD 40 l6@6[BD 1 (G31+.) E0/YE-1E./SM 2552

W. W3[S/+/H50J1.50

.>=%Ra+,-U5 $%
W/>8?M/0[<9;>866 split plot EB 3 KZ`/ 7<SEB main plot YF; /0G0/>8H> [BD0:<@6 0 50 60 70 89: 80
1I;0J1KLM5J 89: sub plot YF; IQRSST10BS 7<SNOP;@50/ 0 7.5 15 89: 30 3790@E5U;V0U M`/1E9L<?@ABC0@D> 2/603.@[[B1;H1; 2`/@<
E/8AUNMMZ`/;QUM;QbOXTE3 40 ;>+/1K91KBSH M/M 3 A@WD 7E> 2/M@ZMM`/1E9L<VIW/>6M0:</.0;>[BDNOPYW/EAFZM89:6002QNM
petridish 89PW1L6[BD;QbOXTE3 25 ;>+/1K91KBSH 1IaM1W9/ 15 W@M 1EFD;0/>;S/WI0:E/b 2 E39931E50 SP/SI9TNMGB[E;H
89:1EFD;5PM9P/;/SQ 38 W@MO9@>SP/SI9TNMGB[E;H SP/SI9T9>NM0:_/>=M/< 15 X 75 X 15 1KM531E50 (WP/> X S/W X HT>)
2`/MWM 3 0:_/>/H3D>[<9;>/KZ/` NAPW@H<QI9T YF; [0/SOS/6 _U/M896 IQRSY; N6P/EIT OE@ 89:/6E:G0P/WH@686619L
?HENM;@50/HUWM 1:1:1:2:2 7<SI03E/50 5/E9`/<@6 NM85U9:0:_/>I9T 10 5PM 0:S:I9T 7 X 15 1KM531E50 W/>0:_/>[@Z>
3 0:_/>53<@MNM70>10F;MG0/>8H> 50 60 70 89: 80 1I;0J1KLM5J HUWM/0G0/>8H> 0 1I;0J1KLM5J W/>0:_/>NM8I9>
9/>82P> 70>10F;MG0/>8H> EB=M/< 5 X 6 X 2 1E50 (WP/> X S/W X HT>) NAP5/=U/SG0/>8H>5/E0:<@6[BD`/OM< Y9QE70>10F;M
[@Z><P/M6M89:<P/M=P/> 7<S<P/M=P/>Y9QE5/=U/SG0/>8H>S/W 1.5 1E502/<P/M6M 89:1O9F;AU;>WU/> 0.50 1E502/GFZM<3M
6@M[,YW/E1=PE8H>NM8I9>I9T89:NM70>10F;M[BDEB/0G0/>8H>NM0:<@65U/> t NMW@M[BDxy/NH 1W9/I0:E/b 12.00-14.00 M. 7<S
NAP1Y0FD;> illuminance meter Model 51002 SBDOP; Yokogawa NOPIQRSST10BS;@50/ 0 7.5 15 89: 30 3790@E5U;V0U 7<S86U>NHU 3
Y0@Z> 1EFD;5PM?@ABC0@D>EB;/SQ 1 3 89: 5 H@I</OJO9@>SP/S9P/
6@M[,=P;ET9 1EFD;;/SQ 8 H@I</OJO9@>SP/S9P/ <@>MBZ YW/EHT>89:MZ`/OM@8OP>=;>HUWM1OMF;<3M YU/ SPAD 7<SNAP1Y0FD;>
chlorophyll meter 0QUM SPAD-502 SBDOP; Minolta HUWM2`/MWM5PM[BD;;<; 6@M[,[Q t H@I</OJO9@>SP/S9P/ G0P;E[@>Z 1<L<AU;<;
[3Z> 89:Y`/MWb1I;0J1KLM5J/013<<;M`/ =P;ET9E/W31Y0/:OJYW/E8I0I0WM89:1I0BS61[BS6YW/E855U/>=;>YU/1l9BDS7<SW3dB
DMRT [BD0:<@6YW/E1AFD;E@DM 95 1I;0J1KLM5J 7<SNAP7I080E SAS version 6.12
2,+,-&$%Ra
>/MW32@SMBZI9T?@ABC0@D>NM8I9>[<9;>NMAUW>1<F;MH3>O/YE-@MS/SM 2550 K,D>NM8I9>I9T9/>82P> EBYW/E1=PE8H>
1l9BDS 105,283 lux 85U1EFD;G0/>8H> 50 60 70 89: 80 1I;0J1KLM5J YW/E1=PE8H>1l9BDS9<9>1IaM 37,842 26,725 17,988 89:
8,800 lux 5/E9`/<@6 /0I9T?@ABC0@D>7<SG0/>8H> 0 50 60 70 89: 80 1I;0J1KLM5J 89:NOPIQRSST10BS ;@50/ 0 7.5 15 89: 30
3790@E5U;V0U G6WU/ ?@ABC0@D>EBYW/EHT> YU/ SPAD 89:MZ`/OM@8OP>5PM855U/>@M;SU/>EBM@SH`/Y@4 89:EB;3[d3G90UWE;SU/>EB
