MnDOT Bridge Office 2012 LRFD Workshop June 12, 2012

Prestressed Elements
Ben Jilk
Bridge Design Engineer

Outline

Inverted tees
New MW-shapes and archiving M-shapes
Camber study
Curved bridge design

Prestressed Elements

Inverted Tees
Developed in 2004 as an alternative to slab
span bridges

Spans up to 45
Typically not used on skewed bridges
Intended to speed up construction
4 generations built, 5th to be designed this
summer

Prestressed Elements

Inverted Tees - Locations

Prestressed Elements

Inverted Tees - Geometry

2 CHAMFER

CIP SLAB

1 CHAMFER
INTERIOR BEAM

12 to 18

3
1-0

4-0

1-0

6-0

CIP SLAB

EXTERIOR BEAM

VARIES

Prestressed Elements

12 to 18

1-0

Inverted Tees - Geometry

CIP SLAB

INV-T BEAM

Prestressed Elements

MASTIC
BOND
BREAKER

INV-T BEAM

Inverted Tees
POLYSTYRENE

POLYSTYRENE

PIER
PIER
6

POLYSTYRENE

POLYSTYRENE

ABUTMENT
7

Prestressed Elements

ABUTMENT

Inverted Tees
Stainless steel
Wrapped at piers, not abutments
EXTERIOR
INV-T BEAM

INTERIOR
INV-T BEAM

PIER

INTERIOR
INV-T BEAM

15 ft

EXTERIOR
INV-T BEAM

CL PIER

INTERIOR
INV-T BEAM

INTERIOR
INV-T BEAM

TROUGH

CL STRUCTURE

Prestressed Elements

EXTERIOR
INV-T BEAM

EXTERIOR
INV-T BEAM

Inverted Tees - Materials

Beam Concrete
fci = 4 ksi
fc = 6 ksi

Slab Concrete
fc = 4 ksi

diameter 7-wire low-relaxation strands

2
2

Prestressed Elements

2
(TYP.)

3
(TYP.)

Inverted Tees Design

LLDF calculated assuming slab-type bridge
Additional loads:
Restraint moment (time dependent)
Thermal gradient
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE FOR THREE-SPAN BRIDGE WITH
INVERTED TEES MADE CONTINUOUS FOR LIVE LOADS

PRECAST GIRDERS PLACED ON SUBSTRUCTURE

REINFORCEMENT PLACED OVER PIERS

CAST-IN-PLACE SLAB POURED

10

Prestressed Elements

Inverted Tees - Design

Positive restraint moments
Beam prestress creep

Positive thermal gradient

ABUT.

PIER

PIER
POSITIVE MOMENT
APPROXIMATION

11

Prestressed Elements

ABUT.

Inverted Tees - Design

Negative restraint moments
Dead load creep (beam self-weight, CIP deck weight)
Deck shrinkage

Negative thermal gradient

ABUT.

PIER

PIER

NEGATIVE MOMENT
APPROXIMATION

12

Prestressed Elements

ABUT.

Inverted Tees Design

Designed as simple-span
Restraint moments and thermal gradient
included by taking yield moment of trough
reinforcement continuous over the piers
M YIELD

0 kip-ft
CONTINUOUS REINF.

ABUT.

0 kip-ft
PIER

PIER

RESTRAINT/THERMAL GRADIENT
MOMENT APPROXIMATION

13

Prestressed Elements

ABUT.

Inverted Tees Beam Design

Tension at release limited to
rather
than
or 200 psi used for typical
prestressed beams

14

Prestressed Elements

Inverted Tees Slab Design

Designed as continuous for loads applied after
slab cures (barrier, FWS, LL)
Restraint moments and thermal gradient
included by applying a factor of 1.20 to the
negative LL moment at the piers
RESTRAINT/THERMAL GRADIENT
MOMENT APPROXIMATION
ABUT.

PIER

PIER

0 kip-ft

0 kip-ft

1.20 M NEGATIVE LL AT PIER

15

Prestressed Elements

ABUT.

Inverted Tees
MnDOT is currently in the process of developing
guidelines for Inverted Tees which will be
released once completed.

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Prestressed Elements

MW Shapes
Goal to develop:
Beams that span
farther than existing
shapes OR
Beams that could be
used at a wider
spacing

82 and 96 MW
Beams
MnDOT Memo to
Designers (2011-01),
July 29, 2011
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Prestressed Elements

3-0

ROUGHENED

SMOOTH FINISH WITH

BOND BREAKER

MW Shapes
68 TOTAL STRANDS
54 STRAIGHT

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Prestressed Elements

14 DRAPED

MW Shapes
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAM CHART FOR MW SERIES
220
DESIGN CRITERIA
HL-93 LOADING f'c=9ksi

f'ci=7.5ksi

0.6" f STRANDS

210
68@5.6

206

SPAN LENGTH (FEET)

200

96MW

NUMBERS ADJACENT TO LIMIT CURVES REPRESENT AN

APPROXIMATE DESIGN NUMBER OF STRANDS AND
CENTER OF GRAVITY AT MIDSPAN.

68@5.6

193
68@5.6

190

68@5.6

190

68 @ 5.6

82MW

178

180

68@5.6

68@5.6

170

68@5.6
68@5.6

160
68@5.6

150
5

10

BEAM SPACING (FEET)

19

Prestressed Elements

11

12

13

14

MW Shapes
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAM CHART
220
DESIGN CRITERIA
HL-93 LOADING f'c=9ksi

210

96MW

200

SPAN LENGTH (FEET)

0.6" f STRANDS

NUMBERS ADJACENT TO LIMIT CURVES REPRESENT AN

APPROXIMATE DESIGN NUMBER OF STRANDS AND CENTER OF
GRAVITY AT MIDSPAN.