M@SH`/Y@40:OWU/>0:<@6/0G0/>8H>@6;@50//0NOPIQRS ?@ABC0@D>2:EB/0120341536751G3DEE/=,ZM1EFD;9</0G0/>8H>9>89:NOPIQRS
NM;@50/[BD1G3DE=,ZM 7<S/0G0/>8H> 50 1I;0J1KLM5J 89:NOPIQRS 30 3790@E5U;V0U ?@ABC0@D>EBMZ`/OM@8OP>5PMHT>HQ<89:855U/>;SU/>
EBM@SH`/Y@4@6H3D>[<9;>;FDM (Figure 1C) EBYU/ SPAD HT> K,>D 855U/>@M;SU/>VEUEBMS@ H`/Y@4@6/0I9T9/>82P> (Figure 1B)
_,>8EPWU//0G0/>8H> 60 89: 70 1I;0J1KLM5J 89:NOPIQRS 30 3790@E5U;V0U ?@ABC0@D>EBYW/EHT>855U/>@M;SU/>VEUEBM@SH`/Y@4@6
/0G0/>8H> 50 1I;0J1KLM5J 89:NOPIQRS 30 3790@E5U;V0U (Figure 1A) 85U0:<@6/0G0/>8H>[BD1G3DE=,ZM<@>9U/W ?@ABC0@D>EBMZ`/OM@
8OP>5PM5D`/WU/E/89:855U/>@M;SU/>EBM@SH`/Y@4 ;B[@Z>S@>EBI03E/bY9;70x|99J9<9>;B<PWS 1MFD;>2/[BD0:<@6YW/E1=PE8H>5D`/
N6GFA2:6/>9> I03E/bY9;70x|99J9<9> HBN62:;U;M9> 85UEBYW/E;U;MMQUEE/=,ZM (An 89: Shangguan, 2008) 2,>HU>?9NOP
MZ`/OM@ 8OP>=;>GFA9<9> H`/O0@6/0G0/>8H> 80 1I;0J1KLM5J G6WU/ [@Z>YW/EHT>89:MZ`/OM@8OP>5PM EBYU/YU;M=P/>5D`/89:855U/>
@M;SU/>EBM@SH`/Y@4@6/0G0/>8H>NM0:<@6[BD9<9> 89:1EFD;NOPIQRSNM[Q;@50/[BD0:<@6/0G0/>8H>=P/>5PM ?@ABC0@D>2:EBYU/YW/EHT>
89:MZ`/OM@8OP>5PM855U/>@M;SU/>VEUEBM@SH`/Y@4 8H<>WU//0G0/>8H>E/13MVINM0:<@6 80 1I;0J1KLM5J YW/E1=PE8H>2:1IaM
I}22@S[BDH`/Y@4NM/02`/@</012034153675=;>GFA K,D>HU>?95U;/0H@>1Y0/:OJ8H>[`/NOPGFAH0P/>;/O/0V<P9<9> <@>M@ZM[BD0:<@6/0
G0/>8H><@>9U/W1EFD;NOPIQRSNM;@50/[BD1G3DE=,ZM GFA2,>VEUH/E/0_120341536751G3DE=,ZMV<P K,D>NOP?91AUM1<BSW@6>/M[<9;>NM?@ABC0@D>
(Casey et al., 2004) O0F; 7O0:G/ (Chang et al., 2008) HUWM/0I9T9/>82P> YW/EHT>EBYU/5D/` WU/;SU/>EBM@SH`/Y@4@6 /0
G0/> 8H> 50 60 89: 70 1I;0J1KLM5J NM[Q0:<@6=;>;@50/IQRS ;SU/>V0L5/E /0I9T9/>82P>9@6EBMZ`/OM@8OP>5PMHT>WU/
;SU/>EBM@SH`/Y@4@6/0G0/>8H> 60 89: 70 1I;0J1KLM5J 85UEBMZ`/OM@8OP>5PM5D`/WU/;SU/>EBM@SH`/Y@4@6/0G0/>8H> 50
1I;0J1KLM5J NM[Q0:<@6=;>;@50/IQRS
?@ABC0@D>2:;;<; 5@Z>85U;/SQ 4 H@I</OJO9@>SP/SI9T 5PM[BDI9T9/>82P>EB1I;0J1KLM5J/0;;<;E/[BDHQ< 89:9<9>
1EFD;0:<@6/0G0/>8H>1G3DEE/=,ZM (Figure 1D, 1E 89: 1F) HUWM/0G0/>8H> 70 89: 80 1I;0J1KLM5J ?@ABC0@D>2:VEU;;<; 2:1OLM
V<PWU/0:<@6YW/E1=PE8H>[BD1G3DEE/=,ZM2:HU>?9NOP?@ABC0@D>;;<;10LW=,ZM K,D>NOP?9H;<Y9P;>@6 Casey et al., (2004) M;2/MBZ
1I;0J1KLM5J/0;;<;EB8MW7MPE1G3DE=,ZM5/E;@50/IQRS[BD1G3DE=,ZM ?@ABC0@D>[BDI9T9/>82P> EB1I;0J1KLM5J/0;;<;YU;M=P/>HT>;SU/>

W. W3[S/+/H50J1.50

Iv[BD 40 l6@6[BD 1 (G31+.) E0/YE-1E./SM 2552

/01203415367589:/0;;<; 167

5U;1MFD;> 5@Z>85U;/SQ 4 H@I</OJO9@>SP/SI9T 8EPWU/2:1<L<<;[3Z>NM[Qt H@I</OJ89PWL5/E /0;;<;2:HU>?9NOP/012034153675

[/> vegetative =;>GFA9<9> 1MFD;>2/<;1EFD;EB/0?HE89:G@M/VI1IaM1E9L<2:1IaM sink [BDH`/Y@4WU/N6;U;M ;/O/0[BDV<P
2//0H@>1Y0/:OJ8H>2,>_THU>VIS@>1E9L<E/WU/[B2D :HU>VI19BZS>[BDN6 (Wien, 1997) ?@ABC0@D>[BDI9T9/>82P>2,>EB5PM[BDYU;M=P/>
8U N6OM/ 1OMBSW EB1HBZSME/ 7<S[@DWVI?@ABC0@D>[BDI9TNM8_61;1ABS5:W@M;;1lBS>N5P2:;;<;59;<[@Z>Iv (Ekpong 89:
Sukprakarn, 2006) <@>M@ZM/0I9T?@ABC0@D>1GFD;6037XYHUWM=;>N61IaMO9@ 2,>YW0I9TX/SN5PHX/G/0G0/>8H>[B1D OE/:HE
1MFD;>2/H/E/0_A:9;/0;;<; 89:HU>?9NOP?@ABC0@D>EB0:S:/012034153675[/> vegetative S/WM/M=,ZM (Wien, 1997)
M;2/MBZ/01<L<AU;<;[3Z>2:HU>1H03ENOPGAF EB/012034153675[/> vegetative <BS3D>=,ZM 85U2:5P;>NAP1W9/89:80>>/ME/
Ramcharan (1999) 0/S>/MWU/ ?@ABC0@D>H/E/0_12034153675V<P[@Z>NMGFZM[BD[BDEB0EU 1>/ GFZM[BD9/>82P> O0F;NMGFZM[BDAFZM8l:
H`/O0@6NMI0:1[+V[S 0EHU>1H03E/01.50 V<P8M:M`/NOPI9T?@ABC0@D>X/SN5P/0G0/>8H> I0:E/b 60-80 1I;0J1KLM5J
(http://www.2doae.go.th/library/vegetable/www/plant/pugchee_f.htm) 89:2/?9/0[<9;> G6WU/ /0I9T?@ABC0@>D 1GFD;1L6
?9?935H<YW0I9TNM[BD[BDEB/0G0/>8H> K,D>2:NOP?9?935[BDEBYb
Q X/G<BWU//0I9T9/>82P> 85U/0G0/>8H>E/13MVI2:
HU>?95U;/012034153675=;>GFA1AUM@M 7<S/0G0/>8H> 50 1I;0J1KLM5J 89:NOPIQRSST10BS 30 3790@E5U;V0U 2:NOP5PMHT> N6=M/<
NO4UHB1=BSWH< VEU1IaM1HBZSM MZ`/OM@E/ EBYQbX/G<B 1OE/:5U;/06037XYH< 85U2:103DE;;<;1G3ED =,ZM 1EFD;;/SQ 8 H@I</OJO9@>
SP/SI9T /0G0/>8H>E/13MWU/ 50 1I;0J1KLM5J 89:NOPIQRSST10BSNM;@50/[B1D G3DE=,ZM2/ 0 1G3DE1IaM 7.5 15 89: 30 3790@E5U;
V0U _,>8EPGFA2:HT>89:EBN6E/=,MZ ;;<;MP;S9> 85U9@6EB/0H:HEMZ`/OM@8OP>9<9> 89:_P/G0/>8H>_,> 80 1I;0J1KLM5J GFA
2:EB/012034153675MP;SE/NM[Q0:<@6=;>;@50/IQRS 2:1OLMV<PWU/ /09<0:<@6/0G0/>8H>9> ?@ABC0@D>2:EB/012034153675<B=,ZM
K,D>NOP?9H;<Y9P;>@6 Casey 3et al., (2004) [BD0/S>/MWU/ /0G0/>8H> 20 1I;0J1KLM5J ?@ABC0@D>EBMZ`/OM@5PMHT>WU//0 G0/>8H>