68@5.6
68@5.6

82MW

190

f'ci=7.5ksi

68@5.6

68@5.6
68 @ 5.6

180

68@5.6
68@5.6

170

44@5.1

68@5.6

68@5.6

81M

160

68@5.6

44@5.1

150
44@5.1

140

44@5.1

130

44@5.1

120
5

10

BEAM SPACING (FEET)

20

Prestressed Elements

11

12

13

14

MW Shapes
4

INTERMEDIATE
DIAPHRAGM

21

ONE INTERMEDIATE DIAPHRAGM

FOR EVERY 45 OF SPAN LENGTH
(NOT INCLUDING THOSE AT PIER
ENDS OF BEAM)

Prestressed Elements

PIER

INTERMEDIATE
DIAPHRAGM

MW Shapes
Shipment/handling of beams - lateral instability
Deck pour sequence should be investigated
Camber tracking required
Estimated cambers given in tabular form varying
with age of girder

22

Prestressed Elements

MW Shapes Camber Example

23

Prestressed Elements

MW Shapes
Beam length on slopes
Use L in plan sheets when L H

24

Prestressed Elements

MW Shapes Standard Plans and

B-Details Developed/Modified
Standard Plans
5-397.531 82MW Prestressed Concrete Beam
5-397.532 96MW Prestressed Concrete Beam

B-Details
B303 Sole Plate
B310 Curved Plate Bearing Assembly Fixed
B311 Curved Plate Bearing Assembly Expansion
B412 Steel Intermediate Bolted Diaphragm (All MW
Prestressed Beams)
B814 Concrete End Diaphragm Parapet Abutment

25

Prestressed Elements

Archiving M Shapes
Archiving 45M through 81M beams
Similar depth MN and MW shapes more efficient
27M and 36M still available
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAM CHART
220
96MW

200
82MW

SPAN LENGTH (FEET)

180

120

81M
72M
MN63
63M
MN54
54M
MN45
45M

100

36M

80

27M

160
140

60
40
4

10

BEAM SPACING (FEET)

26

Prestressed Elements

11

12

13

14

Camber Study - Background

DPRESTRESS

DSELF

CAMBER

Estimation of camber at erection:

PCI: 1.85 for self-weight, 1.80 for prestress
Girders arriving at bridge site with cambers much
lower than predicted
MnDOT: 1.50 for self-weight and prestress based on
limited internal study

Study by University of Minnesota to investigate

MnDOTs factors
27

Prestressed Elements

Camber Study Methodology

Historical camber data
Fabricator records for 1,067 girders from 2006-2010
Erection records for 768 of 1,067 girders

Instrumentation/monitoring of 14 girders
Measurement of compressive strength/elastic
modulus of samples from two precasting plants
Parametric study to investigate time-dependent
effects using PBEAM

28

Prestressed Elements

Camber Study Girder Fabrication

Recommendations
Pouring Schedule/Management
Strand Tensioning and Temperature Corrections
Bunking/Storage Conditions

29

Prestressed Elements

Camber Study Release Camber

Prediction Considerations
Increase fci by multiplying by a specified factor
for camber calculations
Use a different equation to calculate concrete
modulus of elasticity
Reduce the stress in the strands at release for
camber calculations

30

Prestressed Elements

Camber Study Long-Term (Erection)

Camber Prediction Suggested Changes
NO CHANGE TO RELEASE
CAMBER ESTIMATION

CHANGE RELEASE
CAMBER ESTIMATION

NO OTHER CHANGES

MnDOT is currently in the process of deciding

which multipliers will be used
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Prestressed Elements

Curved Bridge Design

32

Prestressed Elements

Curved Bridge Design

Layout Considerations

6 MIN.
EDGE OF DECK

33

Prestressed Elements

Curved Bridge Design

Layout Considerations

PARALLEL

CHECK MAX OVERHANG

34

Prestressed Elements

Curved Bridge Design

Layout Considerations
CHECK
MAX
OVERHANG

6 MIN.

PARALLEL

35

Prestressed Elements

Curved Bridge Design

Layout Considerations

4-0 MIN.

PREFERABLY ONLY 1 FLARED SPACE

36

Prestressed Elements

Curved Bridge Design

Design Considerations
1/3
POINT

1/3
POINT

1/3
POINT

37

Prestressed Elements

1/3
POINT

Curved Bridge Design

Design Considerations

2/3 POINT
(LOADS)

38

Prestressed Elements

1/3 POINT
(PROPERTIES)

Curved Bridge Fascia Design

Design Considerations
Stool
Should take into account horizontal curve
For straight bridges, typically use stool thickness of
2.5 for initial load calculations and 1.5 for
properties.
For curved bridges, consider using stool thickness of
something larger than 2.5 for initial load
calculations to account for horizontal curve and
increased stool heights. Use 1.5 for properties.

39

Prestressed Elements

Summary

40

Inverted Tees
MW-Shapes
Archiving M-Shapes
Camber Study
Curved Bridges

Prestressed Elements

Questions and Discussion

Inverted Tees
MW-Shapes
M-Shapes
Camber Study
Curved Bridges

41

Prestressed Elements