40 1I;0J1KLM5J 85U1MFD;>2/1EFD;YW/E1=PE8H>9<9>/0;;<;2:13<AP/9> K,>D 2:AUWSI0:OS@<80>>/MNM/01<L<<; 89:NOP
N6[BDEBYQbX/G<B 2,>8M:M`/NOPI9T?@ABC0@D>7<SG0/>8H> 40 1I;0J1KLM5J ;SU/>V0L5/E Casey et al., (2004) VEUV<P0/S>/M
1BDSW@6YW/E1=PE8H>NMAUW>[BDEB/0[<9;> HUWM/0I9T9/>82P> 8EPWU/GFA2:12034153675V<P<B 85UVEU1OE/:NM/0?9351GFD;
6037XYH< 1MFD;>2/;;<;10LW N6OM/89:1OMBSW VEU1IaM[B5D P;>/0=;>59/< (Ramcharan, 1999)
?@ABC0@D>1IaMGFA[BND API0:7SAMJ2/N6 2,>5P;>/0d/5QVM75012MNMI03E/bE/ /0NOPd/5Q;/O/0NM;@50/[BD1GBS>G; GFA
2:EB/012034153675HT>HQ<89:Y>0:<@6MBZ5U;VI8EPWU/2:NOPd/5Q;/O/0NM;@50/[BD1G3DE=,ZM 85U1EFD;1G3DEd/5Q;/O/0E/13MWU/;@50/
[BD1GBS>G; GFA2:EB/0120341536759<9> 1MFD;>2/d/5Q;/O/0EBYW/E1=PE=PME/2M1IaMG3. (S>SQ[d, 2546) H`/O0@6NM/0
[<9;>MBZ /0NOPIQRSST10BS ;@50/ 30 3790@E5U;V0U ?@ABC0@D>EB/012034153675HT>HQ<[@Z>YW/EHT> 89:MZ`/OM@8OP>5PMNM[Q0:<@6=;>
/0G0/>8H> K,D>/0NOPIQRSNM;@50/<@>9U/W;/22:1IaM0:<@6[BD1GBS>G;O0F;VEU1GBS>G;5U;/012034153675=;>?@ABC0@D> <@>M@ZM2,>YW0
EB/0+,.//0NOPIQRSST10BSNM;@50/[BDHT>13MWU/ 30 3790@E5U;V0U 1GFD;G3HT2MJO/;@50/[B1D GBS>G;89:1OE/:HE@6?@ABC0@>D 5U;VI
H`/O0@6/0NOPISQR VM75012M@6?@ABC0@D> Casey et al., (2004) 0/S>/MWU/ /0NAPIQRS8;E7E1MBSEVM1505 ;@50/ 90 3790@E5U;
8s5/0J O0F; 14.4 3790@E5U;V0U HU>?9NOP?@ABC0@D>12034153675V<P<B[BDHQ< HUWM/0I9TNMI0:1[+V[S 0EHU>1H03E/01.50
8M:M`/NOPNAPIQRSHT50 20-20-0 ?HE@6IQRSHT50 46-0-0 ;@50/ 50 3790@E5U;V0U (http://www.2doae.go.th/library/vegetable/www/
plant/pugchee_f.htm)
;%>=
1. /0?935?@ABC0@D>1GFD;6037XYH<YW0EB/0G0/>8H> ?@ABC0@D>EB/0120341536751G3DE=,ZM1EFD;9</0G0/>8H>9>89:NOPIQRSST10BSNM
;@50/[BD1G3DE=,ZM 7<S/0G0/>8H> 50 1I;0J1KLM5J 89:NOPIQRSST10BS 30 3790@E5U;V0U ?@ABC0@D>12034153675<B[BDHQ< NOP5PMHT> N6NO4UHB
1=BSWH< MZ`/OM@E/ 85U/0120341536759<9>;SU/>1OLMV<PA<@ 1EF;D G0/>8H> 80 1I;0J1KLM5J 89:NOPIQRSST10BS[@>Z 4 ;@50/
2. ?@ABC0@D>;;<; 1EFD;;/SQ 4 H@I</OJO9@>SP/SI9T 7<S1I;0J1KLM5J/0;;<;HT>HQ<1EFD;I9T9/>82P>89:9<9>1EFD;0:<@6/0
G0/>8H>1G3DEE/=,ZM ?@ABC0@D>2:VEU;;<;1EFD;G0/>8H> 70 89: 80 1I;0J1KLM5J 89:/0;;<;EB8MW7MPE1G3DE=,ZM5/E;@50/IQRS

168

/01203415367589:/0;;<;

15

Iv[BD 40 l6@6[BD 1 (G31+.) E0/YE-1E./SM 2552

g/plant

SPAD

cm
A

12

50
30

20

10

0
0%

50%

60%

70%

40

0 Kg/rai

0.4
0.2
0.0
0%

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

0% 50% 60% 70% 80%

50% 60% 70% 80%

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

0.8
0.6

80%

W. W3[S/+/H50J1.50

weeks after planting

7.5 Kg/rai

15 Kg/rai

shading

%
F

30 Kg/rai

Figure 1 Plant growth at 8 weeks after planting and flowering of culantro grown under 0, 50, 60, 70 and 80%
shading and 0, 7.5, 15 and 30 kg/rai of urea application rates. A: shoot height, B: SPAD value, C: shoot
dry weight , D: flowering percentage under 0% shading, E: flowering percentage under 50% shading
and F: flowering percentage under 60% shading
".;$%.:$1.1
S>SQ[d 7;H_HX/. 2546. d/5Q;/O/0GFA. G3EGJY0@Z>[BD 2. H`/M@G3EGJEO/W3[S/9@S1.50+/H50J, 0Q>1[G, 424 OMP/.
H_/6@M/08G[SJ8?MV[S 0E/08G[SJ 0:[0W>H/d/0bHQ=. 2538. ?@GFZM6P/M : YW/EOE/S89:XTE3I}44/=;>H/E@4AM
V[S. 70>G3EGJ;>YJ/0H>1Y0/:OJ[O/0?U/M+,, 0Q>1[G, 261 OMP/.
An, H. and Z. P. Shangguan. 2008. Specific leaf area. leaf nitrogen content, and photosynthetic acclimation of Trifolium
repens L. seedlings grown at different irradiances and nitrogen concentration, Photosynthetica, 46: 143-147.
Casey, C. A., F. X. Mangan, S. J. Herbert, A. V. Barker and A. K. Carter. 2004. The effect of light intensity and
nitrogen fertilization on plant growth and leaf quality of ngo gai (Eryngium foetidum L.) in Massachusetts,
Acta Horticulturae, 629 : 215-229.
Chang, X., P. G. Alderson and C. J. Wright. 2008. Solar irradiance level alters the growth of basil (Ocimum
basilicum L.) and its content of volatile oils, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63: 216-223.
Ekpong, B. and S. Sukprakarn. 2006. Harvest stages and umbel order contribution on eryngo (Eryngium foetidum L.)
seed yield and quality, Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.), 40: 273-279.
Jacquat, C. and G. Bertossa. 1990. Plants from the Markets of Thailand, D.K. Book House, Thailand, 251 p.
Ramcharan, C., 1999. Culantro : a much utilized. little understood herb. Perspectives on New Crops and Uses, In :
J. Janick (ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth National Symposium New Crops and New Uses: Biodiversity
and Agricultural Sustainability, ASHA Press, Alexandria, V.A., p. 506-509.
Wien, H. C., 1997. Correlative growth in vegetables. In: H.C. Wien (ed.), The Physiology of Vegetables Crops,
CABI, UK, p.181-206.
http://www.2doeae.go.th/library/vegetable/www/plant/pugchee_f.htm. [June 8, 2005].